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was responsible for just under 10% of salaried jobs in the overseas department, though there are estimates that as many as 9,000 people are employed directly and indirectly as a result of activities at the spaceport. The Guiana Space Centre (or CSG) is one of the spaceports in the world that receives the most traffic, and it receives large amounts of funding from the
European Space Agency (ESA), with the organisation covering around 66% of the spaceport's annual budget, as well as financing new facilities. Indigenous and local activist groups argue that mainland France is only interested in French Guiana as far as the space centre is concerned, and the funding that the space centre receives is symbolic given the inequity in living standards seen between the department and mainland France. For example, despite there being high poverty levels and unemployment rates of over 20% in the department, the cost of living remains high due to a dependence on mainland France for imported food and resources, yet large amounts of funding are invested in the space programme, rather than in public services for the department.
1606:
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across the entire country, and resonated in mainland France. On 21 March 2017, the launch of an Ariane 5 rocket carrying a
Brazilian satellite and a South Korean satellite was prevented due to protesters and workers on strike from the CSG blockading the centre. Further strikes and occupation of the space centre meant that the satellites were not launched until May 2017. Negotiations between the French government and Guianese protesters resulted in a rejection of a €1.1 billion offer made by the French, with the Guianese demanding at least €3 billion in aid. Since the protests, CNES (National Centre for Space Studies), the French government space agency that operates the spaceport, added an additional €10 million to the €40 million it had already pledged to fund economic and social programmes in French Guiana.
1656:
1641:
1622:
1459:, between ELA-3 and ELS launch facilities. CNES was responsible for the construction of the Ariane 6 ground segments including the new launch pad. Earthworks on the 150 hectare launch site began at the end of June 2015 and was completed at the start of 2016. Four platforms were levelled to accommodate the launch pad, the liquid oxygen and hydrogen tanks and the assembly building. Civil engineering works on the flame trench and other buildings began in the summer of 2016 and ended in 2019. The new launch facility was inaugurated on 28 September 2021 with first flight of the Ariane 6 conducted on 9 July 2024.
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1006:, Algeria. In 1975, France offered to share Kourou with the ESA, with ESA covering today two thirds of Guiana Space Centre's budget. Commercial launches are also bought by non-European companies. ESA pays two-thirds of the spaceport's annual budget and has also financed the upgrades made during the development of the
1704:. Before and during launch windows, CSG facility security is significantly enhanced by anti-personnel and anti-aircraft measures, the exact configurations of which are classified by the French military. All entrants to the launch complex are also subject to checks for proof of permission to enter the facility.
2388:
The space sector was responsible for about 15% of French Guiana's GDP in 2014, around half of the 28% it was in 1990. This reduction is mostly due to expansion in other sectors, rather than decreasing space activity. As of 2020, the space sector employed 4,620 people in Guiana, meaning the industry
2392:
The department became the site of strikes and protests throughout March and April 2017, which were held to highlight the insecurity and infrastructural issues facing French Guiana. Alongside 30 labour unions who launched strikes, the
Collective of 500 Brothers led protests in Kourou, which spread
1575:
Astrium assembles each Ariane 5 launcher in the
Launcher Integration Building. The vehicle is then delivered to the Final Assembly Building for payload integration by Arianespace. The Final Assembly Building is located 2.8 km (1.7 mi) from the ELA-3 launch zone. The mobile launch table
1525:
commune, 27 km (17 mi) from Kourou harbor. It is 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of the site used for the Ariane 5 launches. Under the terms of the Russo-European joint venture, ESA will augment its own launch vehicle fleet with Soyuz rockets – using them to launch ESA or commercial
1346:
launches. The complex consisted of two areas: the launcher preparation zone and the launch pad, separated by one kilometre, allowing a launcher to be assembled in the preparation zone while another launch from the pad. A mobile service tower at the launch pad provided a protected environment for
1544:
On 13 September 2010, Spaceflight Now reported that after several delays in the construction of a mobile gantry the launch pad had been finished, and the first flight of the Soyuz was expected to occur in early 2011. By
October 2010, 18 launch contracts were signed. Arianespace has ordered 24
2059:
As of 2017, Kourou counts amongst the spaceports with the highest percentage of successful launches, both successive and overall. Here is a chronology of all orbital launches from the Kourou spaceport since 1970, under the French and
European space programmes.
1541:, with CNES being the prime contractor. The project has a projected cost of approximately €320 million, where €120 million are allocated for modernizing the Soyuz vehicle. The official opening of the launch site construction occurred on 27 February 2007.
1132:
Additionally, the centre's location adjacent to the open sea to the east reduces the potential risk of rocket stages and debris from launch failures falling on or near human settlements, which enhances safety during spaceflight activities.
973:
operates the launches including planning missions, handing customer relationships and overseeing the team at CSG at that integrates and prepares vehicles for launch. The rockets themselves are designed and produced by other companies,
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1155:
The location of the Guiana Space Centre provides benefits for launching spacecraft into low-inclination or geostationary Earth orbits. Rockets of similar size to those used at other spaceports to place satellites into
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1655:
954:. Kourou is located approximately 500 kilometres (310 mi; 270 nmi) north of the equator at a latitude of 5°. In operation since 1968, it is a suitable location for a spaceport because of its near
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launched the DIAL/MIKA and DIAL/WIKA satellites. DIAL/MIKA failed during launch, but it entered orbit with a total mass of 111 kg. DIAL/WIKA provided data for about two months after launch.
8136:
1879:(NBN-Co 1B) is a communication satellite launched on an Ariane 5 ECA launch vehicle. Sky Muster II is the second satellite of an operation to improve Australia's internet with the NBN program.
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5 July 2012 – The uncrewed Ariane 5 rocket took off to send an
American communication satellite and European weather-monitoring spacecraft into orbit. Liftoff occurred at 21:36 UTC.
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position. A Soyuz rocket with a 1.7 tones to geostationary transfer orbit performance from
Baikonur will increase its payload potential to 2.8 tones from the Guiana launch site.
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payloads – and the
Russians will get access to the Kourou spaceport for launching their own payloads with Soyuz rockets. Russia will use the Guiana Space Centre in addition to
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At CSG, space launches are conducted by several
European private companies and government agencies working together. The CSG land itself is managed by
7905:
6707:
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1980:
1152:, with a latitude of 28.5°, can only be launched to an inclination of 28.5°, requiring a significant amount of propellant to change the inclination.
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1621:
1021:. The center resumed operation on 24 April 2017, after an emergency relief plan of up to 2.1 billion euros was authorized by the French government.
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space probe on an 8-year journey to Jupiter, including four gravity assist maneuvers at the Moon, Earth, and Venus, where it will study three of
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satellites were launched using a Soyuz-ST rocket, in the "first Russian Soyuz vehicle ever launched from Europe's Spaceport in French Guiana.".
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or geostationary Earth orbits, as rockets can be launched into orbits with an inclination of as low as 6°. In contrast, a rocket launched from
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The location of the space centre was selected based on various factors. One of the primary benefits of this spaceport is its proximity to the
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1752:'s first satellite ST-1, which was launched back in 1998. It will provide 20% more transponder capacity and a wider coverage footprint than
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1243:. One Europa-II was launched from the site in 1971, which ended in failure due to a guidance problem, before the program was cancelled.
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1813:, lifted off at 10:00 UTC on its maiden voyage. The launcher released nine satellites into orbit: two Italian satellites and seven
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completes the trip with an Ariane 5 in about one hour. It is then secured in place over the launch pad's flame ducts.
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1530:. The Guiana location has the significant benefit of greatly increased payload capability, owing to the near
1144:
it provides. The near-equatorial location of the Guiana Space Centre offers an advantage for launches to low-
1095:
1035:
1065:
9007:
6251:
4104:
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launch vehicle. Sky Muster is the first satellite of an operation to improve Australia's internet with the
1468:
1157:
721:
8556:
3940:"Accessibility to Space Infrastructures and Outer Space: Anthropological Insights from Europe's Spaceport"
1246:
The pad at Giunana was demolished and subsequently rebuilt as the first launch complex for Ariane as ELA (
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1998:
1973:
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rockets. The first Soyuz launch from ELS was postponed several times, but launched on 21 October 2011.
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In 1964, Guiana was selected to become the spaceport of France, replacing France's first launch site
5123:
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satellites was launched. This was the first launch of a Soyuz rocket at the Centre Spatial Guyanais.
965:, the French national space agency. The launch infrastructure built on the CSG land is owned by the
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Particularly regarding the colonial history the site has been identified as carrying a heritage of
1991:
1117:, which makes it more efficient, requiring substantially less energy, to launch spacecraft into an
2901:
1172:(LEO). For example, the Proton rocket, launched from high latitudes in Russia, can only send 6,270
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14 February 2017 – An Ariane 5 launch vehicle carrying the commercial communication satellites
1596:
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1007:
5065:
3571:"Farewell, Ariane 5! Europe's workhorse rocket launches 2 satellites on final mission (video)"
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1701:
1567:, CEO of Arianespace, "there will no longer be Soyuz launches" from the Guiana Space Center.
1118:
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payload installation and final preparation of the rocket. Following the retirement of the
8:
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3465:"European Vega rocket suffers major launch failure, satellites for Spain and France lost"
1901:
1765:
1664:
1527:
1145:
1137:
1122:
3544:
2948:
8663:
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3920:
3442:"Ariane 5 launches Mission Extension Vehicle, two communications satellites to orbit"
3056:
2760:
2708:
2696:
2692:
1846:
to orbit. It is the first geostationary satellite built by a Latin American country,
1799:
1791:
1709:
673:
6374:
3210:
3111:
1853:
30 September 2015 – An Ariane 5 launch vehicle carrying the communication satellite
7555:
6953:
6812:
6537:
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5579:
5434:
3951:
3912:
3030:
2688:
1912:
1795:
1141:
888:
361:
5595:
3185:""Il n'y aura pas de prochain lancement Soyouz depuis le Centre Spatial Guyanais""
2567:""Il n'y aura pas de prochain lancement Soyouz depuis le Centre Spatial Guyanais""
1842:
16 October 2014 – An Ariane 5 launch vehicle carrying the communication satellite
178:
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6769:
6606:
5865:
5607:
5440:
5253:
5222:
4705:
4577:
4205:
4155:
4006:
3381:
3085:
3037:
2927:"The Spaceport's ELA-2 launch facility is dismantled after an illustrious career"
2803:"Commercial Launch Vehicle | ILS Proton Breeze M | International Launch Services"
2666:
2644:
2356:
2184:
2014:
2010:
1814:
1744:
21 May 2011 – 04:38 (GMT+08:00) An Ariane 5 ECA launch vehicle launched carrying
1240:
1169:
541:
485:
4557:
3746:"How a handful of South American protestors took Europe's space program hostage"
1857:
to orbit, being the second Argentine geostationary satellite built in two years.
8494:
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6802:
6003:
5759:
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5411:
4674:
4572:
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2006:
1966:
1897:(Intelsat 32e) and Telekom 3S launched the satellites to a geostationary orbit.
1769:
1538:
1261:
3416:"BepiColombo Spacecraft Launch on 7-Year Trek to Mercury for Europe and Japan"
1355:, In September 2011, the pad's service tower was demolished using explosives.
9001:
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2018:
1979:
13 December 2022 — An Ariane 5 launched the first third generation Meteosat:
1806:
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1304:
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1213:
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951:
939:
523:
502:
247:
234:
107:
4021:– information on current and upcoming Ariane missions; list of past missions
3668:"French space agency pledges 10-million-euro boost to French Guiana economy"
1136:
Furthermore, rockets typically launch towards the east to take advantage of
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48:
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1717:. Now a tourist site, the islands are under the launching trajectory for
1689:
1627:
1268:
975:
970:
506:
267:
5693:
4012:
3322:"Arianespace VSO2 mission: Soyuz STA orbits Pleiades 1A, ELISA and SSOT"
6902:
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to orbit. It is the first of the ESA's "Small-GEO" class of satellites.
1876:
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launches from 1988 until 2003. Before 1988, although purpose-built for
1176:
kg to GTO, while the Kourou-launched Ariane 5 can send more than 10,000
795:
789:
767:
750:
160:
4024:
2723:"Guyane : le Centre spatial guyanais occupé par des manifestants"
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4939:
4783:
4315:
3956:
3939:
3519:"Europe's Vega C rocket fails on 2nd-ever mission, 2 satellites lost"
2963:"The Ariane 6 system: On board-ground interfaces and launch facility"
1847:
1556:
1522:
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announced that it was suspending operations at ELS as a reaction to
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3828:"Strikes Shut Down French Guiana, With Effects Resonating in Paris"
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1802:. This was the second launch of a Soyuz at the Guiana Space Centre.
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Redfield, Peter (2002). "The Half-Life of Empire in Outer Space".
3772:"Has anything changed since French Guiana's 2017 social upheaval?"
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5749:
5651:
5529:
5115:
4165:
3284:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3260:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2513:
2173:
2002:
1962:
1951:
1883:
1854:
1843:
1776:
1749:
1731:
1646:
1531:
1515:
1114:
1102:
1086:
1013:
On 4 April 2017, the center was occupied by 30 labour unions and
955:
434:
428:
411:
398:
1900:
25 January 2018 – Partial failure of Ariane 5 launch vehicle on
1537:
The ELS project is being co-funded by Arianespace, ESA, and the
1375:) was active between 4 June 1996 and 5 July 2023, launching the
57:
6897:
6529:
6299:
6233:
6063:
5623:
4375:
4335:
1869:
1828:
947:
935:
103:
2679:
Gorman, Alice (2009). "The Archaeology of Space Exploration".
1786:
17 December 2011 – A Soyuz carrying the French space agency's
8852:
8738:
6739:
6410:
6326:
6275:
6221:
5628:
5406:
4866:
4837:
4752:
4587:
4582:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4095:
4089:
4084:
4079:
2715:
2484:
European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications
1947:
1907:
19 October 2018 – An Ariane 5 launched the European-Japanese
1810:
1419:
1364:
1189:
810:
640:
555:
456:
145:
2747:. 23 April 2017. Archived from the original on 23 April 2017
8316:
8058:
7584:
7221:
6872:
6847:
6827:
5348:
5167:
4891:
4626:
4380:
3233:"Ariane 5 rolls out for Arianespace's fifth launch of 2007"
3098:"Europe To Pay Russia To Build Soyuz Pad At Kourou: Russia"
2831:
1827:) launched the advanced multi-band communication satellite
1753:
1745:
983:
962:
149:
3879:"Strike-delayed European rocket launches in French Guiana"
3126:"Arianespace hosts meeting of launch system manufacturers"
2638:"Installation of the Guiana Space Center in French Guiana"
3984:
3853:"Spaceport protest delays rocket launch in French Guiana"
3545:"ESA launches JUICE to Jupiter's icy moons atop Ariane 5"
3010:"ELA-4 launch complex inaugurated at Guiana Space Centre"
271:
141:
1864:(NBN-Co 1A) is a communication satellite launched on an
1707:
The Guiana Space Centre (as per CNES) also contains the
1599:
launched from the Guiana Space Centre on 10 August 1992.
1410:
and covers an area of 21 km (8.1 sq mi).
2745:"French Guiana protests end with agreement - France 24"
3118:
3055:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 138.
2672:
1561:
international sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War
3112:"Soyuz, Vega flights from French Guiana set for 2011"
1823:
30 August 2013 – Indian Space Research Organisation (
2419:
1850:, and the second one of the Americas, after the U.S.
1886:carrying the geostationary communication satellite
1267:In November 2001, it was refurbished again for the
3716:"Guyana: Protesters left the Guiana Space Center"
3691:
3211:"Arianespace receives its fifth Ariane 5 of 2008"
2355:Charts include all orbital launches from Kourou;
8999:
7056:
5819:Space Applications and Telecommunications Centre
4013:List of Stratospheric Balloons launched from CSG
3171:"Russia halts Soyuz launches from French Guiana"
3104:
2765:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1194:Originally built in the 1960s under the name of
1125:compared to launching from spaceports at higher
2919:
2894:
1986:21 December 2022 – Vega-C failed to launch two
1713:, a former penal colony including the infamous
5829:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
3393:Navy's first satellite GSAT-7 now in the Space
3235:. Arianespace. 8 November 2007. Archived from
1684:Fire safety is ensured by a detachment of the
27:French and European spaceport in French Guiana
8974:Timeline of first orbital launches by country
7042:
5709:
4768:
4213:
4040:
3375:India launches first defence satellite GSAT-7
3048:
2541:"Isar Aerospace to launch from French Guiana"
2508:European Space Research and Technology Centre
2259:
1831:. It was 17th Indian satellite launched from
1277:). The first launch was on 13 February 2012.
1000:Centre interarmées d'essais d'engins spéciaux
958:location and open sea to the east and north.
2820:
1972:25 December 2021 – An Ariane 5 launched the
1794:electronic intelligence satellites, and the
1478:
1370:
1294:
1272:
1247:
38:
3937:
3802:"French Guiana paralysed by general strike"
3743:
3141:"Soyuz Launches From Kourou for First Time"
1918:5 February 2019 – An Ariane 5 launched the
7049:
7035:
5978:European Launcher Development Organisation
5716:
5702:
4775:
4761:
4227:
4220:
4206:
4047:
4033:
3739:
3737:
3132:
1756:, with C-band and Ku-band coverage of the
1721:and have to be evacuated during launches.
1570:
56:
47:
6041:
5723:
3955:
3938:Korpershoek, Karlijn (26 December 2023).
3769:
3661:
3659:
3542:
1997:14 April 2023 – An Ariane 5 launched the
1961:17 November 2020 – Vega failed to launch
1692:. Security around the base is ensured by
3902:
3031:SpaceflightNow's VS01 flight status page
2669:. European Space Agency official website
1615:lifts off from Kourou on 29 August 2013.
1284:
4054:
3825:
3734:
3640:"Rapport Annuel Économoque Guyane 2020"
3300:"First Soyuz launch from French Guiana"
3138:
3128:(Press release). Evry. 11 October 2010.
2902:"Guiana Space Center - Site advantages"
2687:(1_suppl). SAGE Publications: 132–145.
14:
9000:
3656:
3588:
3568:
2678:
2647:. Guiana Space Centre official website
2633:
2631:
2063:
1946:15 August 2020 – An Ariane 5 launched
1264:launches until being retired in 1989.
7030:
6040:
5940:Space Situational Awareness Programme
5697:
4756:
4201:
4028:
3665:
3594:
3462:
3344:"Successful lift-off for Vega rocket"
3297:
2856:. Space Launch Report. Archived from
2655:
2653:
1935:11 July 2019 – Vega failed to launch
1649:rollout to ELS pad on 9 October 2012.
1462:
1089:mobile service tower and flame trench
62:Panoramic view of Guiana Space Centre
9038:1968 establishments in South America
6987:
5983:European Space Research Organisation
5799:Space Research and Technology Centre
4735:
3944:International Journal of the Commons
3931:
3896:
3516:
2362:Historical data: launch tables from
2047:
2024:5 July 2023 – Ariane 5 launched two
7011:
3826:Breeden, Aurelien (27 March 2017).
3622:"Le Centre Spatial Guyanais - CNES"
3543:Davenport, Justin (14 April 2023).
3405:, 30 August 2013 by Madhumati D. S.
2933:. 26 September 2011. Archived from
2725:(in French). La Croix. 5 April 2017
2628:
1521:ELS is located on the territory of
1330:, built in 1986, had been used for
1019:2017 social unrest in French Guiana
24:
9023:Buildings and structures in Kourou
3770:MacDonald, Scott (20 April 2021).
3595:Clark, Stephen (26 October 2018).
3362:Centre National d'Études Spatiales
3079:Le Port Spatial de l'Europe (CNES)
2968:(in French). CNES. 4 November 2015
2878:. 13 February 2012. Archived from
2650:
1738:
1150:Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
198:
25:
9054:
3976:
3463:Malik, Tariq (17 November 2020).
3275:"DIAL/WIKA - NSSDC ID: 1970-017A"
3251:"DIAL/MIKA - NSSDC ID: 1970-017B"
3139:Messier, Doug (22 October 2011).
2026:military communication satellites
1941:United Arab Emirates Armed Forces
1798:remote sensing satellite for the
1724:
1545:launchers from Russian industry.
1168:, can send similar payloads to a
8953:
8941:
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7169:
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7010:
6998:
6986:
6975:
6974:
5804:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
4734:
4723:
4722:
4314:
4182:Soyuz at the Guiana Space Centre
3744:D'Auria, Peter (17 April 2017).
3279:
3255:
3049:Harvey, Brian (10 August 2007).
2693:10.1111/j.1467-954x.2009.01821.x
2502:European Space Operations Centre
2472:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
2450:
2436:
2422:
1679:
1654:
1639:
1620:
1604:
1589:
1473:Soyuz at the Guiana Space Centre
1183:
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177:
3871:
3845:
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3763:
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3562:
3536:
3517:Wall, Mike (21 December 2022).
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2864:
2854:"Pad List - World Launch Sites"
2846:
2795:
2773:
2514:European Space Tracking Network
2496:European Space Astronomy Centre
2383:
1667:lifts off from Kourou with the
1428:in the Roche Christine site at
6823:Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer
4782:
2737:
2610:
2585:
2559:
2533:
2396:
2043:launched on its maiden flight.
1790:Earth imaging satellite, four
1379:. This facility is located at
1372:Ensemble de Lancement Ariane-3
1296:Ensemble de Lancement Ariane-2
13:
1:
9043:1968 establishments in France
9028:Rocket launch sites in France
3666:Henry, Caleb (27 July 2018).
3191:(in French). 15 December 2022
2573:(in French). 15 December 2022
2526:
2467:3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment
1698:3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment
1024:
7058:Public-sector space agencies
4015:– information from StratoCat
3569:Dinner, Josh (5 July 2023).
3490:"Launch Countdown Webb/NASA"
1748:Satellite twice as powerful
1514:for launching Russian-built
1480:Ensemble de Lancement Soyouz
1469:Ensemble de Lancement Soyouz
1249:Ensemble de Lancement Ariane
1158:geostationary transfer orbit
1017:leaders in the midst of the
7:
4938:Japanese private launches:
3358:"Follow Ariane launch live"
3213:. Arianespace. 28 July 2008
2415:
1579:
1289:An Ariane 4 rocket at ELA-2
904:GPX (secondary coordinates)
10:
9059:
6893:Mars sample return mission
6713:European Data Relay System
6393:Meteosat Second Generation
6306:James Webb Space Telescope
6168:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
5850:European Data Relay System
5824:Concurrent Design Facility
4836:Chinese private launches:
4701:Automated Transfer Vehicle
4019:Arianespace mission status
3917:10.1177/030631270203200508
2260:Flights by mission outcome
1974:James Webb Space Telescope
1730:10 March 1970 – The first
1669:James Webb Space Telescope
1466:
1424:ELA4 is located along the
1417:
1362:
1274:Ensemble de Lancement Vega
1187:
993:
183:Map of Guiana Space Centre
8968:
8885:
8761:
8719:
8577:
8155:
8037:
8030:
7843:
7760:
7684:
7516:
7457:
7441:
7434:
7309:
7195:
7188:
7094:
7071:
7064:
6966:
6931:
6793:
6722:
6652:
6584:
6516:Meteosat Third Generation
6375:Meteosat First Generation
6361:
6210:
6105:
6056:
6049:
6036:
6024:Planetary Science Archive
5991:
5970:
5858:
5837:
5809:European Astronaut Centre
5786:
5758:
5735:
5731:
5509:
5386:
5364:
5314:
5233:
5134:
5052:
4797:
4790:
4718:
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4533:
4452:
4409:
4368:
4323:
4312:
4274:
4258:
4242:
4235:
4174:
4113:
4062:
3905:Social Studies of Science
3084:30 September 2008 at the
3012:. CNES. 28 September 2021
2478:European Astronaut Centre
2028:from France and Germany (
1930:SaudiGeosat-1/HellasSat-4
1922:Geostationary Satellite
1252:). Redesignated later as
1202:
899:GPX (primary coordinates)
874:Map all coordinates using
846:
833:
825:
817:
809:
778:
761:
744:
736:
728:
720:
697:
680:
663:
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155:
137:
123:
113:
99:
89:
71:
66:
55:
46:
37:
2781:"Ariane 5 - Arianespace"
2665:26 November 2012 at the
2376:Encyclopedia Aeronautica
1992:Airbus Defence and Space
1809:, which was designed in
1696:forces, assisted by the
1548:On 21 October 2011, two
1413:
1358:
1280:
1241:Europa-II launch vehicle
882:Download coordinates as:
9033:Space program of France
5935:Living Planet Programme
5794:Space Operations Centre
5645:Soviet Union / Russia:
4566:Safran Aircraft Engines
3692:European Space Agency.
2681:The Sociological Review
2364:List of Ariane launches
2036:) as its final mission.
1805:13 February 2012 – The
1571:Final assembly building
1550:Galileo IOV-1 and IOV-2
1059:final assembly building
920:Centre spatial guyanais
130:Philippe Lier, Director
40:Centre spatial guyanais
6246:Hubble Space Telescope
5814:Space Astronomy Centre
4229:Ariane (rocket family)
4009:– information from ESA
3380:4 January 2016 at the
3364:. CNES. 23 April 2015.
3052:Space Exploration 2007
2990:. ESA. 5 November 2021
1479:
1371:
1295:
1290:
1273:
1248:
1208:), the pad located at
969:. The private company
919:
693:/ Heinrich Hertz)
208:
77:; 60 years ago
39:
9013:European Space Agency
6043:Projects and missions
5725:European Space Agency
4897:Shahroud Space Center
4622:European Space Agency
2490:European Space Agency
2341: Partial Failure
2054:As of 10 October 2023
1702:French Foreign Legion
1555:On 26 February 2022,
1288:
1239:was designed for the
967:European Space Agency
894:GPX (all coordinates)
202:
161:centrespatialguyanais
119:7,500 indirect (2011)
8980:Soviet space program
6643:European Robotic Arm
6487:Sentinel-5 Precursor
5366:International waters
4100:(under construction)
4080:ELA-1 / ELV / CECLES
4005:15 June 2012 at the
3694:"Europe's Spaceport"
2949:"Europe's spaceport"
2660:"Europe's Spaceport"
2593:"Europe's Spaceport"
2520:French space program
2444:South America portal
1882:28 January 2017 – A
1775:21 October 2011 – A
1719:geosynchronous orbit
1671:on 25 December 2021.
1447:5.26258°N 52.79074°W
1338:, the pad hosted an
1196:Base Équatoriale du
934:to the northwest of
94:Government of France
9008:Guiana Space Centre
8130:Guiana Space Centre
6968:Future missions in
6014:European Space Camp
5745:Guiana Space Centre
5337:Barreira do Inferno
5042:Dombarovsky / Yasny
4842:Wenchang Commercial
4331:Guiana Space Centre
4056:Guiana Space Centre
3398:1 November 2014 at
3239:on 25 January 2008.
3173:. 26 February 2022.
3036:14 May 2015 at the
2860:on 22 October 2009.
2064:Flights by launcher
1902:Ariane flight VA241
1766:Indian subcontinent
1528:Baikonur Cosmodrome
1498: /
1477:ESA has built ELS (
1443: /
1394: /
1314: /
1223: /
1160:(GTO), such as the
1123:geostationary orbit
916:Guiana Space Centre
842:(multiple payloads)
319:ALFS launch history
244: /
219:
218:Guiana Space Centre
117:1,700 direct (2020)
34:
33:Guiana Space Centre
18:Guiana Space Center
6818:Ceres Polar Lander
6653:Telecommunications
5516:Algeria / France:
5148:Cape Canaveral SFS
5124:Spaceport Cornwall
4000:Europe's Spaceport
3151:on 25 October 2011
2828:"EUROPA II (1971)"
2643:1 May 2016 at the
2430:Spaceflight portal
1694:French Gendarmerie
1688:, a branch of the
1686:Paris Fire Brigade
1463:ELS / Soyuz at CSG
1452:5.26258; -52.79074
1291:
1256:, it was used for
1044:launch pad in 2017
1015:indigenous peoples
928:Europe's Spaceport
372:ALD launch history
217:
209:
75:14 April 1964
32:
8995:
8994:
8715:
8714:
8026:
8025:
7430:
7429:
7312:and the Caribbean
7184:
7183:
7024:
7023:
6962:
6961:
6580:
6579:
6362:Earth observation
6192:Comet Interceptor
6183:Rosalind Franklin
6155:Trace Gas Orbiter
6106:Planetary science
6032:
6031:
5945:Science Programme
5691:
5690:
5401:Kulasekharapatnam
5382:
5381:
5218:Spaceport America
4750:
4749:
4714:
4713:
4635:
4634:
4310:
4309:
4195:
4194:
3597:"Launch schedule"
3422:. 20 October 2018
3298:Rosenberg, Zach.
3062:978-0-387-48758-8
2618:"CNES FACILITIES"
2048:Launch statistics
1875:6 October 2016 –
1860:1 October 2015 –
1426:Route de l'Espace
1271:and renamed ELV (
869:
868:
865:
864:
834:First launch
805:
804:
745:First launch
716:
715:
664:First launch
635:
634:
579:First launch
550:
549:
480:First launch
451:
450:
409:27 September 1975
393:First launch
367:
366:
340:First launch
248:5.169°N 52.6903°W
215:
214:
16:(Redirected from
9050:
8978:Preceded by the
8958:
8957:
8956:
8946:
8945:
8944:
8934:
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7625:
7624:
7614:
7613:
7612:
7602:
7601:
7600:
7583:
7582:
7581:
7529:
7528:
7527:
7506:
7505:
7504:
7482:
7481:
7480:
7470:
7469:
7468:
7439:
7438:
7413:
7412:
7411:
7401:
7400:
7399:
7372:
7371:
7370:
7360:
7359:
7358:
7348:
7347:
7346:
7336:
7335:
7334:
7324:
7323:
7322:
7299:
7298:
7297:
7287:
7286:
7285:
7275:
7274:
7273:
7263:
7262:
7261:
7251:
7250:
7249:
7232:
7231:
7230:
7220:
7219:
7218:
7208:
7207:
7206:
7193:
7192:
7174:
7173:
7172:
7162:
7161:
7160:
7150:
7149:
7148:
7138:
7137:
7136:
7119:
7118:
7117:
7107:
7106:
7105:
7069:
7068:
7051:
7044:
7037:
7028:
7027:
7014:
7013:
7002:
6990:
6989:
6978:
6977:
6954:Schiaparelli EDM
6813:Calathus Mission
6637:Georges Lemaître
6595:ISS contribution
6054:
6053:
6038:
6037:
5733:
5732:
5718:
5711:
5704:
5695:
5694:
5670:
5635:Broglio, Malindi
5580:Greifswalder Oie
5572:
5499:
5460:
5439:United Kingdom:
5435:Spaceport Sweden
5304:Reagan Test Site
5297:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5120:United Kingdom:
5114:
4954:
4919:
4807:
4795:
4794:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4754:
4753:
4738:
4737:
4726:
4725:
4644:
4643:
4562:
4538:
4537:
4417:List of launches
4339:
4318:
4240:
4239:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4199:
4198:
4152:
4101:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4026:
4025:
3995:Soyouz in Guiana
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:Official website
3970:
3969:
3959:
3957:10.5334/ijc.1284
3935:
3929:
3928:
3911:(5–6): 791–825.
3900:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3782:on 2 August 2022
3778:. Archived from
3776:Global Americans
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3741:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3663:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3644:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3504:"MTG-I1 Liftoff"
3500:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3444:. 14 August 2020
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3412:
3406:
3390:
3384:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3295:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3147:. Archived from
3136:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3094:
3088:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3046:
3040:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2937:on 30 June 2019.
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2882:on 12 March 2013
2868:
2862:
2861:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2834:. 21 August 2019
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2764:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2676:
2670:
2657:
2648:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2624:. 23 April 2015.
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2537:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2357:sounding rockets
2349:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2326:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2237:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2171:
2164:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2138:
2131:
1990:satellites from
1800:Chilean military
1658:
1643:
1634:on 23 June 2015.
1624:
1608:
1593:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1502:5.305°N 52.834°W
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1482:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1398:5.239°N 52.768°W
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1374:
1351:in favor of the
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1318:5.232°N 52.776°W
1315:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1298:
1276:
1251:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1227:5.236°N 52.775°W
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1207:
1179:
1175:
1166:Ariane 5 rockets
1142:angular momentum
1138:Earth's rotation
1098:
1083:
1068:
1053:
1038:
807:
806:
798:
792:
765:10 February 2022
762:Last launch
718:
717:
691:Syracuse 4B
681:Last launch
637:
636:
595:15 February 2003
592:Last launch
552:
551:
500:5 September 2024
497:Last launch
453:
452:
406:Last launch
369:
368:
362:Sounding rockets
348:Last launch
316:
315:
259:
258:
256:
255:
254:
249:
245:
242:
241:
240:
237:
220:
216:
203:Detailed map of
181:
167:
164:
162:
124:Agency executive
85:
83:
78:
60:
51:
42:
35:
31:
21:
9058:
9057:
9053:
9052:
9051:
9049:
9048:
9047:
8998:
8997:
8996:
8991:
8964:
8954:
8952:
8942:
8940:
8930:
8928:
8918:
8916:
8906:
8904:
8894:
8892:
8881:
8871:
8869:
8859:
8857:
8847:
8845:
8757:
8747:
8745:
8728:
8726:
8711:
8701:
8699:
8689:
8687:
8670:
8668:
8658:
8656:
8634:
8632:
8622:
8620:
8610:
8608:
8598:
8596:
8586:
8584:
8573:
8563:
8561:
8551:
8549:
8539:
8537:
8525:
8523:
8513:
8511:
8501:
8499:
8489:
8487:
8450:
8448:
8438:
8436:
8426:
8424:
8414:
8412:
8402:
8400:
8390:
8388:
8378:
8376:
8366:
8364:
8354:
8352:
8342:
8340:
8323:
8321:
8311:
8309:
8299:
8297:
8287:
8285:
8275:
8273:
8263:
8261:
8244:
8242:
8232:
8230:
8220:
8218:
8208:
8206:
8196:
8194:
8182:
8180:
8170:
8168:
8151:
8077:
8075:
8022:
8007:
8005:
7988:
7986:
7969:
7967:
7950:
7948:
7931:
7929:
7912:
7910:
7900:
7898:
7888:
7886:
7876:
7874:
7864:
7862:
7852:
7850:
7839:
7829:
7827:
7817:
7815:
7805:
7803:
7793:
7791:
7781:
7779:
7769:
7767:
7756:
7746:
7744:
7734:
7732:
7705:
7703:
7693:
7691:
7680:
7670:
7668:
7658:
7656:
7634:
7632:
7622:
7620:
7610:
7608:
7598:
7596:
7579:
7577:
7525:
7523:
7512:
7502:
7500:
7478:
7476:
7466:
7464:
7453:
7426:
7409:
7407:
7397:
7395:
7368:
7366:
7356:
7354:
7344:
7342:
7332:
7330:
7320:
7318:
7311:
7305:
7295:
7293:
7283:
7281:
7271:
7269:
7259:
7257:
7247:
7245:
7228:
7226:
7216:
7214:
7204:
7202:
7180:
7170:
7168:
7158:
7156:
7146:
7144:
7134:
7132:
7115:
7113:
7103:
7101:
7090:
7073:
7060:
7055:
7025:
7020:
6958:
6927:
6795:
6789:
6770:LISA Pathfinder
6727:
6725:
6718:
6648:
6631:Albert Einstein
6619:Johannes Kepler
6576:
6357:
6215:
6213:
6206:
6101:
6045:
6028:
5987:
5966:
5854:
5833:
5782:
5760:Launch vehicles
5754:
5727:
5722:
5692:
5687:
5668:
5633:Kenya / Italy:
5608:Salto di Quirra
5570:
5505:
5497:
5470:Clinton-Sherman
5458:
5378:
5360:
5354:Guiana / Kourou
5310:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5272:Mahia Peninsula
5254:Southern Launch
5229:
5223:SpaceX Starbase
5130:
5112:
5048:
4952:
4917:
4805:
4786:
4781:
4751:
4746:
4710:
4689:
4658:
4631:
4610:
4598:Launch provider
4592:
4560:
4529:
4448:
4405:
4364:
4333:
4319:
4306:
4270:
4254:
4231:
4226:
4196:
4191:
4170:
4150:
4109:
4099:
4058:
4053:
4007:Wayback Machine
3989:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3974:
3973:
3936:
3932:
3901:
3897:
3887:
3885:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3862:
3860:
3859:. 21 March 2017
3851:
3850:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3824:
3820:
3810:
3808:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3768:
3764:
3754:
3752:
3742:
3735:
3725:
3723:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3699:
3697:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3674:
3664:
3657:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3605:
3603:
3601:Spaceflight Now
3593:
3589:
3579:
3577:
3567:
3563:
3553:
3551:
3549:NASASpaceFlight
3541:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3515:
3511:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3473:
3471:
3461:
3457:
3447:
3445:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3423:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3391:
3387:
3382:Wayback Machine
3373:
3369:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3296:
3292:
3280:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3256:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3152:
3137:
3133:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3086:Wayback Machine
3075:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3047:
3043:
3038:Wayback Machine
3029:
3025:
3015:
3013:
3008:
3007:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2908:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2885:
2883:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2748:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2677:
2673:
2667:Wayback Machine
2658:
2651:
2645:Wayback Machine
2636:
2629:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2601:
2599:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2576:
2574:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2442:
2437:
2435:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2399:
2386:
2381:
2351:
2348: Scheduled
2345:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2246:
2245:
2235:
2234:
2224:
2223:
2213:
2212:
2202:
2201:
2191:
2190:
2180:
2179:
2169:
2168:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2066:
2050:
1981:Meteosat MTG-I1
1928:(also known as
1815:pico-satellites
1741:
1739:Recent launches
1727:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1659:
1650:
1644:
1635:
1625:
1616:
1609:
1600:
1594:
1582:
1573:
1565:Stephane Israël
1563:. According to
1506:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1475:
1467:Main articles:
1465:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1422:
1416:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1367:
1361:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1293:The ELA-2 pad (
1283:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1206:Equatorial Base
1192:
1186:
1177:
1173:
1170:low Earth orbit
1119:near-equatorial
1111:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:station antenna
1099:
1090:
1084:
1075:
1069:
1060:
1054:
1045:
1039:
1027:
996:
944:overseas region
926:), also called
912:
911:
910:
909:
908:
861:
848:
838:
801:
794:
788:
780:
766:
749:
748:21 October 2011
712:
699:
685:
668:
631:
610:
596:
583:
546:
515:
501:
484:
483:5 November 1971
447:
420:
410:
397:
357:
253:5.169; -52.6903
252:
250:
246:
243:
238:
235:
233:
231:
230:
211:
210:
196:
184:
159:
133:
118:
81:
79:
76:
67:Agency overview
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9056:
9046:
9045:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9025:
9020:
9015:
9010:
8993:
8992:
8990:
8989:
8982:
8976:
8969:
8966:
8965:
8963:
8962:
8950:
8938:
8926:
8914:
8902:
8889:
8887:
8883:
8882:
8880:
8879:
8867:
8855:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8787:
8786:
8776:
8771:
8765:
8763:
8759:
8758:
8756:
8755:
8743:
8742:
8741:
8723:
8721:
8717:
8716:
8713:
8712:
8710:
8709:
8697:
8685:
8684:
8683:
8666:
8654:
8653:
8652:
8647:
8630:
8618:
8606:
8594:
8581:
8579:
8575:
8574:
8572:
8571:
8559:
8547:
8535:
8534:
8533:
8509:
8497:
8485:
8484:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8446:
8434:
8422:
8410:
8398:
8386:
8374:
8362:
8350:
8338:
8337:
8336:
8319:
8307:
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5992:Related topics
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3977:External links
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3950:(1): 481–491.
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3832:New York Times
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3722:. 5 April 2017
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3302:. FlightGlobal
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3189:Guyane la 1ère
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2872:"Vega Liftoff"
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2547:. 21 July 2022
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2039:9 July 2024 –
2037:
2034:Heinrich Hertz
2022:
2007:Galilean moons
1995:
1984:
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1967:SEOSat-Ingenio
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1939:satellite for
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1888:Hispasat 36W-1
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1725:Early launches
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1715:Devil's Island
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1539:European Union
1507:5.305; -52.834
1464:
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1418:Main article:
1415:
1412:
1403:5.239; -52.768
1363:Main article:
1360:
1357:
1323:5.232; -52.776
1299:), located at
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1262:Ariane 2 and 3
1232:5.236; -52.775
1188:Main article:
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813:launch history
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6212:Astronomy and
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6147:Venus Express
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6088:Solar Orbiter
6086:
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6068:
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6062:
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6059:
6057:Solar physics
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5955:Cosmic Vision
5953:
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5663:El Arenosillo
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5639:North Korea:
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5315:South America
5313:
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5265:New Zealand:
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5135:United States
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5102:El Arenosillo
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5009:
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5000:
4997:South Korea:
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4984:North Korea:
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4854:Satish Dhawan
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4541:Manufacturing
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3324:. Arianespace
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3286:public domain
3277:. NASA NSSDC.
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3253:. NASA NSSDC.
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3100:. SpaceDaily.
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2783:. Arianespace
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2458:France portal
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2359:are excluded.
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2334: Failure
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2327: Success
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2128:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:
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1910:
1906:
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1878:
1877:Sky Muster II
1874:
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1779:carrying two
1778:
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1716:
1712:
1711:
1710:Îles du Salut
1705:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1680:Launch safety
1670:
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1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1236:
1205:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1184:BEC/ELA-1/ELV
1181:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
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985:
981:
977:
972:
968:
964:
959:
957:
953:
952:South America
949:
945:
941:
940:French Guiana
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
884:
883:
878:
877:OpenStreetMap
875:
858:
857:Ariane 6
854:
853:
851:
845:
841:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
797:
791:
786:
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769:
764:
760:
756:
752:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
709:
708:Ariane 5
705:
704:
702:
696:
692:
688:
683:
679:
675:
671:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
628:
627:Ariane 4
624:
623:Ariane 3
620:
619:Ariane 2
616:
615:
613:
607:
603:
599:
594:
590:
586:
582:28 March 1986
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
543:
539:
538:Ariane 3
535:
534:Ariane 2
531:
530:Ariane 1
527:
525:
521:
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518:
512:
508:
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425:
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417:
413:
408:
404:
401:(Mika / Wika)
400:
396:10 March 1970
395:
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338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
313:
310:10 March 1970
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
288:
286:Launch pad(s)
284:
280:
276:
273:
269:
266:
262:
257:
229:
225:
221:
206:
205:Carbet Toukan
201:
191:
187:
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158:
154:
151:
147:
143:
140:
138:Parent agency
136:
129:
128:
126:
122:
116:
112:
109:
108:French Guiana
105:
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
74:
70:
65:
59:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
8984:Preceded by
8836:Intersputnik
8681:TÜBİTAK UZAY
8142:EUTELSAT IGO
8129:
8038:Pan-European
7999:TÜBİTAK UZAY
7458:Central Asia
7074:and pan-Arab
7003:
6992:
6979:
6969:
6878:Lunar Lander
6796:and proposed
6781:
6568:
6560:
6552:
6544:
6536:
6528:
6520:
6514:
6506:
6498:
6349:
6341:
6333:
6325:
6317:
6198:
6190:
6182:
6173:
6154:
6131:Mars Express
6093:
5971:Predecessors
5950:Horizon 2000
5744:
5554:Resolute Bay
5353:
5141:Government:
5084:Kapustin Yar
4920:government:
4808:government:
4739:
4727:
4578:MT Aerospace
4558:Aérospatiale
4553:Airbus Space
4330:
4324:Launch sites
4145:
4094:
4063:Launch sites
4055:
3947:
3943:
3933:
3908:
3904:
3898:
3886:. Retrieved
3882:
3873:
3861:. Retrieved
3856:
3847:
3835:. Retrieved
3831:
3821:
3809:. Retrieved
3805:
3796:
3784:. Retrieved
3780:the original
3775:
3765:
3753:. Retrieved
3749:
3724:. Retrieved
3719:
3710:
3698:. Retrieved
3687:
3675:. Retrieved
3671:
3646:. Retrieved
3634:
3625:
3616:
3604:. Retrieved
3600:
3590:
3578:. Retrieved
3574:
3564:
3552:. Retrieved
3548:
3538:
3526:. Retrieved
3522:
3512:
3498:
3484:
3472:. Retrieved
3468:
3458:
3446:. Retrieved
3436:
3424:. Retrieved
3419:
3410:
3402:
3388:
3370:
3361:
3352:
3338:
3326:. Retrieved
3316:
3304:. Retrieved
3293:
3269:
3245:
3237:the original
3227:
3215:. Retrieved
3205:
3193:. Retrieved
3188:
3179:
3165:
3153:. Retrieved
3149:the original
3144:
3134:
3120:
3106:
3092:
3071:
3051:
3044:
3026:
3014:. Retrieved
3004:
2992:. Retrieved
2982:
2970:. Retrieved
2957:
2943:
2935:the original
2921:
2909:. Retrieved
2896:
2886:12 September
2884:. Retrieved
2880:the original
2875:
2866:
2858:the original
2848:
2836:. Retrieved
2822:
2810:. Retrieved
2806:
2797:
2785:. Retrieved
2775:
2749:. Retrieved
2739:
2727:. Retrieved
2717:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2621:
2612:
2600:. Retrieved
2596:
2587:
2575:. Retrieved
2570:
2561:
2549:. Retrieved
2544:
2535:
2400:
2391:
2387:
2384:Local impact
2322:
2159:
2126:
2058:
2053:
2033:
1988:Pléiades Neo
1987:
1937:Falcon Eye 1
1929:
1923:
1895:Sky Brasil 1
1866:Ariane 5 ECA
1762:Central Asia
1708:
1706:
1683:
1665:flight VA256
1574:
1554:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1520:
1476:
1425:
1423:
1368:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1292:
1266:
1253:
1245:
1195:
1193:
1154:
1135:
1131:
1112:
1012:
997:
960:
927:
923:
915:
913:
881:
880:
873:
602:Intelsat 907
307:First launch
204:
195:Detailed map
100:Headquarters
90:Jurisdiction
29:
8986:Interkosmos
8960:Interkosmos
8066:Eurocontrol
7716:Antrix Corp
7072:Pan-African
7016:WikiProject
6888:MarcoPolo-R
6838:Don Quijote
6808:Ariane 5 ME
6772:(2015–2017)
6702:Galileo FOC
6696:Galileo IOV
6668:(1989–1993)
6607:Jules Verne
6588:spaceflight
6419:(2009–2013)
6407:(2003–2007)
6405:Double Star
6401:(2002–2012)
6389:(1995–2011)
6383:(1991–2000)
6377:(1977–1997)
6290:(2009–2013)
6284:(2009–2013)
6260:(1995–1998)
6242:(1989–1993)
6236:(1983–1986)
6230:(1978–1996)
6224:(1975–1982)
6162:BepiColombo
6149:(2005–2014)
6143:(2004–2016)
6127:(2003–2006)
6121:(1997–2005)
6115:(1985–1992)
6084:(2000–2024)
6072:(1990–2009)
6066:(1977–1987)
5999:Arianespace
5536:Australia:
5405:Indonesia:
5240:Australia:
4978:Sary Shagan
4927:Tanegashima
4872:Pameungpeuk
4865:Indonesia:
4675:Ariane 5 ME
4606:Arianespace
4548:ArianeGroup
4266:Ariane Next
3990:(in French)
3626:cnes-csg.fr
3076:(in French)
2931:Arianespace
2906:Arianespace
2407:imperialism
2403:colonialism
2397:Colonialism
2030:Syracuse 4B
1911:mission to
1909:BepiColombo
1884:Soyuz-2 STB
1758:Middle East
1690:French Army
1628:Sentinel-2A
1505: /
1450: /
1401: /
1321: /
1269:Vega rocket
1230: /
1180:kg to GTO.
1146:inclination
1074:pad in 2019
1010:launchers.
976:ArianeGroup
971:Arianespace
837:9 July 2024
787:Suspended:
684:5 July 2023
667:4 June 1996
507:Sentinel-2C
457:ELA-1 / ELV
412:Diamant BP4
268:Arianespace
251: /
227:Coordinates
9018:Spaceports
9002:Categories
8972:See also:
7685:South Asia
7289:USSPACECOM
6903:Phootprint
6883:Marco Polo
6724:Technology
6554:MetOp-SG-B
6546:MetOp-SG-A
6522:Sentinel-4
6493:ADM-Aeolus
6473:Sentinel-3
6455:Sentinel-2
6441:Sentinel-1
6369:Copernicus
6264:XMM-Newton
6082:Cluster II
5888:Copernicus
5859:Programmes
5787:Facilities
5737:Spaceports
5585:Peenemünde
5549:Hall Beach
5510:Historical
5451:Sutherland
5374:Sea Launch
5347:/ France:
5267:Rocket Lab
5198:Corn Ranch
5188:Poker Flat
5184:Academic:
5010:Pakistan:
4955:/ Russia:
4951:Kazakhstan
4784:Spaceports
4741:Multimedia
3672:Space News
3606:28 October
3426:20 October
3217:12 January
3155:24 October
3016:9 November
2994:9 November
2988:"Ariane 6"
2972:9 November
2602:13 January
2545:Space News
2527:References
2410:into space
1862:Sky Muster
1788:Pleiades 1
1630:launch on
1532:equatorial
1493:52°50′02″W
1438:52°47′27″W
1389:52°46′05″W
1309:52°46′34″W
1218:52°46′30″W
1201:(English:
1025:Facilities
956:equatorial
847:Associated
796:Soyuz ST-B
790:Soyuz ST-A
779:Associated
772:OneWeb L13
768:Soyuz ST-B
751:Soyuz ST-B
698:Associated
609:Associated
514:Associated
419:Associated
356:Associated
239:52°41′25″W
82:1964-04-14
8640:Roscosmos
8628:KazCosmos
8592:ArmCosmos
8293:DTU Space
8255:BIRA-IASB
8202:EU SatCen
7961:KACST-SRI
7858:ArmCosmos
7844:West Asia
7517:East Asia
7484:Roscosmos
7472:KazCosmos
7442:Pan-Asian
6944:CryoSat-1
6918:STE-QUEST
6853:Eddington
6843:e.Deorbit
6794:Cancelled
6666:Olympus-1
6508:EarthCARE
6429:CryoSat-2
6278:(2006–13)
6254:(1992–93)
6240:Hipparcos
6214:cosmology
5672:Kronogård
5573:Germany:
5544:Churchill
5538:Carnarvon
5525:Hammaguir
5501:El Hierro
5480:Ellington
5332:Alcântara
5194:Private:
5030:Vostochny
5025:Roscosmos
4957:Roscosmos
4940:Space One
4932:Uchinoura
4910:Palmachim
4663:Cancelled
4647:Proposals
4442:2020–2029
4437:2010–2019
4432:2000–2009
4427:1990–1999
4422:1979–1989
3966:1875-0281
3925:0306-3127
3806:AlJazeera
3575:Space.com
3523:Space.com
3469:Space.com
3448:17 August
3420:space.com
3403:The Hindu
3346:. News24.
3328:11 August
3306:11 August
3195:8 January
2812:23 August
2787:23 August
2709:142643666
2701:0038-0261
2577:8 January
2516:(ESTRACK)
1956:Galaxy-30
1848:Argentina
1732:Diamant-B
1557:Roscosmos
1523:Sinnamary
1490:5°18′18″N
1435:5°15′45″N
1386:5°14′20″N
1306:5°13′55″N
1215:5°14′10″N
1127:latitudes
1004:Hammaguir
932:spaceport
918:(French:
855:Current:
706:Retired:
617:Retired:
587:(GStar-2)
528:Retired:
522:Current:
486:Europa II
427:Retired:
399:Diamant B
236:5°10′08″N
114:Employees
8865:UNCOPUOS
8176:DG DEFIS
8137:EUMETSAT
7189:Americas
7095:National
7005:Wikinews
6981:Category
6601:Columbus
6525:) (2024)
6335:ARRAKIHS
6288:Herschel
6270:INTEGRAL
6200:EnVision
6153:ExoMars
6009:EUMETSAT
5900:Columbus
5893:Sentinel
5773:Ariane 6
5768:Ariane 5
5657:Svobodny
5619:Nii-jima
5602:Balasore
5594:Greece:
5542:Canada:
5475:Colorado
5461:States:
5446:SaxaVord
5433:Sweden:
5427:Hokkaido
5393:Canada:
5387:Proposed
5343:Europe:
5321:Brazil:
5278:Marshall
5259:Koonibba
5108:Sweden:
5089:Plesetsk
5077:Russia:
5059:Norway:
5023:Russia:
5017:Sonmiani
4966:Baikonur
4916:Japanese
4903:Israel:
4825:Wenchang
4729:Category
4561:(merged)
4410:Launches
4302:Ariane 5
4297:Ariane 4
4292:Ariane 3
4287:Ariane 2
4282:Ariane 1
4250:Ariane 6
4166:Soyuz-ST
4151:(future)
4147:Ariane 6
4141:Ariane 5
4136:Ariane 4
4131:Ariane 3
4126:Ariane 2
4121:Ariane 1
4003:Archived
3888:16 March
3883:Phys Org
3863:15 March
3857:BBC News
3837:16 March
3811:16 March
3786:15 March
3755:16 March
3726:16 March
3720:La Croix
3700:16 March
3677:15 March
3648:16 March
3554:14 April
3396:Archived
3378:Archived
3082:Archived
3034:Archived
2761:cite web
2663:Archived
2641:Archived
2551:2 August
2416:See also
2368:Soyuz ST
2251:Soyuz ST
2240:Ariane 5
2229:Ariane 4
2218:Ariane 3
2207:Ariane 2
2196:Ariane 1
2185:Europa 2
2160:Retired:
2141:Ariane 6
2041:Ariane 6
2015:Callisto
2011:Ganymede
1872:program.
1837:Ariane 5
1662:Ariane 5
1613:Ariane 5
1597:Ariane 4
1580:Launches
1377:Ariane 5
1353:Ariane 5
1349:Ariane 4
1344:Ariane-3
1342:and two
1340:Ariane-2
1336:Ariane 4
1332:Ariane 4
1258:Ariane 1
1140:and the
1072:Ariane 6
1057:Ariane 5
986:for the
980:Ariane 6
978:for the
840:Ariane 6
826:Launches
737:Launches
732:Inactive
687:Ariane 5
670:Ariane 5
656:Launches
651:Inactive
598:Ariane 4
585:Ariane 3
571:Launches
566:Inactive
472:Launches
443:Spectrum
433:Future:
385:Launches
380:Inactive
332:Launches
327:Inactive
264:Operator
8826:ISS MCB
8720:Oceania
8495:PTSPACE
8461:CBK PAN
8123:ESTRACK
8049:CENELEC
7752:SUPARCO
7699:SPARRSO
7536:SASTIND
7253:FAA/AST
7086:Arabsat
6993:Commons
6970:italics
6939:Cluster
6923:THESEUS
6908:SOLARIS
6783:PROBA-3
6776:OPS-SAT
6758:PROBA-V
6752:PROBA-2
6740:PROBA-1
6690:HYLAS-1
6684:GIOVE-B
6678:GIOVE-A
6672:Artemis
6500:Biomass
6399:Envisat
6338:(2030s)
6137:Rosetta
6125:SMART-1
6119:Huygens
6070:Ulysses
6050:Science
5925:ExoMars
5915:GALILEO
5905:CryoSat
5866:Artemis
5845:ESTRACK
5750:Esrange
5678:Edwards
5667:Sweden:
5661:Spain:
5652:Okhotsk
5641:Tonghae
5612:Japan:
5606:Italy:
5600:India:
5560:Guangde
5558:China:
5530:Reggane
5490:Midland
5418:Japan:
5399:India:
5294:States:
5282:Islands
5247:Woomera
5234:Oceania
5203:Pacific
5178:Wallops
5173:Kennedy
5116:Esrange
5095:Spain:
5071:SvalRak
5012:SUPARCO
4847:India:
4830:Xichang
4820:Taiyuan
4815:Jiuquan
4804:Chinese
4694:Retired
4670:Adeline
4640:Related
4615:Related
4453:Flights
4396:Vulcain
4369:Engines
4275:Retired
4243:Current
4236:Rockets
4175:Related
4114:Rockets
2911:5 March
2876:ESA.int
2838:5 March
2729:5 April
2622:CNES.fr
2597:ESA.int
2510:(ESTEC)
2486:(ECSAT)
2474:(ESRIN)
2249:
2238:
2227:
2216:
2205:
2194:
2183:
2174:Diamant
2172:
2150:
2139:
2127:Active:
2003:Jupiter
1963:TARANIS
1952:BSAT-4b
1913:Mercury
1855:ARSAT-2
1844:ARSAT-1
1781:Galileo
1777:Soyuz-2
1750:Singtel
1700:of the
1516:Soyuz-2
1369:ELA-3 (
1115:equator
1103:ESTRACK
1101:Kourou
1087:Soyuz-2
994:History
930:, is a
849:rockets
781:rockets
755:Galileo
700:rockets
674:Cluster
611:rockets
516:rockets
439:RFA One
435:Miura 5
429:Diamant
421:rockets
358:rockets
156:Website
80: (
8886:Former
8877:UNOOSA
8779:COSPAR
8250:BELSPO
8031:Europe
7823:GISTDA
7799:PhilSA
7664:SaTReC
7566:PLAASF
7234:NESDIS
7164:NASRDA
7081:RASCOM
7065:Africa
6949:GEOS 1
6932:Failed
6898:ODINUS
6868:Hopper
6863:Hermes
6858:EXPERT
6786:(2024)
6766:(2015)
6748:(2007)
6736:(1998)
6662:(1978)
6660:GEOS 2
6645:(2021)
6639:(2014)
6633:(2013)
6627:(2012)
6621:(2011)
6613:Cupola
6609:(2008)
6573:(2027)
6565:(2025)
6557:(2025)
6549:(2025)
6541:(2025)
6533:(2025)
6530:ALTIUS
6511:(2024)
6503:(2024)
6354:(2035)
6346:(2035)
6343:Athena
6330:(2029)
6322:(2026)
6312:Euclid
6300:CHEOPS
6282:Planck
6252:Eureca
6234:EXOSAT
6203:(2031)
6195:(2029)
6187:(2028)
6178:(2024)
6170:(2023)
6141:Philae
6113:Giotto
6098:(2031)
6064:ISEE-2
5878:Aurora
5669:
5647:Kheysa
5624:Obachi
5596:Koroni
5575:Blizna
5571:
5565:Nanhui
5498:
5496:Spain:
5459:
5457:United
5296:
5292:
5290:United
5288:
5284:
5280:
5213:Mojave
5113:
5066:Andøya
5053:Europe
4953:
4918:
4885:Semnan
4878:Iran:
4859:Thumba
4806:
4791:Active
4706:Europa
4685:Hermes
4386:Viking
4376:Aestus
4336:Kourou
4156:Europa
3964:
3923:
3750:Quartz
3580:6 July
3528:6 July
3474:6 July
3059:
2951:. ESA.
2751:24 May
2707:
2699:
2504:(ESOC)
2498:(ESAC)
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2247:
2236:
2225:
2214:
2203:
2192:
2181:
2170:
2163:
2148:
2137:
2130:
2019:Europa
2017:, and
1954:, and
1829:GSAT-7
1198:CECLES
1178:
1174:
1162:Proton
1008:Ariane
948:France
936:Kourou
821:Active
818:Status
729:Status
648:Status
563:Status
467:Active
464:Status
414:(Aura)
377:Status
324:Status
302:Active
299:Status
104:Kourou
72:Formed
8936:NASDA
8853:ITU-R
8841:ODCWG
8821:ISECG
8811:ICSMD
8769:CCSDS
8762:World
8739:CSIRO
8578:Other
8471:KRRiT
8456:POLSA
8226:BEREC
8188:EUSPA
8108:ECSAT
8103:ESRIN
8093:ESTEC
8017:MBRSC
8013:UAESA
7906:NEHSA
7894:IRIAF
7775:LAPAN
7571:CASIC
7560:CGWIC
7449:APSCO
7350:CONAE
7176:SANSA
7152:GSSTC
7140:ESSTI
7126:NARSS
6913:SPICA
6708:EGNOS
6570:FORUM
6562:SMILE
6435:Swarm
6411:MetOp
6387:ERS-2
6381:ERS-1
6327:ARIEL
6319:PLATO
6276:CoRoT
6222:Cos-B
6185:rover
6095:Vigil
6019:GEWEX
5962:Pride
5920:ELIPS
5910:EGNOS
5676:USA:
5629:Ryori
5614:Akita
5520:CIEES
5485:Maine
5465:Cecil
5407:LAPAN
5395:Canso
4991:Sohae
4867:LAPAN
4838:HICAL
4680:DC4EU
4654:SUSIE
4588:Nammo
4583:SABCA
4525:VA262
4520:VA256
4515:VA255
4510:VA254
4505:VA253
4500:VA248
4495:VA247
4490:VA246
4485:VA245
4480:VA243
4475:VA244
4470:VA242
4465:VA241
4460:VA240
4391:Vinci
4358:ELA-4
4353:ELA-3
4348:ELA-2
4343:ELA-1
4096:ELA-4
4090:ELA-3
4085:ELA-2
3696:. ESA
3643:(PDF)
2966:(PDF)
2705:S2CID
2492:(ESA)
2480:(EAC)
1999:JUICE
1948:MEV-2
1925:SGS-1
1920:Saudi
1835:with
1811:Italy
1792:ELISA
1647:Soyuz
1483:) at
1420:ELA-4
1414:ELA-4
1365:ELA-3
1359:ELA-3
1281:ELA-2
1254:ELA-1
1190:ELA-1
811:ELA-4
641:ELA-3
556:ELA-2
490:STV 4
163:.cnes
146:EUSPA
8912:KCST
8900:BNSC
8831:ITSO
8816:IMSO
8806:IADC
8784:IPDA
8774:CEOS
8753:NZSA
8707:UKSA
8695:SSAU
8650:VVKO
8604:MAKA
8569:SNSA
8519:INTA
8507:ROSA
8444:NOSA
8420:SRON
8317:CNES
8269:SRTI
8214:EASA
8159:and
8118:ESOC
8113:ESAC
8088:ECSS
8071:ECAC
8059:ETSI
8054:CEPT
7980:GORS
7942:NCSR
7923:ISRC
7882:NSSA
7870:MAKA
7835:VNSC
7811:SSTL
7787:MYSA
7726:NRSC
7711:ISRO
7676:TASA
7650:KASI
7645:KARI
7640:KASA
7628:NATA
7616:NICT
7590:ISAS
7585:JAXA
7551:CAST
7546:CALT
7541:CASC
7531:CNSA
7508:TNSA
7435:Asia
7420:IVIC
7415:ABAE
7384:INPE
7379:DCTA
7326:ALCE
7277:USSF
7222:NASA
7121:EgSA
7109:ASAL
6873:LOFT
6848:EChO
6828:CSTS
6803:AIDA
6746:YES2
6538:FLEX
6423:SMOS
6417:GOCE
6351:LISA
6294:Gaia
6175:Hera
6076:SOHO
5930:FLPP
5778:Vega
5683:WSSH
5569:Nazi
5441:UKSA
5422:Oita
5412:Biak
5349:CNES
5242:RAAF
5208:MARS
5168:NASA
5143:USSF
5097:INTA
5061:NOSA
5004:Naro
4999:KARI
4986:NADA
4922:JAXA
4892:IRGC
4849:ISRO
4810:CNSA
4798:Asia
4627:CNES
4401:P120
4381:HM7B
4161:Vega
4070:ALFS
3962:ISSN
3921:ISSN
3890:2022
3865:2022
3839:2022
3813:2022
3788:2022
3757:2022
3728:2022
3702:2022
3679:2022
3650:2022
3608:2018
3582:2023
3556:2023
3530:2023
3476:2023
3450:2020
3428:2018
3330:2014
3308:2014
3219:2023
3197:2023
3157:2011
3057:ISBN
3018:2021
2996:2021
2974:2021
2913:2021
2888:2013
2840:2021
2832:CNES
2814:2017
2789:2017
2767:link
2753:2024
2731:2017
2697:ISSN
2604:2021
2579:2023
2553:2022
2405:and
2374:and
2372:Vega
2315:2020
2312:2015
2309:2010
2306:2005
2303:2000
2300:1995
2297:1990
2294:1985
2291:1980
2288:1975
2285:1970
2152:Vega
2119:2020
2116:2015
2113:2010
2110:2005
2107:2000
2104:1995
2101:1990
2098:1985
2095:1980
2092:1975
2089:1970
2032:and
1965:and
1825:ISRO
1807:Vega
1796:SSOT
1768:and
1754:ST-1
1746:ST-2
1632:Vega
1471:and
1260:and
1204:ELDO
1164:and
1042:Vega
988:Vega
984:Avio
982:and
963:CNES
942:, a
914:The
524:Vega
503:Vega
351:1981
343:1968
207:pads
150:CNES
8948:SSP
8924:NAL
8801:GSC
8796:GEO
8734:ASA
8676:TUA
8664:SSO
8645:SRI
8616:BSA
8557:AEE
8545:EAE
8531:AEC
8481:ULC
8476:ORO
8466:UKE
8432:NSO
8408:LSO
8396:LSA
8384:ASI
8372:HSO
8360:HSA
8348:DLR
8334:CdE
8329:AAE
8305:ESO
8281:CSO
8238:ALR
8161:EEA
8147:ESO
8098:EAC
8083:ESA
8045:CEN
7994:TUA
7975:SSA
7956:SSA
7937:ISA
7918:ISA
7740:DSA
7721:DoS
7604:JSS
7556:CCF
7489:SRI
7403:CCE
7389:ITA
7374:AEB
7362:ABE
7338:AEM
7301:NRO
7265:FCC
7239:OSC
7210:CSA
6764:IXV
6734:ARD
6586:ISS
6258:ISO
6228:IUE
5883:ATV
5871:ESM
5345:ESA
5327:AEB
5323:FAB
5299:DoD
5110:SSC
5079:VKS
5037:VKS
4973:VKS
4961:VKS
4945:Kii
4905:ISA
4880:ISA
4105:ELS
4075:ALD
3952:doi
3913:doi
2689:doi
2005:'s
1870:NBN
1833:ESA
1611:An
1002:in
950:in
946:of
938:in
924:CSG
889:KML
722:ELS
659:117
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281:322
272:ESA
172:Map
165:.fr
142:ESA
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8157:EU
7494:VK
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6475:/
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