138:
199:
And so, at the first dawn of day, Grumbates, king of the
Chionitae, wishing to render courageous service to his lord, boldly advanced to the walls with a band of active attendants; but a skilful observer caught sight of him as soon as he chanced to come within range of his weapon, and discharging a
169:) leading the way, glittering in splendid attire. Close by him on the left went Grumbates, king of the Chionitae, a man of moderate strength, it is true, and with shrivelled limbs, but of a certain greatness of mind and distinguished by the glory of many victories."
182:
The son of
Grumbates, while inspecting the defences of Amida, was shot and killed with an arrow shot by the city garrison. Ammianus described how the Grumbates, outraged at his son's death, demanded revenge from the Romans: he compares the death to that of
200:
ballista, pierced both cuirass and breast of
Grumbates' son, a youth just come to manhood, who was riding at his father's side and was conspicuous among his companions for his height and his handsome person.
125:
The
Kidarite king Grumbates mentioned by Ammianus Marcellinus was a cause of much concern to the Persians. Between 353 AD and 358 CE, the Xionites under Grumbates attacked in the eastern frontiers of
195:
and attempted to take the city hastily, but were largely unsuccessful. Unable to gain a quick victory, Shapur II had to commit to capturing Amida in order to appease his ally
Grumbates.
129:'s empire along with other nomad tribes. After a prolonged struggle they were forced to conclude a peace, and their king Grumbates accompanied Shapur II in the war against the Romans.
262:
Philologiae
Turcicae fundamenta. T. 3, Philologiae et historiae Turcicae fundamenta / ed. Louis Bazin ; György Hazai. History of the Turkic peoples in the pre-Islamic period
161:. His participation to the Sasanian campaign in the Eastern Caspian lands are described by Ammianus Marcellinus, who was inside the fortress of Amida at the time:
403:
327:
Untersuchungen zu Handel und
Verkehr der vor- und frĂĽhgeschichtlichen Zeit in Mittel- und Nordeuropa: Der Handel der Karolinger- und Wikingerzeit
458:
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of 359, in which
Grumbates participated. Ammianus himself was present in the city until a day before its fall.
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165:"We saw below us the whole circuit of the lands filled with innumerable troops with the king (
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50:
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381:
History of
Civilizations of Central Asia, Ahmad Hasan Dani, B. A. Litvinsky,
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87:
370:
History of
Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations
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75:
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109:"rule, leadership, administration" which is attested in the name of
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Kommission fĂĽr die Altertumskunde Mittel- und Nordeuropas (1985).
382:
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355:. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 18.8.2.
259:
Roemer, Hans Robert; Scharlipp, Wolfgang-Ekkehard (2000).
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366:Sassanian Iran- economy, society, arts and crafts
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86:The exact origin of his name is not fully known.
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258:
310:. Studienverlag Brockmeyer. 1984. p. 25.
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330:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 74.
235:. Cambridge University Press. p. 37.
133:Alliance with Shapur II against the Romans
314:
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136:
446:
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232:The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe
191:. The Sassanids began the attack with
433:Turks in Transoxiana, Richard N. Frye
265:. Franciscum Steiner. p. 273.
225:
153:Grumbates thus participated in the
74:tribe, an ancient nomadic tribe of
13:
14:
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459:People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars
368:, N.N.Chegini and A.V. Nikitin,
16:4th century king of the Xionites
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359:
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121:Attacks on the Sasanian Empire
94:, "ruling prince"; containing
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351:Ammianus Marcellinus (1982).
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141:The walls of Amida, built by
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90:etymologized his name as
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38:
28:
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157:in 359 CE as an ally of
102:"chieftain, ruler" and
464:Kings of the Kidarites
454:Turkic peoples of Asia
415:Ammianus Marcellinus.
211:
180:
150:
372:, (UNESCO, 1996), 38.
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439:Turks in Transoxiana
397:Ammianus Marcellinus
206:Ammianus Marcellinus
175:Ammianus Marcellinus
419:. pp. 19.1.7.
307:Materialia Turcica
151:
70:, probably of the
66:was a king of the
437:Richard N. Frye,
337:978-3-525-82441-2
294:. Academia. 1973.
272:978-3-87997-283-8
242:978-1-107-00906-6
229:(18 April 2013).
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47:Battles/wars
145:before the
76:Transoxiana
448:Categories
417:Res Gestae
353:Res Gestae
214:References
177:, 18.6.22.
92:*Qurum-pat
29:Allegiance
185:Patroclus
167:Shapur II
159:Shapur II
127:Shapur II
111:Bulgarian
82:Etymology
72:Kidarites
68:Chionitae
64:Krumbates
60:Grumbates
53:in 359 CE
33:Chionitae
23:Grumbates
404:18.6.22.
203:—
172:—
98:element
427:Sources
386:p.38 sq
96:Iranian
383:Unesco
334:
269:
239:
208:, 19.1
104:Turkic
113:khan
107:qurum
332:ISBN
267:ISBN
237:ISBN
189:Troy
115:Krum
42:King
39:Rank
187:at
100:pat
62:or
450::
399:,
316:^
281:^
251:^
117:.
78:.
340:.
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245:.
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