Grodno - Knowledge

1151: 1207: 1372: 1384: 969: 2409: 1239: 1068: 1231: 2657: 2538: 2623: 908: 655: 667: 691: 740: 567:. The city had a significant Jewish population before the Holocaust. After WWI, it was briefly part of the Belarusian People's Republic and the Republic of Lithuania before being taken over by Poland. During WWII, it was occupied by the Soviet Union and later by Nazi Germany. Since 1945, Grodno has been part of Belarus. Today, it has a diverse population, including Belarusians, Poles, and a small Jewish community. The city is known for its historical architecture, including the Old Grodno Castle, and is a center for Roman Catholicism and Polish culture in Belarus. 5788: 134: 81: 3361: 101: 2741: 753: 727: 2550: 5664: 3348: 2307: 3426: 703: 71: 3309: 3257: 766: 2467: 3335: 3413: 3400: 3387: 3374: 3322: 3296: 3283: 3270: 715: 679: 141: 108: 1482:. During the next years, their status had changed several times and in 1495 the Jews were deported from the city and banned from settling in Grodno (the ban was lifted in 1503). In 1560 there were 60 Jewish families in Grodno. They were concentrated on the "Jewish street" with their own synagogue and "hospital". In the year 1578 the great synagogue of Grodno was built by rabbi 2337: 1532:. During the deportations, many synagogues were looted and some people were murdered. The last Jews were deported in March 1943. By the end of the war, only one Jew had remained in the ghetto. However, a few hundred survived in the camps or in hiding in the area. Perhaps as many as 2000 survived, including those who fled or were deported to the USSR. 1282:

644 killed and 1543 captives with many guns and machine guns etc. captured). Over 300 captured Polish defenders of the city, including Polish Army officers and youth, were massacred afterwards by the Soviets. After the Soviet forces surrounded the engaged Polish units, the escaping Polish units withdrew to Lithuania.

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lost some hundred men (according to Polish sources; according to Soviet sources – 57 killed and 159 wounded) and also 19 tanks and 4 APCs destroyed or damaged. The Polish side suffered at least 100 killed in action, military and civil, but losses still remain uncertain in detail (Soviet sources claim

1222:. However, in the late 1920s the city became one of the biggest Polish Army garrisons. This brought the local economy back on track. Also, the city was a notable centre of Jewish culture, with roughly 37% of the city's population being Jewish, while Poles constituted 60% of the inhabitants of Grodno. 2448:

The church was built before 1183 and survived intact until 1853, when the south wall collapsed, due to its perilous location on the high bank of the Neman. During restoration works, some fragments of 12th-century frescos were discovered in the apses. Remains of four other churches in the same style,

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and Byelorussian SSR. The Lithuanians received less territories than they were appointed by the Supreme Soviet Decree of 3 August 1940 and on 6 November 1940 the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union adopted a new decree regarding the borders of the Byelorussian SSR and Lithuanian SSR. The Byelorussian

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the following day and Polish administration was established in the city. The Poles disbanded the Lithuania's 1st Belarusian Regiment (which refused to carry out Polish orders) in Grodno and publicly humiliated, looted and repressed soldiers of this unit, including officers, as well as Lithuanian and

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After the war, the Jewish community was revived. Most of the Jews emigrated after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Today there are several hundred Jews in the city with most of the community's activity centralized in the main synagogue that had been returned to the community by the authorities in

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In 2005, the reconstruction of the historical centre of Grodno began. In 2008, the Belarusian Voluntary Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments declared violations of the Law on the Protection of Historical and Cultural Heritage: the destruction of the cultural layer in the

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there were about 25,000 Jews in Grodno out of 50,000 total population. During the German occupation of the city, on 1 November 1942 the Jews were concentrated in 2 ghettos. 15,000 men were confined to the old part of the city where the main synagogue was located. A high wall of 2 meters was built

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was started in 2017 and also received criticism due to the lacking of historical authenticity. For instance, the contemporary viewpoint was added near the central gates. Some specialists disputed the restoration project, they found significant mistakes in documentation that appeared because the

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Slavic tribe. It was a significant city in Black Ruthenia and later part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which joined the Polish-Lithuanian Union in 1385. Grodno faced numerous invasions, most notably by the Teutonic Knights. The city was a key trade, commerce, and cultural center in the

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buildings in Mickevich, Gorky and September 17 streets in order to replace them with a modern hotel complex and the main traffic flow is directed in dangerous proximity to the New and Old Castles, while the plans to rebuild the Grodno Town Hall and the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary

2645:, which began operating in Grodno on 5 November 1974. The trolleybus system is operated by the city, and in 2009 it had 12 routes and carried around 66.5 million passengers per year. Additional routes have been opened subsequently, including routes 21 and 22 in November 2019. 1150: 1206: 2748:

In 21 club municipal offices are more than 220 collectives, circles, and studios in which about 6500 children and adults engage in amateur performances. Of 83 on-stage performance groups 39 are ranked "national", 43 "exemplary", and one "professional".

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constructor could not read historical inventory descriptions written in Polish and German. For example, the shape of the dome above the central tower, added levels between towers and galleries. Some authentic 16th century walls were demolished.

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cloister (1642, one of the earliest Baroque buildings in the region) with the wooden two-storey dormitory (1630s) still standing on the grounds, and the 18th-century buildings of the Dominican monastery (its cathedral was demolished in 1874).

1426: 2392:.) After his death, the castle was altered on numerous occasions, although a 17th-century stone arch bridge linking it with the city still survives. The Wettin monarchs of Poland were dissatisfied with the old residence and commissioned 3550: 1453:

Despite its significant loss of heritage, the city still has the largest ensemble of historical buildings in Belarus and is still nicknamed the "royal city" and "a grand-ducal-royal city", thus is a popular tourists destination. The

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In 2001 the Grodno regional executive committee established the Alexander Dubko award, named for the governor of Grodnenshchina, for the best creative achievements in the sphere of culture. 84 persons have been awarded this prize.

811:(e.g. even in the 19th century the Lithuanian-inhabited areas were still nearby the present-day suburbs of Grodno city). The modern city of Grodno originated as a small fortress and a fortified trading outpost maintained by the 2593:

The extensive grounds of the Bernardine monastery (1602–18), renovated in 1680 and 1738, display all the styles flourishing in the 17th century, from Gothic to Baroque. The interior is considered a masterpiece of so-called

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Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and one of its royal residences. The grand dukes allowed the creation of a Jewish commune in 1389, and the city received its charter in 1441. Grodno was the site of two battles during the

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the issue of the territorial transfers between the Byelorussian SSR and the Lithuanian SSR and Stalin said to him that if he will not transfer territories where there are many Lithuanians he will be punished.

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to the Lithuanian SSR that were mostly inhabited by Lithuanians and the Lithuanians began administrating them in January 1941. According to a 26 September 1940 meeting protocol of the Central Committee of the

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Various festivals, national holidays and ceremonies are held annually in Grodno, among them "Student's spring", an international celebration of piano music or the republican festival of theatrical youth.

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architecture, distinguished from other Orthodox churches by prolific use of polychrome faceted stones of blue, green or red tint which could be arranged to form crosses or other figures on the wall.

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A memorial plaque, commemorating the 25,000 Jews who were murdered in the two ghettos in the city of Grodno was placed on a building in Zamkavaja vulica, where the entrance to the ghetto once was.

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Felix Zandman, J. Szwarc and A. May, eds. (2016). "Liquidation of the Ghettos and the Deportations to the Camps (November 2, 1942 – March 12, 1942)". The German Occupation - 4. Lost Jewish Worlds.

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was appointed Dr. Braur (or Brawer), the school's headmaster, who served in this duty until his execution in February 1943 during a roundup for a deportation to Treblinka. Several local Jews were

1383: 2352:(the largest education centre in Grodno Province) and Grodno State Agrarian University. To support the Polish community, a Polish school was built in 1995, where all subjects are taught in 2726: 1418: 1305:

to remote areas of the Soviet Union. On 1–2 October 1940, negotiations were held in Grodno between the Lithuanian and Belarusian communists to resolve territorial disputes between the

2695: 1497:(1703–1708). After Grodno was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1795 the Jewish population continued to grow and in 1907 there were 25,000 Jews out of a total population of 47,000. 968: 3522:"Численность населения на 1 января 2024 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2023 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа" 2582:, exceeding 50 metres in height, was started in 1678. Due to wars that rocked Poland-Lithuania at that time, the cathedral was consecrated only 27 years later, in the presence of 2753: 1127:, commanded by Alaksandar Ružancoŭ, was formed mainly from Grodno's inhabitants in 1919 as a part of the Lithuanian Armed Forces and participated in Lithuania's side during the 1466:

representatives urged not to travel to Belarus because of the safety concerns due to the risk of arbitrary enforcement of local laws (resulting in arrests and detention) and

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extravaganza from 1904; the botanical garden, the first in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, founded in 1774; a curiously curved building on the central square (1780s); a

2408: 1139:, the Lithuanians considered granting an autonomy to the Belarusian territories within Lithuania (as requested by Belarusian side; there were Belarusian members in the 2675: 563:

Grodno has a rich history with various rulers and influences. In 1793, Grodno became the capital of the Grodno Voivodeship, but was annexed by Russia in 1795 after

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where many students from different parts of Belarus acquire academic degrees, as do a number of foreign students. Other higher educational establishments are

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area was declared visa-free zone for foreign visitors for the period up to 15 days. Nevertheless, the British, American, Lithuanian, Canadian authorities and

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Belarusian symbols and flags in the city were torn down and publicly ridiculed, and were replaced with Polish equivalents. The city was lost by Poles to the

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Baroque. Other monastic establishments include the old Franciscan cloister (1635), Basilian convent (1720–51, by Giuseppe Fontana III), the church of the

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made these plans obsolete, and Lithuanian authority was never established in the city. Instead, the Red Army organised its last stand in the city and the

1135:. In accordance with an agreement between Lithuania and Belarus (Rada BNR), the Grodno Region was joined to Lithuania. According to Lithuanian president 1088: 2384:, who made the castle his principal residence. Batory died at this palace seven years later (December 1586) and originally was interred in Grodno. (His 914: 1230: 907: 4446: 5576: 3461:; Grodno was part of the Soviet Union and the Allied forces must work to rescue a special operative before her execution in a Soviet military base. 4631: 3235: 4290: 4901:"Солнечное сияние. Обобщения II часть: Таблица 2.1. Характеристики продолжительности и суточный ход (доли часа) солнечного сияния. Продолжение" 3976: 1331:, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Byelorussia, narrated during the meeting that previously he discussed with the Soviet dictator 1258:

of September to October 1939 the garrison of Grodno was mostly used for the formation of numerous military units fighting against the invading

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The modern city of Grodno, founded in 1127, originated as a small fortress and trading outpost on the border of the Baltic tribal union of the

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was demolished in 1951 also by a decision of the Grodno Executive Committee and the Grodno Regional Drama Theatre was built in its place.

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on 27 April 1919 they passed authority to Poland, which just regained independence several months earlier. The city was taken over by the

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Grodno Military Command, which is decorated with three flags of Lithuania, Belarus, and with the Coat of arms of Lithuania in January 1919

4197: 2699: 1396: 58: 5526: 5510: 4166: 6099: 4494: 2656: 1266:(initiated on 17 September 1939) heavy fighting took place in the city between Soviet and improvised Polish forces, composed mostly of 1144: 1104: 3449: 1407: 1243: 926:

commune in 1389. It was one of the first Jewish communities in the grand duchy. In 1441 the city received its charter, based on the

169: 4687: 4237: 2691: 2537: 1494: 1115:. All this time the military authority in the city remained in German hands until April 1919. Nevertheless, military units of the 6109: 6022: 5652: 2711: 2349: 1302: 3745: 1406:

The Grodno Old Town was severely damaged during World War II and post-war authorities lacked will to preserve its heritage. The

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Initially, prosperity was reduced due to the fact that the city remained only the capital of a powiat, while the capital of the

2979:(born 1942), Estonian mathematician and cybernetician, creator of the scientific school on the theory of homogeneous structures 1392: 1294: 5406: 4900: 4828: 4786: 4746: 4400: 4144: 3870: 3829: 3655: 3476: 1417:, was first turned into a warehouse and eventually in 1961 was blown up by a decision of the Grodno Executive Committee. The 1400: 4802: 2648:

Its railway station was once an important stop on the Poland-Lithuania route, but this has been cut on the Lithuanian side.

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located 18 km south-east of Grodno. Some seasonal international and charter flights are available throughout the year.

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around the ghetto. The second ghetto was located in the Slovodka part of the city with 10,000 inhabitants. The head of the

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On 2 November 1942 the deportations to the death camps began and during 5 days in February 1943, 10,000 Jews were sent to

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and a subsequent administrative reform of the remainder of the Commonwealth, Grodno became the capital of the short-lived

418:, though it is administratively separated from the district. As of 2024, the city has a population of 361,115 inhabitants. 5149: 4364: 2883: 818:

on the border with the lands of the Baltic tribal union of the Yotvingians. The first reference to Grodno dates to 1005.

5787: 1059:, out of the total population of 46,900, Jews constituted 22,700 (around 48%, or almost half of the total population). 977: 938: 671: 133: 4994: 4937: 4211: 4136: 4119: 3741: 2514: 3130:(1909–1970), a Polish historian and author, started his career as a history teacher in Grodno in the 1920s and 1930s 2496: 2333:

population is also widely present. The city's Catholic and Orthodox churches are important architectural treasures.

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in 1918. After the war the German government permitted a short-lived state to be set up there, the first one with a

6114: 4342: 4038: 3481: 2721: 5250: 1572: 3142:(1925–2023), a German Jew who survived World War II by masquerading as an ethnic German. He spent two years at a 2716: 2453:. They all date back to the turn of the 13th century, as do remains of the first stone palace in the Old Castle. 2393: 2345: 1478:

Jews began to settle in Grodno in the 14th century after the approval given to them by the Lithuanian Grand Duke

1128: 1096: 5090: 3210: 1395:, now of the independent Republic of Belarus. Most of the Polish inhabitants were expelled or fled to Poland in 1187:

signed on 12 July 1920 in Moscow that the city would be transferred to Lithuania. However, Soviet defeat in the

1019: 3457: 3007: 2492: 1324: 1108: 695: 3599: 2809: 5660: 3118: 1403:. However in 2019 Poles are still the second-most numerous nationality in the city (22%), after Belarusians. 1180: 100: 5064: 3246: 3069: 407: 5472: 950: 6015: 5645: 4425:"Король возвращается в Гродно — после реконструкции для посетителей открывается Старый замок. Что внутри" 3186: 3060: 1434: 1286: 1132: 869: 1018:. It was in the New Castle on 25 November that year that the last Polish king and Lithuanian grand duke 80: 6094: 5276: 4519: 4472: 3902: 3365: 1000: 5444: 5045:. Vol. 56, no. 349. UK: National Trolleybus Association. January–February 2020. p. 26. 6104: 5621: 5535: 4193:"«Літоўскіх таварышаў не дражніць». У 1940-м БССР прымусілі аддаць Друскенікі, Сьвянцяны і Салечнікі" 4019:

Vilnius: General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania. pp. 65, 70–71. ISBN 978-609-8277-00-5.

3894: 3166: 1576: 1263: 1015: 564: 403: 3952: 3723:

Anderson, F.L.M., 1864, Seven Months' Residence in Russian Poland in 1863, London: Macmillan and Co.

2982: 2824: 5588: 5504: 5440: 3793: 3491: 3445: 2477: 1159: 865: 841: 659: 313: 4215: 2898:(1902–1983), central figure in the Jewish Mafia and highly influential figure in the Italian Mafia 6000: 5989: 5876: 4392:

Renaissance and Baroque Art and Culture in the Eastern Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1506-1696)

3486: 3471: 3182: 2798: 2488: 2481: 2418: 1348: 1328: 1271: 1188: 1124: 1116: 989: 985: 20: 4724: 884:

was the prince of Grodno from 1376 to 1392, and he stayed there during his preparations for the

6008: 5707: 5638: 5317: 3085: 2948:(born 1975), shooter who became the youngest gold medalist in shooting during the 1992 Olympics 1076: 1056: 808: 719: 2449:

decorated with pitchers and coloured stones instead of frescos, were discovered in Grodno and

5608: 5520: 3928: 3121:(1890–1939), Polish general, commander of the military region, murdered nearby by the Soviets 2962: 2904:(1903–1981), Jewish American actor, singer, composer, poet, playwright, director and producer 1463: 1131:, thus large amount of its members were awarded with the highest state award of Lithuania – 707: 5368: 1051:

Like many other cities in Eastern Europe, Grodno had a significant Jewish population before

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in the 13th century, and subsequently for a long time Grodno and its area was a part of the

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To aid the reconstruction of trade and commerce, the grand dukes allowed the creation of a

5491: 4961:"Grodno Branch of BELAERONAVIGATSIA Republican Unitary Air Navigation Services Enterprise" 4632:"Lithuania Urges Its Citizens to Refrain From Travelling to Belarus Due to Safety Reasons" 3112: 2702:, women basketball club Alimpiya, handball club Kronan, women handball club Haradnichanka 8: 5742: 5702: 3700: 3404: 2819: 2803: 2587: 2357: 2294:

Source 2: Belarus Department of Hydrometeorology (sun data from 1948–1949 and 1951–1984)

1467: 1360: 383: 378: 366: 4562: 70: 6032: 5767: 5747: 5727: 5712: 3970: 3378: 3287: 3091: 3064: 2998: 2815: 1509: 1344: 1255: 1030: 993: 893: 885: 557: 211: 3204: 3162: 3127: 5772: 5762: 5697: 5543: 5452: 5402: 5046: 5023: 5015: 5014:. Vol. 46, no. 294. UK: National Trolleybus Association. pp. 122–130. 4990: 4933: 4806: 4782: 4742: 4473:"В Гродно после реконструкции открывается Старый Замок. Его уже можно будет посетить" 4396: 4318:"Прэс-рэліз Беларускага добраахвотнага таварыства аховы помнікаў гісторыі і культуры" 4140: 4115: 3866: 3737: 2994: 2397: 2369: 2319: 2243: 2196: 2148: 1446: 1422: 1376: 1166:

feared that the city might fall to Soviet Russia, so according to the 1919 Treaty of

973: 942: 873: 822: 5234: 3990: 3152: 2833: 5757: 4878: 4580: 4133:

Agresja sowiecka na Polskę i okupacja wschodnich terenów Rzeczypospolitej 1939–1941

3906: 3824: 3696: 3222: 3156: 3133: 3075: 3031: 2907: 2901: 2330: 2323: 1315: 1041: 1034: 845: 614: 346: 4904: 4829:"NUKAT | Prosto do informacji - katalog zbiorów polskich bibliotek naukowych" 6089: 5752: 5717: 5592: 5460: 5238: 5224: 5130: 5116: 4741:. Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press. p. Volume 2, page 892. 4317: 4264: 3948: 3684: 3677: 3567: 3352: 3037: 3019: 3013: 3003: 2970: 2879: 2873: 2867: 2790: 2773: 2683: 2679: 2671: 2611: 2607: 2583: 2353: 2315: 1311: 1267: 1192: 1183:. The city was also claimed by Lithuanian government, after it was agreed by the 1136: 415: 354: 3704: 3650: 3585: 2991:(born 1955), gymnast and four-time gold medallist at 1972 and 1976 Olympic Games 2985:(born 1947), Belarusian politician, candidate in the 2006 presidential elections 2842: 2740: 576: 6043: 5949: 5841: 5777: 5737: 3106: 3097: 3025: 2976: 2889: 2854: 2828: 2635: 2442: 2434: 2430: 2422: 2413: 2389: 1501: 1483: 1026: 1011: 849: 837: 821:

The official foundation year is 1127. In this year Grodno was mentioned in the

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The Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1965, pg. 271. The name derives from the

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occupation that lasted until 16 July 1944. It was administered as part of the

6083: 5959: 5732: 5722: 5669: 5050: 5019: 3711: 3708: 3496: 3360: 3216: 3191: 3139: 2926: 2862: 2667: 2660: 2567: 2400:, whose once sumptuous Baroque interiors were destroyed during World War II. 2381: 1986: 1556: 1459: 1356: 1332: 1298: 1120: 1080: 1052: 933:

As an important centre of trade, commerce, and culture, Grodno was a notable

927: 877: 788: 411: 216: 184: 171: 5464: 5027: 4683:"Belarus opposition warn Lithuanians against using Minsk's visa-free travel" 4657: 2876:(born 1888), nurse during World War I, fundraiser for Armenian relief causes 2772:

From 26 October 2016 residents of 77 countries can travel to Grodno and the

1347:. Surviving inmates of the Grodno prison were released and the scale of the 5547: 5091:"Многофункциональная трансформируемая арена/About Hrodna Ice Sports Palace" 3195: 3043: 2921: 2895: 2571: 2549: 1521:

who either hidden them in the city or transported them to other locations.

1505: 1455: 1340: 1319: 758: 745: 732: 5503: 5456: 4192: 4061: 3455:

Grodno is a location for one of the missions in the alternate history RTS

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Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Bernardine Monastery

1410:, which because of its founder (14th century) was commonly referred to as 1219: 1167: 1033:

since 1801. The industrial activities started in the late 18th century by

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Jan Kochanowski, a Polish creator of the local ZOO, murdered by the Nazis

2988: 2940: 2932: 2848: 2837: 2599: 2377: 1500:

In the period of independent Poland, a yeshiva had operated in the city (

1215: 1171: 1004: 962: 853: 796: 552: 548: 295: 2306: 1486:(Baal ha-Levush). The synagogue was severely damaged in a fire in 1599. 1355:

in World War II, the majority of Jews were herded by the Nazis into the

394:. It is one of the oldest cities of Belarus. The city is located on the 5954: 5924: 5909: 5846: 5811: 4965:

BELAERONAVIGATSIA Republican Unitary Air Navigation Services Enterprise

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and Stephen Báthory died there. Grodno was one of the places where the

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Thrun, Volker (November–December 2010). "The Trolleybuses of Grodno".

4427:[The King Comes Back to Grodno] (in Russian). Vecherniy Grodno 1391:

Since 1945, the city has been a centre of one of the provinces of the

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and was also one of the royal residences and political centers of the

5984: 5974: 5939: 5929: 5871: 5861: 5831: 5821: 5625: 5416: 5094: 3199: 3101: 2794: 2614:(1984); and Stanisławów, a summer residence of the last Polish king. 1560: 1529: 1525: 1259: 1040:

Count Aleksander Bisping was arrested and imprisoned here during the

857: 836:, Grodno was regarded as the main city on the western borderlands of 804: 286: 5519: 3762:"Baltarusių karžygiai – Lietuvos laisvės ir nepriklausomybės kariai" 3430: 2606:

Other sights in Grodno include the Orthodox cathedral, a polychrome

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Grodno Old Town skyline with Grodno Cathedral in the centre in 2021

1278: 1176: 1163: 888:(1410). Since 1413, Grodno had been the administrative center of a 881: 6030: 4781:. Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press. p. 893. 4167:"Aprašykime mažai žinomus 1939–1940 m. Lietuvos istorijos įvykius" 3155:(1939–2004), Polish musician, composer and one of the pioneers of 2732:

There are also 41 middleschools (or secondary schools) in Grodno.

6068: 6063: 5969: 5856: 5673: 5401:. Твае гарады, Беларусь (in Russian). Мн.: Мастацкая літаратура. 5264: 5260: 5068: 3417: 3334: 3326: 3079: 2595: 2385: 1552: 949:

were often visited by the Commonwealth monarchs including famous

812: 771: 630: 391: 204: 4932:(3 ed.). Bucks, England: Bradt Travel Guides. p. 220. 5964: 5919: 5851: 5601:"Вечерний Гродно" newspaper published in Russian and Belarusian 4450: 3412: 3399: 3391: 3386: 3373: 3339: 3321: 3308: 3300: 3295: 3282: 3269: 3256: 3115:(1891–1917), a Belarusian poet, journalist and literary critic. 2917: 2575: 1536:

the 1990s. The head of the community is Rabbi Yitzhak Kaufman.

1112: 889: 815: 291: 5152:. Гродненский городской исполнительный комитет. Archived from 5131:"Состав хоккейного клуба Неман-2/Roster of HC Nyoman-2 Hrodna" 4545:"Visa-free tourism in Awgustow Canal Park and Grodno (Hrodna)" 4447:"Реконструкция или уничтожение? В Гродно открыли Старый замок" 4216:

Lato 1941 – polski dramat (Summer of 1941 – the Polish drama).

2756:, the largest in Belarus, attracts many visitors to the city. 1099:. This declared its independence from Russia in March 1918 in 880:

sought refuge in the region. The famous Lithuanian Grand Duke

6058: 6048: 5886: 5686: 4854:"Grodno, Belarus Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)" 2936: 1548: 1493:

but suffered during the 1655 Cossack uprising and during the

1100: 861: 792: 586: 399: 395: 4903:(in Russian). Department of Hydrometeorology. Archived from 4544: 3438: 3225:(1841–1910), Polish writer, born nearby and active in Grodno 848:. In the 1240–1250s the Grodno area, as well as the most of 844:. It was often attacked by various invaders, especially the 5944: 5934: 5836: 5826: 5616: 5263:

and ten-day visa-free regime to visit two tourist zones of

2929:(1914–2009), prominent Orthodox Rabbi and head of a yeshiva 1586:

Climate data for Grodno (1991–2020, extremes 1839–present)

1366: 868:—on these territories, which since 1385 formed part of the 4365:"10 Treasures of Polish-Belarusian Architectural Heritage" 3895:"Baltarusiai Lietuvos valstybės taryboje 1918–1920 metais" 4060:

Minkevičius, Jonas; Jasas, Rimantas; Vidugiris, Aloyzas.

3040:(born 1979), Belarusian journalist and political prisoner 2954:(1926–2011), Internet pioneer and technology entrepreneur 2356:

and students are able to pass exams to get accepted into

2336: 1045: 923: 5585: 5205: 5193: 4766:(in Polish). Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza. pp. 53–55. 4017:

Lietuvos kariuomenės gudų kariniai daliniai 1918–1923 m.

3858:

Lietuvos kariuomenės gudų kariniai daliniai 1918–1923 m.

334: 5477:

Hand-book for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland

3207:(1533–1586), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania 1363:. The Germans also operated a Nazi prison in the city. 1107:

had to leave Minsk and fled to Grodno and later to the

1001:

Second Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

829:

and located at a crossing of numerous trading routes.

791:

in the 10th–11th centuries, the area was inhabited by

5600: 4059: 2836:(1881–1967), Polish military officer, General of the 2793:(died 1326), one of the famous military commander of 1143:

and representation in the Government of Lithuania by

4989:. Yateley, Hampshire, UK: Trolleybooks. p. 74. 3957:(in Lithuanian). Vol. 6th. Kaunas. pp. 1–3 3863:

General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania

3082:

of Grodno, founder of numerous factories in the area

3063:, commander of the forces of the Grand Duchy in the 1029:, the city continued to serve its role as a seat of 4881:(in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат) 3819: 3817: 3815: 2590:. Its late Baroque frescoes were executed in 1752. 1123:in 1918–1919. For example, a Belarusian unit named 5565:Hrodna Region: The Land of Catholics and Smugglers 5530:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 611. 5514:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 611. 4708: 4706: 4291:"Як выглядаў кляштар на месцы драмтэатра ў Гродне" 4262: 4028: 2845:(1888–1967), Polish military officer and sportsman 2314:The city has one of the largest concentrations of 2301: 1062: 803:, especially during the formation of the State of 3933:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 3088:(1741–1814), French medic, botanist and biologist 2997:(born 1963), entrepreneur, politician and former 2870:(1892-1974), Russian-born Brazilian psychologist. 2776:without a visa and stay there for up to 10 days. 1528:. Later, on 13 February, 5,000 Jews were sent to 1234:German Army in Grodno during World War II in 1940 1119:were formed in the German-controlled part of the 899: 6081: 5577:Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland 5451:. London: Printed by J. Nichols, for T. Cadell. 5318:"Kun. F. Nevieros kūrybinio palikimo papildymas" 5117:"О хоккейном клубе Неман/About HC Nyoman Hrodna" 5093:(in Russian). HC Nyoman (Hrodna). Archived from 3850: 3848: 3812: 3006:(born 1965), diplomat and executive, founder of 2818:(1854–1921), political scientist, co-founder of 2441:). It is the only surviving monument of ancient 1547:The following rivers flow through the city: the 608: 580: 410:. Grodno serves as the administrative center of 38: 5449:Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden and Denmark 4703: 4218:Special Issue, 22 June 2011. PDF file, 1.63 MB. 3787: 3785: 3783: 3755: 3753: 3236:List of twin towns and sister cities in Belarus 3094:(1824–1894), communal worker and philanthropist 2767: 2670:official CSC Nyoman (8800 seats), based teams: 1421:(constructed in 1513) was demolished to expand 1199:the Polish Army recaptured the city. After the 5397:Марціновіч, А. (2008). П. В. Гринчанко (ed.). 5176:"Гродненский городской исполнительный комитет" 5144: 5142: 5140: 4805:. Агентство еврейских новостей. Archived from 1075:After the outbreak of World War I, Grodno was 6016: 5646: 4395:. Cambridge Scholar Publishing. p. 319. 4160: 4158: 4156: 3845: 3791: 3625:"File:Ordensland1410.png - Wikimedia Commons" 3240: 2910:(1904–1941), Polish Diocesan Priest (Blessed) 2827:(1870–1940), Polish General, murdered in the 2429:The oldest extant structure in Grodno is the 1433:historic Old Market Square, demolition of 28 1379:, which was reconstructed in the 21st century 634: 618: 402:, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the 44: 5540:Russia with Teheran, Port Arthur, and Peking 5439: 4879:"Weather and Climate- The Climate of Grodno" 4105: 3780: 3759: 3750: 3734:Poles, Jews, and the Politics of Nationality 2806:(1797–1875), Polish painter and Army officer 2380:style by Scotto from Parma at the behest of 2368:The town was planned to be dominated by the 1179:on 20 July 1920 in what became known as the 1103:(known at that time as Mensk), but then the 963:last Sejm in the history of the Commonwealth 624: 602: 5137: 4656:Canada, Global Affairs (16 November 2012). 4388: 4031:"The Defense of Grodno. July 17 – 20, 1920" 3886: 3165:(born 1973), former leader of Grodno-based 3072:, (1535–1577), mayor of Grodno 1558 to 1566 2495:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2326:residing in the city and its surroundings. 1310:SSR transferred cities and surroundings of 959:Sejms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 596: 590: 6023: 6009: 5653: 5639: 5479:(2nd ed.). London: John Murray. 1868. 5396: 5211: 5199: 4658:"Travel advice and advisories for Belarus" 4606:"Belarus International Travel Information" 4153: 3975:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3229: 3194:(1458–1484), Roman Catholic saint and the 3100:(1859–1917), Polish physician, creator of 1145:Lithuanian Ministry for Belarusian Affairs 1105:Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic 406:, and 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the 4422: 3910: 3892: 3854: 3439:Significant depictions in popular culture 2973:(born 1936), Polish musician and director 2812:(1845–1888), Polish physicist and chemist 2578:church until 1773. This specimen of high 2515:Learn how and when to remove this message 1293:by the Soviet Union and annexed into the 5316:Česnulis, Vytautas (27 September 2014). 5315: 4776: 4736: 4688:Lithuanian National Radio and Television 4343:"Reconstruction of Old Castle in Grodno" 4037:(5). www.tankhistory.com. Archived from 3792:Mockienė, Jurgita; Spečiūnas, Vytautas. 3760:Lukoševičius, Ernestas (25 March 2016). 3671: 3219:(1811–1879), preacher and philanthropist 2857:(1892-1973), Polish-born grandfather of 2739: 2655: 2621: 2407: 2335: 2305: 1382: 1370: 1367:Byelorussian SSR and Republic of Belarus 1237: 1229: 1205: 1149: 1066: 967: 953:who made a royal residence there. Kings 5067:(in Russian). CSC Neman. Archived from 4925: 4205: 4112:The Fate of Poles in the USSR 1939–1989 3947: 3717: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3444:Grodno is one of the starting towns of 2712:Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno 2666:The main sport venues of the city are: 2350:Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno 1425:. The early 17th century Baroque style 6082: 5498:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. 1906. 5285:Visa-free travel (general information) 5034: 5003: 4984: 4978: 4871: 4761: 4655: 4629: 4495:"Grodno must-see landmarks and sights" 4165:Šapoka, Gintautas (21 December 2020). 4164: 3905:Czesław Miłosz Centre: 98–118–98–118. 3679:Археографический ежегодник за 1964 год 3016:(born 1986), Olympic volleyball player 2920:rabbi noted for his commentary on the 1489:The community was not affected by the 1295:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic 984:The city was the site of two battles, 435: 252:142.11 km (54.87 sq mi) 6004: 5634: 5009: 4520:"Old Castle and New Castle in Grodno" 4315: 3648: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3477:Disputed territories of Baltic States 2886:of the Soviet Army from February 1945 2641:The city's public transport includes 2388:there was the first to take place in 2372:, first built in stone by Grand Duke 1579:" (Warm Summer Continental Climate). 1339:On 23 June 1941, the city came under 1270:and volunteers. In the course of the 575:In Belarusian Classical Orthography ( 377: 5586:Grodno Municipal Government website 5434:Published in the 18th–19th centuries 3555: 2493:adding citations to reliable sources 2460: 840:. The border region neighboured the 398:, 300 kilometres (190 mi) from 5415: 4712: 4029:Witold Ławrynowicz (1 April 2002). 3794:"Baltarusijos santykiai su Lietuva" 3604:www.spaetmittelalter.uni-hamburg.de 2967:(1927–1996), Polish poet and author 2318:in Belarus. It is also a centre of 1473: 635: 13: 5428: 5421:The Jewish Encyclopedia in Russian 4630:Januzi, Shkurta (21 August 2023). 4563:"Visa-free travel to Brest-Grodno" 3509: 3046:(born 2000), Belarusian footballer 2727:Grodno Higher Theological Seminary 430: 14: 6126: 6100:Populated places in Grodno Region 5555: 5133:(in Russian). HC Nyoman (Hrodna). 5119:(in Russian). HC Nyoman (Hrodna). 4779:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 4739:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 4212:Institute of National Remembrance 4135:(in Polish). Białystok-Warszawa: 4092:Grodno Oblast Executive Committee 3736:, Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2004, 3146:-run orphanage in Grodno, before 3109:(1862–1911) in 1903 as a governor 2935:(1919–1991), Israeli politician, 2779: 1408:Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary 1297:. Several thousand of the city's 1244:Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary 976:used to be a summer residence of 5786: 5662: 5542:. Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1914. 5251:"Visiting Belarus without visas" 4322:Беларуская асацыяцыя журналістаў 4066:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija 3995:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija 3830:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija 3798:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija 3656:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija 3482:List of early East Slavic states 3450:Medieval II: Total War: Kingdoms 3448:in the turn-based strategy game 3424: 3411: 3398: 3385: 3372: 3359: 3346: 3333: 3320: 3307: 3294: 3281: 3268: 3255: 3136:(1924–2003), a Belarusian author 2722:Grodno State Agrarian University 2548: 2536: 2465: 1504:) under the management of Rabbi 1185:Soviet–Lithuanian Treaty of 1920 1083:(3 September 1915) and ceded by 1044:(1863-1864) before his exile to 917:Cityscape of Grodno city in 1567 906: 764: 751: 738: 725: 713: 701: 689: 677: 665: 653: 139: 132: 106: 99: 79: 69: 5369:"Lithuania (M2TW-K-TC faction)" 5361: 5335: 5309: 5288: 5269: 5259:Thirty-day visa-free travel to 5243: 5217: 5168: 5123: 5109: 5083: 5057: 4953: 4919: 4893: 4846: 4821: 4795: 4770: 4755: 4730: 4718: 4675: 4649: 4623: 4598: 4573: 4555: 4537: 4512: 4487: 4465: 4439: 4416: 4382: 4357: 4335: 4309: 4283: 4263:Almonaitytė-Navickienė, Vaida. 4256: 4230: 4221: 4185: 4125: 4080: 4053: 4022: 4009: 3983: 3941: 3726: 3707:for details), both from an old 3703:'gardas', i.e., "a fence" (see 3586:"Cities & Towns of Belarus" 3159:studied at a local music school 3034:(born 1960) Belarusian painter. 2892:(1897–1986), American violinist 2752:Every two years since 1996 the 2717:Grodno State Medical University 2698:, based teams: basketball club 2564:Cathedral of St. Francis Xavier 2363: 2346:Grodno State Medical University 2322:, with a significant number of 2302:Religion, education and culture 1225: 1162:, the German commanders of the 1129:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 1063:World War I and interwar period 852:, was controlled by princes of 6110:Holocaust locations in Belarus 5390: 4987:World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia 3901:(in Lithuanian) (15). Kaunas: 3705:Lithuanian language dictionary 3642: 3617: 3592: 3578: 3544: 3458:Command and Conquer: Red Alert 2376:and thoroughly rebuilt in the 1325:Communist Party of Byelorussia 978:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 939:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 900:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 696:Belarusian Democratic Republic 672:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 570: 140: 107: 28:City in Grodno Region, Belarus 16:City in Grodno Region, Belarus 1: 5485:Published in the 20th century 5225:"Grodno visa-free in Belarus" 5065:"О ЦСК Неман/About CSC Neman" 4475:. Onliner.by. 1 November 2021 4423:Lebed, E. (3 November 2021). 4389:Szulakowska, Urszula (2018). 4015:Gintautas, Surgailis (2020). 3855:Surgailis, Gintautas (2020). 3502: 2754:Festival of National Cultures 2744:Grodno Regional Drama Theatre 2574:Square). The cathedral was a 1575:subtype for this climate is " 1573:Köppen Climate Classification 1442:) are not being implemented. 1289:of August 1939, the city was 1203:, Grodno remained in Poland. 120:Location of Grodno in Belarus 6031:Administrative seats of the 5296:"DZIANIS IVASHYN journalist" 3915:(inactive 19 September 2024) 3211:Alexander Süsskind of Grodno 3070:Grigory Bogdanovich Volovich 2768:Visa-free entrance to Grodno 2705: 2678:(2539 seats), based teams: 2617: 2543:Jesuit Cathedral (1678–1705) 1542: 1097:Belarusian People's Republic 1020:Stanisław August Poniatowski 551:. It was also a home to the 7: 5505:"Grodno (government)" 5233:How to come to Grodno, the 4926:Roberts, Nigel (May 2015). 4777:Megargee, Geoffrey (2012). 4737:Megargee, Geoffrey (2012). 3465: 3379:Shchukino District (Moscow) 2630:on route 1 in November 2016 2530:Baroque landmarks of Grodno 2403: 1845:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1705:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1508:. Before the German-Soviet 1435:Constructivist architecture 1359:and subsequently killed in 1351:revealed. In the course of 1133:Order of the Cross of Vytis 541:Source: pop-stat.mashke.org 281:2,500/km (6,600/sq mi) 10: 6131: 4265:"Vytauto bažnyčia Gardine" 3903:Vytautas Magnus University 3893:Błaszczak, Tomasz (2013). 3861:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: 3568:"Iz istorii goroda grodno" 3241:Twin towns - sister cities 3233: 2884:Chief of the General Staff 2735: 2555:Bridgettine convent (1642) 2456: 2394:Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann 2293: 2288: 1585: 1566: 1559:River with its branch the 1445:The reconstruction of the 1158:After the outbreak of the 642: 18: 6039: 5895: 5795: 5784: 5680: 4803:"Акт вандализма в Гродно" 3167:Union of Poles in Belarus 2851:(1890–1918), Yiddish poet 2696:Sport complex "Viktoryya" 2241: 2194: 2146: 2102: 2058: 1984: 1914: 1844: 1774: 1704: 1634: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1264:Soviet invasion of Poland 1016:Third Partition of Poland 951:Stephen Báthory of Poland 581: 565:Third Partition of Poland 540: 448:— 370: 350: 330: 322: 312: 302: 285: 277: 269: 264: 256: 248: 243: 235: 230: 222: 210: 200: 165: 93: 65: 56: 45: 39: 33: 5399:Горадна, Гораден, Гродно 4114:, by Tomasz Piesakowski 3551:official transliteration 3492:Great Synagogue (Grodno) 3119:Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński 2676:Grodno Ice Sports Palace 2651: 2340:Fountain in Central Park 2289:Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net 1242:Grodno skyline with the 1037:, continued to develop. 1014:annexed the city in the 866:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 860:and others) to form the 842:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 660:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 579:), the city is named as 260:137 m (449 ft) 6115:NKVD prisoner massacres 5990:Vyalikaya Byerastavitsa 5877:Vyalikaya Byerastavitsa 5527:Encyclopædia Britannica 5511:Encyclopædia Britannica 5496:The Jewish Encyclopedia 4762:Datner, Szymon (1968). 4725:The Holocaust in Grodno 4581:"Belarus travel advice" 4345:. Belta. 14 August 2020 3487:Gordon (disambiguation) 3472:Battle of Grodno (1939) 3230:International relations 3187:Grand Duke of Lithuania 3061:Grand Duke of Lithuania 3028:(born 1994), footballer 3022:(born 1974), footballer 2939:activist and father of 2799:Grand Duke of Lithuania 2612:254-metre-high TV tower 2324:Poles living in Belarus 1349:NKVD prisoner massacres 1329:Panteleimon Ponomarenko 1287:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 1285:In accordance with the 1262:. In the course of the 1125:1st Belarusian Regiment 1117:Lithuanian Armed Forces 1089:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 990:Battle of Grodno (1708) 986:Battle of Grodno (1706) 870:Polish–Lithuanian union 648:Historical affiliations 390:) is a city in western 21:Grodno (disambiguation) 5617:Grodno Zoological Park 5150:"Культура и искусство" 3213:(died 1794), Kabbalist 3086:Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert 2983:Alaksandar Milinkievič 2825:Bronisław Bohatyrewicz 2745: 2688:Grodno Indoor ice rink 2663: 2634:The city is served by 2631: 2426: 2341: 2311: 1388: 1380: 1251: 1235: 1211: 1210:View of Grodno in 1935 1181:First Battle of Grodno 1155: 1154:Grodno skyline in 1934 1072: 1057:Russian census of 1897 981: 876:a large population of 809:Ethnographic Lithuania 783:Before arrival of the 780: 625: 619: 609: 603: 597: 591: 387: 358: 5521:"Grodno (town)" 4985:Murray, Alan (2000). 3899:Parliamentary Studies 3732:Joshua D. Zimmerman, 3629:commons.wikimedia.org 2743: 2674:, FHC Ritm (Grodno); 2659: 2625: 2411: 2339: 2309: 1464:Belarusian opposition 1386: 1374: 1241: 1233: 1209: 1195:took place there. On 1153: 1070: 971: 961:were held, incl. the 708:Republic of Lithuania 650: 422:Historical population 408:border with Lithuania 236: • Chairman 5609:Street map of Grodno 5349:(in Russian). Grodno 3991:"Balstogės sutartis" 3954:Vairas (Be rytojaus) 3912:10.51740/ps.vi15.236 3693:to enclose, to fence 3649:Vidugiris, Aloyzas. 3179:Casimir IV Jagiellon 3148:Operation Barbarossa 3008:Belarus Hi-Tech Park 2946:Kanstantsin Lukashyk 2914:Chaim Dov Rabinowitz 2580:Baroque architecture 2489:improve this section 2344:The city houses the 1635:Record high °C (°F) 1491:Khmelnytsky uprising 1353:Operation Barbarossa 1256:Polish Defensive War 1250:(right) in 1941-1944 1201:Peace Treaty of Riga 1160:Polish–Bolshevik War 1141:Council of Lithuania 974:New Castle in Grodno 955:Casimir IV Jagiellon 278: • Density 19:For other uses, see 5423:(in Russian). 2005. 5043:Trolleybus Magazine 5012:Trolleybus Magazine 4139:. 2019. p. 9. 3825:"Gardino apskritis" 3405:Tuapsinsky District 2820:political sociology 2804:January Suchodolski 2588:Augustus the Strong 2435:Sts. Boris and Gleb 2423:Sts. Boris and Gleb 2358:Polish universities 2103:Average snowy days 2059:Average rainy days 1915:Record low °C (°F) 1775:Daily mean °C (°F) 1468:Russo-Ukrainian War 1361:extermination camps 1111:Lithuanian capital 607:, in Lithuanian as 423: 181: / 123:Show map of Belarus 6033:regions of Belarus 5591:2012-05-30 at the 5343:"Города побратимы" 5277:"Visa-free travel" 4764:Las sprawiedliwych 4238:"Gefängnis Hrodna" 3865:. pp. 13–74. 3746:Google Print, p.16 3699:" for details) or 3092:Benjamin Ashkenazi 3065:Battle of Grunwald 3057:Vytautas the Great 2999:political prisoner 2958:Wiktor Woroszylski 2816:Moisey Ostrogorsky 2810:Zygmunt Wróblewski 2746: 2664: 2632: 2427: 2342: 2312: 1510:invasion of Poland 1389: 1381: 1345:Bialystok District 1252: 1236: 1212: 1156: 1073: 1031:Grodno Governorate 1005:Grodno Voivodeship 994:Great Northern War 982: 894:Trakai Voivodeship 886:Battle of Grunwald 874:Prussian uprisings 720:Republic of Poland 589:, it was known as 558:Great Northern War 421: 404:border with Poland 270: • Total 249: • Total 156:Show map of Europe 6095:Cities in Belarus 6077: 6076: 5998: 5997: 5408:978-985-02-0921-4 5373:wiki.totalwar.com 5327:(in Lithuanian). 5229:grodnovisafree.by 4788:978-0-253-35599-7 4748:978-0-253-35599-7 4549:Grodnovisafree.by 4453:. 5 November 2021 4402:978-1-5275-1135-4 4295:PlanetaBelarus.by 4146:978-83-8098-706-7 4041:on 11 August 2014 3872:978-609-8277-00-5 3113:Maksim Bahdanovič 2995:Valery Levaneuski 2525: 2524: 2517: 2398:New Grodno Castle 2370:Old Grodno Castle 2298: 2297: 2244:possible sunshine 2149:relative humidity 1447:Old Grodno Castle 1423:Savieckaja Square 1377:Old Grodno Castle 1301:inhabitants were 1275:(20-22 September) 1085:Bolshevist Russia 823:Primary Chronicle 545: 544: 379:[ˈɣrɔdna] 340: 339: 185:53.667°N 23.833°E 6122: 6105:Magdeburg rights 6025: 6018: 6011: 6002: 6001: 5896:Cities and towns 5790: 5691: 5668:Subdivisions of 5667: 5666: 5665: 5655: 5648: 5641: 5632: 5631: 5571: 5563: 5551: 5531: 5523: 5515: 5507: 5499: 5480: 5468: 5424: 5412: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5365: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5339: 5333: 5332: 5322: 5313: 5307: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5292: 5286: 5284: 5273: 5267: 5258: 5247: 5241: 5235:Awgustow Channel 5232: 5221: 5215: 5209: 5203: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5172: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5146: 5135: 5134: 5127: 5121: 5120: 5113: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5087: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5061: 5055: 5054: 5041:"Trolleynews ". 5038: 5032: 5031: 5007: 5001: 5000: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4957: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4907:on 26 April 2017 4897: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4850: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4774: 4768: 4767: 4759: 4753: 4752: 4734: 4728: 4722: 4716: 4710: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4679: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4653: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4627: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4610:Travel.state.gov 4602: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4577: 4571: 4570: 4559: 4553: 4552: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4516: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4491: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4469: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4420: 4414: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4386: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4361: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4339: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4313: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4234: 4228: 4225: 4219: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4201:(in Belarusian). 4189: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4162: 4151: 4150: 4129: 4123: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4084: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4057: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4035:Tanks E-Magazine 4026: 4020: 4013: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3974: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3949:Smetona, Antanas 3945: 3939: 3938: 3932: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3914: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3852: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3821: 3810: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3789: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3757: 3748: 3730: 3724: 3721: 3715: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3651:"Gardino sritis" 3646: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3588:. 15 April 2024. 3582: 3576: 3575: 3564: 3553: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3528:. Archived from 3518: 3429: 3428: 3416: 3415: 3403: 3402: 3390: 3389: 3377: 3376: 3364: 3363: 3351: 3350: 3338: 3337: 3325: 3324: 3312: 3311: 3299: 3298: 3286: 3285: 3273: 3272: 3260: 3259: 3223:Eliza Orzeszkowa 3157:progressive rock 3076:Antoni Tyzenhaus 3051:Active in Grodno 3032:Sergey Grinevich 2966: 2908:Henryk Hlebowicz 2902:Herman Yablokoff 2785:Born in the town 2552: 2540: 2520: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2500: 2469: 2461: 2439:Каложская царква 2331:Eastern Orthodox 1583: 1582: 1519:rescued by Poles 1474:Jewish community 1440:Vytautas' Church 1419:Grodno Town Hall 1393:Byelorussian SSR 1276: 1272:Battle of Grodno 1268:march battalions 1248:Grodno Cathedral 1198: 1189:Battle of Warsaw 1042:January Uprising 1035:Antoni Tyzenhaus 910: 846:Teutonic Knights 770: 768: 767: 757: 755: 754: 744: 742: 741: 731: 729: 728: 718: 717: 716: 706: 705: 704: 694: 693: 692: 682: 681: 680: 670: 669: 668: 658: 657: 656: 638: 637: 628: 622: 612: 606: 601:), in Polish as 600: 594: 584: 583: 437: 432: 424: 420: 381: 376: 372: 352: 335:Official website 196: 195: 193: 192: 191: 186: 182: 179: 178: 177: 174: 157: 143: 142: 136: 124: 110: 109: 103: 83: 73: 48: 47: 42: 41: 31: 30: 6130: 6129: 6125: 6124: 6123: 6121: 6120: 6119: 6080: 6079: 6078: 6073: 6035: 6029: 5999: 5994: 5891: 5797: 5791: 5782: 5683: 5682: 5676: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5622:Hrodna, Belarus 5593:Wayback Machine 5569: 5561: 5558: 5534: 5518: 5502: 5490: 5471: 5431: 5429:Further reading 5409: 5393: 5388: 5387: 5377: 5375: 5367: 5366: 5362: 5352: 5350: 5341: 5340: 5336: 5320: 5314: 5310: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5293: 5289: 5275: 5274: 5270: 5249: 5248: 5244: 5239:Grodno District 5223: 5222: 5218: 5212:Марціновіч 2008 5210: 5206: 5200:Марціновіч 2008 5198: 5194: 5184: 5182: 5174: 5173: 5169: 5159: 5157: 5148: 5147: 5138: 5129: 5128: 5124: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5100: 5098: 5097:on 7 April 2019 5089: 5088: 5084: 5074: 5072: 5063: 5062: 5058: 5040: 5039: 5035: 5008: 5004: 4997: 4983: 4979: 4969: 4967: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4924: 4920: 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Lithuanian) 4058: 4054: 4044: 4042: 4027: 4023: 4014: 4010: 4000: 3998: 3997:(in Lithuanian) 3989: 3988: 3984: 3968: 3967: 3960: 3958: 3946: 3942: 3926: 3925: 3918: 3916: 3891: 3887: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3853: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3833:(in Lithuanian) 3823: 3822: 3813: 3803: 3801: 3800:(in Lithuanian) 3790: 3781: 3771: 3769: 3768:(in Lithuanian) 3758: 3751: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3718: 3685:Old East Slavic 3676: 3672: 3662: 3660: 3659:(in Lithuanian) 3647: 3643: 3633: 3631: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3608: 3606: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3584: 3583: 3579: 3566: 3565: 3556: 3549: 3545: 3535: 3533: 3532:on 2 April 2024 3520: 3519: 3510: 3505: 3468: 3441: 3436: 3423: 3410: 3397: 3384: 3371: 3368:, United States 3358: 3353:Qabala District 3345: 3332: 3319: 3306: 3293: 3280: 3267: 3254: 3243: 3238: 3232: 3205:Stephen Báthory 3163:Andżelika Borys 3128:Paweł Jasienica 3038:Dzianis Ivashyn 3020:Andrey Ashyhmin 3014:Alexander Butko 3004:Valery Tsepkalo 2971:Jerzy Maksymiuk 2960: 2880:Aleksei Antonov 2874:Anne Azgapetian 2868:Helena Antipoff 2791:David of Grodno 2782: 2774:Grodno District 2770: 2738: 2708: 2684:HC Neman Grodno 2680:HC Neman Grodno 2672:FC Neman Grodno 2654: 2620: 2608:Russian Revival 2584:Peter the Great 2560: 2559: 2558: 2557: 2556: 2553: 2545: 2544: 2541: 2532: 2531: 2521: 2510: 2504: 2501: 2486: 2470: 2459: 2443:Black Ruthenian 2419:Orthodox church 2406: 2366: 2316:Roman Catholics 2304: 2299: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1569: 1545: 1495:war with Sweden 1476: 1369: 1274: 1228: 1196: 1193:Battle of Neman 1137:Antanas Smetona 1065: 1055:: according to 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In 573: 416:Grodno District 374: 308: 189: 187: 183: 180: 175: 172: 170: 168: 167: 161: 160: 159: 158: 155: 154: 153:Grodno (Europe) 151: 150: 149: 148: 144: 127: 126: 125: 122: 121: 118: 117: 116: 115: 111: 89: 88: 87: 86: 77: 76: 61: 52: 49: 36: 29: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6128: 6118: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6075: 6074: 6072: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6040: 6037: 6036: 6028: 6027: 6020: 6013: 6005: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5899: 5897: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5801: 5799: 5793: 5792: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5694: 5692: 5678: 5677: 5658: 5657: 5650: 5643: 5635: 5629: 5628: 5619: 5611: 5603: 5595: 5580: 5567: 5557: 5556:External links 5554: 5553: 5552: 5532: 5516: 5500: 5487: 5486: 5482: 5481: 5469: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5427: 5426: 5425: 5413: 5407: 5392: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5360: 5334: 5308: 5287: 5281:mfa.gov.by/en/ 5268: 5255:belarus.by/en/ 5242: 5216: 5204: 5192: 5167: 5136: 5122: 5108: 5082: 5071:on 18 May 2022 5056: 5033: 5002: 4995: 4977: 4952: 4938: 4918: 4892: 4870: 4845: 4820: 4794: 4787: 4769: 4754: 4747: 4729: 4717: 4702: 4674: 4648: 4622: 4597: 4572: 4554: 4536: 4511: 4486: 4464: 4449:(in Russian). 4438: 4415: 4401: 4381: 4356: 4334: 4316:Астаповіч, A. 4308: 4282: 4255: 4229: 4220: 4204: 4184: 4152: 4145: 4124: 4104: 4079: 4052: 4021: 4008: 3982: 3940: 3885: 3871: 3844: 3811: 3779: 3749: 3725: 3716: 3670: 3641: 3616: 3600:"Urkundenbuch" 3591: 3577: 3554: 3543: 3507: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3467: 3464: 3463: 3462: 3453: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3434: 3421: 3408: 3395: 3382: 3369: 3366:Rancho Cordova 3356: 3343: 3330: 3317: 3304: 3291: 3278: 3265: 3251: 3242: 3239: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3202: 3189: 3183:King of Poland 3175: 3174: 3173:Died in Grodno 3170: 3169: 3160: 3153:Czesław Niemen 3150: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3107:Pyotr Stolypin 3104: 3098:L. L. Zamenhof 3095: 3089: 3083: 3073: 3067: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3026:Pavel Savitski 3023: 3017: 3011: 3001: 2992: 2986: 2980: 2977:Victor Aladjev 2974: 2968: 2955: 2949: 2943: 2930: 2924: 2911: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2890:David Rubinoff 2887: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2852: 2846: 2840: 2834:Juliusz Rómmel 2831: 2829:Katyn Massacre 2822: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2787: 2786: 2781: 2780:Notable people 2778: 2769: 2766: 2737: 2734: 2730: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2707: 2704: 2653: 2650: 2636:Grodno Airport 2619: 2616: 2554: 2547: 2546: 2542: 2535: 2534: 2533: 2529: 2528: 2527: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2473: 2471: 2464: 2458: 2455: 2431:Kalozha Church 2425:, 12th century 2405: 2402: 2396:to design the 2390:Eastern Europe 2365: 2362: 2320:Polish culture 2303: 2300: 2296: 2295: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2239: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2197:sunshine hours 2192: 2191: 2188: 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4689: 4684: 4678: 4663: 4659: 4652: 4637: 4636:Schengen.news 4633: 4626: 4611: 4607: 4601: 4586: 4582: 4576: 4568: 4564: 4558: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4525: 4521: 4515: 4500: 4496: 4490: 4474: 4468: 4452: 4448: 4442: 4426: 4419: 4404: 4398: 4394: 4393: 4385: 4370: 4366: 4360: 4344: 4338: 4323: 4319: 4312: 4296: 4292: 4286: 4270: 4266: 4259: 4243: 4239: 4233: 4224: 4217: 4213: 4208: 4200: 4199: 4198:Радыё Свабода 4194: 4188: 4172: 4168: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4148: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4128: 4121: 4120:0-901342-24-6 4117: 4113: 4108: 4093: 4089: 4083: 4067: 4063: 4056: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4025: 4018: 4012: 3996: 3992: 3986: 3978: 3972: 3956: 3955: 3950: 3944: 3936: 3930: 3913: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3889: 3874: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3859: 3851: 3849: 3832: 3831: 3826: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3799: 3795: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3767: 3763: 3756: 3754: 3747: 3743: 3742:0-299-19464-7 3739: 3735: 3729: 3720: 3713: 3710: 3709:Indo-European 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3680: 3674: 3658: 3657: 3652: 3645: 3630: 3626: 3620: 3605: 3601: 3595: 3587: 3581: 3573: 3572:zetgrodno.com 3569: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3552: 3547: 3531: 3527: 3526:belsat.gov.by 3523: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3508: 3498: 3497:Grodno Ghetto 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3460: 3459: 3454: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3442: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3237: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3217:Nachum Kaplan 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3192:Saint Casimir 3190: 3188: 3184: 3181:(1427–1492), 3180: 3177: 3176: 3172: 3171: 3168: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3140:Solomon Perel 3138: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078:(1733–1785), 3077: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3062: 3059:(1350–1430), 3058: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2993: 2990: 2987: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2927:Zelik Epstein 2925: 2923: 2919: 2916:(1909–2001), 2915: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882:(1896–1962), 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2863:Wayne Gretzky 2860: 2856: 2855:Anton Gretzky 2853: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2777: 2775: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2755: 2750: 2742: 2733: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2709: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2668:Neman Stadium 2662: 2661:Neman Stadium 2658: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2639: 2637: 2629: 2624: 2615: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2591: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2568:Batory Square 2565: 2551: 2539: 2519: 2516: 2508: 2505:February 2012 2498: 2494: 2490: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2474:This section 2472: 2468: 2463: 2462: 2454: 2452: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2437:(Belarusian: 2436: 2432: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2415: 2410: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2382:Stefan Batory 2379: 2375: 2371: 2361: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2338: 2334: 2332: 2327: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2308: 2292: 2287: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2240: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195:Mean monthly 2193: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2057: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1988: 1987:precipitation 1983: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1913: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1843: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1773: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1703: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1633: 1589: 1584: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1564: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1502:Shaar ha-Tora 1498: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1451: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1436: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1385: 1378: 1373: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1357:Grodno Ghetto 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1334: 1333:Joseph Stalin 1330: 1326: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1283: 1280: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1232: 1223: 1221: 1218:was moved to 1217: 1208: 1204: 1202: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1152: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1121:Grodno Region 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1069: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1053:the Holocaust 1049: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1008: 1006: 1002: 997: 995: 991: 987: 979: 975: 970: 966: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 931: 929: 928:Magdeburg Law 925: 915: 909: 897: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 878:Old Prussians 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 830: 828: 824: 819: 817: 814: 810: 806: 802: 799:, who became 798: 794: 790: 789:Grodno Region 786: 779: 777: 773: 760: 747: 734: 721: 709: 697: 685: 673: 661: 640: 632: 627: 621: 616: 611: 605: 599: 593: 588: 578: 568: 566: 561: 559: 554: 550: 539: 535: 532: 529: 528: 524: 521: 518: 517: 513: 510: 507: 506: 502: 499: 496: 495: 491: 488: 485: 484: 480: 477: 474: 473: 469: 466: 463: 462: 458: 455: 452: 451: 447: 444: 441: 440: 434: 429: 426: 425: 419: 417: 413: 412:Grodno Region 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 380: 368: 364: 360: 356: 348: 344: 336: 333: 329: 325: 323:License plate 321: 317: 315: 311: 305: 301: 297: 293: 290: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 242: 239:Andrej Chmiel 238: 234: 229: 225: 221: 218: 217:Grodno Region 215: 213: 209: 206: 203: 199: 194: 166:Coordinates: 164: 135: 102: 92: 82: 72: 64: 60: 55: 32: 26: 22: 6053: 5903: 5902: 5805: 5804: 5684: 5613: 5605: 5597: 5582: 5562:(in English) 5539: 5525: 5509: 5495: 5476: 5448: 5441:William Coxe 5420: 5398: 5376:. Retrieved 5372: 5363: 5351:. Retrieved 5346: 5337: 5328: 5324: 5311: 5299:. Retrieved 5290: 5280: 5271: 5254: 5245: 5228: 5219: 5207: 5195: 5183:. Retrieved 5179: 5170: 5158:. Retrieved 5154:the original 5125: 5111: 5099:. Retrieved 5095:the original 5085: 5073:. Retrieved 5069:the original 5059: 5042: 5036: 5011: 5005: 4986: 4980: 4968:. Retrieved 4964: 4955: 4943:. Retrieved 4928: 4921: 4909:. Retrieved 4905:the original 4895: 4883:. Retrieved 4873: 4861:. Retrieved 4857: 4848: 4836:. Retrieved 4833:193.0.118.54 4832: 4823: 4811:. Retrieved 4807:the original 4797: 4778: 4772: 4763: 4757: 4738: 4732: 4720: 4693:. Retrieved 4686: 4677: 4665:. Retrieved 4662:Travel.gc.ca 4661: 4651: 4639:. Retrieved 4635: 4625: 4613:. Retrieved 4609: 4600: 4588:. Retrieved 4584: 4575: 4566: 4557: 4548: 4539: 4527:. Retrieved 4523: 4514: 4502:. Retrieved 4498: 4489: 4477:. Retrieved 4467: 4455:. Retrieved 4441: 4429:. Retrieved 4418: 4406:. Retrieved 4391: 4384: 4372:. Retrieved 4368: 4359: 4347:. 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Retrieved 3530:the original 3525: 3456: 3355:, Azerbaijan 3244: 3196:patron saint 3134:Vasil’ Bykaw 3044:Danil Kopach 2922:Hebrew Bible 2896:Meyer Lansky 2843:Karol Rómmel 2771: 2762: 2758: 2751: 2747: 2731: 2665: 2647: 2643:trolleybuses 2640: 2633: 2605: 2592: 2561: 2511: 2502: 2487:Please help 2475: 2447: 2438: 2428: 2412: 2367: 2364:Architecture 2343: 2328: 2313: 2310:Lenin Square 1989:mm (inches) 1570: 1557:Haradničanka 1546: 1538: 1534: 1523: 1506:Shimon Shkop 1499: 1488: 1477: 1452: 1444: 1439: 1431: 1411: 1405: 1390: 1338: 1320:Druskininkai 1284: 1253: 1226:World War II 1213: 1197:23 September 1157: 1092: 1074: 1050: 1039: 1009: 998: 983: 932: 921: 872:. After the 831: 826: 820: 782: 775: 759:Soviet Union 746:Nazi Germany 733:Soviet Union 651: 577:Taraškievica 574: 562: 546: 362: 342: 341: 85:Coat of arms 25: 5570:(in Polish) 5391:Works cited 5378:27 November 4885:28 November 4858:Weatherbase 4244:(in German) 2989:Olga Korbut 2961: [ 2941:Tzipi Livni 2933:Eitan Livni 2849:Leib Naidus 2838:Polish Army 2600:Bridgettine 2378:Renaissance 1551:River, the 1316:Dieveniškės 1254:During the 1246:(left) and 1216:voivodeship 1172:Polish Army 992:during the 947:New Castles 832:Along with 801:Lithuanized 797:Yotvingians 761:(1944–1991) 748:(1941–1944) 735:(1939–1941) 722:(1919–1939) 698:(1918–1919) 686:(1795–1917) 674:(1569–1795) 662:(1391–1569) 571:Other names 553:Dregoviches 549:Yotvingians 396:Neman River 303:Postal code 188: / 6084:Categories 5955:Novogrudok 5925:Byarozawka 5910:Astravyets 5847:Novogrudok 5812:Astravyets 5743:Novogrudok 5703:Astravyets 5353:12 January 4970:3 February 4813:12 January 4567:Mfa.gov.by 4524:Belarus.by 4499:Belarus.by 4369:Culture.pl 4062:"Gardinas" 3701:Lithuanian 3503:References 3433:, Slovakia 3288:Dzerzhinsk 3275:Cheboksary 3245:Grodno is 3234:See also: 2952:Paul Baran 2859:ice hockey 2628:trolleybus 2566:stands on 1312:Švenčionys 1093:Belarusian 1087:under the 999:After the 935:royal city 854:Lithuanian 834:Navahrudak 785:East Slavs 639:(Grodne). 384:Lithuanian 367:Belarusian 265:Population 231:Government 5985:Vawkavysk 5975:Shchuchyn 5960:Skidzyel’ 5940:Karelichy 5930:Dzyatlava 5872:Vawkavysk 5862:Shchuchyn 5832:Karelichy 5822:Dzyatlava 5768:Vawkavysk 5748:Shchuchyn 5728:Karelichy 5713:Dzyatlava 5681:Districts 5626:JewishGen 5614:(Belarus) 5606:(Belarus) 5598:(Belarus) 5583:(Belarus) 5465:23349695M 5185:23 August 5051:0266-7452 5020:0266-7452 4863:23 August 4838:23 August 4088:"History" 3971:cite book 3446:Lithuania 3342:, Germany 3200:Lithuania 3102:Esperanto 2795:Gediminas 2706:Education 2700:Grodno-93 2618:Transport 2476:does not 2451:Vaŭkavysk 1561:Yurysdyka 1543:Geography 1530:Treblinka 1526:Auschwitz 1401:1955–1959 1397:1944–1946 1260:Wehrmacht 1220:Białystok 1168:Białystok 1109:temporary 1095:name—the 1025:. In the 1023:abdicated 1010:In 1795, 1007:in 1793. 965:in 1793. 858:Mindaugas 805:Lithuania 629:, and in 314:Area code 287:Time zone 257:Elevation 5980:Svislach 5915:Ashmyany 5882:Voranava 5867:Svislach 5817:Ashmyany 5796:District 5773:Voranava 5763:Svislach 5698:Ashmyany 5589:Archived 5536:"Grodno" 5492:"Grodno" 5473:"Grodno" 5445:"Grodno" 5443:(1784). 5417:"Гродно" 5028:62554332 4911:25 April 4713:ЭЕЭ 2005 4171:Alkas.lt 3951:(1924). 3766:Alkas.lt 3691:, i.e., 3634:7 August 3609:7 August 3536:12 April 3466:See also 3420:, Russia 3407:, Russia 3394:, Russia 3381:, Russia 3329:, France 3316:, Serbia 3314:Kraljevo 3303:, Russia 3290:, Russia 3277:, Russia 3264:, Israel 3262:Ashkelon 3144:Komsomol 2404:Medieval 2374:Vytautas 2242:Percent 2147:Average 2054:(21.53) 1985:Average 1980:(−33.3) 1975:(−24.9) 1930:(−16.4) 1925:(−33.3) 1920:(−28.7) 1515:Judenrat 1480:Vytautas 1415:' Church 1413:Vytautas 1303:deported 1291:occupied 1279:Red Army 1177:Red Army 1164:Ober Ost 1077:occupied 980:monarchs 882:Vytautas 856:origin ( 610:Gardinas 388:Gardinas 6069:Vitebsk 6064:Mogilev 5970:Smarhon 5857:Smarhon 5798:centres 5758:Smarhon 5674:Belarus 5575:in the 5548:1328163 5265:Belarus 5261:Belarus 5101:7 April 5075:7 April 4929:Belarus 4695:23 June 4667:23 June 4641:23 June 4615:23 June 4590:23 June 4529:23 June 4504:23 June 4479:23 June 4457:23 June 4431:23 June 4408:23 June 4374:23 June 4349:23 June 4327:23 June 4301:23 June 4275:23 June 4269:Autc.lt 4177:22 June 4122:Page 36 4097:22 June 4072:22 June 4001:22 June 3961:22 June 3919:22 June 3878:22 June 3837:22 June 3804:22 June 3772:22 June 3689:gorodit 3663:22 June 3418:Vologda 3327:Limoges 3247:twinned 3080:starost 2861:player 2736:Culture 2596:Vilnius 2497:removed 2482:sources 2457:Baroque 2414:Kalozha 2386:autopsy 2049:(1.48) 2044:(1.52) 2039:(1.65) 2034:(1.90) 2029:(2.25) 2024:(3.21) 2019:(2.35) 2014:(2.13) 2009:(1.36) 2004:(1.21) 1999:(1.19) 1994:(1.28) 1970:(−3.6) 1960:(24.3) 1955:(29.5) 1950:(37.4) 1945:(30.7) 1940:(21.2) 1935:(15.3) 1910:(39.0) 1905:(25.7) 1900:(32.9) 1895:(39.4) 1890:(47.7) 1885:(55.2) 1880:(56.1) 1875:(52.3) 1870:(46.0) 1865:(37.6) 1860:(28.8) 1855:(23.4) 1850:(22.5) 1840:(45.7) 1835:(29.3) 1830:(36.5) 1825:(45.1) 1820:(55.4) 1815:(64.6) 1810:(65.7) 1805:(61.9) 1800:(55.8) 1795:(46.2) 1790:(34.5) 1785:(27.7) 1780:(26.2) 1770:(53.2) 1765:(32.9) 1760:(40.5) 1755:(52.0) 1750:(64.6) 1745:(75.0) 1740:(75.6) 1735:(71.8) 1730:(66.0) 1725:(55.8) 1720:(41.5) 1715:(32.5) 1710:(30.2) 1700:(97.2) 1695:(54.9) 1690:(63.0) 1685:(77.4) 1680:(93.6) 1675:(97.2) 1670:(96.3) 1665:(93.2) 1660:(89.6) 1655:(84.6) 1650:(76.5) 1645:(59.0) 1640:(59.4) 1567:Climate 1563:River. 1553:Lasosna 1081:Germany 827:Goroden 816:princes 813:Rurikid 787:to the 776:present 772:Belarus 643:History 636:גראָדנע 631:Yiddish 615:Latvian 582:Горадня 533:355,932 522:327,540 511:301,600 500:270,535 489:194,775 478:132,471 392:Belarus 347:Russian 331:Website 318:+375-15 273:361,115 223:Founded 205:Belarus 201:Country 176:23°50′E 173:53°40′N 6090:Grodno 6054:Grodno 5965:Slonim 5920:Bruzgi 5904:Grodno 5852:Slonim 5806:Grodno 5753:Slonim 5718:Grodno 5687:raiony 5579:(1881) 5573:Grodno 5546: 5463: 5457:654136 5455: 5405: 5331:(803). 5325:Voruta 5301:20 May 5049: 5026: 5018: 4993: 4945:31 May 4936: 4785: 4745: 4585:Gov.uk 4451:Belsat 4399: 4143: 4118: 3869: 3740: 3695:(see " 3431:Žilina 3392:Tambov 3340:Minden 3301:Khimki 3249:with: 2918:Hebrew 2692:Pyshki 2576:Jesuit 2572:Soviet 2570:(now: 2354:Polish 2237:1,748 1965:(7.7) 1591:Month 1460:Grodno 1341:German 1299:Polish 1113:Kaunas 1012:Russia 941:. The 924:Jewish 890:powiat 864:state— 862:Baltic 795:tribe 793:Baltic 774:(1991– 769: 756: 743: 730: 710:(1920) 626:Garten 620:Grodņa 604:Grodno 592:Grodna 514:+11.5% 503:+38.9% 492:+47.0% 481:+81.6% 470:+48.3% 467:72,943 456:49,200 445:46,919 371:Гродна 363:Hrodna 359:Grodno 355:Polish 351:Гродно 343:Grodno 307:230000 212:Region 147:Grodno 114:Grodno 51:Hrodna 46:Гродно 40:Гродна 35:Grodno 6059:Minsk 6049:Gomel 6044:Brest 5950:Masty 5887:Zelva 5842:Masty 5778:Zelva 5738:Masty 5321:(PDF) 5160:5 May 4248:7 May 4045:7 May 3687:verb 2965:] 2937:Irgun 2652:Sport 2417:, an 2130:0.03 2052:546.6 1978:−36.3 1973:−31.6 1968:−19.8 1963:−13.5 1928:−26.9 1923:−36.3 1918:−33.7 1630:Year 1549:Neman 1456:Brest 1101:Minsk 613:, in 587:Latin 536:+8.7% 525:+8.6% 459:+4.9% 400:Minsk 361:) or 292:UTC+3 5945:Lida 5935:Iwye 5837:Lida 5827:Iwye 5733:Lida 5723:Iwye 5544:OCLC 5453:OCLC 5403:ISBN 5380:2019 5355:2020 5303:2022 5237:and 5187:2020 5162:2012 5103:2019 5077:2019 5047:ISSN 5024:OCLC 5016:ISSN 4991:ISBN 4972:2019 4947:2017 4934:ISBN 4913:2017 4887:2015 4865:2020 4840:2020 4815:2013 4783:ISBN 4743:ISBN 4697:2024 4669:2024 4643:2024 4617:2024 4592:2024 4531:2024 4506:2024 4481:2024 4459:2024 4433:2024 4410:2024 4397:ISBN 4376:2024 4351:2024 4329:2024 4303:2024 4277:2024 4250:2022 4179:2024 4141:ISBN 4116:ISBN 4099:2024 4074:2024 4047:2012 4003:2024 3977:link 3963:2024 3935:link 3921:2024 3880:2024 3867:ISBN 3839:2024 3806:2024 3774:2024 3738:ISBN 3712:word 3697:grad 3665:2024 3636:2023 3611:2023 3538:2024 3185:and 2586:and 2562:The 2480:any 2478:cite 2329:The 2225:174 2222:240 2219:262 2216:261 2213:235 2210:177 2207:140 2151:(%) 2118:0.1 2098:149 2047:37.5 2042:38.6 2037:41.9 2032:48.2 2027:57.1 2022:81.5 2017:59.8 2012:54.0 2007:34.6 2002:30.7 1997:30.1 1992:32.6 1958:−4.3 1953:−1.4 1943:−0.7 1938:−6.0 1933:−9.3 1903:−3.5 1883:12.9 1878:13.4 1873:11.3 1858:−1.8 1853:−4.8 1848:−5.3 1833:−1.5 1818:13.0 1813:18.1 1808:18.7 1803:16.6 1798:13.2 1783:−2.4 1778:−3.2 1768:11.8 1753:11.1 1748:18.1 1743:23.9 1738:24.2 1733:22.1 1728:18.9 1723:13.2 1708:−1.0 1698:36.2 1693:12.7 1688:17.2 1683:25.2 1678:34.2 1673:36.2 1668:35.7 1663:34.0 1658:32.0 1653:29.2 1648:24.7 1643:15.0 1638:15.2 1627:Dec 1624:Nov 1621:Oct 1618:Sep 1615:Aug 1612:Jul 1609:Jun 1606:May 1603:Apr 1600:Mar 1597:Feb 1594:Jan 1571:The 1399:and 1375:The 1277:the 988:and 972:The 945:and 530:2019 519:2009 508:1999 497:1989 486:1979 475:1970 464:1959 453:1939 442:1897 431:Pop. 427:Year 414:and 375:IPA: 244:Area 226:1127 75:Flag 59:City 5624:at 4137:IPN 3907:doi 3198:of 2690:in 2491:by 2433:of 2421:of 2284:39 2281:13 2278:15 2275:29 2272:46 2269:52 2266:51 2263:52 2260:48 2257:42 2254:38 2251:22 2248:16 2234:29 2231:38 2228:94 2204:59 2201:39 2190:80 2187:89 2184:89 2181:85 2178:81 2175:74 2172:74 2169:74 2166:71 2163:72 2160:80 2157:85 2154:87 2142:71 2139:15 2112:11 2109:17 2106:16 2095:11 2092:13 2089:14 2086:14 2083:13 2080:15 2077:15 2074:15 2071:12 2068:10 2062:10 1948:3.0 1908:3.9 1898:0.5 1893:4.1 1888:8.7 1868:7.8 1863:3.1 1838:7.6 1828:2.5 1823:7.3 1793:7.9 1788:1.4 1763:0.5 1758:4.7 1718:5.3 1713:0.3 1577:Dfb 1147:). 1079:by 1046:Ufa 943:Old 892:in 825:as 633:as 617:as 598:-ae 296:MSK 6086:: 5672:, 5538:. 5524:. 5508:. 5494:. 5475:. 5461:OL 5459:. 5447:. 5419:. 5371:. 5345:. 5329:13 5323:. 5279:. 5253:. 5227:. 5178:. 5139:^ 5022:. 4963:. 4856:. 4831:. 4705:^ 4685:. 4660:. 4634:. 4608:. 4583:. 4565:. 4547:. 4522:. 4497:. 4367:. 4320:. 4293:. 4267:. 4240:. 4214:, 4195:. 4169:. 4155:^ 4090:. 4064:. 4033:. 3993:. 3973:}} 3969:{{ 3931:}} 3927:{{ 3897:. 3847:^ 3827:. 3814:^ 3796:. 3782:^ 3764:. 3752:^ 3744:, 3653:. 3627:. 3602:. 3570:. 3557:^ 3524:. 3511:^ 2963:pl 2797:, 2694:; 2686:; 2682:, 2626:A 2360:. 2136:8 2133:1 2127:0 2124:0 2121:0 2115:3 2065:7 1470:. 1327:, 1318:, 1314:, 1048:. 996:. 930:. 896:. 778:) 560:. 436:±% 386:: 382:; 373:, 369:: 357:: 353:; 349:: 43:• 6024:e 6017:t 6010:v 5689:) 5685:( 5654:e 5647:t 5640:v 5550:. 5467:. 5411:. 5382:. 5357:. 5305:. 5283:. 5257:. 5231:. 5189:. 5164:. 5105:. 5079:. 5053:. 5030:. 4999:. 4974:. 4949:. 4915:. 4889:. 4867:. 4842:. 4817:. 4791:. 4751:. 4727:. 4715:. 4699:. 4671:. 4645:. 4619:. 4594:. 4569:. 4551:. 4533:. 4508:. 4483:. 4461:. 4435:. 4412:. 4378:. 4353:. 4331:. 4305:. 4279:. 4252:. 4181:. 4149:. 4101:. 4076:. 4049:. 4005:. 3979:) 3965:. 3937:) 3923:. 3909:: 3882:. 3841:. 3808:. 3776:. 3714:. 3681:. 3667:. 3638:. 3613:. 3574:. 3540:. 3452:. 3010:. 2518:) 2512:( 2507:) 2503:( 2499:. 2485:. 1458:- 1438:( 595:( 365:( 345:( 326:4 298:) 294:( 23:.

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