672:
197:
31:
597:
75:
50:
663:, which happens after 141 days. Chick will generally not return to the colony for 6–7 years after fledging, and will not breed for the first time until several years after that. If a pair has managed to successfully raise a chick it will not breed in the following year, taking the year off. During this time spent away from the colony they can cover great distances, often circling the globe several times.
691:
due to rapidly declining numbers in South
Georgia which holds around half the world's population. It has an occurrence range of 79,000,000 km (31,000,000 sq mi) and a breeding range of 1,800 km (690 sq mi), with a population, estimated in 2004, of 250,000. Estimates
346:
The grey-headed albatross averages 81 cm (32 in) in length and 2.2 m (7.2 ft) in wingspan. Weight can range from 2.8 to 4.4 kg (6.2 to 9.7 lb), with a mean mass of 3.65 kg (8.0 lb). It has a dark ashy-grey head, throat, and upper neck, and its upper wings,
351:
is black, with bright yellow upper and lower ridges, that shades to pink-orange at the tip. Its underwings are white with a lot of black on the leading edge and less on the trailing edge. Juveniles have a black bill and head and a darker nape. Its eye crescent is indistinct and its underwing is
730:
registered 1.75% reduction per year until 1992 and now appears to be stable. Campbell Island has seen reduction of 79% to 87% since the 1940s. Overall, the trends looks like a 30-40% reduction over 90 years (3 generations). Illegal or unregulated fishing in the
1795:
Poncet, S.; Robertson, G.; Phillips, R. A.; Lawton, K.; Phalan, B.; Trathan, P. N.; Croxall, J. P. (2006). "Status and distribution of wandering Black-browed and Grey-headed
Albatrosses breeding at South Georgia".
294:, although the nostrils of an albatross are on the sides of the bill. The bills of Procellariiformes are also unique in that they are split into between seven and nine horny plates. Finally, they produce a
658:
have shown that the growing chick is fed 616 g (21.7 oz) of food every 1.2 days, with the chick increasing in weight to around 4,900 g (170 oz). Chicks then tend to lose weight before
641:
is less important as a food source for this species, reflecting their more pelagic feeding range. They are capable of diving as deep as 7 m (23 ft) to chase prey, but do not do so frequently.
1854:
Prince, P. A.; Croxall, J. P.; Trathan, P. N.; Wood, A. G. (1998). "The pelagic distribution of South
Georgia albatrosses and their relationships with fisheries". In Robertson, G.; Gales, R. (eds.).
1326:
Cherel, Y.; Weimerskirch, H.; Trouve, C. (2002). "Dietary evidence for spatial foraging segregation in sympatric albatrosses (Diomedea spp.) rearing chicks at Iles
Nuageuses, Kerguelen".
2121:
1544:. 8. Vol. Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins. Joseph E. Trumpey, Chief Scientific Illustrator (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 107–111.
314:
situated above the nasal passage that helps desalinate their bodies, to compensate for the ocean water they imbibe. It excretes a concentrated brine from the nostrils.
1919:
Xavier, J. C.; Croxall, J. P.; Trathan, P. N.; Wood, A. G. (2003). "Feeding strategies and diets of breeding grey-headed and wandering albatrosses at South
Georgia".
1481:
Croxall, J. P.; Silk, J.R.D.; Phillips, R.A.; Afanasyev, V.; Briggs, D.R. (2005). "Global
Circumnavigations: Tracking year-round ranges of nonbreeding Albatrosses".
1676:
Nel, D. C.; Ryan, P. G.; Crawford, R. J. M.; Cooper, J.; Huyser, O. (2002). "Population trends of albatrosses and petrels at sub-Antarctic Marion Island".
1752:"Seasonal sexual segregation of two Thalassarche albatross species: competitive exclusion, reproductive role specialization or foraging niche divergence?"
1472:
Croxall, J. P.; Prince, P. A.; Rothery, P.; Wood, A. G. (1998). "Population changes in albatrosses at South
Georgia". In Robertson, G.; Gales, R. (eds.).
1420:
Crawford, R. J. M.; Cooper, J.; Dyer, B. M.; Greyling, M.; Klages, N. T. W.; Ryan, P. G.; Petersen, S.; Underhill, L. G.; Upfold, L.; et al. (2003).
1713:
Nel, D. C.; Ryan, P. G.; Watkins, B. P. (2002a). "Seabird mortality in the
Patagonian Toothfish longline fishery around the Prince Edward Islands".
1592:
1540:
Double, M. C. (2003). "Procellariiformes (Tubenosed
Seabirds)". In Hutchins, Michael; Jackson, Jerome A.; Bock, Walter J.; Olendorf, Donna (eds.).
2518:
2186:
310:. This is used against predators as well as an energy rich food source for chicks and for the adults during their long flights. They also have a
1968:
588:
area forage for food in the sub-tropical zone. Juveniles or non-breeding adults fly freely throughout all the southern oceans, north to 35°S.
2251:
1833:
Prince, P. A. (1980). "The food and feeding ecology of Grey-headed
Albatross Diomedea chrysostoma and Black-rowed Albatross D. melanophris".
1962:
2533:
2493:
1222:
2452:
2160:
2465:
2212:
1643:"Exploitation of mesoscale oceanographic features by Grey-headed Albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma in the southern Indian Ocean"
1318:
1295:
1363:
Clay, T.A.; Small, C.; Tuck, G.N.; Pardo, D; Carneiro, A.P.B.; Wood, A.G.; Croxall, J.P.; Crossin, G.T.; Phillips, R.A. (2019).
2558:
2548:
2523:
1463:
Croxall, J. P.; Gales, R. (1998). "Assessment of the conservation status of albatrosses". In Robertson, G.; Gales, R. (eds.).
2310:
1618:
1576:
1549:
1410:
1270:
871:
2470:
2217:
2543:
2362:
2528:
2024:
1756:
2367:
1906:
Taylor, G. A. (2000). "Action plan for seabird conservation in New Zealand. Wellington: Department of Conservation".
1534:
671:
2553:
2385:
2064:
54:
2256:
290:. They share certain identifying features. First, they have nasal passages that attach to the upper bill called
1398:
347:
mantle, and tail, are almost black. It has a white rump, underparts, and a white crescent behind its eyes. Its
1168:
Arata, J.; Moreno, C. A. (2002). "Progress report of Chilean research on albatross ecology and conservation".
2513:
2238:
247:
1170:
Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources Working Group on Fish Stock Assessment
581:
565:
429:
2269:
2503:
2199:
2046:
1641:
Nel, D. C.; Lutjeharms, J. R. E.; Pakhomov, E. A.; Ansorge, I. J.; Ryan, P. G.; Klages, N. T. W. (2001).
74:
805:
723:
655:
2538:
2390:
2289:
2077:
1365:"A comprehensive large-scale assessment of fisheries bycatch risk to threatened seabird populations"
2264:
1600:
Gales, R. (1998). "Albatross populations: status and threats". In Robertson, G.; Gales, R. (eds.).
1863:
Ryan, P. G.; Cooper, J.; Dyer, B. M.; Underhill, L. G.; Crawford, R. J. M.; Bester, M. N. (2003).
2508:
2354:
2038:
1974:
186:
2341:
2051:
1611:
Latin Names Explained A Guide to the Scientific Classifications of Reptiles, Birds & Mammals
2191:
2085:
1986:
1568:
2230:
541:
196:
2498:
2377:
2336:
2279:
1312:
1289:
751:
701:
557:
414:
169:
2328:
2147:
2090:
2033:
1928:
1876:
1805:
1722:
1685:
1654:
1490:
1433:
1376:
1335:
1193:
736:
693:
533:
382:
2403:
2126:
1179:"Diet of Grey-headed Albatrosses at Diego Ramirez Islands, Chile: ecological implications"
8:
1628:
Moore, P. J. (2004). "Abundance and population trends of mollymawks on Campbell Island".
1307:. Hobart, Australia: Committee for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources.
1284:. Hobart, Australia: Committee for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources.
782:
759:
490:
39:
30:
1932:
1880:
1809:
1726:
1689:
1658:
1494:
1437:
1380:
1339:
1242:
1197:
1178:
1944:
1894:
1846:
1821:
1778:
1751:
1738:
1701:
1586:
1561:
1514:
1451:
1351:
1209:
688:
676:
204:
69:
1865:"Counts of surface-nesting seabirds breeding at Prince Edward Islands, Summer 2001/02"
2439:
2323:
2108:
1783:
1614:
1572:
1545:
1530:
1506:
1406:
1266:
867:
717:
650:
A single egg is laid in a large nest, typically built on steep slopes or cliffs with
614:
545:
475:
271:
126:
1948:
1898:
1825:
1742:
1705:
1518:
1455:
1355:
1213:
2444:
2430:
2113:
1936:
1884:
1842:
1813:
1773:
1765:
1730:
1693:
1662:
1498:
1441:
1384:
1343:
1201:
800:
755:
750:
To assist this species, studies are being undertaken at most of the islands. Also,
744:
709:
569:
445:
327:
243:
2297:
2100:
613:, more so than other mollymawks, feeding in the open oceans rather than over the
2243:
743:
resulted in 10–20,000 dead albatrosses, mainly this species, in 1997 and 1998.
1750:
Phillips, R. A.; Silk, J. R. D.; Phalan, B.; Catry, P.; Croxall, J. P. (2004).
549:
529:
460:
307:
251:
1940:
1889:
1864:
1817:
1734:
1446:
1421:
1347:
1205:
596:
2487:
2225:
2009:
1177:
Arata, J.; Robertson, G.; Valencia, J.; Xavier, J. C.; Moreno, C. A. (2004).
791:
727:
713:
697:
651:
585:
553:
398:
303:
287:
59:
2204:
1502:
1389:
1364:
1787:
1769:
1510:
1422:"Populations of surface nesting seabirds at Marion Island, 1994/95-2002/03"
732:
561:
283:
1697:
2349:
2302:
2173:
2018:
573:
295:
267:
1609:
Gotch, A. F. (1995) . "Albatrosses, Fulmars, Shearwaters, and Petrels".
1243:"Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification - Diomedea subg. Thalassogeron -"
2457:
2398:
2165:
1667:
1642:
1476:. Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty & Sons. pp. 69–83.
630:
311:
275:
1141:
1116:
864:
Albatrosses and Petrels across the World (Bird Families of the World)
622:
299:
291:
255:
240:
146:
136:
86:
2178:
1980:
2424:
2139:
2003:
580:. While breeding, they will forage for food within or south of the
537:
258:. Its name derives from its ashy-gray head, throat and upper neck.
254:
and feeding at high latitudes, further south than any of the other
106:
2152:
2072:
634:
626:
610:
532:
on several islands in the Southern Ocean, with large colonies on
236:
2315:
2059:
1567:(First ed.). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. pp.
1525:
del Hoyo, Josep, Elliott, Andrew & Sargatal, Jordi (1992).
660:
279:
96:
1282:
Report of the XVII Meeting of the Scientific Committee. Hobart
776:
774:
2134:
1794:
1305:
Report of the XVI Meeting of the Scientific Committee. Hobart
705:
638:
618:
577:
266:
Mollymawks are a type of albatross that belong to the family
1640:
1480:
1176:
722:
Populations have been shrinking based on different studies.
1559:
Ehrlich, Paul R.; Dobkin, David, S.; Wheye, Darryl (1988).
771:
726:
numbers have been reduced 20% to 30% in the last 30 years.
684:
348:
116:
1419:
1918:
1853:
1471:
1325:
654:, and incubated for 72 days. Studies at South Georgia's
1862:
1858:. Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty & Sons.
1749:
1604:. Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty & Sons.
1467:. Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty & Sons.
1405:(6th ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1220:
780:
754:
is a special nature preserve, and Campbell Island and
1675:
1223:"Grey-headed Albatross - BirdLife Species Factsheet"
338:
means "the mouth", in reference to its golden bill.
1560:
1558:
1362:
806:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698398A132644834.en
704:, 7,800 pairs on Campbell Island, 16,408 pairs in
250:distribution, nesting on isolated islands in the
2485:
1403:The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World
1712:
1636:. Wellington, NZ: Department of Conservation.
1613:. New York, NY: Facts on File. p. 191.
1591:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1462:
1167:
609:At sea the grey-headed albatross is highly
195:
48:
29:
1908:Threatened Species Occasional Publication
1888:
1777:
1666:
1445:
1388:
804:
1397:
1263:Albatrosses And Petrels Across The World
1045:
1038:
1036:
997:
670:
595:
1977:- Christopher Taylor Nature Photography
1265:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
1081:
970:
907:
2519:Birds of islands of the Atlantic Ocean
2486:
1905:
1832:
1539:
1302:
1279:
1260:
1240:
1072:
1063:
1024:
988:
979:
952:
943:
934:
898:
1985:
1984:
1627:
1608:
1599:
1261:Brooke, M. (2004). "Procellariidae".
1033:
1015:
961:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
2290:3262d895-df41-49ba-a2e3-917558ddae20
1099:
1090:
1054:
1006:
355:
1317:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
1294:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
1117:"New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands"
916:
792:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
2534:Fauna of the Prince Edward Islands
1856:Albatross biology and conservation
1847:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1980.tb00902.x
1757:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
1602:Albatross biology and conservation
1542:Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
1474:Albatross biology and conservation
1465:Albatross biology and conservation
1139:
1114:
876:
866:. Oxford University Press (2004),
14:
2570:
1956:
1869:African Journal of Marine Science
1426:African Journal of Marine Science
747:is responsible for other deaths.
2494:IUCN Red List endangered species
1529:Vol 1. Barcelona:Lynx Edicions,
528:Grey-headed albatrosses nest in
73:
1221:BirdLife International (2008).
1140:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
1133:
1115:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
1108:
925:
781:BirdLife International (2018).
666:
645:
1647:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1527:Handbook of Birds of the World
1241:Brands, Sheila (14 Aug 2008).
856:
847:
838:
829:
820:
362:Breeding population and trends
341:
1:
2559:Birds of subantarctic islands
2549:Birds of the Campbell Islands
2524:Vulnerable fauna of Australia
1161:
895:BirdLife International (2008)
617:. They feed predominantly on
765:
591:
582:Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone
317:
7:
2544:Birds of the Southern Ocean
261:
10:
2575:
1369:Journal of Applied Ecology
976:Croxall & Gales (1998)
604:
584:. Birds that roost in the
540:, and smaller colonies on
2529:Birds of the Indian Ocean
2414:
1993:
1941:10.1007/s00227-003-1049-0
1890:10.2989/18142320309504033
1818:10.1007/s00300-006-0114-9
1735:10.1017/s0954102002000718
1447:10.2989/18142320309504032
1348:10.1007/s00227-002-0907-5
1206:10.1017/s095410200400207x
1030:Arata & Morena (2002)
799:: e.T22698398A132644834.
621:, taking also some fish,
210:
203:
194:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
2404:Thalassarche-chrysostoma
2127:thalassarche-chrysostoma
2065:thalassarche-chrysostoma
2052:Thalassarche_chrysostoma
2039:Thalassarche_chrysostoma
2025:Thalassarche chrysostoma
1995:Thalassarche chrysostoma
1965:- BirdLife International
1630:Science for Conservation
1247:Project: The Taxonomicon
785:Thalassarche chrysostoma
741:Dissostichus eleginoides
687:classifies this bird as
352:almost completely dark.
228:Thalassarche chrysostoma
179:Thalassarche chrysostoma
2554:Birds described in 1785
1503:10.1126/science.1106042
1390:10.1111/1365-2664.13407
1003:Crawford, et al. (2003)
913:Phillips, et al. (2004)
844:Ehrlich, Paul R. (1988)
1770:10.1098/rspb.2004.2718
931:Clements, James (2007)
692:place 48,000 pairs at
680:
601:
306:that is stored in the
24:Grey-headed albatross
2337:Paleobiology Database
2280:grey-headed-mollymawk
1698:10.1007/s003000100315
1051:Croxall et al. (1998)
994:Poncet, et al. (2006)
958:Xavier, et al. (2003)
949:Cherel, et al. (2002)
904:Prince, et al. (1998)
752:Prince Edward Islands
702:Prince Edward Islands
674:
599:
558:Prince Edward Islands
415:Prince Edward Islands
233:gray-headed mollymawk
223:grey-headed albatross
2514:Birds of New Zealand
2416:Diomedea chrysostoma
1969:Photos and fact file
1563:The Birders Handbook
967:Arata, et al. (2004)
835:Double, M. C. (2003)
760:World Heritage Sites
737:Patagonian toothfish
694:South Georgia Island
383:South Georgia Island
326:is derived from two
231:) also known as the
213:Diomedea chrysostoma
1933:2003MarBi.143..221X
1881:2003AfJMS..25..441R
1810:2006PoBio..29..772P
1764:(1545): 1283–1291.
1727:2002AntSc..14..151N
1690:2002PoBio..25...81N
1659:2001MEPS..217...15N
1495:2005Sci...307..249C
1438:2003AfJMS..25..427C
1381:2019JApEc..56.1882C
1340:2002MarBi.141.1117Y
1198:2004AntSc..16..263A
1012:Ryan, et al. (2003)
853:Gotch, A. F. (1995)
615:continental shelves
542:Islas Diego Ramírez
491:Islas Diego Ramirez
364:
161:T. chrysostoma
40:Conservation status
2504:Birds of Argentina
1668:10.3354/meps217015
1142:"Macquarie Island"
1105:Clay et al. (2019)
1096:Nel et al. (2002a)
922:Nel, et al. (2001)
681:
602:
360:
2481:
2480:
2324:Open Tree of Life
1987:Taxon identifiers
1963:Species factsheet
1715:Antarctic Science
1620:978-0-8160-3377-5
1578:978-0-671-65989-9
1551:978-0-7876-5784-0
1489:(5707): 249–250.
1412:978-0-8014-4501-9
1272:978-0-19-850125-1
1186:Antarctic Science
1060:Nel et al. (2002)
872:978-0-19-850125-1
862:Brooke, Michael,
826:Brands, S. (2008)
718:Kerguelen Islands
700:, 3,000 pairs on
546:Kerguelen Islands
526:
525:
476:Kerguelen Islands
356:Range and habitat
334:means "gold" and
272:Procellariiformes
219:
218:
127:Procellariiformes
63:
2566:
2539:Birds of Uruguay
2474:
2473:
2461:
2460:
2448:
2447:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2407:
2406:
2394:
2393:
2381:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2358:
2357:
2345:
2344:
2332:
2331:
2319:
2318:
2306:
2305:
2293:
2292:
2283:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2260:
2259:
2247:
2246:
2244:NHMSYS0000533951
2234:
2233:
2221:
2220:
2208:
2207:
2195:
2194:
2182:
2181:
2169:
2168:
2156:
2155:
2143:
2142:
2130:
2129:
2117:
2116:
2104:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2081:
2080:
2078:0E4475F65B2A8060
2068:
2067:
2055:
2054:
2042:
2041:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2014:
2013:
2012:
1982:
1981:
1952:
1915:
1902:
1892:
1859:
1850:
1829:
1791:
1781:
1746:
1709:
1672:
1670:
1637:
1624:
1605:
1596:
1590:
1582:
1566:
1555:
1522:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1449:
1416:
1394:
1392:
1375:(6): 1117–1129.
1359:
1334:(6): 1117–1129.
1322:
1316:
1308:
1299:
1293:
1285:
1276:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1217:
1183:
1173:
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1137:
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1128:
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1112:
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1103:
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1061:
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1031:
1028:
1022:
1019:
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1001:
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992:
986:
983:
977:
974:
968:
965:
959:
956:
950:
947:
941:
938:
932:
929:
923:
920:
914:
911:
905:
902:
896:
893:
874:
860:
854:
851:
845:
842:
836:
833:
827:
824:
818:
817:
815:
813:
808:
778:
756:Macquarie Island
745:Longline fishing
710:Macquarie Island
679:, Southern Ocean
570:Macquarie Island
446:Macquarie Island
365:
359:
199:
181:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
20:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2568:
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2565:
2564:
2563:
2484:
2483:
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2477:
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2456:
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2438:
2429:
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2423:
2410:
2402:
2397:
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2384:
2376:
2374:
2366:
2361:
2353:
2348:
2340:
2335:
2327:
2322:
2314:
2309:
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2298:Observation.org
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2023:
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2017:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1989:
1959:
1621:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1552:
1413:
1399:Clements, James
1310:
1309:
1303:CCAMLR (1997).
1287:
1286:
1280:CCAMLR (1998).
1273:
1251:
1249:
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1181:
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779:
772:
768:
716:, and 7,905 on
677:Drake's Passage
669:
648:
607:
594:
566:Campbell Island
430:Campbell Island
358:
344:
320:
270:from the order
264:
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72:
64:
53:
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42:
17:
16:Species of bird
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2015:
1999:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1979:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1958:
1957:External links
1955:
1954:
1953:
1927:(2): 221–232.
1921:Marine Biology
1916:
1903:
1875:(1): 441–451.
1860:
1851:
1841:(4): 476–488.
1830:
1804:(9): 772–781.
1792:
1747:
1721:(2): 151–161.
1710:
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1577:
1556:
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1432:(1): 427–440.
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1395:
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1328:Marine Biology
1323:
1300:
1277:
1271:
1258:
1238:
1218:
1192:(3): 263–275.
1174:
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1157:
1146:whc.unesco.org
1132:
1121:whc.unesco.org
1107:
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1069:Taylor, (2000)
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769:
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708:, 84 pairs on
668:
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606:
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550:Crozet Islands
524:
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288:diving petrels
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1798:Polar Biology
1793:
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1102:
1093:
1087:CCAMLR (1998)
1084:
1078:CCAMLR (1997)
1075:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1027:
1018:
1009:
1000:
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940:Prince (1980)
937:
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748:
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729:
728:Marion Island
725:
720:
719:
715:
714:Crozet Island
711:
707:
703:
699:
698:Marion Island
695:
690:
686:
678:
673:
664:
662:
657:
653:
652:tussock grass
643:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
600:Chick at nest
598:
589:
587:
586:Marion Island
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
554:Marion Island
551:
547:
543:
539:
536:in the South
535:
534:South Georgia
531:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
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503:
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494:
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418:
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412:
408:
405:
402:
400:
399:Marion Island
397:
396:
392:
389:
386:
384:
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380:
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373:
370:
367:
366:
363:
353:
350:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
315:
313:
309:
305:
304:triglycerides
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
284:storm petrels
281:
277:
274:, along with
273:
269:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
242:
238:
235:, is a large
234:
230:
229:
224:
215:
214:
209:
206:
202:
198:
193:
188:
182:
180:
174:
171:
170:Binomial name
167:
163:
162:
157:
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153:
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149:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
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118:
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108:
105:
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101:
98:
95:
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91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2499:Thalassarche
2415:
1994:
1924:
1920:
1911:
1907:
1872:
1868:
1855:
1838:
1834:
1801:
1797:
1761:
1755:
1718:
1714:
1684:(2): 81–89.
1681:
1677:
1650:
1646:
1633:
1629:
1610:
1601:
1562:
1541:
1526:
1486:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1429:
1425:
1402:
1372:
1368:
1331:
1327:
1313:cite journal
1304:
1290:cite journal
1281:
1262:
1250:. Retrieved
1246:
1230:. Retrieved
1226:
1189:
1185:
1169:
1149:. Retrieved
1145:
1135:
1124:. Retrieved
1120:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1047:
1042:Gales (1998)
1026:
1021:Moore (2004)
1017:
1008:
999:
990:
981:
972:
963:
954:
945:
936:
927:
918:
909:
900:
863:
858:
849:
840:
831:
822:
810:. Retrieved
796:
790:
784:
749:
740:
733:Indian Ocean
721:
682:
667:Conservation
649:
646:Reproduction
608:
562:Indian Ocean
527:
520:
515:
510:
505:
495:16,408 pairs
387:48,000 pairs
361:
345:
335:
331:
323:
321:
265:
232:
227:
226:
222:
220:
212:
211:
178:
176:
160:
159:
148:Thalassarche
147:
18:
2350:SeaLifeBase
2265:Neotropical
2174:iNaturalist
2019:Wikispecies
812:12 November
724:Bird Island
712:, 5,940 on
696:, 6,200 on
656:Bird Island
631:cephalopods
574:New Zealand
480:7,905 pairs
465:5,940 pairs
419:3,000 pairs
403:6,200 pairs
342:Description
324:chrysostoma
298:made up of
296:stomach oil
276:shearwaters
268:Diomedeidae
248:circumpolar
246:. It has a
137:Diomedeidae
2488:Categories
2431:Q109563262
2399:Xeno-canto
1162:References
1151:2017-02-06
1126:2017-02-06
689:endangered
675:Flying in
521:Decreasing
440:Declining
434:7,800 pair
393:Declining
371:Population
312:salt gland
300:wax esters
256:mollymawks
55:Endangered
1653:: 15–26.
1587:cite book
1227:Data Zone
766:Footnotes
623:crustacea
592:Behaviour
572:south of
322:The name
318:Etymology
292:naricorns
241:albatross
239:from the
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
2425:Wikidata
2231:22698398
2192:10837617
2153:45511494
2091:22698398
2086:BirdLife
2004:Wikidata
1971:- ARKive
1949:85569322
1899:84355648
1826:21411990
1788:15306353
1743:83997049
1706:11970816
1519:28990783
1511:15653503
1456:83807556
1401:(2007).
1356:83653436
1214:51991611
735:for the
661:fledging
635:lampreys
538:Atlantic
530:colonies
450:84 pairs
368:Location
262:Taxonomy
205:Synonyms
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
2458:5229312
2378:5987164
2166:2481408
2073:Avibase
2010:Q786350
1929:Bibcode
1877:Bibcode
1806:Bibcode
1779:1691717
1723:Bibcode
1686:Bibcode
1655:Bibcode
1491:Bibcode
1483:Science
1434:Bibcode
1377:Bibcode
1336:Bibcode
1194:Bibcode
627:carrion
611:pelagic
605:Feeding
560:in the
511:250,000
409:Stable
332:Khrusos
330:words.
280:fulmars
237:seabird
189:, 1785)
187:Forster
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
2471:174523
2391:225760
2375:uBio:
2342:372417
2329:320280
2316:225760
2287:NZOR:
2277:NZBO:
2270:gyhalb
2218:563381
2205:119278
2140:gyhalb
2101:gyhalb
2060:ARKive
1975:Photos
1947:
1897:
1824:
1786:
1776:
1741:
1704:
1617:
1575:
1548:
1533:
1517:
1509:
1454:
1409:
1354:
1269:
1252:22 Feb
1232:22 Feb
1212:
870:
633:, and
576:, and
556:, and
377:Trend
286:, and
244:family
2445:36B3K
2386:WoRMS
2368:66491
2363:SPRAT
2355:83053
2303:73656
2257:54025
2187:IRMNG
2135:eBird
2114:55ZCB
2098:BOW:
1945:S2CID
1895:S2CID
1822:S2CID
1739:S2CID
1702:S2CID
1571:–31.
1515:S2CID
1452:S2CID
1352:S2CID
1210:S2CID
1182:(PDF)
706:Chile
639:Krill
619:squid
578:Chile
506:Total
336:stoma
328:Greek
2466:ITIS
2453:GBIF
2311:OBIS
2252:NCBI
2226:IUCN
2213:ITIS
2179:4090
2161:GBIF
1835:Ibis
1784:PMID
1615:ISBN
1593:link
1573:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1531:ISBN
1507:PMID
1407:ISBN
1319:link
1296:link
1267:ISBN
1254:2009
1234:2009
868:ISBN
814:2021
797:2018
758:are
685:IUCN
683:The
568:and
516:2004
498:2002
483:1998
468:1998
453:1998
437:2004
422:2003
406:2003
390:2006
374:Date
349:bill
302:and
221:The
117:Aves
2440:CoL
2239:NBN
2200:ISC
2148:EoL
2122:CMS
2109:CoL
2047:AFD
2034:ADW
1937:doi
1925:143
1885:doi
1843:doi
1839:122
1814:doi
1774:PMC
1766:doi
1762:271
1731:doi
1694:doi
1663:doi
1651:217
1634:242
1499:doi
1487:307
1442:doi
1385:doi
1373:141
1344:doi
1332:141
1202:doi
801:doi
2490::
2468::
2455::
2442::
2427::
2401::
2388::
2365::
2352::
2339::
2326::
2313::
2300::
2267::
2254::
2241::
2228::
2215::
2202::
2189::
2176::
2163::
2150::
2137::
2124::
2111::
2088::
2075::
2062::
2049::
2036::
2021::
2006::
1943:.
1935:.
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1912:16
1910:.
1893:.
1883:.
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282:,
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1939::
1931::
1914:.
1901:.
1887::
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