94:. Rubel has proposed redefining green water as those areas of ocean which are too dangerous for high-value units, requiring offensive power to be dispersed into smaller vessels such as submarines that can use stealth and other characteristics to survive. Under his scheme brown water would be zones in which ocean-going units could not operate at all, including rivers, minefields, straits and other choke points.
31:
69:
The elements of maritime geography are loosely defined and their meanings have changed throughout history. The USA's 2010 Naval
Operations Concept defines blue water as "the open ocean", green water as "coastal waters, ports and harbors", and brown water as "navigable rivers and their estuaries".
85:
were sometimes referred to as the green-water navy, in contrast to the blue-water carrier battlegroups. This distinction disappeared as increasing threats in coastal waters forced the amphibious ships further offshore, delivering assaults by helicopter and tiltrotor from over the horizon. This
81:, green water denoted those areas of ocean in which naval forces might encounter land-based aircraft and brown water, land-based artillery. The development of long-range bombers with antiship missiles turned most of the oceans to "green" and the term all but disappeared. After the Cold War, US
181:
can project its nation's power throughout the world. The blue water policy was a long-standing political philosophy in
Britain in the 18th century, which sought to advance British power through use of the
387:
150:; perhaps a few hundred miles from shore. It is the most important maritime arena, including most coastal traffic and territorial waters, in which are found the great majority of a nation's
380:
215:
74:
includes bays in his definition of brown water, and in the past US military commentators have extended brown water out to 100 nautical miles (190 km) from shore.
373:
294:
422:
336:
272:
412:
222:
983:
417:
1322:
1188:
494:
142:
The green water environment extends from the outer edge of the brown-water layer past any continental shelves,
880:
1163:
1009:
136:
17:
158:
is capable of defense of its nation in depth and is a significant offensive force within its territory.
1210:
592:
167:
365:
1105:
774:
650:
549:
539:
1183:
1173:
1100:
743:
601:
301:
973:
779:
489:
87:
119:
operations and primarily takes a defensive role. "Brown water" or "brown ocean" is also used by
968:
855:
819:
814:
640:
544:
1345:
1055:
1004:
900:
804:
799:
519:
597:
1281:
885:
834:
577:
459:
173:
The blue water environment extends from the outer edge of the green-water zone to the deep
91:
8:
1317:
1135:
824:
687:
529:
1251:
1115:
1070:
963:
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829:
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534:
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124:
82:
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71:
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155:
112:
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1125:
1050:
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682:
662:
630:
587:
554:
499:
444:
300:. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. p. 185. Archived from
178:
107:
The brown water environment starts from the shoreline through to the end of the
1065:
1060:
1045:
915:
677:
514:
35:
1339:
1301:
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290:
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120:
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1080:
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958:
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151:
86:
prompted the development of ships designed to operate in such waters - the
295:"The Lessons of History : The Chinese People's Liberation Army at 75"
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1029:
905:
860:
582:
143:
748:
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469:
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326:
Gillespie, T.C.; Lesher, S.M.; Miner, P.D.; Cyr, B.P. (23 March 1992),
183:
1150:
1024:
839:
733:
713:
30:
216:"Naval Operations Concept 2010 - Implementing the Maritime Strategy"
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999:
870:
509:
464:
116:
78:
127:
where the border between the ocean and dry land is not clear-cut.
1220:
1120:
978:
875:
738:
617:
400:
1215:
943:
910:
147:
703:
174:
186:, although the term "blue water" did not appear until 1834.
46:
49:
military units to loosely define three maritime regions:
325:
288:
154:, customs, environmental, and economic concerns. A
135:"Green water" redirects here. For other uses, see
166:"Blue water" redirects here. For other uses, see
1337:
27:Collection of terms used by naval military units
221:. US Naval Service. p. 16. Archived from
381:
388:
374:
335:, Marine Corps University, pp. 9–24,
34:The four kinds of navigable water in the
29:
251:
249:
247:
245:
243:
14:
1338:
342:from the original on September 9, 2013
278:from the original on September 9, 2013
369:
282:
255:
329:Composite Warfare and The Amphibians
240:
24:
289:Burkitt, Laurie; Scobell, Andrew;
25:
1357:
45:is a collection of terms used by
256:Rubel, Robert C. (Autumn 2010),
495:Anti-submarine warfare carrier
353:
319:
208:
130:
102:
64:
13:
1:
413:Naval ship classes in service
201:
161:
881:Harbour defence motor launch
7:
1164:Ballistic missile submarine
1010:Mine countermeasures vessel
258:"Talking About Sea Control"
189:
137:Greenwater (disambiguation)
10:
1362:
1211:Submarine aircraft carrier
593:Pre-dreadnought battleship
403:in 19th and 20th centuries
168:Bluewater (disambiguation)
165:
134:
97:
1310:
1229:
1149:
1106:General stores issue ship
1038:
992:
934:
848:
775:Amphibious transport dock
767:
696:
616:
568:
550:Merchant aircraft carrier
540:Interdiction Assault Ship
480:
408:
1184:Deep-submergence vehicle
1174:Cruise missile submarine
1101:Fast combat support ship
744:Guided-missile destroyer
602:Standard-type battleship
265:Naval War College Review
780:Amphibious warfare ship
490:Amphibious assault ship
88:Zumwalt class destroyer
70:Robert Rubel of the US
856:Armed boarding steamer
820:Landing Ship Logistics
815:Landing ship, infantry
641:Guided missile cruiser
545:Light aircraft carrier
39:
1056:Auxiliary repair dock
1005:Destroyer minesweeper
901:Ocean boarding vessel
805:Landing Craft Support
800:Landing craft carrier
520:Fighter catapult ship
92:littoral combat ships
83:amphibious taskforces
33:
1282:Littoral combat ship
835:Landing Ship Vehicle
578:Coastal defence ship
228:on 27 September 2020
1136:Replenishment oiler
1039:Command and support
825:Landing Ship Medium
688:Unprotected cruiser
530:Flight deck cruiser
125:intertidal wetlands
1252:Breastwork monitor
1116:Joint support ship
1071:Combat stores ship
866:Coastal motor boat
830:Landing Ship, Tank
810:Landing Ship Heavy
709:Convoy rescue ship
535:Helicopter carrier
307:on 5 February 2012
43:Maritime geography
40:
1333:
1332:
1237:Armed merchantman
1179:Cruiser submarine
1169:Coastal submarine
936:Fast attack craft
790:Dock landing ship
668:Protected cruiser
651:Pocket battleship
608:Treaty battleship
598:Super-dreadnought
482:Aircraft carriers
430:Operational zones
291:Wortzel, Larry M.
109:continental shelf
72:Naval War College
16:(Redirected from
1353:
1272:Floating battery
1206:Midget submarine
1159:Attack submarine
1141:Submarine tender
1091:Destroyer tender
921:Submarine chaser
785:Attack transport
729:Escort destroyer
724:Destroyer leader
719:Destroyer escort
626:Aircraft cruiser
440:Green-water navy
435:Brown-water navy
390:
383:
376:
367:
366:
360:
357:
351:
350:
349:
347:
341:
334:
323:
317:
316:
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306:
299:
286:
280:
279:
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262:
253:
238:
237:
235:
233:
227:
220:
212:
177:of the world. A
156:green-water navy
113:brown-water navy
21:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1323:Sailing vessels
1306:
1225:
1196:Fleet submarine
1145:
1126:Net laying ship
1051:Ammunition ship
1034:
988:
930:
844:
763:
692:
683:Torpedo cruiser
663:Merchant raider
631:Armored cruiser
612:
588:Fast battleship
564:
555:Seaplane tender
500:Balloon carrier
476:
460:Central battery
445:Blue-water navy
404:
394:
364:
363:
358:
354:
345:
343:
339:
332:
324:
320:
310:
308:
304:
297:
287:
283:
275:
260:
254:
241:
231:
229:
225:
218:
214:
213:
209:
204:
192:
179:blue-water navy
171:
164:
152:maritime police
140:
133:
105:
100:
67:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1359:
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1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1061:Auxiliary ship
1058:
1053:
1048:
1046:Amenities ship
1042:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
996:
994:
990:
989:
987:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
940:
938:
932:
931:
929:
928:
923:
918:
916:Steam gun boat
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
852:
850:
846:
845:
843:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
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812:
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787:
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771:
769:
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741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
700:
698:
694:
693:
691:
690:
685:
680:
678:Strike cruiser
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
654:
653:
643:
638:
633:
628:
622:
620:
614:
613:
611:
610:
605:
595:
590:
585:
580:
574:
572:
566:
565:
563:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
515:Escort carrier
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
486:
484:
478:
477:
475:
474:
473:
472:
467:
462:
457:
451:Gun placement
449:
448:
447:
442:
437:
427:
426:
425:
420:
409:
406:
405:
393:
392:
385:
378:
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362:
361:
352:
318:
281:
239:
206:
205:
203:
200:
199:
198:
191:
188:
163:
160:
132:
129:
121:meteorologists
104:
101:
99:
96:
66:
63:
36:Gulf of Mexico
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1358:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1302:Training ship
1300:
1298:
1297:River monitor
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1262:Drone carrier
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1247:Barracks ship
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:Miscellaneous
1228:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1201:Human torpedo
1199:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
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1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1121:Naval tugboat
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1111:Hospital ship
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1096:Dispatch boat
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
995:
991:
985:
982:
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977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
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952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
939:
937:
933:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
896:Naval trawler
894:
892:
891:Naval drifter
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
853:
851:
847:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
795:Landing craft
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
770:
766:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
699:
695:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
673:Scout cruiser
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
658:Light cruiser
656:
652:
649:
648:
647:
646:Heavy cruiser
644:
642:
639:
637:
636:Battlecruiser
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
621:
619:
615:
609:
606:
603:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
573:
571:
567:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
525:Fleet carrier
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
505:Battlecarrier
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
487:
485:
483:
479:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
452:
450:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
432:
431:
428:
424:
421:
419:
416:
415:
414:
411:
410:
407:
402:
398:
391:
386:
384:
379:
377:
372:
371:
368:
356:
338:
331:
330:
322:
303:
296:
293:(July 2003).
292:
285:
274:
270:
266:
259:
252:
250:
248:
246:
244:
224:
217:
211:
207:
197:
196:Littoral zone
194:
193:
187:
185:
180:
176:
169:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
138:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
95:
93:
89:
84:
80:
75:
73:
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
32:
19:
1346:Oceanography
1257:Capital ship
1242:Arsenal ship
1081:Crane vessel
1076:Command ship
1015:Mine planter
993:Mine warfare
959:Missile boat
926:Torpedo boat
886:Motor launch
849:Patrol craft
754:Radar picket
560:Supercarrier
429:
355:
344:, retrieved
328:
321:
309:. Retrieved
302:the original
284:
271:(4): 44–46,
268:
264:
230:. Retrieved
223:the original
210:
172:
144:archipelagos
141:
123:to refer to
106:
76:
68:
58:
54:
50:
42:
41:
1292:Mother ship
1131:Repair ship
1030:Minesweeper
906:Patrol boat
861:Armed yacht
583:Dreadnought
570:Battleships
397:Naval ships
359:Shorter OED
131:Green water
115:focuses on
103:Brown water
77:During the
65:Definitions
55:green water
51:brown water
18:Green water
1318:Ship types
1277:Guard ship
1151:Submarines
1086:Depot ship
1020:Minehunter
202:References
184:Royal Navy
162:Blue water
59:blue water
1025:Minelayer
840:Troopship
768:Transport
734:Escorteur
714:Destroyer
455:Broadside
423:auxiliary
418:submarine
1340:Category
1267:Flagship
1000:Danlayer
871:Corvette
749:Kaibōkan
618:Cruisers
510:CAM ship
465:Casemate
401:warships
337:archived
273:archived
190:See also
117:littoral
90:and the
79:Cold War
1311:Related
1287:Monitor
1221:Wet sub
1066:Collier
984:Shin'yō
979:PT boat
876:Gunboat
739:Frigate
470:Turrets
148:islands
98:Regions
1216:U-boat
944:E-boat
911:Q-ship
697:Escort
57:, and
759:Sloop
704:Aviso
346:7 May
340:(PDF)
333:(PDF)
311:7 May
305:(PDF)
298:(PDF)
276:(PDF)
261:(PDF)
232:7 May
226:(PDF)
219:(PDF)
175:ocean
47:naval
1189:DSRV
974:MTSM
399:and
348:2012
313:2012
234:2012
146:and
111:. A
969:MTM
964:MTB
954:MGB
949:MAS
1342::
269:63
267:,
263:,
242:^
61:.
53:,
604:)
600:(
389:e
382:t
375:v
315:.
236:.
170:.
139:.
38:.
20:)
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