766:
805:
793:
31:
262:
209:
87:
62:
367:
dominance of the right horn during the first breeding cycle. Newborn bats weigh about 13.5 g (0.48 oz) and have a wingspan of 24 cm (9.4 in). By the time of weaning at 4 weeks of age, young bats weigh 25 g (0.88 oz) and have wings spanning 36 cm (14 in). Female short-nosed fruit bats reach sexual maturity at 5–6 months of age, but males are not capable of breeding until they are a year old.
323:
366:
from occurring in the right ovary during the second breeding cycle. This creates the pattern of alternate functioning of the two horns of the uterus. However, the corpus luteum in the left ovary does not persist until the beginning of the next breeding cycle. As yet, no reason has been found for the
409:
Frugivory, nectarivory, and folivory are well understood; in addition, geophagy behaviour has also been reported in this species recently, and is suggested to represent an ‘adaptive behavioural plasticity’ in the foraging behaviour of the greater short-nosed fruit bat. According to
Mahandran et al.
292:
forests. They typically nest high in palm trees. The bats chew the fronds of the palms to construct fairly simple tents. These bats are also known to construct tents by closely interweaving the leaves and twigs of creeping vines which cover buildings, but such nests are constructed only when palms
318:
the vagina. While the females do this, the penis is not withdrawn and research has shown a positive relationship between length of the time that the penis is licked and the duration of copulation. Postcopulation genital grooming has also been observed. Males stay with females for some time after
326:
324:
252:
are edged in white. Lower cheek teeth rounded without accessory cusps. The wingspan of the adult is about 48 cm (19 in). Juveniles are lighter than adults. Average forearm length is 70.2 mm (2.76 in), with a range of 64–79 mm (2.5–3.1 in).
325:
706:
Mahandran, Valliyappan; Raghuram, Hanumanthan; Nathan, Parthasarathy
Thiruchenthil (2015-11-17). "Geophagy by the Indian short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx (Pteropodidae) while foraging on Madhuca latifolia (Sapotaceae) in Tamil Nadu, South India".
765:
347:
breeds twice per year. Females produce a single young at a time. Each half of the bicornate uterus functions during alternate breeding cycles. The first pregnancy cycle occurs from
October through February/March. Mating occurs immediately
804:
792:
301:
The greater short-nosed fruit bat is gregarious, and typically roosts in same-sex groups of eight to nine individuals. The sexes remain separate until the mating season, when group size increases. They are
374:, and locate their preferred food items by scent. They have been described as voracious feeders, eating more than their body weight in food in one sitting. Some preferred fruits include ripe
327:
640:
Banjeree, K; Ilkal, M.A.; P.K. Deshmikh (1984). "Susceptibility of
Cynopterus sphinx (frugivorus bat) and Suncus minimus (house shrew) to Japanese encephalitis virus".
248:
These bats have a relatively long snout. Their upper parts are brown to grey-brown with paler under parts. The fur is very fine and silky. The ears and wing bones of
354:, and a second offspring is born in July. Gestation period is about 3–5 months. In 72% of bats, the first pregnancy occurs in the right horn of the uterus. The
3031:
3789:
524:
Tan, Min; Gareth Jones; Guangjian Zhu; Jianping Ye; Tiyu Hong; Shanyi Zhou; Shuyi Zhang; Libiao Zhang (October 28, 2009). Hosken, David (ed.).
393:
Short-nosed fruit bats inflict serious damage on many fruit crops, and are considered pests. In addition, these bats are possible vectors for
3854:
3828:
3895:
583:
Advani, R (1982). "Feeding, foraging and roosting behavior of the fruit eating bats and damage to fruit crops in
Rajasthan and Gujarat".
397:, which is serious disease in humans. These bats are important dispersers of date palm seeds, and pollinate many night blooming flowers.
3763:
3395:
3802:
3506:
3371:
3362:
836:
3846:
3288:
314:
by males is dorsoventral and the females lick the shaft or the base of the male's penis, but not the glans which has already
3807:
30:
1700:
1691:
3220:
1745:
602:
Sandhu, S; A. Gopalakrishna. (1984). "Some observations on the breeding biology of
Cynopterus sphinx in central India".
3950:
3306:
3256:
1790:
1298:
934:
753:
Nowak, Ronald. 1991 Walker's
Mammals of the World, Fifth edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.
482:
400:
They are also known to construct shelter tents by severing leaves and stems from certain creepers and mast trees like
339:
is very female biased. Researchers attribute this to the relatively rapid maturation of females compared to males. In
306:
and 6–10 males and 10–15 females usually share palm-frond tents during the breeding season. They are known to perform
3238:
1709:
3497:
3297:
3202:
3193:
2726:
1718:
1316:
970:
3915:
3859:
2903:
2100:
1799:
1763:
1736:
1033:
988:
3935:
3229:
2894:
1781:
1772:
1084:
661:"Tent Construction by the Short-nosed Fruit Bat Cynopterus sphinx (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in Southern India"
3940:
2449:
2300:
2264:
2151:
1754:
1456:
961:
3930:
3552:
3211:
3184:
2273:
1390:
1262:
1015:
1006:
3945:
3910:
3841:
3724:
3702:
3598:
1860:
1727:
1357:
1075:
997:
979:
943:
3920:
3729:
3247:
2798:
2530:
2395:
1923:
1348:
1051:
952:
829:
86:
261:
3925:
3515:
3063:
1982:
621:
Krishna, A; C.J. Dominic (1983). "Growth of young and sexual maturity of 3 species of Indian Bats".
2852:
2807:
2602:
2512:
2476:
2291:
2282:
2192:
1823:
1465:
1447:
1414:
1271:
1199:
1175:
451:
3960:
3589:
2699:
2431:
2359:
2240:
2216:
2142:
2032:
1941:
1932:
1890:
1578:
1545:
499:
3955:
3794:
3664:
3036:
2708:
2611:
2494:
2386:
1899:
1554:
1230:
1209:
1042:
3905:
3631:
2780:
2762:
2422:
2023:
1973:
1659:
1612:
1280:
1024:
822:
402:
394:
181:
3872:
3750:
3711:
3607:
3108:
3090:
2789:
2753:
2638:
2566:
2557:
2332:
2183:
672:
537:
311:
3820:
3716:
8:
3900:
3117:
2979:
2825:
2735:
2620:
2404:
2082:
303:
51:
814:
676:
541:
3054:
2961:
2816:
2744:
2675:
2548:
2458:
2368:
2341:
2014:
1438:
732:
684:
560:
525:
315:
81:
3867:
3737:
3465:
3456:
3330:
3045:
2834:
2690:
2665:
2647:
2593:
2584:
2575:
2539:
2440:
2413:
2109:
2091:
1637:
917:
724:
688:
565:
478:
208:
736:
428:
3742:
3432:
3072:
3018:
2870:
2861:
2843:
2771:
2717:
2681:
2629:
2503:
2467:
2350:
2118:
1289:
1142:
716:
680:
555:
545:
446:
3081:
2970:
2656:
2485:
2166:
1832:
1814:
1602:
1513:
1489:
1366:
1151:
550:
281:
3833:
3687:
3570:
2521:
2377:
882:
426:
720:
3889:
3815:
3622:
3447:
3423:
3345:
3145:
3103:
1381:
1190:
1066:
728:
692:
437:
410:
geophagy have the function of mineral supplementation and/or detoxification.
355:
340:
71:
66:
3580:
3413:
3386:
3321:
3157:
2885:
2060:
1997:
1914:
1873:
1166:
1112:
904:
569:
500:"Tent roosting by the frugivorous bat Cynopterus sphinx in southern India"
3776:
3696:
3480:
3167:
2931:
1528:
1480:
1331:
780:
497:
350:
198:
43:
3768:
2944:
2255:
2133:
1956:
1593:
1245:
888:
523:
158:
284:
and areas where fruit crops are cultivated. They can also be found in
3781:
3533:
2994:
2231:
1650:
1569:
1504:
1429:
1125:
383:
371:
363:
336:
285:
98:
3658:
660:
3681:
3543:
2315:
2207:
2073:
1674:
1405:
1221:
876:
870:
864:
858:
307:
289:
273:
118:
3271:
846:
776:
277:
237:
148:
39:
639:
3755:
3013:
387:
379:
128:
108:
427:
Bates, P.; Bumrungsri, S.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019).
240:
in the family
Pteropodidae found in South and Southeast Asia.
784:
375:
359:
420:
844:
498:
Balasingh, J; J. Suthakar-Isaac, S.; R. Subbaraj (1993).
331:
Female bats perform fellatio to increase copulation time.
138:
362:
persists for some time after the pregnancy and prevents
705:
601:
659:
Balasingh, J.; Koilraj, John; Kunz, Thomas H. (1995).
658:
620:
472:
526:"Fellatio by Fruit Bats Prolongs Copulation Time"
310:, which enhances copulation time in the species.
3887:
272:The greater short-nosed fruit bat is found from
1635:
830:
452:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T6106A22113656.en
319:mating, but later return to same-sex groups.
1858:
3143:
623:Journal of Animal Morphology and Physiology
477:. Harrison Zoological Museum. p. 258.
2058:
1110:
902:
837:
823:
207:
60:
29:
2929:
559:
549:
450:
296:
3507:East African little collared fruit bat (
321:
260:
3541:
3396:Veldkamp's dwarf epauletted fruit bat (
3888:
582:
519:
517:
3663:
3662:
3363:Hayman's dwarf epauletted fruit bat (
3221:Lesser Angolan epauletted fruit bat (
3142:
2928:
2057:
1857:
1634:
1109:
901:
818:
810:Feeding on kapok at night in Kolkata
798:Feeding on kapok at night in Kolkata
3372:Peters' dwarf epauletted fruit bat (
3289:Buettikofer's epauletted fruit bat (
1791:New Britain naked-backed fruit bat (
1299:Nusatenggara short-nosed fruit bat (
935:Broad-striped tube-nosed fruit bat (
473:Bates, P.J.J; D.A. Harrison (1997).
216:Greater short-nosed fruit bat range
3896:IUCN Red List least concern species
3239:East African epauletted fruit bat (
1710:Philippine naked-backed fruit bat (
1701:Beaufort's naked-backed fruit bat (
1692:Andersen's naked-backed fruit bat (
514:
438:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
2727:Little golden-mantled flying fox (
1746:Solomon's naked-backed fruit bat (
1719:Halmahera naked-backed fruit bat (
1317:Indonesian short-nosed fruit bat (
971:Round-eared tube-nosed fruit bat (
747:
685:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1995.tb00326.x
642:Indian Journal of Medical Research
14:
3972:
3307:Franquet's epauletted fruit bat (
3257:Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bat (
2904:Sulawesi stripe-faced fruit bat (
2101:Giant golden-crowned flying fox (
1800:Greenish naked-backed fruit bat (
1764:Moluccan naked-backed fruit bat (
1737:Sulawesi naked-backed fruit bat (
1034:Philippine tube-nosed fruit bat (
3230:Ethiopian epauletted fruit bat (
2895:Mindoro stripe-faced fruit bat (
1782:Western naked-backed fruit bat (
1773:Panniet naked-backed fruit bat (
1085:Steadfast tube-nosed fruit bat (
803:
791:
764:
585:Saeugeteirkundliche Mitteilungen
85:
3203:Peters's epauletted fruit bat (
3194:Ansell's epauletted fruit bat (
2450:New Ireland masked flying fox (
2301:New Georgian monkey-faced Bat (
2265:Bougainville monkey-faced Bat (
2152:Small white-winged flying fox (
1755:Lesser naked-backed fruit bat (
1308:Greater short-nosed fruit bat (
962:Mountain tube-nosed fruit bat (
699:
475:Bats of the Indian Subcontinent
3212:Gambian epauletted fruit bat (
3185:Angolan epauletted fruit bat (
2274:Guadalcanal monkey-faced Bat (
1263:Lesser short-nosed fruit bat (
1016:Demonic tube-nosed fruit bat (
1007:Malaita tube-nosed fruit bat (
989:Keast's tube-nosed fruit bat (
652:
633:
614:
595:
576:
491:
466:
243:
24:Greater short-nosed fruit bat
1:
3498:São Tomé collared fruit bat (
1728:Biak naked-backed fruit bat (
1076:Lesser tube-nosed fruit bat (
998:Island tube-nosed fruit bat (
980:Dragon tube-nosed fruit bat (
944:Common tube-nosed fruit bat (
413:
268:bats perching in a palm tree.
224:greater short-nosed fruit bat
38:Hanging over foliage palm in
3488:(Little collared fruit bats)
3248:Minor epauletted fruit bat (
2799:Philippine gray flying fox (
2396:Bismarck masked flying fox (
1457:Ratanaworabhan's fruit bat (
1052:Umboi tube-nosed fruit bat (
551:10.1371/journal.pone.0007595
234:short-nosed Indian fruit bat
7:
3516:Little collared fruit bat (
2174:(Straw-coloured fruit bats)
1983:New Caledonia blossom bat (
1391:Fischer's pygmy fruit bat (
10:
3977:
2853:New Caledonia flying fox (
2603:Black-bearded flying fox (
2292:Montane monkey-faced Bat (
2283:Greater monkey-faced Bat (
2193:Straw-coloured fruit bat (
1824:Sulawesi harpy fruit bat (
1466:White-collared fruit bat (
1448:Javan tailless fruit bat (
1358:Rickart's dyak fruit bat (
1200:Spotted-winged fruit bat (
1176:Mindanao pygmy fruit bat (
757:
256:
3951:Mammals described in 1797
3671:
3620:
3590:Short-palated fruit bat (
3578:
3569:
3532:
3478:
3445:
3421:
3412:
3384:
3343:
3319:
3269:
3165:
3156:
3152:
3138:
2992:
2942:
2938:
2924:
2883:
2700:Geelvink Bay flying fox (
2531:Livingstone's fruit bat (
2432:Large Samoan flying fox (
2360:Small Samoan flying fox (
2313:
2253:
2241:Small-toothed fruit bat (
2229:
2217:Fijian monkey-faced Bat (
2205:
2164:
2143:White-winged flying fox (
2131:
2071:
2067:
2053:
2033:Moss-forest blossom bat (
1995:
1954:
1933:Black-bellied fruit bat (
1924:Fardoulis's blossom bat (
1912:
1891:Long-tongued nectar bat (
1881:(Long-tongued fruit bats)
1871:
1867:
1853:
1812:
1672:
1648:
1644:
1630:
1591:
1567:
1546:Greater musky fruit bat (
1526:
1502:
1478:
1427:
1403:
1379:
1349:Brooks's dyak fruit bat (
1329:
1243:
1219:
1188:
1164:
1123:
1119:
1105:
1064:
953:Pallas's tube-nosed bat (
915:
911:
897:
853:
845:Extant species of family
721:10.1007/s10211-015-0227-7
215:
206:
187:
180:
82:Scientific classification
80:
58:
49:
37:
28:
23:
3553:D'Anchieta's fruit bat (
3064:Leschenault's rousette (
2709:Grey-headed flying fox (
2612:Black-eared flying fox (
2495:Ontong Java flying fox (
2387:Ashy-headed flying fox (
1964:(Long-tailed fruit bats)
1900:Long-tongued fruit bat (
1682:(Bare-backed fruit bats)
1555:Lesser musky fruit bat (
1231:Black-capped fruit bat (
1043:Eastern tube-nosed Bat (
3599:Campo-Ma’an fruit bat (
2808:Temminck's flying fox (
2781:Little red flying fox (
2763:Madagascan flying fox (
2513:Andersen's flying fox (
2477:Gilliard's flying fox (
2423:Spectacled flying fox (
2024:Halmahera blossom bat (
1974:Long-tailed fruit bat (
1415:Salim Ali's fruit bat (
1272:Horsfield's fruit bat (
1025:Lesser tube-nosed bat (
925:(tube-nosed fruit bats)
3916:Bats of Southeast Asia
3353:(Dwarf epauleted bats)
3175:(Epauleted fruit bats)
3109:Long-haired rousette (
3091:Bare-backed rousette (
2790:Seychelles fruit bat (
2754:Rodrigues flying fox (
2639:Mauritian flying fox (
2567:Big-eared flying fox (
2333:Admiralty flying fox (
2184:Madagascan fruit bat (
1942:Woodford's fruit bat (
1579:Blanford's fruit bat (
1253:(Dog-faced fruit bats)
1210:Balionycteris seimundi
332:
297:Behaviour and breeding
269:
3936:Mammals of Bangladesh
3118:Madagascan rousette (
3037:Geoffroy's rousette (
3002:(rousette fruit bats)
2980:Philippine dawn bat (
2826:Vanikoro flying fox (
2736:Solomons flying fox (
2621:Caroline flying fox (
2405:Moluccan flying fox (
2083:Sulawesi flying fox (
403:Polyalthia longifolia
395:Japanese encephalitis
330:
264:
3941:Mammals of Sri Lanka
3632:Zenker's fruit bat (
3298:Dobson's fruit bat (
2962:Greater nectar bat (
2817:Insular flying fox (
2745:Rennell flying fox (
2549:Okinawa flying fox (
2459:Nicobar flying fox (
2369:Vanuatu flying fox (
2342:Aldabra flying fox (
2015:Common blossom bat (
1660:Bulmer's fruit bat (
1439:Tailless fruit bat (
1281:Peters's fruit bat (
445:: e.T6106A22113656.
3931:Mammals of Pakistan
3608:Pohle's fruit bat (
3457:Azagnyi fruit bat (
3331:Hammer-headed Bat (
3120:R. madagascariensis
3055:Egyptian rousette (
3046:Sulawesi rousette (
2835:Kosrae flying fox (
2691:Masked flying fox (
2666:Ornate flying fox (
2648:Temotu flying fox (
2594:Indian flying fox (
2585:Mariana fruit bat (
2576:Lesser flying fox (
2558:Lyle's flying fox (
2540:Lombok flying fox (
2441:Ryukyu flying fox (
2414:Makira flying fox (
2154:D. microleucopterus
2110:Palawan fruit bat (
2092:Talaud flying fox (
677:1995Ethol.100..210B
542:2009PLoSO...4.7595T
293:are not available.
52:Conservation status
3946:Mammals of Myanmar
3911:Bats of South Asia
3433:Angolan rousette (
3073:Linduan Rousette (
3039:R. amplexicaudatus
3019:Manado fruit bat (
2871:Dwarf flying fox (
2862:Pemba flying fox (
2844:Large flying fox (
2772:Samoa flying fox (
2718:Bonin flying fox (
2682:Pelew flying fox (
2630:Great flying fox (
2504:Small flying fox (
2468:Banks flying fox (
2351:Black flying fox (
2119:Sunda flying fox (
1536:(Musky fruit bats)
1339:(Dayak fruit bats)
1290:Minute fruit bat (
1143:Borneo fruit bat (
1133:(Pygmy fruit bats)
771:Feeding on kapok (
333:
280:. It is common in
270:
236:, is a species of
3921:Bats of Indonesia
3883:
3882:
3868:Open Tree of Life
3717:Cynopterus_sphinx
3703:Cynopterus sphinx
3673:Cynopterus sphinx
3665:Taxon identifiers
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3601:C. campomaanensis
3565:
3564:
3528:
3527:
3491:
3408:
3407:
3356:
3282:
3178:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3082:Comoro rousette (
3005:
2971:Cave nectar bat (
2955:
2952:(Dawn fruit bats)
2920:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2657:Ceram fruit bat (
2486:Gray flying fox (
2425:P. conspicillatus
2326:
2177:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2008:
1967:
1884:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1833:Harpy fruit bat (
1685:
1638:Harpyionycterinae
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1603:Swift fruit bat (
1539:
1514:Dusky fruit bat (
1492:O. cartilagonodus
1490:Luzon fruit bat (
1367:Dayak fruit bat (
1342:
1319:C. titthaecheilus
1256:
1233:C. melanocephalus
1152:Pygmy fruit bat (
1136:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
928:
431:Cynopterus sphinx
328:
229:Cynopterus sphinx
220:
219:
191:Cynopterus sphinx
75:
3968:
3926:Bats of Malaysia
3876:
3875:
3863:
3862:
3850:
3849:
3837:
3836:
3824:
3823:
3811:
3810:
3798:
3797:
3785:
3784:
3772:
3771:
3759:
3758:
3746:
3745:
3733:
3732:
3720:
3719:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3660:
3659:
3576:
3575:
3539:
3538:
3500:M. brachycephala
3490:
3489:
3485:
3466:Woermann's bat (
3419:
3418:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3281:
3280:
3279:(Epauleted bats)
3276:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3154:
3153:
3140:
3139:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2940:
2939:
2926:
2925:
2792:P. seychellensis
2711:P. poliocephalus
2632:P. neohibernicus
2522:Kei flying fox (
2407:P. chrysoproctus
2378:Aru flying fox (
2335:P. admiralitatum
2325:
2324:
2320:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2069:
2068:
2055:
2054:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1985:N. neocaledonica
1966:
1965:
1961:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1869:
1868:
1855:
1854:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1646:
1645:
1632:
1631:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1121:
1120:
1107:
1106:
927:
926:
922:
913:
912:
899:
898:
839:
832:
825:
816:
815:
807:
795:
768:
741:
740:
703:
697:
696:
656:
650:
649:
637:
631:
630:
618:
612:
611:
610:(22): 1189–1192.
599:
593:
592:
580:
574:
573:
563:
553:
521:
512:
511:
495:
489:
488:
470:
464:
463:
461:
459:
454:
424:
329:
282:tropical forests
211:
193:
90:
89:
69:
64:
63:
33:
21:
20:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3871:
3866:
3858:
3853:
3845:
3840:
3832:
3827:
3819:
3814:
3806:
3801:
3793:
3788:
3780:
3775:
3767:
3762:
3754:
3749:
3741:
3736:
3728:
3723:
3715:
3710:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3667:
3657:
3640:
3616:
3561:
3524:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3474:
3441:
3404:
3380:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3339:
3315:
3291:E. buettikoferi
3278:
3277:
3275:
3265:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3148:
3126:
3066:R. leschenaulti
3001:
3000:
2998:
2988:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2934:
2912:
2879:
2828:P. tuberculatus
2650:P. nitendiensis
2533:P. livingstonii
2479:P. gilliardorum
2322:
2321:
2319:
2309:
2249:
2225:
2201:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2160:
2127:
2063:
2041:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1991:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1950:
1908:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1863:
1841:
1815:Harpyionycteris
1808:
1775:D. pannietensis
1681:
1680:
1678:
1668:
1640:
1618:
1587:
1563:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1522:
1498:
1474:
1423:
1399:
1375:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1325:
1301:C. nusatenggara
1252:
1251:
1249:
1239:
1215:
1184:
1178:A. paucidentata
1160:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1115:
1093:
1060:
924:
923:
921:
907:
893:
849:
843:
811:
808:
799:
796:
787:
775:) at night in
773:Ceiba pentandra
769:
760:
750:
748:Further reading
745:
744:
709:Acta Ethologica
704:
700:
657:
653:
638:
634:
629:(1–2): 162–168.
619:
615:
604:Current Science
600:
596:
581:
577:
522:
515:
504:Current Science
496:
492:
485:
471:
467:
457:
455:
425:
421:
416:
370:These bats are
322:
299:
259:
246:
202:
195:
189:
176:
84:
76:
65:
61:
54:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3974:
3964:
3963:
3961:Bats of Borneo
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3864:
3851:
3838:
3825:
3812:
3799:
3786:
3773:
3760:
3747:
3734:
3721:
3708:
3693:
3677:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3628:
3626:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3605:
3596:
3586:
3584:
3573:
3571:Scotonycterini
3567:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3549:
3547:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3513:
3504:
3494:
3492:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3463:
3453:
3451:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3369:
3365:M. intermedius
3359:
3357:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3304:
3295:
3285:
3283:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3254:
3245:
3236:
3227:
3218:
3209:
3200:
3191:
3181:
3179:
3160:
3150:
3149:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3115:
3098:
3097:
3088:
3079:
3070:
3061:
3057:R. aegyptiacus
3052:
3043:
3026:
3025:
3008:
3006:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2977:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2936:
2935:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2901:
2897:S. mindorensis
2891:
2889:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2868:
2859:
2850:
2841:
2832:
2823:
2814:
2805:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2769:
2760:
2756:P. rodricensis
2751:
2742:
2733:
2724:
2715:
2706:
2697:
2688:
2679:
2672:
2663:
2654:
2645:
2636:
2627:
2618:
2609:
2605:P. melanopogon
2600:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2551:P. loochoensis
2546:
2542:P. lombocensis
2537:
2528:
2519:
2515:P. intermedius
2510:
2506:P. hypomelanus
2501:
2492:
2483:
2474:
2465:
2456:
2447:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2398:P. capistratus
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2344:P. aldabrensis
2339:
2329:
2327:
2323:(flying foxes)
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2298:
2289:
2280:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2237:
2235:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2149:
2145:D. leucopterus
2139:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2065:
2064:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2011:
2009:
2005:(blossom bats)
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1939:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1865:
1864:
1861:Macroglossinae
1851:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1770:
1766:D. moluccensis
1761:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1642:
1641:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1283:C. luzoniensis
1278:
1274:C. horsfieldii
1269:
1259:
1257:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1117:
1116:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1009:N. malaitensis
1004:
995:
986:
977:
968:
959:
950:
941:
931:
929:
909:
908:
895:
894:
892:
891:
885:
883:Laurasiatheria
879:
873:
867:
861:
854:
851:
850:
842:
841:
834:
827:
819:
813:
812:
809:
802:
800:
797:
790:
788:
770:
763:
759:
756:
755:
754:
749:
746:
743:
742:
698:
671:(3): 210–229.
651:
632:
613:
594:
575:
513:
490:
484:978-0951731314
483:
465:
418:
417:
415:
412:
298:
295:
258:
255:
245:
242:
218:
217:
213:
212:
204:
203:
196:
185:
184:
178:
177:
173:C. sphinx
170:
168:
164:
163:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
78:
77:
59:
56:
55:
50:
47:
46:
35:
34:
26:
25:
16:Species of bat
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3973:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3956:Bats of India
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3874:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3713:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3637:
3635:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3623:Scotonycteris
3619:
3613:
3611:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3558:
3556:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3521:
3519:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3448:Megaloglossus
3444:
3438:
3436:
3435:L. angolensis
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3424:Lissonycteris
3420:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3401:
3399:
3398:N. veldkampii
3394:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3348:
3347:
3346:Micropteropus
3342:
3336:
3334:
3333:H. monstrosus
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3310:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3187:E. angolensis
3183:
3182:
3180:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3146:Epomophorinae
3141:
3137:
3123:
3121:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3104:Stenonycteris
3100:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3093:R. spinalatus
3089:
3087:
3085:
3084:R. obliviosus
3080:
3078:
3076:
3075:R. linduensis
3071:
3069:
3067:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3048:R. celebensis
3044:
3042:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3007:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2923:
2909:
2907:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2864:P. voeltzkowi
2860:
2858:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2810:P. temminckii
2806:
2804:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2783:P. scapulatus
2779:
2777:
2775:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2693:P. personatus
2689:
2687:
2685:
2684:P. pelewensis
2680:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2623:P. molossinus
2619:
2617:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2443:P. dasymallus
2439:
2437:
2435:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2085:A. celebensis
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2052:
2038:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1976:N. macdonaldi
1972:
1971:
1969:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1926:M. fardoulisi
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1852:
1838:
1836:
1835:H. whiteheadi
1831:
1829:
1827:
1826:H. celebensis
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1793:D. praedatrix
1789:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1699:
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1687:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1629:
1615:
1614:
1613:T. suhaniahae
1610:
1608:
1606:
1605:T. nigrescens
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1560:
1558:
1553:
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1549:
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1530:
1525:
1519:
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1507:
1506:
1501:
1495:
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1483:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1382:Haplonycteris
1378:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1315:
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1306:
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1302:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1265:C. brachyotis
1261:
1260:
1258:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1191:Balionycteris
1187:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1104:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1067:Paranyctimene
1063:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1003:
1001:
996:
994:
992:
987:
985:
983:
982:N. draconilla
978:
976:
974:
969:
967:
965:
960:
958:
956:
955:N. cephalotes
951:
949:
947:
946:N. albiventer
942:
940:
938:
933:
932:
930:
920:
919:
914:
910:
906:
900:
896:
890:
886:
884:
880:
878:
874:
872:
868:
866:
862:
860:
856:
855:
852:
848:
840:
835:
833:
828:
826:
821:
820:
817:
806:
801:
794:
789:
786:
782:
778:
774:
767:
762:
761:
752:
751:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
702:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
655:
647:
643:
636:
628:
624:
617:
609:
605:
598:
590:
586:
579:
571:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
543:
539:
536:(10): e7595.
535:
531:
527:
520:
518:
509:
505:
501:
494:
486:
480:
476:
469:
453:
448:
444:
440:
439:
434:
432:
423:
419:
411:
407:
405:
404:
398:
396:
391:
389:
386:, dates, and
385:
381:
377:
373:
368:
365:
361:
358:in the right
357:
356:corpus luteum
353:
352:
346:
342:
341:Central India
338:
320:
317:
313:
309:
305:
294:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
267:
263:
254:
251:
241:
239:
235:
231:
230:
225:
214:
210:
205:
200:
194:
192:
186:
183:
182:Binomial name
179:
175:
174:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
88:
83:
79:
73:
68:
67:Least Concern
57:
53:
48:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3906:Bats of Asia
3672:
3633:
3621:
3609:
3600:
3591:
3581:Casinycteris
3579:
3555:P. anchietae
3554:
3542:
3517:
3508:
3499:
3479:
3468:M. woermanni
3467:
3458:
3446:
3434:
3422:
3414:Myonycterini
3397:
3387:Nanonycteris
3385:
3373:
3364:
3344:
3332:
3322:Hypsignathus
3320:
3309:E. franqueti
3308:
3299:
3290:
3270:
3259:E. wahlbergi
3258:
3249:
3240:
3231:
3222:
3214:E. gambianus
3213:
3205:E. crypturus
3204:
3195:
3186:
3166:
3158:Epomophorini
3119:
3110:
3101:
3092:
3083:
3074:
3065:
3056:
3047:
3038:
3029:
3020:
3011:
2993:
2981:
2972:
2963:
2943:
2905:
2896:
2886:Styloctenium
2884:
2873:P. woodfordi
2872:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2801:P. speciosus
2800:
2791:
2782:
2774:P. samoensis
2773:
2764:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2720:P. pselaphon
2719:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2676:P. pelagicus
2674:
2667:
2658:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2614:P. melanotus
2613:
2604:
2595:
2587:P. mariannus
2586:
2578:P. mahaganus
2577:
2568:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2371:P. anetianus
2370:
2362:P. allenorum
2361:
2352:
2343:
2334:
2314:
2302:
2293:
2285:P. flanneryi
2284:
2275:
2266:
2254:
2242:
2230:
2219:M. acrodonta
2218:
2206:
2194:
2186:E. dupreanum
2185:
2165:
2153:
2144:
2132:
2120:
2111:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2072:
2061:Pteropodinae
2034:
2026:S. carolinae
2025:
2017:S. australis
2016:
1998:Syconycteris
1996:
1984:
1975:
1955:
1944:M. woodfordi
1943:
1934:
1925:
1915:Melonycteris
1913:
1901:
1892:
1874:Macroglossus
1872:
1834:
1825:
1813:
1801:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1721:D. crenulata
1720:
1711:
1703:D. beauforti
1702:
1694:D. anderseni
1693:
1673:
1661:
1649:
1611:
1604:
1592:
1581:S. blanfordi
1580:
1568:
1556:
1547:
1527:
1515:
1503:
1491:
1479:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1441:M. ecaudatus
1440:
1428:
1417:L. salimalii
1416:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1369:D. spadiceus
1368:
1359:
1350:
1330:
1318:
1309:
1307:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1244:
1232:
1220:
1208:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1167:Alionycteris
1165:
1153:
1144:
1124:
1113:Cynopterinae
1086:
1077:
1065:
1054:N. vizcaccia
1053:
1045:N. robinsoni
1044:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1008:
999:
990:
981:
972:
963:
954:
945:
936:
916:
905:Nyctimeninae
881:Superorder:
875:Infraclass:
847:Pteropodidae
772:
712:
708:
701:
668:
664:
654:
645:
641:
635:
626:
622:
616:
607:
603:
597:
588:
584:
578:
533:
529:
507:
503:
493:
474:
468:
456:. Retrieved
442:
436:
430:
422:
408:
401:
399:
392:
369:
349:
344:
334:
300:
271:
265:
249:
247:
233:
228:
227:
223:
221:
190:
188:
172:
171:
159:
149:Pteropodidae
18:
3777:iNaturalist
3697:Wikispecies
3610:C. ophiodon
3592:C. argynnis
3518:M. torquata
3481:Myonycteris
3374:M. pusillus
3232:E. labiatus
3168:Epomophorus
2932:Rousettinae
2906:S. wallacei
2846:P. vampyrus
2819:P. tonganus
2747:P. rennelli
2659:P. ocularis
2569:P. macrotis
2524:P. keyensis
2497:P. howensis
2470:P. fundatus
2461:P. faunulus
2416:P. cognatus
2389:P. caniceps
2380:P. aruensis
2134:Desmalopex
2121:A. mackloti
2112:A. leucotis
1935:M. melanops
1902:M. sobrinus
1712:D. chapmani
1662:A. bulmerae
1529:Ptenochirus
1481:Otopteropus
1468:M. wetmorei
1459:M. niphanae
1450:M. kusnotoi
1393:H. fischeri
1360:D. rickarti
1332:Dyacopterus
1202:B. maculata
1145:A. aequalis
973:N. cyclotis
781:West Bengal
591:(1): 46–48.
458:16 November
372:frugivorous
351:post partum
244:Description
44:Maharashtra
3901:Cynopterus
3890:Categories
3634:S. zenkeri
3509:M. relicta
3459:M. azagnyi
3300:E. dobsoni
3241:E. minimus
3223:E. grandis
3196:E. anselli
3144:Subfamily
3111:R. lanosus
2982:E. robusta
2973:E. spelaea
2945:Eonycteris
2930:Subfamily
2855:P. vetulus
2837:P. ualanus
2738:P. rayneri
2729:P. pumilus
2668:P. ornatus
2488:P. griseus
2452:P. ennisae
2294:P. pulchra
2256:Pteralopex
2103:A. jubatus
2094:A. humilis
2059:Subfamily
1957:Notopteris
1893:M. minimus
1859:Subfamily
1802:D. viridis
1784:D. peronii
1748:D. inermis
1739:D. exoleta
1636:Subfamily
1594:Thoopterus
1351:D. brooksi
1292:C. minutus
1246:Cynopterus
1111:Subfamily
1027:N. minutus
1018:N. masalai
964:N. certans
903:Subfamily
889:Chiroptera
648:(1): 8–12.
414:References
335:The adult
316:penetrated
312:Copulation
304:polygynous
286:grasslands
160:Cynopterus
139:Chiroptera
3534:Plerotini
3102:Subgenus
3032:Rousettus
3030:Subgenus
3021:R. bidens
3012:Subgenus
2995:Rousettus
2702:P. pohlei
2596:P. medius
2353:P. alecto
2276:P. atrata
2267:P. anceps
2243:N. frosti
2232:Neopteryx
2195:E. helvum
2035:S. hobbit
1730:D. emersa
1651:Aproteles
1570:Sphaerias
1548:P. jagori
1516:P. lucasi
1505:Penthetor
1430:Megaerops
1310:C. sphinx
1154:A. alecto
1126:Aethalops
1078:P. raptor
1036:N. rabori
991:N. keasti
918:Nyctimene
857:Kingdom:
729:0873-9749
715:: 95–99.
693:1439-0310
510:(5): 418.
364:ovulation
345:C. sphinx
337:sex ratio
266:C. sphinx
250:C. sphinx
167:Species:
105:Kingdom:
99:Eukaryota
3847:13800060
3795:11022926
3688:Q1340212
3682:Wikidata
3544:Plerotes
3250:E. minor
2964:E. major
2765:P. rufus
2641:P. niger
2560:P. lylei
2316:Pteropus
2208:Mirimiri
2074:Acerodon
1757:D. minor
1675:Dobsonia
1557:P. minor
1406:Latidens
1222:Chironax
1087:P. tenax
1000:N. major
937:N. aello
877:Eutheria
871:Mammalia
865:Chordata
863:Phylum:
859:Animalia
737:16892095
665:Ethology
570:19862320
530:PLOS ONE
308:fellatio
290:mangrove
274:Pakistan
145:Family:
129:Mammalia
119:Chordata
115:Phylum:
109:Animalia
95:Domain:
72:IUCN 3.1
3834:1004379
3769:2432836
3272:Epomops
2434:P. coxi
2303:P. taki
2167:Eidolon
887:Order:
869:Class:
777:Kolkata
758:Gallery
673:Bibcode
561:2762080
538:Bibcode
388:lychees
278:Vietnam
257:Habitat
238:megabat
201:, 1797)
155:Genus:
135:Order:
125:Class:
70: (
40:Mangaon
3873:813031
3808:631555
3756:327321
3014:Boneia
735:
727:
691:
568:
558:
481:
384:chikoo
380:banana
232:), or
3790:IRMNG
3782:40792
3743:6BVYB
785:India
733:S2CID
376:guava
360:ovary
3860:9400
3855:NCBI
3821:6106
3816:IUCN
3803:ITIS
3764:GBIF
3730:9076
3725:BOLD
725:ISSN
689:ISSN
566:PMID
479:ISBN
460:2021
443:2019
288:and
222:The
199:Vahl
3842:MSW
3829:MDD
3751:EoL
3738:CoL
3712:ADW
717:doi
681:doi
669:100
556:PMC
546:doi
447:doi
276:to
3892::
3870::
3857::
3844::
3831::
3818::
3805::
3792::
3779::
3766::
3753::
3740::
3727::
3714::
3699::
3684::
3107::
3035::
3017::
783:,
779:,
731:.
723:.
713:19
711:.
687:.
679:.
667:.
663:.
646:79
644:.
627:30
625:.
608:53
606:.
589:30
587:.
564:.
554:.
544:.
532:.
528:.
516:^
508:65
506:.
502:.
441:.
435:.
406:.
390:.
382:,
378:,
343:,
42:,
3636:)
3612:)
3603:)
3594:)
3557:)
3520:)
3511:)
3502:)
3470:)
3461:)
3437:)
3400:)
3376:)
3367:)
3335:)
3311:)
3302:)
3293:)
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3252:)
3243:)
3234:)
3225:)
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3207:)
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2821:)
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2803:)
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2767:)
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2607:)
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2463:)
2454:)
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1946:)
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449::
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226:(
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74:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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