908:
102:
894:
132:
85:
315:
323:
139:
109:
881:
The economies of the Great Lakes region states have different structures and are at various stages of development. The GDP real growth rate ranges from 1.8 percent in
Burundi to 4.4 in the DRC. GDP per capita fluctuates between $ 600 in DRC and Burundi and $ 800 in Uganda.
878:—provides the main livelihood for people in the region. With four Great Lakes on its borders, Uganda ranks as one of the world's largest producers of freshwater fish. The climate and rich volcanic soils in the highlands also sustain intensely cultivated croplands.
692:
The highlands are relatively cool, with average temperatures ranging between 17 °C (63 °F) and 19 °C (66 °F) and abundant rainfall. Major drainage basins include those of the Congo-Zaire, Nile, and
Zambezi rivers, which drain into the
708:
Forests are dominant in the lowlands of the Congo-Zaire Basin, while grasslands and savannas (dry grasslands) are most common in the southern and eastern highlands. Temperatures in the lowlands average about 35 °C (95 °F). Around
1093:
623:
is the most commonly spoken language in the
African Great Lakes region. It also serves as a national or official language of five nations in the region: Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
459:. The exact number of lakes considered part of the African Great Lakes varies by list, and may include smaller lakes in the rift valleys, especially if they are part of the same drainage basin as the larger lakes, such as
400:. This total constitutes about 25% of the planet's unfrozen surface fresh water. The large rift lakes of Africa are the ancient home of great biodiversity, and 10% of the world's fish species live in this region.
627:
Because of its high population—estimated to be 107 million people—and the agricultural surplus in the region, the area became organized into a number of small states. The most powerful of these monarchies were
647:
and the watershed triple point between the rivers Nile, Congo and
Zambezi, the region had long been of interest to Europeans. The first Europeans to arrive in the region in any numbers were
392:, the world's largest permanent desert lake and the world's largest alkaline lake. Collectively, they contain 31,000 km (7,400 cu mi) of water, which is more than either
806:
Lake
Victoria is not actually within the Rift Valley. It occupies a depression between the Eastern and Western Rifts, formed by the uplift of the rifts to either of its sides.
654:
who had limited success in converting the locals, but did open the region to later colonization. Increased contact with the rest of the world led to a series of devastating
803:, began separating from the rest of Africa, moving to the northeast. The basins that resulted from the geological uplifts filled with water that now flowed north.
756:
wades in its shallows. The East
African rift system also serves as a flyway for migrating birds, bringing in hundreds more. The birds are essentially supported by
2022:
168:
677:
101:
1336:
729:
fish species live in the lakes, as well as other fish families. The lakes are also important habitats for a number of amphibian species.
2145:
763:
Vegetation ranges from rainforest to savanna grasses. In some lakes, rapidly growing invasive plants, like the surface-choking
131:
2067:
1030:
17:
1576:
1119:
Turner; Seehausen; Knight; Allender; Robinson (2001). "How many species of cichlid fishes are there in
African lakes?".
814:
Around two to three million years ago, Lake
Turkana was larger and the area more fertile, making it a center for early
2155:
1305:
575:
412:
242:
713:, the climate is hot and very dry. A short rainy season in October is followed by a longer one from April to May.
1329:
921:
1902:
1596:
1917:
1414:
799:, or trough, in which lake water can collect. This rift began when East Africa, impelled by currents in the
2130:
2042:
1499:
616:("between lakes") can refer to the region, or more specifically, the nations or area bounded by the lakes.
661:
While seen as a region with great potential after independence, the Great Lakes region has suffered from
1094:"In Tanzania, UNHCR's Grandi urges more backing for solutions as the country continues to host refugees"
2135:
1877:
1322:
936:
779:
Until 12 million years ago, the bountiful waters of the equatorial plateau either flowed west into the
1164:
1812:
926:
1223:
2140:
1261:
1237:
1071:
2012:
1529:
1060:"the region of Africa that is bounded by Lakes Victoria, Kyoga, Albert, Edward, and Tanganyika"
858:
1020:
1954:
1912:
1907:
1822:
1685:
1504:
1424:
1419:
1210:
1049:
946:
738:
374:
220:
200:
27:"African Great Lakes Region" redirects here. Not to be confused with North American region,
2150:
1608:
931:
764:
486:
350:
71:
1429:
970:
612:
8:
2027:
2007:
1872:
1544:
2087:
1992:
1601:
1549:
1146:
1037:
the fertile corridor of the Great Lakes Region (also called the interlacustrine region)
28:
2017:
1997:
1949:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1737:
1482:
1477:
1467:
1462:
1301:
1138:
1134:
1121:
1026:
1016:
951:
698:
366:
362:
331:
327:
213:
1150:
856:
boy was discovered. In 1999, a 3,500,000-year-old skull was discovered there, named
752:
The Lake
Turkana area is home to hundreds of species of birds endemic to Kenya. The
721:
The
Western Rift Valley lakes are freshwater and home to an extraordinary number of
2109:
2097:
2082:
2062:
2047:
1922:
1586:
1564:
1192:
1130:
842:
800:
684:
for consistently welcoming and aiding refugees from other countries in the region.
620:
342:
56:
2104:
1897:
1832:
1817:
1782:
1752:
1648:
1365:
1054:
792:
768:
543:
506:
381:
2002:
455:
The following are included on most lists of the African Great Lakes, grouped by
2092:
1927:
1842:
1837:
1827:
1742:
1715:
1633:
1581:
1554:
1539:
1514:
1457:
1434:
1370:
1357:
819:
730:
694:
456:
232:
2124:
1892:
1658:
1653:
1643:
1615:
1519:
994:
941:
899:
475:
370:
183:
170:
1345:
2052:
1867:
1705:
1625:
1559:
1534:
1472:
1293:
1142:
913:
852:
836:
823:
784:
746:
710:
702:
651:
550:
389:
1189:"Figure 1 - Real GDP Growth and Per Capita GDP ($ PPP at current prices)"
1188:
771:, are problems. Water hyacinth have thus far affected only Lake Victoria.
2037:
1982:
1944:
1939:
1932:
1887:
1882:
1859:
1730:
1700:
1695:
1444:
1404:
1399:
1196:
847:
780:
535:
531:
499:
491:
397:
393:
385:
377:
1987:
1961:
1797:
1787:
1777:
1725:
1710:
1675:
1591:
1409:
1377:
1297:
995:"International Documentation Network on the Great African Lakes Region"
875:
846:, named after the lake (previously known as Lake Rudolf). In 1984, the
831:
591:
555:
516:
480:
468:
460:
428:
258:
314:
221:
2057:
1977:
1847:
1524:
1509:
1487:
826:
excavations in the area, which yielded many important discoveries of
662:
648:
511:
322:
1314:
1802:
1792:
1663:
1387:
757:
753:
722:
681:
655:
599:
579:
440:
416:
270:
246:
384:, the world's second-largest freshwater lake by volume and depth;
89:
Satellite view of the African Great Lakes region and its coastline
84:
1680:
1638:
1569:
1382:
871:
827:
815:
742:
726:
637:
633:
629:
571:
524:
408:
238:
787:. This was changed by the formation of the Great Rift Valley. A
2072:
2032:
1807:
1690:
1392:
1349:
796:
734:
607:
603:
595:
587:
444:
436:
432:
424:
274:
266:
262:
254:
840:, but some anthropologists have assigned it to a new species,
791:
is a weak place in Earth's crust due to the separation of two
483:(part of the Great Lakes system but not itself a "great lake")
2077:
1720:
1118:
583:
420:
250:
48:
403:
Countries in the area which are bounded by the lakes of the
1670:
1492:
788:
644:
358:
388:, the world's eighth-largest freshwater lake by area; and
669:
in the four decades around the turn of the 21st century (
666:
1290:
The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History
497:
466:
2023:
List of countries where Arabic is an official language
889:
760:
masses in the lake, which also feed the fish there.
522:
834:was found in 1972. It was originally thought to be
570:Lakes region) consists of ten riparian countries:
1238:"GDP per capita (current US$ ) - Congo, Dem. Rep"
63:
2122:
161:
404:
288:31,000 cubic kilometres (7,400 cu mi)
1330:
678:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
561:
450:
1015:
989:
987:
541:
138:
108:
1337:
1323:
227:White Nile river, Congo river, Shire river
1112:
963:
862:, which means "flat-faced man of Kenya".
318:The African Great Lakes system, (in blue)
1287:
1262:"GDP per capita (current US$ ) - Uganda"
1072:"Great Lakes Region of Africa – Burundi"
984:
321:
313:
14:
2123:
1165:"GDP growth (annual %) - Burundi"
2068:Portuguese-speaking African countries
1344:
1318:
658:affecting both humans and livestock.
1063:
643:Being the long-sought source of the
326:Map of larger region including the
308:17 to 19 °C (63 to 66 °F)
24:
850:, a nearly complete skeleton of a
830:remains. The two-million-year-old
716:
34:Series of lakes in the Rift Valley
25:
2167:
1069:
1135:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.x
906:
892:
576:Democratic Republic of the Congo
566:The Great Lakes region (rarely:
413:Democratic Republic of the Congo
243:Democratic Republic of the Congo
137:
130:
107:
100:
83:
1254:
1230:
1022:Encyclopedia of African History
922:2005 Lake Tanganyika earthquake
2146:Lakes of the Great Rift Valley
1903:Guinean Forests of West Africa
1288:Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (2006).
1181:
1157:
1086:
1055:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1042:
1009:
997:. Princeton University Library
809:
13:
1:
1918:Guinean forest-savanna mosaic
1415:Cameroonian Highlands forests
1281:
670:
361:constituting the part of the
2043:Middle East and North Africa
1500:East African montane forests
7:
885:
380:lake in the world by area;
10:
2172:
1070:Shema, Rutagengwa Claude.
1025:. Routledge. p. 320.
937:Great Lakes refugee crisis
865:
774:
687:
562:African Great Lakes region
523:Lake that drains into the
498:Lakes that drain into the
467:Lakes that drain into the
398:North American Great Lakes
26:
1970:
1858:
1813:Indian Ocean coastal belt
1751:
1624:
1443:
1356:
927:2008 Lake Kivu earthquake
795:, often accompanied by a
725:species. More than 1,500
451:Lakes and drainage basins
330:and the entire so-called
304:
296:
292:
284:
280:
231:
219:
209:
199:
160:
121:Show map of Zambezi River
94:
82:
44:
39:
2156:Geography of East Africa
957:
2013:Guineo-Congolian region
973:. www.zambiatourism.com
640:, Rwanda, and Burundi.
300:35 °C (95 °F)
1218:Cite journal requires
859:Kenyanthropus platyops
783:system or east to the
369:. The series includes
354:
346:
334:
319:
64:
49:
1955:West Sudanian savanna
1913:Lower Guinean forests
1908:Upper Guinean forests
1823:Cape Floristic Region
1686:Cataracts of the Nile
1505:Eastern Arc Mountains
1425:Congolian rainforests
1420:East Sudanian savanna
947:List of lakes by area
870:Fishing—primarily of
325:
317:
1609:Zanzibar Archipelago
1577:Indian Ocean islands
1266:World Bank Open Data
1242:World Bank Open Data
1197:10.1787/266155225581
1169:World Bank Open Data
932:East African Plateau
874:species but also of
676:–2020). In 2022 the
184:8.00000°S 35.00000°E
18:Great Lakes (Africa)
2131:African Great Lakes
2028:Mediterranean Basin
2008:Greater Middle East
1545:Ethiopian Highlands
1453:African Great Lakes
767:and shore-clogging
339:African Great Lakes
180: /
145:African Great Lakes
115:African Great Lakes
40:African Great Lakes
2088:Sub-Saharan Africa
1993:Commonwealth realm
1602:Northern Highlands
1550:Dahlak Archipelago
1058:. Merriam-Webster.
1017:Shillington, Kevin
405:Great Lakes region
365:in and around the
357:) are a series of
335:
320:
189:-8.00000; 35.00000
151:Show map of Africa
29:Great Lakes region
2136:Regions of Africa
2118:
2117:
2018:Islands of Africa
1998:Equatorial Africa
1950:Inner Niger Delta
1738:Tibesti Mountains
1597:Central Highlands
1483:Virunga Mountains
1478:Rift Valley lakes
1468:Great Rift Valley
1463:East African Rift
1430:Ouaddaï highlands
1122:Molecular Ecology
1050:"interlacustrine"
1032:978-1-135-45669-6
952:Rift Valley lakes
699:Mediterranean Sea
367:East African Rift
363:Rift Valley lakes
332:Great Rift Valley
328:East African Rift
312:
311:
214:East African Rift
16:(Redirected from
2163:
2110:Zambezian region
2098:Sudanian savanna
2083:Southeast Africa
2063:Northeast Africa
2048:Miombo woodlands
1923:Guinea Highlands
1587:Lamu Archipelago
1565:Gulf of Tadjoura
1339:
1332:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1292:. Translated by
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
991:
982:
981:
979:
978:
967:
916:
911:
910:
909:
902:
897:
896:
895:
843:Homo rudolfensis
705:, respectively.
675:
672:
621:Swahili language
610:. The adjective
305:Min. temperature
297:Max. temperature
223:
222:Primary outflows
205:Freshwater lakes
195:
194:
192:
191:
190:
185:
181:
178:
177:
176:
173:
163:
152:
141:
140:
134:
122:
111:
110:
104:
87:
75:
67:
60:
52:
37:
36:
21:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2141:Lakes of Africa
2121:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2105:Tropical Africa
1966:
1854:
1833:Kalahari Desert
1818:Albany thickets
1783:Succulent Karoo
1747:
1649:Atlas Mountains
1620:
1439:
1352:
1343:
1308:
1284:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1219:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1173:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1117:
1113:
1103:
1101:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1068:
1064:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1014:
1010:
1000:
998:
993:
992:
985:
976:
974:
969:
968:
964:
960:
912:
907:
905:
898:
893:
891:
888:
868:
824:anthropological
812:
793:tectonic plates
777:
731:Nile crocodiles
719:
717:Flora and fauna
690:
673:
613:interlacustrine
564:
547:
528:
507:Lake Tanganyika
503:
472:
453:
382:Lake Tanganyika
235: countries
188:
186:
182:
179:
174:
171:
169:
167:
166:
156:
155:
154:
153:
150:
149:
148:
147:
146:
142:
125:
124:
123:
120:
119:
118:
117:
116:
112:
90:
78:
69:
54:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2169:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2093:Sudan (region)
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1928:Gulf of Guinea
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1843:Cape Peninsula
1840:
1838:Okavango Delta
1835:
1830:
1828:Skeleton Coast
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1743:Western Sahara
1740:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1716:Nuba Mountains
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1636:
1634:Eastern Desert
1630:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1589:
1584:
1582:Comoro Islands
1574:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1555:Hanish Islands
1552:
1547:
1542:
1540:Danakil Desert
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1515:Horn of Africa
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1458:Albertine Rift
1449:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1435:Ennedi Plateau
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1371:Gulf of Guinea
1362:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1342:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1253:
1229:
1220:|journal=
1180:
1156:
1129:(3): 793–806.
1111:
1085:
1062:
1041:
1031:
1008:
983:
961:
959:
956:
955:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
918:
917:
903:
887:
884:
867:
864:
820:Richard Leakey
811:
808:
776:
773:
765:water hyacinth
733:are numerous.
718:
715:
695:Atlantic Ocean
689:
686:
563:
560:
559:
558:
553:
546:
540:
539:
538:
527:
521:
520:
519:
514:
509:
502:
496:
495:
494:
489:
484:
478:
471:
465:
457:drainage basin
452:
449:
375:second-largest
355:Ibiyaga bigari
310:
309:
306:
302:
301:
298:
294:
293:
290:
289:
286:
282:
281:
278:
277:
236:
229:
228:
225:
217:
216:
211:
207:
206:
203:
197:
196:
164:
158:
157:
144:
143:
136:
135:
129:
128:
127:
126:
114:
113:
106:
105:
99:
98:
97:
96:
95:
92:
91:
88:
80:
79:
77:
76:
65:Ibiyaga bigari
61:
45:
42:
41:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2168:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:Macro-regions
1969:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1941:
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942:List of lakes
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476:Lake Victoria
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2053:Mittelafrika
2003:Françafrique
1868:Pepper Coast
1706:Middle Egypt
1560:Gulf of Aden
1535:Danakil Alps
1473:Gregory Rift
1452:
1296:. New York:
1289:
1269:. Retrieved
1265:
1256:
1245:. Retrieved
1241:
1232:
1211:cite journal
1200:. Retrieved
1183:
1172:. Retrieved
1168:
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1120:
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1102:. Retrieved
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1076:. Retrieved
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999:. Retrieved
975:. Retrieved
965:
914:Lakes portal
880:
869:
857:
853:Homo erectus
851:
841:
837:Homo habilis
835:
813:
805:
785:Indian Ocean
778:
762:
751:
747:hippopotamus
720:
711:Lake Turkana
707:
703:Indian Ocean
691:
660:
652:missionaries
642:
626:
618:
611:
567:
565:
551:Lake Turkana
454:
402:
390:Lake Turkana
347:Maziwa Makuu
338:
336:
285:Water volume
210:Part of
50:Maziwa Makuu
2151:Lake groups
2038:Middle East
1983:Afromontane
1945:Niger Delta
1940:Niger Basin
1933:Dahomey Gap
1888:Cape Palmas
1883:Ivory Coast
1878:Slave Coast
1731:Upper Egypt
1701:Lower Nubia
1696:Lower Egypt
1671:Nile Valley
1405:Congo Basin
1400:Pool Malebo
1078:22 November
1074:. Author-me
1001:22 November
848:Turkana Boy
810:Archaeology
781:Congo River
674: 1980
542:Lakes with
536:Shire River
532:Lake Malawi
500:Congo River
492:Lake Edward
487:Lake Albert
394:Lake Baikal
386:Lake Malawi
351:Kinyarwanda
187: /
162:Coordinates
72:Kinyarwanda
2125:Categories
1988:Arab world
1962:Yorubaland
1873:Gold Coast
1798:Maputaland
1788:Nama Karoo
1778:Thembuland
1726:The Sudans
1711:Nile Delta
1676:Nile Delta
1592:Madagascar
1410:Chad Basin
1378:Cape Lopez
1298:Zone Books
1282:References
1271:2021-10-23
1247:2021-10-23
1202:2021-10-23
1174:2021-10-23
977:2008-03-14
971:"~ZAMBIA~"
876:Nile perch
832:Skull 1470
680:commended
592:Mozambique
556:Lake Rukwa
534:, via the
517:Lake Mweru
481:Lake Kyoga
469:White Nile
461:Lake Kyoga
429:Mozambique
378:freshwater
259:Mozambique
175:35°00′00″E
2058:Negroland
1978:Aethiopia
1848:False Bay
1525:Al-Habash
1510:Serengeti
1488:Kavirondo
739:elephants
663:civil war
656:epidemics
649:Christian
512:Lake Kivu
172:8°00′00″S
1803:Highveld
1793:Bushveld
1761:Rhodesia
1664:Ifriqiya
1530:Barbaria
1388:Igboland
1151:12925712
1143:11298988
1098:UNHCR US
1019:(2013).
886:See also
816:hominids
758:plankton
754:flamingo
743:gorillas
737:include
682:Tanzania
667:conflict
600:Tanzania
580:Ethiopia
441:Tanzania
417:Ethiopia
407:include
271:Tanzania
247:Ethiopia
1681:Bashmur
1639:Maghreb
1570:Red Sea
1383:Mayombe
1358:Central
1346:Regions
872:tilapia
866:Economy
828:hominin
775:Geology
769:papyrus
735:Mammals
727:cichlid
723:endemic
688:Climate
638:Karagwe
634:Bunyoro
630:Buganda
572:Burundi
568:Greater
525:Zambezi
409:Burundi
396:or the
343:Swahili
239:Burundi
57:Swahili
2073:Sahara
2033:MENASA
1808:Fynbos
1691:Darfur
1393:Mbaise
1350:Africa
1304:
1149:
1141:
1104:23 Nov
1029:
801:mantle
797:graben
701:, and
608:Zambia
606:, and
604:Uganda
596:Rwanda
588:Malawi
574:, the
445:Uganda
443:, and
437:Zambia
433:Rwanda
425:Malawi
411:, the
373:, the
275:Uganda
273:, and
267:Zambia
263:Rwanda
255:Malawi
241:, the
68:
53:
2078:Sahel
1771:South
1766:North
1753:South
1721:Nubia
1626:North
1147:S2CID
958:Notes
584:Kenya
421:Kenya
359:lakes
251:Kenya
233:Basin
1860:West
1493:Zanj
1445:East
1302:ISBN
1224:help
1139:PMID
1106:2022
1080:2013
1027:ISBN
1003:2013
789:rift
745:and
665:and
645:Nile
619:The
337:The
201:Type
1348:of
1193:doi
1131:doi
2127::
1300:.
1264:.
1240:.
1215::
1213:}}
1209:{{
1191:.
1167:.
1145:.
1137:.
1127:10
1125:.
1096:.
1052:.
1035:.
986:^
818:.
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697:,
671:c.
636:,
632:,
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594:,
590:,
586:,
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578:,
463:.
447:.
439:,
435:,
431:,
427:,
423:,
419:,
415:,
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349:;
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269:,
265:,
261:,
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1274:.
1250:.
1226:)
1222:(
1205:.
1195::
1177:.
1153:.
1133::
1108:.
1082:.
1005:.
980:.
341:(
74:)
70:(
59:)
55:(
31:.
20:)
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