1382:
451:
1374:
28:
301:
289:
1066:
212:'heat , passion, lust'). Scholar Jürgen Zeidler contends that this would be a "probable reference to the sun's heat and its healing properties". In early twentieth century scholarship, the theonym was often compared with the Old Irish
324:
of the Roman name of "Aquae Granni". The town's hot springs with temperatures between 45 °C and 75 °C lay in the somewhat inhospitably marshy area around Aachen's basin-shaped valley region. Aachen first became a
356:; Dio claims that the gods refused to heal him because they knew Caracalla's intentions to be evil. Caracalla's visit to the shrine of ‘the Celtic healing-god’ Grannus was during the war with Germany in 213.
1098:
1381:
947:
899:
819:
931:
915:
883:
867:
851:
835:
732:
591:
572:
1091:
546:
1050:. Edited by Andreas Hofeneder and Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel, 1st ed. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2013. pp. 101–112.
1046:
Hofeneder, Andreas; Hainzmann, Manfred, and
Mathieu, Nicolas. “Apollon Grannos – Überlegungen Zu Cassius Dio 77, 15,5–7”. In:
718:
Zeidler, Jürgen, "On the etymology of
Grannus", Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie, Volume 53 (1), de Gruyter. 2003, p. 86.
1878:
1084:
1001:
979:
169:'eyebrow'), although some scholars have pointed that the god is never actually portrayed with a beard. Old French
927:
911:
879:
863:
847:
831:
728:
587:
568:
450:
943:
895:
815:
784:
240:
495:
1373:
951:
1741:
1070:
185:, that is supposed to be Gaulish, but the vocalism is difficult to reconcile with the other forms.
1348:
749:
17:
620:
616:
523:
466:
The name
Grannus is sometimes accompanied by those of other deities in the inscriptions. In
1858:
1853:
1695:
972:
Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental
265:
8:
1873:
1863:
1288:
1188:
352:—during a bout of physical and mental illness, visiting the god's shrine and making many
61:
1868:
1733:
989:
217:
1789:
1781:
1258:
1048:
Théonymie
Celtique, Cultes, Interpretatio - Keltische Theonymie, Kulte, Interpretatio
1028:
997:
975:
471:
330:
1715:
1705:
1511:
1393:
1328:
1123:
1107:
1020:
967:
543:
475:
455:
77:
73:
499:
353:
317:
225:
27:
1617:
1544:
1248:
527:
1847:
1051:
1032:
519:
344:(188 AD to 217 AD) unsuccessfully sought help from Apollo Grannus—as well as
305:
261:
248:
1587:
1426:
1158:
442:("Water of Martius ", an aqueduct) for the ten-night festival of Grannus".
146:
1076:
300:
1832:
1822:
1675:
1572:
1529:
1471:
1303:
1293:
1024:
345:
337:
1799:
1756:
1723:
1670:
1635:
1592:
1534:
1524:
1406:
539:
368:
mentions a
Gaulish ten-night festival of Grannus (lightly Latinized as
1809:
1794:
1700:
1607:
1597:
1582:
1491:
1446:
1431:
1421:
1401:
1358:
1273:
1223:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1127:
435:
341:
308:, dedicated to Apollo. The name of Grand has been linked to Grannus.
188:
An alternative etymology connects the name to a reconstructed form *
1771:
1766:
1660:
1655:
1645:
1630:
1567:
1562:
1441:
1416:
1363:
1353:
1338:
1333:
1318:
1213:
1178:
1148:
507:
491:
487:
467:
312:
One of the god's most famous cult centres was at Aquae Granni (now
288:
253:
36:
1751:
1746:
1690:
1650:
1625:
1602:
1577:
1557:
1519:
1501:
1496:
1476:
1411:
1343:
1283:
1268:
1238:
1193:
1173:
1153:
1143:
531:
511:
483:
459:
365:
349:
277:
94:
31:
A partially reconstructed temple of Apollo
Grannus at Faimingen (
1817:
1665:
1640:
1552:
1481:
1466:
1461:
1323:
1313:
1308:
1298:
1228:
1218:
1065:
515:
321:
313:
293:
269:
134:
65:
51:
272:, presumably in Apollo's role as a healing or solar deity. In
260:
In all of his centres of worship where he is assimilated to a
145:
Its etymology remains debated. The name could be connected to
1827:
1685:
1680:
1486:
1456:
1451:
1436:
1278:
1263:
1233:
1183:
1168:
1163:
503:
364:
A 1st century AD Latin inscription from a public fountain in
273:
619:. Société de Mythologie Française. See also the inventory's
1761:
1243:
1119:
535:
479:
805:, Presses Universitaires Blaise Pascal, 2009, pp. 114-115.
690:
688:
651:
649:
647:
634:
632:
326:
247:("The one with a piercing or far-reaching look"), and at
1011:
Zeidler, Jürgen (2003). "On the etymology of
Grannus".
685:
673:
661:
644:
629:
438:
Postumus son of
Dumnorix gave from his own money the
292:Hot springs such as those at Aquae Granni (today's
700:
617:Un inventaire des divinités celtes de l’Antiquité
1845:
296:) are thought to have been dedicated to Grannus.
104:. The same stem appears in the personal names
72:and frequently worshipped in conjunction with
1092:
1106:
411:
402:
385:
376:
196:-), which could be related to Proto-Celtic
181:('moustache') are derived from an earlier *
1099:
1085:
1052:http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv8mdn28.10
276:, he is identified more specifically with
988:
966:
744:
742:
740:
694:
679:
655:
582:
580:
449:
299:
287:
26:
1010:
994:Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic
706:
667:
638:
220:, should be derived from Proto-Celtic *
14:
1846:
950:. The dedicant is Julius Melanius, an
737:
563:
561:
216:('sun'), which, according to linguist
1080:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
577:
478:; he is again invoked with Sirona at
283:
1013:Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie
316:, Germany). Aachen means ‘water’ in
165:'chin, beard, cheek', Middle Breton
157:, meaning 'beard' (cf. Middle Irish
558:
445:
208:'heat, glow, embers', Middle Welsh
204:, meaning 'heat' (cf. Middle Irish
64:. He was regularly identified with
24:
1380:
1372:
1040:
596:
25:
1890:
1058:
803:Le pouvoir local en Gaule romaine
245:Deus Apollo Grannus Amarcolitanus
1064:
538:", and before "the unvanquished
120:, as well as in the place names
960:
936:
920:
904:
888:
872:
856:
840:
824:
808:
795:
777:
768:
755:
721:
712:
100:is a latinized form of Gaulish
13:
1:
552:
454:Altar to Apollon Grannus and
173:('small beard'), Old Spanish
88:
7:
1879:Gods of the ancient Britons
359:
280:as Apollo Grannus Phoebus.
234:
10:
1895:
1808:
1780:
1732:
1714:
1616:
1543:
1510:
1392:
1370:
1136:
1115:
412:
403:
386:
377:
530:invokes him after "holy
470:, he is found with both
60:) was a Celtic deity of
83:
1386:
1378:
774:CIL VI 2086; IvEph 802
534:" and "the many-named
463:
309:
297:
177:('beard') and Occitan
128:'Grannus' clearing'),
39:
1384:
1376:
453:
370:decamnoctiacis Granni
303:
291:
76:, and sometimes with
30:
1073:at Wikimedia Commons
1025:10.1515/ZCPH.2003.77
526:. A votive altar at
340:, the Roman Emperor
304:The amphitheatre in
243:, Grannus is called
1118:Ancient deities of
80:and other deities.
62:classical antiquity
1734:Gallia Narbonensis
1387:
1379:
750:History of Bathing
516:Mother of the Gods
464:
434:Translation: "The
414:NOCTIACIS GRANNI D
310:
298:
284:Centres of worship
124:(from an earlier *
40:
1841:
1840:
1790:Matronae Aufaniae
1782:Germania Inferior
1259:Ialonus Contrebis
1069:Media related to
968:Delamarre, Xavier
952:imperial governor
801:Laurent Lamoine,
748:Dr. Rita Mielke.
670:, pp. 78–80.
641:, pp. 82–83.
427:
423:
419:
415:
406:
397:
393:
389:
380:
16:(Redirected from
1886:
1716:Gallia Cisalpina
1512:Gallia Aquitania
1108:Celtic mythology
1101:
1094:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1068:
1036:
1007:
990:Matasović, Ranko
985:
955:
940:
934:
924:
918:
908:
902:
892:
886:
876:
870:
860:
854:
844:
838:
828:
822:
812:
806:
799:
793:
781:
775:
772:
766:
759:
753:
746:
735:
725:
719:
716:
710:
704:
698:
692:
683:
677:
671:
665:
659:
653:
642:
636:
627:
626:
615:Patrice Lajoye.
613:
594:
584:
575:
565:
446:Divine entourage
429:
428:
425:
421:
417:
413:
408:
407:
405:AM MARTIAM DECAM
404:
399:
398:
395:
391:
387:
382:
381:
378:
354:votive offerings
21:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1804:
1776:
1728:
1710:
1612:
1539:
1506:
1388:
1368:
1249:Genii Cucullati
1132:
1111:
1105:
1061:
1043:
1041:Further reading
1004:
982:
963:
958:
941:
937:
925:
921:
909:
905:
893:
889:
877:
873:
861:
857:
845:
841:
829:
825:
813:
809:
800:
796:
782:
778:
773:
769:
760:
756:
747:
738:
726:
722:
717:
713:
705:
701:
693:
686:
678:
674:
666:
662:
654:
645:
637:
630:
624:
614:
597:
585:
578:
566:
559:
555:
448:
362:
331:Hallstatt times
327:curative centre
318:Old High German
286:
252:Apollo Grannus
237:
226:Primitive Irish
218:Ranko Matasović
161:, Middle Welsh
91:
86:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1892:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1762:Lero et Lerina
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1618:Gallia Celtica
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1545:Gallia Belgica
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1137:Supra-regional
1134:
1133:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1060:
1059:External links
1057:
1056:
1055:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1008:
1002:
986:
980:
962:
959:
957:
956:
935:
919:
903:
887:
871:
855:
839:
823:
807:
794:
776:
767:
754:
736:
720:
711:
699:
697:, p. 147.
695:Matasović 2009
684:
682:, p. 166.
680:Matasović 2009
672:
660:
658:, p. 183.
656:Delamarre 2003
643:
628:
595:
576:
556:
554:
551:
447:
444:
432:
431:
409:
400:
383:
361:
358:
285:
282:
264:, Grannus was
236:
233:
90:
87:
85:
82:
70:Apollo Grannus
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1891:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1383:
1375:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1109:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1003:9789004173361
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
981:9782877723695
977:
973:
969:
965:
964:
953:
949:
946:
945:
939:
933:
930:
929:
923:
917:
914:
913:
907:
901:
898:
897:
891:
885:
882:
881:
875:
869:
866:
865:
859:
853:
850:
849:
843:
837:
834:
833:
827:
821:
818:
817:
811:
804:
798:
791:
787:
786:
780:
771:
764:
763:Roman History
761:Cassius Dio,
758:
751:
745:
743:
741:
734:
731:
730:
724:
715:
708:
703:
696:
691:
689:
681:
676:
669:
664:
657:
652:
650:
648:
640:
635:
633:
622:
618:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
593:
590:
589:
583:
581:
574:
571:
570:
564:
562:
557:
550:
548:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
496:Sarmizegetusa
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
461:
457:
452:
443:
441:
437:
410:
401:
384:
375:
374:
373:
371:
367:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
336:According to
334:
332:
328:
323:
319:
315:
307:
302:
295:
290:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
258:
256:
255:
250:
249:Horbourg-Wihr
246:
242:
232:
230:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
143:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
58:Amarcolitanus
55:
53:
48:
44:
38:
34:
29:
19:
1588:Iovantucarus
1427:Belatucadros
1377:Celtic wheel
1253:
1159:Anextiomarus
1117:
1047:
1019:(1): 77–92.
1016:
1012:
993:
971:
961:Bibliography
942:
938:
926:
922:
910:
906:
894:
890:
878:
874:
862:
858:
846:
842:
830:
826:
814:
810:
802:
797:
789:
783:
779:
770:
762:
757:
727:
723:
714:
707:Zeidler 2003
702:
675:
668:Zeidler 2003
663:
639:Zeidler 2003
621:introduction
586:
567:
498:(twice). At
465:
458:, Baumberg (
439:
433:
369:
363:
335:
311:
259:
251:
244:
238:
228:
221:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
187:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:Proto-Celtic
144:
139:
133:
130:Aquae Granni
129:
126:Granno-ialon
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
92:
69:
57:
50:
46:
42:
41:
32:
1859:Health gods
1854:Celtic gods
1823:Endovelicus
1573:Icovellauna
1472:Ricagambeda
1349:Telesphorus
1304:Nantosuelta
974:. Errance.
948:1968, 00230
900:1983, 00828
852:XIII, 04129
820:1992, 01304
792:1991: 1222.
788:1989: 521;
733:XIII, 03635
625:(in French)
592:XIII, 02600
573:XIII, 05315
502:he is with
440:Aqua Martia
436:vergobretus
379:POSTVMVS DV
346:Aesculapius
338:Cassius Dio
1874:Water gods
1864:Solar gods
1848:Categories
1800:Nehalennia
1757:Cathubodua
1724:Ambisagrus
1671:Moritasgus
1636:Atepomarus
1593:Veraudunus
1535:Sexarbores
1407:Alaisiagae
932:III, 05873
916:III, 05861
884:III, 11903
868:III, 05588
553:References
394:(obretus)
266:identified
140:Granéjouls
1869:Fire gods
1810:Gallaecia
1795:Gebrinius
1701:Smertrios
1608:Xulsigiae
1598:Vindonnus
1583:Intarabus
1492:Vinotonus
1447:Coventina
1432:Britannia
1422:Arnemetia
1402:Abandinus
1394:Britannia
1359:Virotutis
1274:Loucetios
1224:Dis Pater
1209:Cissonius
1204:Cicolluis
1199:Cernunnos
1189:Brigantia
1130:by region
1128:Gallaecia
1033:0084-5302
996:. Brill.
836:VI, 00036
752:. Aachen.
518:, and at
508:Faimingen
424:(ecunia)
388:NORIGIS F
342:Caracalla
262:Roman god
241:Monthelon
192:- (< *
114:Grannicus
89:Etymology
33:Phoebiana
1772:Rudianos
1767:Nemausus
1742:Albiorix
1696:Souconna
1661:Nemetona
1656:Luxovius
1646:Gobannus
1631:Anvallus
1568:Arvernus
1563:Arduinna
1442:Cocidius
1417:Andraste
1364:Visucius
1354:Toutatis
1339:Suleviae
1334:Sucellus
1319:Rosmerta
1214:Condatis
1179:Belisama
1149:Alisanos
992:(2009).
970:(2003).
514:and the
500:Ennetach
492:Lauingen
488:Baumberg
468:Augsburg
390:(ilius)
360:Festival
254:Mogounus
235:Epithets
122:Grignols
118:Grannica
52:Mogounus
37:Lauingen
1752:Buxenus
1747:Artaius
1691:Sequana
1651:Icaunis
1626:Acionna
1603:Vosegus
1578:Inciona
1558:Ancamna
1520:Abellio
1502:Veteris
1497:Verbeia
1477:Satiada
1412:Ancasta
1385:Taranis
1344:Taranis
1294:Matrona
1284:Maponos
1269:Litavis
1254:Grannus
1239:Erecura
1194:Camulus
1174:Belenus
1154:Andarta
1144:Alaunus
1124:Britain
1071:Grannus
547:Sagatus
532:Serapis
528:Astorga
512:Hygieia
484:Bitburg
460:Germany
366:Limoges
350:Serapis
278:Phoebus
198:*grīns-
194:ghr-snó
190:gra-snó
183:grennos
155:/grend-
138:), and
110:Grannia
102:Grannos
98:Grannus
95:theonym
43:Grannus
35:) near
18:Grannos
1818:Bandua
1666:Moccus
1641:Bricta
1553:Abnoba
1482:Senuna
1467:Ocelus
1462:Nodens
1329:Sirona
1324:Segomo
1314:Ritona
1309:Ogmios
1299:Mogons
1289:Matres
1229:Divona
1219:Damona
1110:series
1031:
1000:
978:
765:78.15.
504:Nymphs
494:, and
476:Sirona
456:Sirona
430:(edit)
322:calque
314:Aachen
294:Aachen
270:Apollo
229:*grēnā
224:(>
222:grensā
202:grens-
175:greñon
171:grenon
135:Aachen
132:(>
116:, and
106:Grania
74:Sirona
66:Apollo
47:Granus
45:(also
1828:Nabia
1686:Robor
1681:Naria
1676:Mullo
1530:Fagus
1487:Sulis
1457:Latis
1452:Iouga
1437:Clota
1279:Lugus
1264:Lenus
1234:Epona
1184:Borvo
1169:Aveta
1164:Artio
522:with
520:Grand
510:with
506:, at
472:Diana
420:(ua)
306:Grand
274:Trier
268:with
214:grían
210:gwres
167:grann
163:grann
159:grend
151:grand
1833:Reue
1706:Telo
1525:Baco
1244:Esus
1126:and
1120:Gaul
1029:ISSN
998:ISBN
976:ISBN
544:Mars
542:and
540:Core
536:Isis
480:Rome
474:and
416:(e)
392:VERG
348:and
320:, a
206:grīs
179:gren
93:The
84:Name
78:Mars
56:and
1021:doi
928:CIL
912:CIL
880:CIL
864:CIL
848:CIL
832:CIL
729:CIL
588:CIL
569:CIL
549:".
524:Sol
396:AQV
372:):
329:in
239:At
231:).
68:as
1850::
1122:,
1027:.
1017:53
1015:.
944:AE
896:AE
816:AE
790:AE
785:AE
739:^
687:^
646:^
631:^
623:.
598:^
579:^
560:^
490:,
486:,
482:,
333:.
257:.
142:.
112:,
108:,
49:,
1100:e
1093:t
1086:v
1054:.
1035:.
1023::
1006:.
984:.
954:.
709:.
462:)
426:D
422:P
418:S
200:/
153:-
149:*
54:,
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
