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Grammarians of Kufa

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42:, lived during the seventh century. The great intellectual project that developed out of both schools of philology, created the sciences of Arabic grammar and lexicography. What emerged from an impetus to interpret the sacred texts of the 449: 393:- Abū ‘Amr Isḥāq ibn Mirār (d. ca. 821- 828), lived a long life and categorized the poetry and lore of at least 80 tribes. His son, ‘Amr ibn Abī ‘Amr (d. 845/846), collected and publicised his works. 60:. The compositions of famous poets were collected, arranged, and committed to writing. The grammarians of al-Baṣrah and al-Kūfah collected the ancient Arabian poetry and arranged the material into “ 70:) according to certain principles; either by classes of individuals, tribal groupings, selected qaṣīdas, or by themes of fragments, and edited into anthologies. Examples of their works are the 3685: 152: 279: 135: 54:
of al-Baṣrah and al-Kūfah, led to a communal quest for the purest, least corrupt, Arabic source material, for which they turned to the Pre-Islamic oral poetry as recited by the
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also grown, from an encampment into a town that attracted the great intellectual elites from across the region. The first grammarian of al-Kūfah was
2707: 349: 2479: 194: 357: 249: 3730: 2344: 253:- Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd Allāh ibn Yaḥyā, a.k.a., ‘Abd al-A‘lā ibn Muḥammad, (fl. ca. 741 - 823); an authority on tribal poetry, he was of the 1941: 2832: 2654: 375:- Abū Sa’īd Muḥammad ibn Hubayrah al-Asadī (fl. late C. 9th) of al-Kūfah, grammarian and philologist attached to a son of the Caliph 3000: 179:– a.k.a. Hārūn of al-Ḥīrah, a converted Jew from al-Ḥīrah and a disciple of Tha‘lab, a linguist and grammarian of latter C 9th. . 3750: 2727: 2822: 91: 185:- Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn ‘Āṣim al-Tamīmī, C9th scholar and source for material on Abū ‘Amr al-Shaybānī. 461:, early C9th pupil of Ibn al-A’rābī at al-Kūfah. A narrator of poetry and oral history of the Arab tribes. He compiled the 353:- Abū Ja‘far Muḥammad ibn Sa‘dān al-Ḍarīr (fl. 778 – 846) a language student and reader of the Qur’ān who lived at Baghdād. 215:- Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Harb (d. ca. 893 – 896), language student of al-Kūfah, who died at Damascus. 3740: 1741: 481:(770 – ca. 838) - the son of a Greek slave born at Herat, studied with al-Aṣma’ī and al-Kisā’ī, and became a judge. 2614: 407:. He was from Dawraq near al-Ahwaz. The son, Abū Yūsuf Ya‘qūb ibn Isḥāq Ibn al-Sikkīt, was a tutor to the son of 437: 385:(‘the Syrian’) - Muḥammad (Abū) ‘Abd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Shāmī, a Syrian pupil of Tha‘lab, in the latter C. 9th. 113:- Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ziyād (ca. 760 – 846). Celebrated linguist of rare phraseology. He died at Sāmarrā. 3745: 2732: 2619: 2509: 1979: 1934: 1768:. Vol. IV. Translated by Mac Guckin de Slane. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. 101:- Abū Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Bashshār al-Anbārī’ al-Qāsim, was a pupil of al-Farrā’ and Tha‘lab. His son was 2024: 151:- Abū Muḥammad; a grammarian and associate of al-Farrā’ at al-Kūfah in the early C 9th. His son was the scholar 2079: 283:- Mu’ādh ibn Muslim al-Harrā’, aka ‘’Abū Muslim’’’’ and ‘’Abū ‘Alī’’’’, (ca.722 – 803), was a cloth dealer of 3349: 2980: 2374: 2369: 2276: 3715: 2857: 2539: 811: 477: 430: 2314: 235:- Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn Hamzah of al-Kūfah. Al-Kisā’ī a celebrated grammarian who tutored the sons of the 3725: 2737: 2669: 337:- Abū Ja‘far Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Abī Sārah al-Nīlī al-Ru’āsī, wrote the first grammar book in the 139:- Aḥmad ibn ‘Ubayd (Allāh) ibn Nāṣiḥ, Abū Ja’far (d. 886/887), of al-Kūfah, tutor to the sons of Caliph 3474: 2644: 2589: 2584: 2324: 2271: 1927: 1783: 652: 1709: 1663: 515: 489:- Abū ‘Umar Muḥammad ibn ‘Abd al-Wāḥid al-Mutarriz (ca. 870 – 957), an ascetic philologer of Baghdād. 419:- ‘Abd al-‘Azīz, Abū Muḥammad (probably in early C. 9th) from al-Kūfah, a scholar of tribal dialects. 3279: 3146: 2872: 2604: 2119: 2049: 1811: 1747: 1048: 1495: 3735: 3720: 3236: 3088: 2947: 2852: 2817: 2399: 2054: 1906: 1855:, D. S. (ed.). "Irshād al-Arīb alā Ma'rifat al-Adīb (Yaqut's Dictionary of Learned Men; 7 vols.)". 1852: 1787: 1723: 3603: 3494: 3454: 3096: 3038: 3028: 2912: 2892: 2489: 2444: 2291: 2129: 1815: 1766:
Ibn Khallikān's Biographical Dictionary (translation of Wafayāt al-A'yān wa-Anbā" Ahnā' al-Zamān)
1757:
Ibn Khallikān's Biographical Dictionary (translation of Wafayāt al-A'yān wa-Anbā" Ahnā' al-Zamān)
1743:
Ibn Khallikān's Biographical Dictionary (translation of Wafayāt al-A'yān wa-Anbā" Ahnā' al-Zamān)
121:- Abū Muḥammad. a.k.a., Barzakh, or Nazraḥ, (fl. ca. 800), acclaimed author of book on prosody ( 1890: 1873: 1777: 3650: 3593: 3076: 2897: 2544: 2534: 2379: 2059: 628: 531: 313:- Abū Ja‘far Muḥammad (Aḥmad). A scholar of al-Kūfah, he taught Tha‘lab in Baghdād and tutored 109: 3625: 3583: 3499: 3284: 3116: 2827: 2634: 2429: 2349: 2196: 2186: 2009: 3459: 3419: 3304: 3166: 3151: 2907: 2579: 2529: 2454: 2439: 2434: 2329: 2296: 2281: 2261: 2134: 2039: 2019: 291: 83: 39: 1713: 8: 3680: 3670: 3640: 3598: 3578: 3534: 3389: 3354: 3299: 3121: 2797: 2504: 2251: 2221: 2069: 441:- Abū al-‘Abbās Aḥmad ibn Yaḥyā (ca. 815 – 904), of Baghdād, a celebrated grammarian and 400: 224: 2812: 1727: 473:- Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ‘Abd Allāh (d.857/858); grammarian of al-Kūfah. 3755: 3620: 3344: 3314: 3289: 3264: 2990: 2955: 2882: 2722: 2574: 2519: 2409: 2404: 2319: 2286: 2236: 2216: 2201: 1974: 1207: 1837:
Suyūṭī (al-), Jalāl al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Raḥmān (1964). Ibrāhīm, Muḥammad Abū l-Faḍl (ed.).
1687: 519: 3675: 3665: 3655: 3630: 3567: 3509: 3469: 3369: 3156: 3111: 2937: 2664: 2639: 2624: 2384: 2306: 2256: 2206: 2094: 1950: 1447: 338: 236: 1838: 1759:. Vol. III. Translated by Mac Guckin de Slane. Paris & London: W. H. Allen. 3610: 3529: 3484: 3414: 3334: 3259: 3244: 3171: 3161: 3141: 2717: 2659: 2359: 2231: 2226: 2168: 2144: 2139: 2114: 1864: 366: 3409: 3399: 3339: 3269: 3226: 3181: 3176: 3106: 3101: 3053: 2649: 2609: 2499: 2266: 2099: 2064: 1848: 763: 342: 242: 239: 128: 89: 469: 3539: 3519: 3444: 3404: 3394: 3384: 3364: 3249: 3126: 3020: 3010: 2927: 2747: 2674: 2494: 2484: 2364: 2211: 462: 123: 62: 1267: 3709: 3524: 3514: 3424: 3374: 3324: 3294: 3201: 3196: 3186: 3048: 2960: 2917: 2787: 2757: 2712: 2684: 2549: 2514: 2449: 2034: 1998: 1737: 408: 404: 376: 314: 159: 140: 102: 72: 2807: 1603: 1591: 3504: 3479: 3464: 3434: 3429: 3329: 3319: 3221: 3211: 3191: 3136: 2985: 2847: 2752: 2679: 2559: 2459: 2414: 2354: 2084: 2014: 1799: 544: 333: 297: 231: 78: 35: 2569: 1291: 3544: 3489: 3449: 3379: 3254: 3206: 3043: 3033: 3005: 2975: 2887: 2782: 2564: 2554: 2524: 2419: 2191: 2149: 2104: 2074: 2044: 2029: 1627: 2474: 1555: 1315: 1072: 3439: 3359: 3216: 3131: 2995: 2970: 2932: 2922: 2877: 2802: 2792: 2777: 2772: 2742: 2694: 2629: 2599: 2424: 2334: 2109: 1963: 1910: 1567: 823: 307:- an 8th century grammarian and philologist of the school of al-Kūfah. 51: 1363: 1255: 847: 799: 787: 715: 38:
who lived in the eighth century, whereas the earliest scholars of the
2965: 2867: 2842: 2762: 2594: 2464: 2394: 2246: 2241: 1825: 1795: 1773: 1651: 1002: 1000: 458: 454: 442: 369:, with links to al-Kūfah who taught in the mosque of the Tarjumānīyah 254: 56: 31: 27: 1919: 1639: 1327: 1279: 1171: 1096: 1060: 1012: 910: 775: 727: 543:
Mosque of the Tarjumānīyah was probably a quarter of West Baghdād. (
3309: 2902: 2862: 2767: 2469: 1909:, Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan (1984) . Ibrāhīm, Muḥammad (ed.). 1435: 1387: 1036: 2089: 1519: 1507: 1471: 1411: 1399: 1303: 1231: 1219: 1183: 1120: 1108: 997: 973: 961: 934: 835: 751: 703: 664: 616: 209:
an early C. 9th grammarian at al-Kūfah and a pupil of al-Aṣma’ī. *
2837: 2699: 2389: 1898: 1881: 1615: 1339: 1147: 886: 547:, “Biographical Index”, p. 1094) in the late C 8th - early C 9th. 362: 295:- Ibn Salamah al-Ḍabbī, Abū Ṭālib (d. 903), author of the famous 1804:
The Fihrist of al-Nadīm A Tenth-Century Survey of Muslim Culture
1675: 1483: 1195: 1024: 820:, pp. 76, 79, 114, 141, 145, 146–49, 158–59, 163, 165, 236. 3274: 2124: 1084: 874: 693: 691: 676: 640: 301:
and a renowned scholar of Qur’an and literature from al-Kūfah.
164: 47: 1543: 898: 580: 1159: 1137: 1135: 951: 949: 922: 864: 862: 661:, pp. 90, 151, 152, 156, 161, 190–91, 234, 248, 344-46.. 453:- Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn ‘Abd Allāh Ibn Sinān at-Taimi of the 284: 272: 206: 171:) was an important scholar of al-Kisā’ī, who died aged sixty. 43: 23: 1779:
Kitāb Murūj al-Dhahab wa-Ma'ādin al-Jawhar/Les Prairies d'or
1579: 1375: 1351: 739: 688: 1672:, pp. 67, 77–78, 80, 82, 105, 113, 156, 157, 162, 171. 604: 325: 168: 19: 1531: 1459: 1423: 1243: 1132: 1057:, pp. 79, 84, 112, 143, 144, 158, 191, 361, 365, 504. 985: 946: 859: 1504:, pp. 122–23, 126, 156, 158, 159, 172, 191, 345–348. 3566: 1872:
Yāqūt, Shihāb al-Dīn ibn ‘Abd Allāh al-Ḥamawī (1970) .
592: 568: 265:- Abū Mūsa ‘Īsā al-Kūfī, C 9th grammarian at al-Kūfah. 1897:. Vol. 6 (Photo- graphic reproduction ed.). 1889:
Yāqūt, Shihāb al-Dīn ibn ‘Abd Allāh al-Ḥamawī (1965).
245:
and was an authorized Quranic reader. (d. ca.795/813).
16:
Arabic Grammarians of Kufa city under Caliphate period
1840:
Bughyat al-Wu'āt fī Ṭabaqāt al-Lughawīyīn wa-al-Nuḥāh
1830:
Bughyat al-Wu'āt fī Ṭabaqāt al-Lughawīyīn wa-al-Nuḥāh
637:, pp. 77–79, 104, 164, 165, 166, 183, 190, 568.. 403:, was a scholar of literature who had studied under 1895:
Mu'jam al-Buldān (Jacut's Geographisches Wörterbuch)
1878:
Mu'jam al-Buldān (Jacut's Geographisches Wörterbuch)
1806:. New York & London: Columbia University Press. 1782:(in Arabic and French). Vol. 9. Translated by 1851:, Shihāb al-Dīn ibn ‘Abd Allāh al-Ḥamawī (1927) . 205:- Hishām ibn Ibrāhīm, Abū ‘Alī, from Karnaba near 534:MS has Ibn Qādim, whereas Flügel gives Abū Qādim. 3707: 1843:(in Arabic). Vol. II. Cairo: Sa‘adah Press. 1763: 1754: 1736: 1724:Iṣbahānī (al-), Abū al-Faraj ‘Alī ibn al-Ḥusayn 1681: 1657: 1597: 1549: 1489: 1441: 1297: 1201: 1153: 1090: 1030: 892: 721: 646: 622: 257:. Born at al-Kūfah and later moved to Baghdād. 163:- Abū Zakarīyā’ Yaḥyā ibn Ziyād (d. 822), from 105:, (885 - 940), a scholar famed for his memory. 1732:(in Arabic). Vol. 20. Cairo: Būlāq Press. 1722: 1078: 1935: 1905: 1772: 1718:(in Arabic). Leipzig: Brockhaus. p. 128. 1645: 1585: 1573: 1357: 1333: 1285: 1261: 1177: 1066: 1042: 916: 853: 829: 793: 781: 745: 697: 411:and a celebrated grammarian. (d. 857 – 861). 1836: 1824: 1764:Khallikān (Ibn), Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad (1871). 1755:Khallikān (Ibn), Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad (1868). 1621: 1525: 1405: 1216:, pp. 96, 135, I37, 161, 179, 350, 742. 1114: 1006: 979: 940: 805: 757: 709: 361:- Abū Ṭalib ‘Abd al-‘Azīz ibn Muḥammad from 1794: 1776:, Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn al-Ḥusayn (1877) . 1696:, pp. 100, 166, 167–68, 183, 190, 266. 1693: 1669: 1633: 1609: 1561: 1537: 1501: 1465: 1453: 1429: 1393: 1369: 1321: 1273: 1249: 1213: 1165: 1141: 1102: 1054: 1018: 991: 955: 904: 880: 868: 817: 769: 733: 682: 658: 634: 586: 1942: 1928: 1456:, pp. 90, 104, 150, 156, 191, 344–48. 30:river and grew, as had its counterpart at 1810: 610: 598: 574: 1790:, Pavet de. Paris: Imprimerie nationale. 3708: 1828:, Jalāl al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Raḥmān (1909). 1708: 1237: 772:, pp. 145, 147, 149, 165, 190–91. 427:‘Alī ibn Muḥammad ibn Wahb al-Mash’arī 271:- Abū al-Ḥasan (d. ca. 900) lived at 22:began as a military base ca. 638 near 3565: 3074: 2166: 1996: 1961: 1949: 1923: 1888: 1871: 1847: 1513: 1477: 1417: 1381: 1345: 1309: 1225: 1189: 1126: 967: 928: 841: 670: 445:, who moved from al-Kūfah to Baghdād. 379:at Baghdād. Yāqūt calls him Sa‘ūrā’. 317:, the son of the caliph, before 866. 269:Marzabān (ibn),‘Alī ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz 1912:Ṭabaqāt al-Naḥwīyīn wa-al-Lughawīyīn 1832:. Cairo: Sa‘adah Press. p. 404. 1715:Die grammatischen Schulen der Araber 383:Shāmī (al-), Abū Muhammad ‘Abd Allāh 197:(reciter of the Qur’ān) at al-Kūfah. 3731:Scholars from the Abbasid Caliphate 3568:National literatures of Arab states 1276:, pp. 148–149, 160–61, 190–91. 193:(died 824), a blind grammarian and 13: 1750:. Paris & London: W. H. Allen. 505:Authorities differ on these dates. 131:, wrote a refutation of his book. 90:Philologists of al-Kūfah found in 14: 3767: 1612:, pp. 153, 156, 158, 345–46. 1746:. Vol. I–II. Translated by 478:‘Ubayd (Abū) al-Qāsim ibn Sallām 329:(judge) of al-Kūfah (d. 791/792) 323:ibn ‘Abd al-Raḥmān; scholar and 99:Anbārī (al-), Abū Muhammad Qāsim 1997: 1980:Pre-Islamic Arabic inscriptions 1817:A Literary History of the Arabs 1600:, pp. 262, 269, n. 1., IV. 550: 537: 524: 508: 3751:Medieval grammarians of Arabic 2080:Harith ibn Hilliza Al-Yashkuri 1915:(in Arabic). Cairo: Al-Khanjī. 1636:, pp. 147, 149, 160, 191. 1516:, p. 396, Irshād, VI (2). 1480:, p. 300, Irshād, VI (7). 1420:, p. 133, Irshād, VI (7). 1312:, p. 480, Irshād, VI (6). 1228:, p. 211, Irshād, VI (7). 1192:, p. 170, Irshād, VI (7). 1129:, p. 247, Irshād, VI (5). 970:, p. 477, Irshād, VI (6). 844:, p. 234, Irshād, VI (7). 673:, p. 366, Irshād, VI (2). 499: 127:). The scholar of al-Baṣrah, 1: 2277:Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi 2167: 1857:E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Series 1740:, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad (1843). 1564:, pp. 86, 191, 345, 348. 1348:, p. 12, Irshād, VI (7). 1324:, pp. 76, 141, 142, 145. 1300:, pp. 24, 26, n.4., iii. 1240:, p. 128, Gram. Schulen. 562: 429:were early C9th disciples of 190:Hishām ibn Mu‘āwīyah al-Ḍarīr 26:on the western branch of the 1576:, pp. 141–50, §5 (#74). 514:Name spelled incorrectly in 92:al-Fihrist of Isḥāq al-Nadīm 7: 2738:Hamda bint Ziyad al-Muaddib 1372:, pp. 78–79, 154, 174. 1264:, pp. 138–9, §4 (#71). 1081:, p. 114, Aghānī, XII. 856:, pp. 151–2, §6 (#75). 832:, p. 131-33, §3 (#60). 808:, p. 333, Bughyat, II. 796:, pp. 131–3, §3 (#60). 10: 3772: 3075: 2272:Yunus al-Katib al-Mughanni 1820:. London: T. Fisher Unwin. 1702: 3574: 3561: 3280:Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur Attar 3235: 3087: 3083: 3070: 3019: 2946: 2693: 2305: 2179: 2175: 2162: 2005: 1992: 1970: 1957: 1021:, pp. 156, 158, 347. 931:, p. 268, Geog., IV. 736:, pp. 160, 161, 165. 556:Spelled Ṭuwāl, or Ṭuwwāl. 423:Thābit ibn ‘Amr ibn Ḥabīb 3741:Lexicographers of Arabic 2670:Ibn al-Qatta' al-Siqilli 1660:, pp. 238, 486, II. 1648:, p. 137, §4 (#70). 1396:, pp. 154, 626—68.. 1384:, p. 836, Geog., I. 1336:, p. 125, §1 (#56). 1288:, p. 133, §3 (#61). 1180:, p. 125, §1 (#57). 1105:, p. 155, 240, 347. 1069:, p. 127, §2 (#59). 1045:, pp. 302, 319, VI. 919:, p. 134, §3 (#63). 784:, p. 137, §4 (#69). 724:, p. 300, n.4., IV. 493: 3039:Abdul Qadir al-Baghdadi 2490:Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani 2345:Abu'l-Qasimbal-Maghribi 2130:Uthman ibn al-Huwayrith 2025:Al-Fāriʿah bint Shaddād 1962: 1528:, p. 210, Bughyat. 1408:, p. 110, Bughyat. 1117:, p. 370, Bughyat. 1009:, p. 404, Bughyat. 982:, p. 287, Bughyat. 943:, p. 408, Bughyat. 760:, p. 260, Bughyat. 712:, p. 144, Bughyat. 292:Mufaḍḍal (al-) al-Ḍabbī 220:Khurāsānī (al-), Naṣrān 153:al-Mufaḍḍal ibn Salamah 3746:Philologists of Arabic 2545:Abu Muhammad al-Anbari 2535:Safiyya al-Baghdadiyya 2050:Al-Nu'man ibn Humaydah 1624:, p. 20, Bughyat. 1444:, pp. 182–183, I. 625:, pp. 53–55, III. 176:Ḥā’ik (al-), Hārūn ibn 103:Abū Bakr Ibn al-Anbārī 3285:Abdur Rahman Kashgari 3117:Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi 2818:Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad 2635:Al-Raghib al-Isfahani 2197:Abd al-Hamid al-Katib 2187:Al-Akhtal al-Taghlibi 2010:Abu Layla al-Muhalhel 1814:, Reynold A. (1907). 416:Thābit ibn Abī Thābit 3460:Ahmed Zaki Abu Shadi 3420:Mohamed Said Raihani 3305:Mustafa Wahbi al-Tal 3152:Suleyman al-Boustani 2981:'A'isha al-Ba'uniyya 2530:Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur 2455:Marwan ibn Abi Hafsa 2435:Abu Mansur al-Azhari 2330:Abu Firas al-Hamdani 2292:Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a 2282:Dhu Jadan al-Himyari 2262:Qutayla ukht al-Nadr 2135:Zuhayr bin Abi Sulma 2040:Al-Khirniq bint Badr 1901:: Maktabat al-Asadī. 1798:, Ibn Isḥāq (1970). 1682:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868 1658:Khallikān (Ibn) 1843 1598:Khallikān (Ibn) 1871 1550:Khallikān (Ibn) 1843 1490:Khallikān (Ibn) 1871 1442:Khallikān (Ibn) 1843 1298:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868 1202:Khallikān (Ibn) 1843 1154:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868 1091:Khallikān (Ibn) 1843 1031:Khallikān (Ibn) 1843 893:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868 883:, pp. 150, 160. 722:Khallikān (Ibn) 1871 685:, pp. 138, 158. 647:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868 623:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868 401:Ya’qūb Ibn al-Sikkīt 321:Qāsim (al-) ibn Ma‘n 148:‘Āṣim (ibn), Salamah 84:al-Mufaḍḍal al-Ḍabbī 3716:Grammarians of Kufa 3535:Jabra Ibrahim Jabra 3390:Ihsan Abdel Quddous 3122:Ahmad Faris Shidyaq 2505:Abu Nasr al-Jawhari 2380:Baha' al-din Zuhair 2252:Layla al-Akhyaliyya 2120:Samaw'al ibn 'Adiya 2070:Antarah ibn Shaddad 2060:'Amir ibn al-Tufayl 1748:Mac Guckin de Slane 1156:, p. 370, III. 1079:Iṣbahānī (al-) 1868 907:, pp. 67, 154. 895:, p. 612, III. 613:, pp. 127–128. 589:, p. 141, n.2. 465:of Ibn al-Tathriya. 431:Abū ‘Ubayd al-Qāsim 3726:Islamic Golden Age 3345:Abdul Rahman Munif 3315:Fayeq Abdul-Jaleel 3290:Muhammad al-Maghut 3265:Ahlam Mosteghanemi 2991:Hamdallah Mustawfi 2956:Ahmad ibn Arabshah 2575:Abu Ahmad Monajjem 2410:Al-Hariri of Basra 2405:Al-Fath ibn Khaqan 2350:Arib al-Ma'muniyya 2287:Dorayd bin Al Soma 2217:Maysun bint Bahdal 2055:'Alqama ibn 'Abada 1975:Namara inscription 1684:, p. 43, III. 1646:Zubaydī (al-) 1984 1586:Zubaydī (al-) 1984 1574:Zubaydī (al-) 1984 1492:, p. 293, IV. 1358:Zubaydī (al-) 1984 1334:Zubaydī (al-) 1984 1286:Zubaydī (al-) 1984 1262:Zubaydī (al-) 1984 1204:, p. 611, II. 1178:Zubaydī (al-) 1984 1168:, pp. 142–44. 1067:Zubaydī (al-) 1984 1043:Mas‘ūdī (al-) 1877 1033:, p. 237, II. 917:Zubaydī (al-) 1984 854:Zubaydī (al-) 1984 830:Zubaydī (al-) 1984 794:Zubaydī (al-) 1984 782:Zubaydī (al-) 1984 746:Zubaydī (al-) 1984 698:Zubaydī (al-) 1984 649:, p. 23, III. 275:, a Qur’ān reader. 227:first half C. 9th. 3703: 3702: 3699: 3698: 3557: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3510:Ibrahim Nasrallah 3470:Ibrahim al-Mazini 3370:Saadallah Wannous 3167:Rifa'a al-Tahtawi 3157:Butrus al-Bustani 3112:Ibrahim al-Yaziji 3066: 3065: 3062: 3061: 2938:Ibn Abi al-Khisal 2823:ibn Hani al-Azdi 2665:Usama ibn Munqidh 2640:Sharif al-Murtaza 2625:Al-Sharif al-Radi 2585:Al-Sarī al-Raffā’ 2385:Bashshar ibn Burd 2257:Suraqah al-Bariqi 2207:Hassan ibn Thabit 2158: 2157: 2095:Laila bint Lukaiz 2020:Afira bint 'Abbad 1988: 1987: 1951:Arabic literature 1786:, C. Barbier de; 1712:, Gustav (1862). 1622:Suyūṭī (al-) 1909 1526:Suyūṭī (al-) 1909 1406:Suyūṭī (al-) 1909 1115:Suyūṭī (al-) 1909 1093:, p. 473, I. 1007:Suyūṭī (al-) 1909 980:Suyūṭī (al-) 1909 941:Suyūṭī (al-) 1909 806:Suyūṭī (al-) 1964 758:Suyūṭī (al-) 1909 710:Suyūṭī (al-) 1909 339:Abbasid caliphate 3763: 3563: 3562: 3530:Mourid Barghouti 3485:Nazik Al-Malaika 3415:Abdellatif Laabi 3335:Ghassan Kanafani 3260:Sonallah Ibrahim 3245:Nawal El Saadawi 3172:Abdallah Marrash 3162:Ahmad Zaki Pasha 3142:Qustaki al-Himsi 3085: 3084: 3072: 3071: 2813:Lubna of Córdoba 2718:Maria Alphaizuli 2605:Laylā bint Ṭarīf 2360:Ahmad al-Tifashi 2232:Jarir ibn Atiyah 2227:Suraqa bin Malik 2222:Jamil ibn Ma'mar 2177: 2176: 2164: 2163: 2145:Aktham ibn Saifi 2140:Zuhayr ibn Janab 1994: 1993: 1959: 1958: 1944: 1937: 1930: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1902: 1885: 1868: 1844: 1833: 1821: 1807: 1791: 1769: 1760: 1751: 1733: 1719: 1697: 1694:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1691: 1685: 1679: 1673: 1670:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1667: 1661: 1655: 1649: 1643: 1637: 1634:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1631: 1625: 1619: 1613: 1610:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1607: 1601: 1595: 1589: 1583: 1577: 1571: 1565: 1562:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1559: 1553: 1552:, p. 83, I. 1547: 1541: 1538:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1535: 1529: 1523: 1517: 1511: 1505: 1502:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1499: 1493: 1487: 1481: 1475: 1469: 1466:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1463: 1457: 1454:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1451: 1445: 1439: 1433: 1430:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1427: 1421: 1415: 1409: 1403: 1397: 1394:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1391: 1385: 1379: 1373: 1370:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1367: 1361: 1355: 1349: 1343: 1337: 1331: 1325: 1322:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1319: 1313: 1307: 1301: 1295: 1289: 1283: 1277: 1274:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1271: 1265: 1259: 1253: 1250:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1247: 1241: 1235: 1229: 1223: 1217: 1214:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1211: 1205: 1199: 1193: 1187: 1181: 1175: 1169: 1166:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1163: 1157: 1151: 1145: 1142:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1139: 1130: 1124: 1118: 1112: 1106: 1103:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1100: 1094: 1088: 1082: 1076: 1070: 1064: 1058: 1055:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1052: 1046: 1040: 1034: 1028: 1022: 1019:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1016: 1010: 1004: 995: 992:Nadīm (al-) 1970 989: 983: 977: 971: 965: 959: 956:Nadīm (al-) 1970 953: 944: 938: 932: 926: 920: 914: 908: 905:Nadīm (al-) 1970 902: 896: 890: 884: 881:Nadīm (al-) 1970 878: 872: 869:Nadīm (al-) 1970 866: 857: 851: 845: 839: 833: 827: 821: 818:Nadīm (al-) 1970 815: 809: 803: 797: 791: 785: 779: 773: 770:Nadīm (al-) 1970 767: 761: 755: 749: 743: 737: 734:Nadīm (al-) 1970 731: 725: 719: 713: 707: 701: 695: 686: 683:Nadīm (al-) 1970 680: 674: 668: 662: 659:Nadīm (al-) 1970 656: 650: 644: 638: 635:Nadīm (al-) 1970 632: 626: 620: 614: 608: 602: 596: 590: 587:Nadīm (al-) 1970 584: 578: 572: 557: 554: 548: 541: 535: 528: 522: 512: 506: 503: 399:, the father of 280:Mu’ādh al-Harrā’ 110:A’rābī (Ibn al-) 40:School at Baṣrah 3771: 3770: 3766: 3765: 3764: 3762: 3761: 3760: 3736:Arabic language 3721:History of Kufa 3706: 3705: 3704: 3695: 3570: 3549: 3410:Mohammed Bennis 3400:Mohamed Choukri 3340:Ghada al-Samman 3270:Mahmoud Darwish 3231: 3227:Tawfiq al-Hakim 3182:Maryana Marrash 3177:Francis Marrash 3107:Nasif al-Yaziji 3102:Maruf al Rusafi 3079: 3058: 3054:Ahmed Ben Triki 3015: 2942: 2697: 2689: 2650:Yaqut al-Hamawi 2520:Ibn al-Muqaffa' 2500:Yunus ibn Habib 2445:ibn al-Mudabbir 2301: 2267:Waddah al-Yaman 2237:Ka'b bin Zuhayr 2202:Fadl Ashsha'ira 2171: 2154: 2100:Mahd al-Aadiyya 2065:Amr ibn Kulthum 2001: 1984: 1966: 1953: 1948: 1880:. Vol. 6. 1738:Khallikān (Ibn) 1729:Kitāb al-Aghāni 1705: 1700: 1692: 1688: 1680: 1676: 1668: 1664: 1656: 1652: 1644: 1640: 1632: 1628: 1620: 1616: 1608: 1604: 1596: 1592: 1584: 1580: 1572: 1568: 1560: 1556: 1548: 1544: 1536: 1532: 1524: 1520: 1512: 1508: 1500: 1496: 1488: 1484: 1476: 1472: 1464: 1460: 1452: 1448: 1440: 1436: 1428: 1424: 1416: 1412: 1404: 1400: 1392: 1388: 1380: 1376: 1368: 1364: 1356: 1352: 1344: 1340: 1332: 1328: 1320: 1316: 1308: 1304: 1296: 1292: 1284: 1280: 1272: 1268: 1260: 1256: 1248: 1244: 1236: 1232: 1224: 1220: 1212: 1208: 1200: 1196: 1188: 1184: 1176: 1172: 1164: 1160: 1152: 1148: 1140: 1133: 1125: 1121: 1113: 1109: 1101: 1097: 1089: 1085: 1077: 1073: 1065: 1061: 1053: 1049: 1041: 1037: 1029: 1025: 1017: 1013: 1005: 998: 990: 986: 978: 974: 966: 962: 954: 947: 939: 935: 927: 923: 915: 911: 903: 899: 891: 887: 879: 875: 867: 860: 852: 848: 840: 836: 828: 824: 816: 812: 804: 800: 792: 788: 780: 776: 768: 764: 756: 752: 744: 740: 732: 728: 720: 716: 708: 704: 696: 689: 681: 677: 669: 665: 657: 653: 645: 641: 633: 629: 621: 617: 609: 605: 597: 593: 585: 581: 573: 569: 565: 560: 555: 551: 542: 538: 529: 525: 513: 509: 504: 500: 496: 343:Harūn ar-Rashīd 298:al-Mufaḍḍaliyāt 243:Hārūn al-Rashīd 223:, a teacher of 202:Karnabā’ī (al-) 95: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3769: 3759: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3701: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3607: 3606: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3575: 3572: 3571: 3559: 3558: 3555: 3554: 3551: 3550: 3548: 3547: 3542: 3540:Samih al-Qasim 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3520:Omar Abu Risha 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3445:Youssef Rzouga 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3405:Leila Abouzeid 3402: 3397: 3395:Alaa Al Aswany 3392: 3387: 3385:Leila Aboulela 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3365:Colette Khoury 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3300:Abbās al-Aqqād 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3250:Naguib Mahfouz 3247: 3241: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3127:Naoum Mokarzel 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3093: 3091: 3081: 3080: 3068: 3067: 3064: 3063: 3060: 3059: 3057: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3025: 3023: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3013: 3011:Al-Qalqashandi 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2952: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2928:Ibn al-Kattani 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2748:Ibn Abd Rabbih 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2704: 2702: 2691: 2690: 2688: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2675:Ibn al-Shajari 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2495:Rabia of Basra 2492: 2487: 2485:Aban al-Lahiqi 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2365:Abu al-Atahiya 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2325:Ibn al-Mu'tazz 2322: 2317: 2311: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2300: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2212:Ibn Abi Hasina 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2183: 2181: 2173: 2172: 2160: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2153: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2006: 2003: 2002: 1990: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1983: 1982: 1977: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1955: 1954: 1947: 1946: 1939: 1932: 1924: 1918: 1917: 1903: 1886: 1869: 1845: 1834: 1822: 1808: 1792: 1770: 1761: 1752: 1734: 1720: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1698: 1686: 1674: 1662: 1650: 1638: 1626: 1614: 1602: 1590: 1588:, p. 225. 1578: 1566: 1554: 1542: 1540:, p. 153. 1530: 1518: 1506: 1494: 1482: 1470: 1468:, p. 159. 1458: 1446: 1434: 1432:, p. 162. 1422: 1410: 1398: 1386: 1374: 1362: 1360:, p. 153. 1350: 1338: 1326: 1314: 1302: 1290: 1278: 1266: 1254: 1252:, p. 145. 1242: 1230: 1218: 1206: 1194: 1182: 1170: 1158: 1146: 1144:, p. 157. 1131: 1119: 1107: 1095: 1083: 1071: 1059: 1047: 1035: 1023: 1011: 996: 994:, p. 154. 984: 972: 960: 958:, p. 155. 945: 933: 921: 909: 897: 885: 873: 871:, p. 164. 858: 846: 834: 822: 810: 798: 786: 774: 762: 750: 748:, p. 150. 738: 726: 714: 702: 700:, p. 224. 687: 675: 663: 651: 639: 627: 615: 611:Nicholson 1907 603: 601:, p. 133. 599:Nicholson 1907 591: 579: 577:, p. 189. 575:Nicholson 1907 566: 564: 561: 559: 558: 549: 536: 523: 507: 497: 495: 492: 491: 490: 482: 474: 466: 446: 434: 420: 412: 394: 390:Shaybānī (al-) 386: 380: 370: 358:Sarkhasī (al-) 354: 346: 330: 318: 308: 305:Naṣr ibn Yūsuf 302: 288: 287:, and a poet. 276: 266: 258: 246: 228: 216: 212:Khaṭṭabī (al-) 198: 186: 183:Ḥazunbal (al-) 180: 172: 156: 144: 132: 129:Ibn Durustūyah 114: 106: 94: 88: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3768: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3605: 3602: 3601: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3573: 3569: 3564: 3560: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3525:Yusuf al-Khal 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3515:Elia Abu Madi 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3425:Waciny Laredj 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3375:Zakaria Tamer 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3325:Ibrahim Tuqan 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3295:Nizar Qabbani 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3234: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3202:Kahlil Gibran 3200: 3198: 3197:Mikhail Naimy 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3187:Hafez Ibrahim 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3049:Ibn al-Wannan 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2961:Ibn Al Ouardy 2959: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2945: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2918:Ibn al-Yayyab 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2788:Ibn al-Khatib 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2758:Ibn al-Zaqqaq 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2713:Al-Rumaikiyya 2711: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2696: 2692: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2655:Al Suhrawardi 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2550:Ibn al-Anbari 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2315:Bint al-Mahdī 2313: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2182: 2180:Early Islamic 2178: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2161: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2115:Imru' al-Qais 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2007: 2004: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1945: 1940: 1938: 1933: 1931: 1926: 1925: 1922: 1914: 1913: 1908: 1907:Zubaydī (al-) 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1859:(in Arabic). 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1841: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1818: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1780: 1775: 1774:Mas‘ūdī (al-) 1771: 1767: 1762: 1758: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1744: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1730: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1706: 1695: 1690: 1683: 1678: 1671: 1666: 1659: 1654: 1647: 1642: 1635: 1630: 1623: 1618: 1611: 1606: 1599: 1594: 1587: 1582: 1575: 1570: 1563: 1558: 1551: 1546: 1539: 1534: 1527: 1522: 1515: 1510: 1503: 1498: 1491: 1486: 1479: 1474: 1467: 1462: 1455: 1450: 1443: 1438: 1431: 1426: 1419: 1414: 1407: 1402: 1395: 1390: 1383: 1378: 1371: 1366: 1359: 1354: 1347: 1342: 1335: 1330: 1323: 1318: 1311: 1306: 1299: 1294: 1287: 1282: 1275: 1270: 1263: 1258: 1251: 1246: 1239: 1234: 1227: 1222: 1215: 1210: 1203: 1198: 1191: 1186: 1179: 1174: 1167: 1162: 1155: 1150: 1143: 1138: 1136: 1128: 1123: 1116: 1111: 1104: 1099: 1092: 1087: 1080: 1075: 1068: 1063: 1056: 1051: 1044: 1039: 1032: 1027: 1020: 1015: 1008: 1003: 1001: 993: 988: 981: 976: 969: 964: 957: 952: 950: 942: 937: 930: 925: 918: 913: 906: 901: 894: 889: 882: 877: 870: 865: 863: 855: 850: 843: 838: 831: 826: 819: 814: 807: 802: 795: 790: 783: 778: 771: 766: 759: 754: 747: 742: 735: 730: 723: 718: 711: 706: 699: 694: 692: 684: 679: 672: 667: 660: 655: 648: 643: 636: 631: 624: 619: 612: 607: 600: 595: 588: 583: 576: 571: 567: 553: 546: 540: 533: 527: 521: 517: 511: 502: 498: 488: 487: 483: 480: 479: 475: 472: 471: 467: 464: 460: 456: 452: 451: 447: 444: 440: 439: 435: 432: 428: 424: 421: 418: 417: 413: 410: 409:Al-Mutawakkil 406: 402: 398: 395: 392: 391: 387: 384: 381: 378: 374: 371: 368: 364: 360: 359: 355: 352: 351: 347: 344: 340: 336: 335: 331: 328: 327: 322: 319: 316: 312: 309: 306: 303: 300: 299: 294: 293: 289: 286: 282: 281: 277: 274: 270: 267: 264: 263: 259: 256: 255:tribe of Asad 252: 251: 250:Kunāsah (Ibn) 247: 244: 241: 238: 234: 233: 229: 226: 225:Ibn al-Sikkīt 222: 221: 217: 214: 213: 208: 204: 203: 199: 196: 192: 191: 187: 184: 181: 178: 177: 173: 170: 166: 162: 161: 157: 154: 150: 149: 145: 143:(r. 847-861). 142: 141:Al-Mutawakkil 138: 137: 136:‘Aṣīdah (Abū) 133: 130: 126: 125: 120: 119: 115: 112: 111: 107: 104: 100: 97: 96: 93: 87: 85: 81: 80: 75: 74: 69: 65: 64: 59: 58: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 29: 25: 21: 3661:Saudi Arabia 3604:Copto-Arabic 3505:Saadi Yousef 3480:Safa Khulusi 3465:Hasan Tawfiq 3435:Alifa Rifaat 3430:Tahar Djaout 3330:Emile Habibi 3320:Sinan Antoon 3237:Contemporary 3222:Taha Hussein 3212:Jurji Zaydan 3192:Ahmed Shawqi 3137:Ameen Rihani 2986:Ibn al-Wardi 2873:al-Shushtari 2848:Umm Al-Kiram 2753:Ibn al-Abbar 2733:Al-Rukuniyya 2680:Ibn al-Nafis 2610:Al-Tha'alibi 2560:Ibn Qutaybah 2460:Al-Mutanabbi 2440:ibn al-Mahdi 2415:Ibn al-Farid 2370:ibn al-'Amid 2320:Ibn al-Ahnaf 2085:Hatim al-Tai 2015:Adi ibn Zayd 1911: 1894: 1893:, F. (ed.). 1884:: Brockhaus. 1877: 1876:, F. (ed.). 1860: 1856: 1839: 1829: 1826:Suyūṭī (al-) 1816: 1803: 1778: 1765: 1756: 1742: 1728: 1714: 1689: 1677: 1665: 1653: 1641: 1629: 1617: 1605: 1593: 1581: 1569: 1557: 1545: 1533: 1521: 1509: 1497: 1485: 1473: 1461: 1449: 1437: 1425: 1413: 1401: 1389: 1377: 1365: 1353: 1341: 1329: 1317: 1305: 1293: 1281: 1269: 1257: 1245: 1233: 1221: 1209: 1197: 1185: 1173: 1161: 1149: 1122: 1110: 1098: 1086: 1074: 1062: 1050: 1038: 1026: 1014: 987: 975: 963: 936: 924: 912: 900: 888: 876: 849: 837: 825: 813: 801: 789: 777: 765: 753: 741: 729: 717: 705: 678: 666: 654: 642: 630: 618: 606: 594: 582: 570: 552: 539: 526: 510: 501: 484: 476: 468: 457:, native of 448: 443:traditionist 436: 426: 422: 414: 397:Sikkīt (al-) 396: 388: 382: 372: 356: 350:Sa‘dān (Ibn) 348: 334:Ru’āsī (al-) 332: 324: 320: 310: 304: 296: 290: 278: 268: 262:Mardān (Ibn) 260: 248: 232:Kisā’ī (al-) 230: 218: 210: 200: 188: 182: 174: 160:Farrā’ (al-) 158: 146: 134: 122: 118:‘Arūḍī (al-) 116: 108: 98: 79:Mufaḍḍaliyāt 77: 71: 67: 61: 55: 18: 3545:Fadwa Tuqan 3490:Ahmed Matar 3475:al-Jawahiri 3455:Amal Donqol 3450:Salah Jahin 3380:Tayeb Salih 3255:Yusuf Idris 3207:Farah Antun 3147:al-Kawakibi 3044:Hanna Diyab 3021:Ottoman era 3006:Ibn Khaldun 2976:Ibn Battuta 2888:Ibn al-Arif 2783:Ibn Khafaja 2565:Dik al-Jinn 2555:Al-Qasabani 2525:Al-Mubarrad 2510:Al-Farahidi 2480:Al-Armanazi 2420:Ibn al-Rumi 2400:Al-Isfahani 2375:Al-Hamadani 2340:Al-Mudabbir 2307:Abbasid era 2297:al-Mufaddal 2192:Al-Farazdaq 2150:Al-Munakhal 2045:Al-Shanfara 2030:Al-Hujayjah 1999:Pre-Islamic 1853:Margoliouth 1796:Nadīm (al-) 1238:Flügel 1862 518:edition of 486:Zāhid (al-) 470:Ṭuwāl (al-) 311:Qādim (Ibn) 3710:Categories 3636:Mauritania 3440:Ali Douagi 3360:Hanna Mina 3350:Al Gosaibi 3217:May Ziadeh 3132:Ahmad Rida 3097:El Baroudy 3029:Al-Nabulsi 3001:al-Nafzawi 2996:Ibn Nubata 2971:Ibn Manzur 2948:Mamluk era 2933:Ibn Tufayl 2923:Ibn Jubayr 2893:Ibn Wahbun 2878:Abu Madyan 2808:Ibn Zaydún 2803:Ibn Zamrak 2793:Ibn Quzman 2778:Ibn Juzayy 2773:Ibn Bassam 2743:Ibn Hamdis 2708:Abu Ja'far 2695:Al-Andalus 2685:Ibn 'Adlan 2630:Ibn Hayyus 2620:al-Tawhīdī 2615:Al-Daylami 2600:Al-Tughrai 2580:Ibn Bakkar 2515:Al-Shafi'i 2450:Al-Ma'arri 2425:Ibn Duraid 2335:Abu Tammam 2110:Al-Nabigha 1891:Wüstenfeld 1874:Wüstenfeld 1863:. Leiden: 1788:Courteille 1514:Yāqūt 1927 1478:Yāqūt 1927 1418:Yāqūt 1927 1382:Yāqūt 1970 1346:Yāqūt 1927 1310:Yāqūt 1927 1226:Yāqūt 1927 1190:Yāqūt 1927 1127:Yāqūt 1927 968:Yāqūt 1927 929:Yāqūt 1970 842:Yāqūt 1927 671:Yāqūt 1927 563:References 520:al-Fihrist 450:Ṭūsī (al-) 377:al-Mu‘tazz 345:(786-809). 315:Al-Mu'tazz 76:, and the 73:Mu’allaqāt 3756:Linguists 3651:Palestine 3500:al-Sayyab 3495:Al-Bayati 2966:Al-Busiri 2913:al-Fazazi 2898:Ibn Abdun 2868:Ibn Arabi 2858:Yusuf III 2853:Yusuf III 2843:Al-Tutili 2763:Ibn Amira 2728:Buthaina 2723:Ibn Ammar 2660:Al-Hallaj 2595:Niftawayh 2540:Al-Zahiri 2465:Abu Nuwas 2430:al-Zajjaj 2395:Al-Busiri 2355:Al-Asma'i 2247:Kuthayyir 2242:Al-Khansa 2169:Classical 2035:Al-Ḥurqah 1812:Nicholson 1800:Dodge, B. 545:Dodge, B. 455:Banu Taym 405:al-Farrā’ 52:humanists 36:Al-Ru'asi 32:Al-Basrah 28:Euphrates 3594:Djibouti 3310:Said Akl 2903:Avempace 2883:al-Rundi 2863:Ibn Hazm 2798:Ibn Sahl 2768:Ibn Baqi 2645:Al Uyuni 2475:Shāriyah 2470:Al-Jahiz 2105:Mu'aqqir 2075:Al-A'sha 1726:(1868). 367:Khurāsān 207:al-Ahwaz 20:Al-Kūfah 3681:Tunisia 3666:Somalia 3641:Morocco 3626:Lebanon 3589:Comoros 3584:Bahrain 3579:Algeria 3355:Echebbi 2908:al-Baji 2838:Qasmuna 2700:Maghreb 2590:Al-Suli 2390:Buhturi 1899:Teheran 1882:Leipzig 1802:(ed.). 1784:Meynard 1703:Sources 438:Tha‘lab 373:Ṣa’ūdā’ 363:Sarkhas 237:Abbāsid 68:Dawāwan 66:” (pl. 3686:U.A.E. 3621:Kuwait 3616:Jordan 3275:Adunis 3077:Modern 3034:Fuzûlî 2833:Nazhun 2125:Tarafa 1710:Flügel 532:Beatty 516:Flügel 273:Makkah 240:caliph 165:Daylam 48:Ḥadīth 44:Qu’rān 3691:Yemen 3676:Syria 3671:Sudan 3656:Qatar 3631:Libya 3599:Egypt 3089:Nahda 2828:Muhya 2570:‘Inān 2090:Labīd 1865:Brill 1849:Yāqūt 494:Notes 463:diwan 285:Harāt 195:qāri’ 63:Dīwān 50:, by 24:Ḥīrah 3646:Oman 3611:Iraq 2698:and 530:The 425:and 326:Qāḍī 169:Iran 124:arud 57:rāwī 46:and 1964:Old 459:Ṭūs 341:of 167:, ( 82:by 3712:: 1861:VI 1134:^ 999:^ 948:^ 861:^ 690:^ 365:, 86:. 1943:e 1936:t 1929:v 1867:. 433:. 155:.

Index

Al-Kūfah
Ḥīrah
Euphrates
Al-Basrah
Al-Ru'asi
School at Baṣrah
Qu’rān
Ḥadīth
humanists
rāwī
Dīwān
Mu’allaqāt
Mufaḍḍaliyāt
al-Mufaḍḍal al-Ḍabbī
al-Fihrist of Isḥāq al-Nadīm
Abū Bakr Ibn al-Anbārī
A’rābī (Ibn al-)
‘Arūḍī (al-)
arud
Ibn Durustūyah
‘Aṣīdah (Abū)
Al-Mutawakkil
‘Āṣim (ibn), Salamah
al-Mufaḍḍal ibn Salamah
Farrā’ (al-)
Daylam
Iran
Ḥā’ik (al-), Hārūn ibn
Hishām ibn Mu‘āwīyah al-Ḍarīr
qāri’

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