4796:- Direkt Metal Mastering). Das ersparte zwei Zwischenkopien im Produktionsablauf, was nicht nur schneller ging, sondern auch zu einer erheblich besseren Qualität führte. Zur weiteren Steigerung der Klangqualität wurde das UC-Kompandersystem (UC - Universal Compatible) eingesetzt. Damit wurden beim Schneiden der Platte die leisen Töne etwas lauter und die lauten entsprechend leiser überspielt. Wendet man bei der Wiedergabe das umgekehrte Verfahren an, werden mit den leisen Tönen auch die Störungen abgeschwächt und die lauten Stellen verzerren nicht und nutzen sich weniger ab. All das geschah so vorsichtig, dass man die Platte auch ohne Expander bei der Wiedergabe noch genussvoll anhören konnte. Zum Glück, denn es hätte sowieso nur einen Plattenspieler gegeben, der über eine entsprechende Schaltung verfügte und der war sehr teuer. Vermutlich aus diesem Grund hat man auf eine weithin sichtbare Kennzeichnung der mit diesem Verfahren aufgenommenen Platten verzichtet. Nur in der Gravur zwischen den Auslaufrillen kann man am angehängten U den Einsatz des Kompressors erkennen Das vorliegende Programm erfüllt die Aufgabe eines UC-Expanders, mit dem Sie eine im
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Durch einen sich kontinuierlich wandelnden
Kompressionsgrad von 5:3 (0 dB) bis 1:1 (−20 dB) erzielt man eine effektive StörunterdrĂĽckung von 10 dB. Die Expansion erfolgt spiegelverkehrt. Auch ohne den Einsatz eines entsprechenden UC-Expanders bleiben durch das"flieĂźende"Verfahren die Ein- und Ausklingvorgänge in ihrer Homogenität und auch die Raumabbildung der Tonaufzeichnung weitestgehend erhalten. Die gewinnbringende Nutzung des UC-Kompanderverfahrens stellt den Anwender vor ein kaum lösbares Problem, da die ökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen und die zentrale Planung der Geräteentwicklung in der DDR die Herstellung eines Serienproduktes untergruben. Letztlich existieren nur einige Labormuster in den Händen der an dem Verfahren beteiligten Entwickler. Ein Versuch nach 1990, mit dem Verfahren erneut FuĂź zu fassen, scheiterte an der international bereits von der Industrie vollzogenen, umfassenden Digitalisierung der Heimwiedergabe. Vom VEB Deutsche Schallplatten wurden in den Jahren 1983 bis 1990 weit mehr als 500 verschiedene UC-codierte Schallplatten der Marken
2344:, the compact disc has a frequency response of 20 Hz up to 22,050 Hz, and most CD players measure flat within a fraction of a decibel from at least 0 Hz to 20 kHz at full output. Due to the distance required between grooves, it is not possible for an LP to reproduce as low frequencies as a CD. Additionally, turntable rumble and acoustic feedback obscures the low-end limit of vinyl but the upper end can be, with some cartridges, reasonably flat within a few decibels to 30 kHz, with gentle roll-off. Carrier signals of Quad LPs popular in the 1970s were at 30 kHz to be out of the range of human hearing. The average human auditory system is sensitive to frequencies from 20 Hz to a maximum of around 20,000 Hz. The upper and lower frequency limits of human hearing vary per person. High frequency sensitivity decreases as a person ages, a process called
2001: rpm, small-spindle-hole singles. This format was soon dropped as it became clear that the RCA Victor 45 was the single of choice and the Columbia 12-inch LP would be the album of choice. The first release of the 45 came in seven colors: black 47-xxxx popular series, yellow 47-xxxx juvenile series, green (teal) 48-xxxx country series, deep red 49-xxxx classical series, bright red (cerise) 50-xxxx blues/spiritual series, light blue 51-xxxx international series, dark blue 52-xxxx light classics. Most colors were soon dropped in favor of black because of production problems. However, yellow and deep red were continued until about 1952. The first 45 rpm record created for sale was "PeeWee the Piccolo" RCA Victor 47-0147 pressed in yellow translucent vinyl at the Sherman Avenue plant, Indianapolis on 7 December 1948, by R. O. Price, plant manager.
2453:
the distributors began charging retailers more for new products if they returned unsold vinyl, and then they stopped providing any credit at all for returns. Retailers, fearing they would be stuck with anything they ordered, only ordered proven, popular titles that they knew would sell, and devoted more shelf space to CDs and cassettes. Record companies also removed many vinyl titles from production and distribution, further undermining the availability of the format and leading to the closure of pressing plants. This rapid decline in the availability of records accelerated the format's decline in popularity, and is seen by some as a deliberate ploy to make consumers switch to CDs, which unlike today, were more profitable for the record companies.
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4538:. This common fault of noise-reduction systems has been eliminated in High-Com II. Listen also to High-Com II's remarkable ability to accurately preserve musical transients. They are neither muted nor exaggerated nor edgy as with other companders. This accuracy of reproduction—on all types of music, at all frequencies, and at all levels—is what distinguishes High-Com II from other noise-reduction systems. Unlike simple companders, High-Com II is optimized differently for signals of different strength and different frequencies. Low-level signals are processed for maximum noise reduction, high-level ones for minimum distortion. This sophisticated technique assumes maximum
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2274:). One technical advantage with vinyl compared to the optical CD is that if correctly handled and stored, the vinyl record can be playable for decades and possibly centuries, which is longer than some versions of the optical CD. For vinyl records to be playable for years to come, they need to be handled with care and stored properly. Guidelines for proper vinyl storage include not stacking records on top of each other, avoiding heat or direct sunlight and placing them in a temperature-controlled area that help prevent vinyl records from warping and scratching. Collectors store their records in a variety of boxes, cubes, shelves and racks.
1920:
6122:"Allt fler köper vinylskivor. Trenden med att köpa vinylskivor fortsätter. Sedan 2006 har försäljningen globalt ökat från drygt 3,1 miljoner sålda exemplar jämfört med 31,5 miljoner sålda exemplar 2015. Trots att allt fler vinylskivor säljs är det dock bara en väldigt liten del av skivförsäljningen. I Sverige såldes det förra året 384.000 vinylskivor jämfört med 3.342.000 cd-skivor. De artister som säljer mest är oftast äldre artister och skivor. Mest såld i år är David Bowies sista skiva Black-star. Andra populära artister är Beatles, Led Zeppelin och Adele."
1406: rpm); with changer, a tall spindle that would hold several records and automatically drop a new record on top of the previous one when it had finished playing, a combination cartridge with both 78 and microgroove styli and a way to flip between the two; and some kind of adapter for playing the 45s with their larger center hole. The adapter could be a small solid circle that fit onto the bottom of the spindle (meaning only one 45 could be played at a time) or a larger adapter that fit over the entire spindle, permitting a stack of 45s to be played.
6124:– or in English – "More and more buy vinyl records. The trend to buy vinyl records continues. Since 2006 has the global sales increased from approximately 3.1 million sold records to 31.5 million in 2015. Despite this, is it still a small part of the total record sale. In Sweden was 384.000 vinyl records sold last year (=2015) compared to 3.342.000 CD records. The artists who sell most ar usually older artists and records.(comment - bad Swedish in original text is reflected and translated) Most sold in this year (=2016) was David Bowie's last record,
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1332:(EP), which achieved up to 10–15 minutes play at the expense of attenuating (and possibly compressing) the sound to reduce the width required by the groove. EP discs were cheaper to produce and were used in cases where unit sales were likely to be more limited or to reissue LP albums on the smaller format for those people who had only 45 rpm players. LP albums could be purchased one EP at a time, with four items per EP, or in a boxed set with three EPs or twelve items. The large center hole on 45s allows easier handling by
721:... the time has come for serious musical criticism to take account of performances of great music reproduced by means of the records. To claim that the records have succeeded in exact and complete reproduction of all details of symphonic or operatic performances ... would be extravagant ... the article of today is so far in advance of the old machines as hardly to admit classification under the same name. Electrical recording and reproduction have combined to retain vitality and color in recitals by proxy.
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766:: ', that is a band. This is the first time I have ever heard music with any soul to it produced by a mechanical talking machine' ... The new instrument is a feat of mathematics and physics. It is not the result of innumerable experiments, but was worked out on paper in advance of being built in the laboratory ... The new machine has a range of from 100 to 5,000 , or five and a half octaves ... The 'phonograph tone' is eliminated by the new recording and reproducing process.
1482:, it can be demonstrated that out of the new horizontal and vertical directions, one would represent the sum of the two channels, and the other representing the difference. Record makers decide to pick the directions such that the traditional horizontal direction codes for the sum. As a result, an ordinary mono disk is decoded correctly as "no difference between channels", and an ordinary mono player would simply play the sum of a stereophonic record without too much loss of information.
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1545:(RFT). The system deliberately reduced disk noise by 10 to 12 dB(A) only to remain virtually free of recognizable acoustical artifacts even when records were played back without an UC expander. In fact, the system was undocumented yet introduced into the market by several East-German record labels since 1983. Over 500 UC-encoded titles were produced without an expander becoming available to the public. The only UC expander was built into a turntable manufactured by
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the digital recording is an idealized representation of a physical soundwave, while an analog recording captures the physical vibrations across their full frequency. Because most modern vinyl records are made from playbacks of files recorded digitally, there is no out-of-bounds audio to transfer to the disc. Vinyl's drawbacks, however, include surface noise, less resolution due to a lower dynamic range, and greater sensitivity to handling. Modern
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1042:. The records were made of vinyl, however, and some of the earlier vintage 78-rpm jukeboxes and record players (the ones that were pre-war) were designed with heavy tone arms to play the hard slate-impregnated shellac records of their time. These vinyl Rhino 78s were softer and would be destroyed by old juke boxes and old record players, but play well on newer 78-capable turntables with modern lightweight tone arms and jewel needles.
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disc with 30–40 dB of stereo separation at 1,000 Hz, but the playback cartridges had lesser performance of about 20 to 30 dB of separation at 1000 Hz, with separation decreasing as frequency increased, such that at 12 kHz the separation was about 10–15 dB. A common modern view is that stereo isolation must be higher than this to achieve a proper stereo soundstage. However, in the 1950s the
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2311: rpm microgroove LP lead to a tinny pre-echo warning of upcoming loud sounds. The cutting stylus unavoidably transfers some of the subsequent groove wall's impulse signal into the previous groove wall. It is discernible by some listeners throughout certain recordings, but a quiet passage followed by a loud sound allows anyone to hear a faint pre-echo of the loud sound occurring 1.8 seconds ahead of time.
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4800:-format digitalisierte Schallplattenaufnahme bearbeiten können, um nun endlich den Klang genießen zu können, den Sie damals erworben haben. Bis dahin gibt es aber noch eine Schwierigkeit. Zur richtigen Einstellung des Programmes benötigen Sie eine Schallplatte, auf der ein Bezugspegelton aufgezeichnet ist, wie das bei den, dem Plattenspieler beiliegenen, Testplatten der Fall war.
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handled 78s. Also like 78s, the short playing time of a single 45 rpm side meant that long works, such as symphonies and operas, had to be released on multiple 45s instead of a single LP, but RCA Victor claimed that the new high-speed changer rendered side breaks so brief as to be inconsequential. Early 45 rpm records were made from either vinyl or
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comfortable. Nonetheless, in order to ensure the longevity and optimal performance of your vinyl records, there are a few accessories and cleaning supplies that are widely used. Slipmats provide a soft and cushioned surface between the record and the turntable platter, minimizing friction and preventing potential scratches or damage to the vinyl surface
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revolutions per minute, although that speed only became standardized in the late 1920s. In the late 1940s new formats pressed in vinyl, the 45 rpm single and 33 rpm long playing "LP", were introduced, gradually overtaking the formerly standard "78s" over the next decade. The late 1950s saw the introduction of stereophonic sound on commercial discs.
2040:, a four-time Grammy winner. The demonstration offered the first simulations of what HD Vinyl records are likely to sound like, ahead of actual HD vinyl physical record production. Loibl discussed the software "Perfect Groove" at a presentation titled "Vinyl 4.0 The next generation of making records" before offering demonstrations to attendees.
463:, eventually improved the mechanism of the gramophone with a spring motor and a speed regulating governor, resulting in a sound quality equal to Edison's cylinders. Abandoning Berliner's "Gramophone" trademark for legal reasons in the United States, Johnson's and Berliner's separate companies reorganized in 1901 to form the
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After 1949 a variety of improvements in recording and playback technologies, especially stereo recordings, which became widely available in 1958, gave a boost to the "hi-fi" classification of products, leading to sales of individual components for the home such as amplifiers, loudspeakers, phonographs, and tape players.
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for two minutes, the same as cylinder records. The 12-inch disc, introduced by Victor in 1903, increased the playing time to three and a half minutes. Because the standard 10-inch 78 rpm record could hold about three minutes of sound per side, most popular recordings were limited to that duration. For example, when
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609:, which vibrated the cutting stylus. Sensitivity and frequency range were poor, and frequency response was irregular, giving acoustic recordings an instantly recognizable tonal quality. A singer almost had to put their face in the recording horn. A way of reducing resonance was to wrap the recording horn with tape.
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veröffentlicht. Alle entsprechend aufgezeichneten
Schallplatten tragen im Spiegel der Auslaufrille zusätzlich zur Matrizengravur ein U. Auf eine äußere, gut sichtbare Kennzeichnung wurde, im Sinne der hervorragenden Kompatibilität des Verfahrens bei einer konventionellen Wiedergabe und in Ermangelung
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began in the late 2000s, mainly among rock fans. The
Entertainment Retailers Association in the United Kingdom found in 2011 that consumers were willing to pay on average £16.30 (€19.37, US$ 25.81) for a single vinyl record, as opposed to £7.82 (€9.30, US$ 12.38) for a CD and £6.80 (€8.09, US$ 10.76)
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Where old disc recordings are considered to be of artistic or historic interest, from before the era of tape or where no tape master exists, archivists play back the disc on suitable equipment and record the result, typically onto a digital format, which can be copied and manipulated to remove analog
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since the digital disc was introduced. In large part, the claim for vinyl superiority is due to the necessity for digital recordings to presume upper and lower bounds, sampling the tones and soundwaves within those limits and using the resulting information to store and recall the audio. Effectively,
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surpassed the gramophone record in unit sales. Vinyl records experienced a sudden decline in popularity between 1988 and 1991, when the major label distributors restricted their return policies, which retailers had been relying on to maintain and swap out stocks of relatively unpopular titles. First
2027:
4.8 million in funding to develop high definition vinyl records that purport to contain longer play times, louder volumes and higher fidelity than conventional vinyl LPs. Rebeat
Innovation, headed by CEO GĂĽnter Loibl, has called the format 'HD Vinyl'. The HD process works by converting audio to
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phonograph provides two channels of audio, one left and one right. This is achieved by adding another vertical dimension of movement to the needle in addition to the horizontal one. As a result, the needle now moves not only left and right, but also up and down. But since those two dimensions do not
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of the 1930s, and the entire record industry in
America nearly foundered. In 1932, RCA Victor introduced a basic, inexpensive turntable called the Duo Jr., which was designed to be connected to their radio receivers. According to Edward Wallerstein (the general manager of the RCA Victor Division),
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entwickelter, breitbandiger
Kompander zur Codierung von Schallplatten. Das UC-Kompandersystem (universal compatible) nutzt die Möglichkeit durch den Einsatz sogenannter Logarithmierer, den Verstärkungsvorgang fließend zu gestalten und ein abruptes Umschalten bei niedrigen Signalpegeln zu vermeiden.
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A further limitation of the gramophone record is that fidelity steadily declines as playback progresses; there is more vinyl per second available for fine reproduction of high frequencies at the large-diameter beginning of the groove than exist at the smaller diameters close to the end of the side.
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The playing time of a phonograph record is directly proportional to the available groove length divided by the turntable speed. Total groove length in turn depends on how closely the grooves are spaced, in addition to the record diameter. At the beginning of the 20th century, the early discs played
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uses a specially built horn record player to transfer 78s. Anyone can do this using a standard record player with a suitable pickup, a phono-preamp (pre-amplifier) and a typical personal computer. However, for accurate transfer, professional archivists carefully choose the correct stylus shape and
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The stereo image was not made up of fully discrete left and right channels; each channel's signal coming out of the cartridge contained a small amount of the signal from the other channel, with more crosstalk at higher frequencies. High-quality disc cutting equipment was capable of making a master
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The commercial rivalry between RCA Victor and
Columbia Records led to RCA Victor's introduction of what it had intended to be a competing vinyl format, the 7-inch (175 mm) 45 rpm disc, with a much larger center hole. For a two-year period from 1948 to 1950, record companies and consumers
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Increasingly from the early 20th century, and almost exclusively since the 1920s, both sides of the record have been used to carry the grooves. Occasional records have been issued since then with a recording on only one side. In the 1980s
Columbia records briefly issued a series of less expensive
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Sizes of records in the United States and the UK are generally measured in inches, e.g. 7-inch records, which are generally 45 rpm records. LPs were 10-inch records at first, but soon the 12-inch size became by far the most common. Generally, 78s were 10-inch, but 12-inch and 7-inch and even
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The term "high fidelity" was coined in the 1920s by some manufacturers of radio receivers and phonographs to differentiate their better-sounding products claimed as providing "perfect" sound reproduction. The term began to be used by some audio engineers and consumers through the 1930s and 1940s.
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Unwilling to accept and license
Columbia's system, in February 1949, RCA Victor released the first 45 rpm single, 7 inches in diameter with a large center hole. The 45 rpm player included a changing mechanism that allowed multiple disks to be stacked, much as a conventional changer
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The speed regulator was furnished with an indicator that showed the speed when the machine was running so that the records, on reproduction, could be revolved at exactly the same speed...The literature does not disclose why 78 rpm was chosen for the phonograph industry, apparently this just
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explained: "Gabler realized that a jam session needs room for development." The first two 12-inch recordings did not take advantage of their capability: "Carnegie Drag" was 3m 15s; "Carnegie Jump", 2m 41s. But at the second session, on 30 April, the two 12-inch recordings were longer:
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in the UK), and then using the amplified signal to drive an electromechanical recording head. Western
Electric's innovations resulted in a broader and smoother frequency response, which produced a dramatically fuller, clearer and more natural-sounding recording. Soft or distant sounds that were
392:
Manufacture of disc records began in the late 19th century, at first competing with earlier cylinder records. Price, ease of use and storage made the disc record dominant by the 1910s. The standard format of disc records became known to later generations as "78s" after their playback speed in
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As the playing of gramophone records causes gradual degradation of the recording, they are best preserved by transferring them onto other media and playing the records as rarely as possible. They need to be stored on edge, and do best under environmental conditions that most humans would find
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introduced vinyl Deccalite 78s, while other record companies used various vinyl formulations trademarked as Metrolite, Merco Plastic, and Sav-o-flex, but these were mainly used to produce "unbreakable" children's records and special thin vinyl DJ pressings for shipment to radio stations.
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In May 2019, at the Making Vinyl conference in Berlin, Loibl unveiled the software "Perfect Groove" for creating 3D topographic audio data files. The software provides a map for laser-engraving for HD Vinyl stampers. The audio engineering software was created with mastering engineers
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166:
4683:(4 pages) (NB. Includes a detailed description of the UC system characteristics and a reference schematic developed by Milde, similar to the circuitry used in the Ziphona HMK-PA2223. According to the author he later also developed an improved version utilizing more modern ICs.)
1264:). In 1949 Capitol and Decca adopted the new LP format and RCA Victor gave in and issued its first LP in January 1950. The 45 rpm size was gaining in popularity, too, and Columbia issued its first 45s in February 1951. By 1954, 200 million 45s had been sold.
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Even drums, if planned and placed properly, could be effectively recorded and heard on even the earliest jazz and military band recordings. The loudest instruments such as the drums and trumpets were positioned the farthest away from the collecting horn.
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3361:, "On March 21st, 1925, Alfred Cortot made for the Victor Talking Machine Co., in Camden, New Jersey, the first classical recording to employ a new technique, thanks to which the gramophone was to play an important part in musical life: electric ..."
2227:
One problem with shellac was that the size of the disks tended to be larger because it was limited to 80–100 groove walls per inch before the risk of groove collapse became too high, whereas vinyl could have up to 260 groove walls per inch.
4534:. The loud passages emerge with unprecedented clarity since they need not be recorded at so high and distortion-producing a level. Between programs, there is utter silence. We also suggest you listen closely for sounds of "breathing" and
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5358:(2010), p. 558: "The phrase 'sounding like a broken record' has been used to describe a person who says the same thing over and over again; the reference is to old records that would skip and repeat owing to scratch marks on the vinyl."
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1204:, but other turntables required snap-in inserts like this one to adapt Victor's larger 45 rpm spindle size to the smaller spindle size available on nearly all turntables. Shown is one popular design in use for many years.
215:, had gained a larger market share, and the record left the mainstream in 1991. Since the 1990s, records continue to be manufactured and sold on a smaller scale, and during the 1990s and early 2000s were commonly used by
411:
was invented by 1857 by Frenchman Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville. It could not, however, play back recorded sound, as Scott intended for people to read back the tracings, which he called phonautograms. Prior to this,
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two-channel records were issued first by Audio Fidelity followed by a translucent blue vinyl on Bel Canto Records, the first of which was a multi-colored-vinyl sampler featuring A Stereo Tour of Los Angeles narrated by
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mechanisms. EPs were generally discontinued by the late 1950s in the U.S. as three- and four-speed record players replaced the individual 45 players. One indication of the decline of the 45 rpm EP is that the last
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A 10-inch blank for making an individually cut one-off recording made from Decelith, a proprietary PVC-based material produced by a German Company ECW that was used to make commercial flexible blanks prior to World War
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From the mid-1950s through the 1960s, in the U.S. the common home record player or "stereo" (after the introduction of stereo recording) would typically have had these features: a three- or four-speed player (78, 45,
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At the start of a groove on an LP there are 510 mm of vinyl per second traveling past the stylus while the ending of the groove gives 200–210 mm of vinyl per second—less than half the linear resolution.
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format. This does no further damage to the disc and generally produces a better sound than normal playback. This technique also has the potential to allow for reconstruction of broken or otherwise damaged discs.
2493:. The resurgence accelerated throughout the 2010s, and in 2015 reached $ 416 million revenue in the US, their highest level since 1988. As of 2017, it comprised 14% of all physical album sales. According to the
518:, as being part of a wave of improvement introduced rapidly after 1897. A picture of a hand-cranked 1898 Berliner Gramophone shows a governor and says that spring drives had replaced hand drives. It notes that:
2086:, as a cost-cutting move, much of the industry began reducing the thickness and quality of vinyl used in mass-market manufacturing. Sound quality suffered, with increased ticks, pops, and other surface noises.
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a digital 3D topography map that is then inscribed onto the vinyl stamper via lasers, resulting in less loss of information. Many critics have expressed skepticism regarding the cost and quality of HD records.
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In the 78 era, classical-music and spoken-word items generally were released on the longer 12-inch 78s, about 4–5 minutes per side. For example, on 10 June 1924, four months after the 12 February premier of
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As an alternative to playback with a stylus, a recording can be read optically, processed with software that calculates the velocity that the stylus would be moving in the mapped grooves and converted to a
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848:"Embraceable You" was 4m 05s; "Serenade to a Shylock", 4m 32s. Another way to overcome the time limitation was to issue a selection extending to both sides of a single record. Vaudeville stars
2472:. In spite of their flaws, records continued to have enthusiastic supporters, partly due to a preference of its "warmer" sound and its larger sleeve artwork. Records continued to be format of choice by
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previously impossible to record could now be captured. Volume was now limited only by the groove spacing on the record and the amplification of the playback device. Victor and Columbia licensed the new
2101:. Many collectors prefer to have heavyweight vinyl albums, which have been reported to have better sound than normal vinyl because of their higher tolerance against deformation caused by normal play.
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have the same sensitivity to vibration, the difference needs to be evened out by having each channel take half its information from each direction by turning the channels 45 degrees from horizontal.
558:
In 1912, the Gramophone Company set 78 rpm as their recording standard, based on the average of recordings they had been releasing at the time, and started selling players whose governors had a
1208:
The older 78 rpm format continued to be mass-produced alongside the newer formats using new materials in decreasing numbers until the summer of 1958 in the U.S., and in a few countries, such as the
4490:) 4. 400 Hz calibration tone . Quotes from the sleeve: Thousands of man-hours were spent listening, adjusting, optimizing—until harpsichords sound like harpsichords without mutilated
951:"Record albums" were originally booklets containing collections of multiple disc records of related material, the name being related to photograph albums or scrap albums. German record company
4383:(NB. This compander exists in two identically named but slightly different versions; only one of them has a dedicated "Disk" setting, the other one instead has an additional setting to combine
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remain: Apollo Masters in California, and MDC in Japan. On 6 February 2020, a fire destroyed the Apollo Masters plant. According to the Apollo Masters website, their future is still uncertain.
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Although vinyl records are strong and do not break easily, they scratch due to its soft material sometimes resulting in ruining the record. Vinyl readily acquires a static charge, attracting
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As of 2017, 48 record pressing facilities exist worldwide. The increased popularity of the record has led to the investment in new and modern record-pressing machines. Only two producers of
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debut album (with "The Beehive State" on the flipside). Reprise did not proceed further with the series due to a lack of sales for the single, and a lack of general interest in the concept.
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122:(PVC) became standard replacing the old 78s and remain so to this day; they have since been produced in various sizes and speeds, most commonly 7-inch discs played at 45 rpm (typically for
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in 1948 before going on to produce albums with the New York Philharmonic, Glenn Gould, Isaac Stern and many other giants of classical music, died on Sept. 22 in Reading, Pa. He was 92. ...
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5240:, 23 January 2009. Accessed 26 January 2009. "The basic measurement behind those grams is thickness. It's been said to be less noisy, which really has more to do with the grade of vinyl."
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Records have been produced in different formats with playing times ranging from a few minutes to around 30 minutes per side. For about half a century, the discs were commonly made from
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2008:
were created within Soviet Union countries as a result of cultural censorship. These black market records were of banned music, printed onto x-ray films scavenged from hospital bins.
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on vinyl in one week. The sales of the record beat the largest sales in one week on vinyl since Nielsen started tracking vinyl sales in 1991. The sales record was previously held by
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for use by the troops overseas. After the war, the use of vinyl became more practical as new record players with lightweight crystal pickups and precision-ground styli made of
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There is a theory that vinyl records can audibly represent higher frequencies than compact discs, though most of this is noise and not relevant to human hearing. According to
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7"-single ("Fragrance", "Holger on his first video recording", "Holger and Jaki"), a digital audio download code and a booklet. The CD version of the set (CDGRON180) does
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viele sehr gute Aufnahmen klassischer Musik veröffentlicht. Diese Platten wurden, nicht wie sonst üblich, in Lackfolie sondern direkt in eine Metallscheibe geschnitten (
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groove. The groove usually starts near the outside edge and ends near the center of the disc. The stored sound information is made audible by playing the record on a
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illuminating 92-bar calibration markings. Where it was 50 Hz, it was 77.92 rpm: that of a 50 Hz stroboscope illuminating 77-bar calibration markings.
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over a series of grooves, or worse yet, cause the needle to skip backward, creating a "locked groove" that repeats over and over. This is the origin of the phrase "
7655:
7601:
6128:. Other popular artists are Beatles, Led Zeppelin and Adele" (a screenshot of the teletext page exist and can be uploaded, if allowed at Commons and if requested).
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2097:
It became commonplace to use recycled vinyl. New or "virgin" heavy/heavyweight (180–220 g) vinyl is commonly used for modern audiophile vinyl releases in all
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987:
planned to release a series of 78-rpm singles from their artists on their label at the time, called the Reprise Speed Series. Only one disc actually saw release,
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on four double-sided discs in a specially designed package. It was not until the LP era that an entire album of material could be included on a single record.
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theory, and designed to provide a relatively flat frequency response. Victor's first public demonstration of the Orthophonic Victrola on 6 October 1925, at the
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Groove recordings, first designed in the final quarter of the 19th century, held a predominant position for nearly a century—withstanding competition from
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and its elimination of background hiss and surface noise, instant switching and searching of tracks, longer playing time, lack of continuous degradation (
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6250:
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8659:
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881:" in four parts, issued on both sides of two 12-inch 78s. The limited duration of recordings persisted from their advent until the introduction of the
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system being adapted to vinyl in 1979. A decoder was commercially available but only one demo record is known to have been produced in this format.
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570:(cycles per second, Hz) and those at 50 Hz. Where the mains supply was 60 Hz, the actual speed was 78.26 rpm: that of a 60 Hz
203:
from the late 1880s and had effectively superseded it by around 1912. Records retained the largest market share even when new formats such as the
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with minimum "breathing" and other audible side effects. Sound of extraordinary dynamic range—a background free from surface noise, pops,
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speed of 78 rpm. By 1925, 78 rpm was becoming standardized across the industry. However, the exact speed differed between places with
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refers to a malfunction when the needle skips/jumps back to the previous groove and plays the same section over and over again indefinitely.
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3322:
223:. The phonograph record has made a niche resurgence in the early 21st century, growing increasingly popular throughout the 2010s and 2020s.
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629:, stood next to each other and Oliver's horn could not be heard. "They put Louis about fifteen feet over in the corner, looking all sad."
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435:. Unlike the phonautograph, Edison's phonograph could both record and reproduce sound, via two separate needles, one for each function.
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that is difficult to remove completely. Dust and scratches cause audio clicks and pops. In extreme cases, they can cause the needle to
921:, made on 28 May 1946. Because it ran 7m 57s, longer than both sides of a standard 78 rpm 10-inch record, it was released on
680:
system from Western Electric and recorded the first electrical discs during the spring of 1925. The first electrically recorded Victor
503:
Early disc recordings were produced in a variety of speeds ranging from 60 to 130 rpm, and a variety of sizes. As early as 1894,
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Back cover notes, "Jammin' at Commodore with Eddie Condon and His Windy City Seven...", Commodore Jazz Classics (CD), CCD 7007, 1988
852:
recorded "Mr. Gallagher and Mr. Shean", written by themselves or, allegedly, by Bryan Foy, as two sides of a 10-inch 78 in 1922 for
10055:
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4997:
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1374: rpm 9-inch record with 2-inch center hole. Each record held 40 minutes of music per side, recorded at 420 grooves per inch.
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diameter, tracking weight, equalisation curve and other playback parameters and use high-quality analogue-to-digital converters.
2270:
There is controversy about the relative quality of CD sound and LP sound when the latter is heard under the best conditions (see
1502:
A similar scheme aiming at the high-end audiophile market, and achieving a noise reduction of about 20 to 25 dB(A), was the
1020:
199:
The phonograph record was the primary medium used for music reproduction throughout the 20th century. It had co-existed with the
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The production of shellac records continued throughout the 78 rpm era, which lasted until 1948 in industrialized nations.
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Peter A Soderbergh, "Olde Records Price Guide 1900–1947", Wallace–Homestead Book Company, Des Moines, Iowa, 1980, pp. 193–194.
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faced uncertainty over which of these formats would ultimately prevail in what was known as the "War of the Speeds" (see also
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At least one attempt to lengthen playing time was made in the early 1920s. World Records produced records that played at a
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Comparison of several forms of disk storage showing tracks (tracks not to scale); green denotes start and red denotes end.
1427:
invented by RCA, based on mechanically tracked ultra-microgrooves (9541 grooves/inch) on a 12-inch conductive vinyl disc.
416:
had been used in this way to create direct tracings of the vibrations of sound-producing objects, as by English physicist
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and oversampling systems used in digital recordings have eliminated perceived problems observed with early CD players.
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offers records "by the latest Victor process of electrical recording". It was recognized as a breakthrough; in 1930, a
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1984:
were thin flexible records that were distributed with magazines and as promotional gifts from the 1960s to the 1980s.
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Lawrence, Harold; "Mercury Living Presence". Compact disc liner notes. Bartók, Antal Dorati, Mercury 432 017–2. 1991.
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issued a number of 78-rpm singles on their Blue Goose record label. The most familiar of these releases is probably
475:
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2255:" or "like a scratched record", which is often used to describe a person or thing that continually repeats itself.
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were two magazines that hi-fi consumers and engineers could read for reviews of playback equipment and recordings.
508:
4550:—the mightiest crescendo, free from distortion. Sound without breathing, pumping, or other ill side effects.
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determined in a series of tests that only 20–25 dB is required for the impression of full stereo separation.
1409:
RCA Victor 45s were also adapted to the smaller spindle of an LP player with a plastic snap-in insert known as a "
1281: rpm LP prevailed as the dominant format for musical albums, and 10-inch LPs were no longer issued. The last
9721:
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2497:'s midyear report in 2020, phonograph record revenues surpassed those of CDs for the first time since the 1980s.
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alloy proliferated. In late 1945, RCA Victor began offering "De Luxe" transparent red vinylite pressings of some
751:
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1947: rpm vinyl singles in 1949, but they were dropped in early 1950 due to the popularity of the RCA Victor 45.
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issued a series of boxed sets of 78-rpm reissues of early rock and roll hits, intended for owners of vintage
231:
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During the Second World War, the United States Armed Forces produced thousands of 12-inch vinyl 78 rpm
523:
happened to be the speed created by one of the early machines and, for no other reason continued to be used.
331:
or 45 rpm; Single, 7-inch or 10-inch disc, 45 or 78 rpm); their reproductive quality, or level of
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4811:. Also shows a picture of the "U" engraving in the silent inner groove indicating UC encoded vinyl disks.)
3654:
Eddie Condon, "We Called It Music", Da Capo Press, New York, 1992, p. 263–264. (Originally published 1947)
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minutes on a 10-inch 78 rpm record meant that singers seldom recorded long pieces. One exception is
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6274:"Taylor Swift's 'Evermore' Is The First Album To Sell 100,000 Vinyl Copies In One Week In U.S. History"
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Since its inception in 1948, vinyl record standards for the United States follow the guidelines of the
1149:
402:
6895:
6562:"RCA SelectaVision VideoDisc FAQ - What are the technical specifications of the RCA VideoDisc system?"
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9877:
9165:
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8097:
8015:
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4914:"Little Wonder Records, Bubble Books, Emerson, Victor, Harper, Columbia, Waterson, Berlin and Snyder"
1008:
559:
5964:
Plasketes, George (1992). "Romancing the Record: The Vinyl De-Evolution and Subcultural Evolution".
642:
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Nakamichi High-Com II Noise Reduction System - Owner's Manual - Bedienungsanleitung - Mode d'Emploi
2619:
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2364:
from 1956, usually had a chosen A-side, for radio promotion as a possible hit, with a flip side or
1443:
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had an interior folded exponential horn, a sophisticated design informed by impedance-matching and
614:
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Early recordings were made entirely acoustically, the sound was collected by a horn and piped to a
590:
417:
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6784:
Playback equalization for 78 rpm shellacs and early LPs (EQ curves, index of record labels):
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4701:
Vinyl Lexikon - Wahrheit und Legende der Schallplatte - Fachbegriffe, Sammlerlatein und Praxistips
4177:
2523:
Approximately 180 million LP records are produced annually at global pressing plants, as of 2021.
455:
in the 1880s. Emile Berliner improved the quality of recordings while his manufacturing associate
10336:
10289:
9987:
9608:
9041:
8914:
8123:
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6491:
5747:"The Resurgence of Vinyl Records: Why They're Making a Comeback and How to Start Your Collection"
5561:
4953:"Supplement No. 2 to NAB (NARTB) Engineering Handbook; NARTB Recording and Reproducing Standards"
4860:
4566:
4455:
4094:
3711:
2964:"Origins of Sound Recording: The Inventors: Edouard-LĂ©on Scott de Martinville: The Phonautograph"
2770:
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2136:
1491:
5863:"FEATURE: Forty Years of the Sony Walkman: 1st July, 1979: An Historic and Iconic Day for Music"
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4866:
with built-in UC expander, with the frontpanel showing a "UC" logo (for "Universal Compander").)
3716:
3557:
2286:(CD) in 1982, the stereo LP pressed in vinyl continued to suffer from a variety of limitations:
1006:
featuring two songs ("Alabama Jubilee" and "Please Don't Talk About Me When I'm Gone") from his
511:
was selling single-sided 7-inch discs with an advertised standard speed of "about 70 rpm".
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8793:
7690:
7145:
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encoded vinyl disks have to be played back through the "Rec" setting of a connected tape deck.)
3993:
Howard H. Scott, who was part of the team at Columbia Records that introduced the long-playing
3191:
Ober, Norman (1973). "You Can Thank Emil Berliner for the Shape Your Record Collection Is In".
2422:
2183:
594:
303:, 45, 78), and their time capacity, determined by their diameter and speed (LP , 12-inch disc,
258:
178:
Video of a 1936 spring-motor-driven 78 rpm acoustic (non-electronic) gramophone playing a
111:
6194:
5504:
4166:, "Frank Sinatra: The Columbia Years: 1943–1952: The Complete Recordings", unnumbered at back.
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in Camden, New Jersey, whose products would come to dominate the market for several decades.
5471:
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4366:
4216:
Biro, Nick (20 July 1959). "Seeburg Background Music Move Part of Diversification Program".
2456:
The more modern CD format held numerous advantages over the record such as its portability,
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8522:
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908:
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219:(DJs), especially in dance music genres. They were also listened to by a growing number of
8990:
6631:
The Audiophile's Technical Guide to 78 rpm, Transcription, and Microgroove Recordings
6445:
6138:
1142:
on 21 June 1948, in two formats: 10 inches (25 centimetres) in diameter, matching that of
8:
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and His Orchestra. It was released on two sides of Victor 55225 and ran for 8m 59s.
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563:
456:
200:
38:
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1987:
In March 1949, as RCA Victor released the 45, Columbia released several hundred 7-inch,
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3209:(revised and enlarged 2nd ed.). Indianapolis: Howard W. Sams. pp. 12, 14, 15.
2856:
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344:
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235:
119:
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1027:(1980, issued as a "Red Goose" record on a 12-inch single), with the double-entendre "
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2005:
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Research began in 1939, was suspended during World War II, and then resumed in 1945.
1090:
1057:" in the form of a 10-inch 78-rpm record (b/w "Heroes and Villains"). More recently,
840:
763:
515:
4598:
Hohmuth, Gerhard (1987). "Verbesserte Schallplattenwiedergabe durch UC-Kompressor".
4231:
4088:
3477:
2112:-based records due to concerns over the environmental impact of widespread PVC use.
2082:) has varied considerably over the years. Virgin vinyl is preferred, but during the
1519:
The availability of encoded disks in any of these formats stopped in the mid-1980s.
9943:
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Alexandrovich, George (1987). "Disc Recording and Playback". In Glen Ballou (ed.).
5307:
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on one side, and a collection of tracks from various Bel Canto albums on the back.
1449:
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843:, and to allow for longer continuous performances, he recorded some 12-inch discs.
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377:
254:
204:
159:
92:
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when broken or scratched ... repeating the same music or words over and over again
1564:
The usual diameters of the holes on an EP record are 0.286 inches (7.26 mm).
335:(high-fidelity, orthophonic, full-range, etc.); and the number of audio channels (
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4090:
A Short History of Twentieth-Century Technology, c. 1900 – c. 1950
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in dance clubs during the 1990s and 2000s due to its better mixing capabilities.
2054:* Some CD-R(W) and DVD-R(W)/DVD+R(W) recorders operate in ZCLV, CAA or CAV modes.
1479:
1054:
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626:
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46:
9295:
6752:"Recording Technology History: notes revised July 6, 2005, by Steven Schoenherr"
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in Richmond, Indiana, in 1923, one side was 2:09 and four sides were 2:52–2:59.
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From Tinfoil to Stereo: The Acoustic Years of the Recording Industry, 1877–1929
2831:
2490:
2438:
2378:
2361:
2297:
Thin, closely spaced spiral grooves that allow for increased playing time on a
2262:
A dusty/scratched vinyl record being played. The dust settles into the grooves.
2091:
1892:
1812:
1729:
1716:
1410:
1201:
1160:
demonstrating the new RCA Victor 45 rpm player and record in February 1949
1157:
1062:
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1003:
925:'s Masterwork label (the classical division) as two sides of a 12-inch record.
853:
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123:
55:
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6499:
6165:"Record Store Day: This is what happens inside a vinyl factory - BBC Newsbeat"
6103:
5127:"HD Vinyl Takes Next Step with Debut of 3D Topography Software Perfect Groove"
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Where Have All the Good Times Gone?: The Rise and Fall of the Record Industry
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contains 400 Hz, 0 dB, 200 nWb/m calibration tones as well.).
4193:
4013:"Columbia Diskery, CBS Show Microgroove Platters to Press; Tell How It Began"
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to develop a phonograph record that would hold at least 20 minutes per side.
1035:
1016:
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86:
6626:, Sears, Zemansky, Young, 1974, LOC #73-21135, chapter: "Acoustic Phenomena"
5330:"The Official UK Charts Company : ALBUM CHART HISTORY: An Introduction"
4879:
3282:
World Records, Vocalion "W" Fetherflex and Penny Phono Recordings: A listing
2746:"U.S. Vinyl Album Sales Rise for 17th Straight Year — But Growth Is Slowing"
2445:
was a factor that contributed to the vinyl's lessening usage in the 1980s.
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4365:(in English, German, and French). 1980. 0D03897A, O-800820B. Archived from
4321:
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2551:
opened in 2016 as the world's first fully automated record pressing plant.
2544:
2501:
2465:
2449:
2329:
2283:
2037:
1357:
1294:
1172:
At first the two systems were marketed in competition, in what was called "
999:
988:
874:
844:
681:
212:
37:. For cylinder recordings formerly commonly called phonograph records, see
5252:"Bioplastic records could help decarbonise music business, says developer"
3872:
3307:, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1994, pp. 63–64.
3305:
Jelly Roll, Bix, and Hoagy: Gennett Studios and the Birth of Recorded Jazz
2048:
1031:" on the "A" side and the X-rated "Christopher Columbus" on the "B" side.
491:
226:
10256:
10191:
10008:
9783:
9662:
9563:
9540:
9488:
9483:
9438:
9411:
9380:
9350:
9345:
9305:
9277:
9247:
9242:
9160:
8700:
8695:
8654:
8639:
8563:
8548:
8507:
8464:
8280:
7708:
7577:
7341:
6959:
5946:
4803:(NB. Describes a software implementation of an UC expander as a program "
4547:
4503:
4392:
4142:
ARChive of Contemporary Music, or "Would You Take My Mind Out for a Walk"
3971:
3258:
2473:
2345:
2094:, which, at the time, was considered inferior by many record collectors.
2087:
1510:
1302:
1217:
1209:
1166:
1153:
962:
836:
821:
668:
571:
413:
216:
5193:
Adrian Hope (24 January 1980). "Pressing Problems for a Record Future".
2881:
1293:, CL 2600, issued on 26 October 1956, containing six songs, one each by
50:
Three vinyl records of different formats, from left to right: a 12 inch
9917:
9839:
9744:
9433:
9416:
9272:
9222:
9065:
8788:
8690:
8680:
8497:
8285:
8249:
8118:
8113:
7902:
7896:
7529:
7157:
7109:
6963:
6907:
6661:. Third Edition. 1993, 2001, 2007; Gramophone Adventures, Portage, MI.
6473:
6101:
Swedish public service television teletext, 12.December.2016, page 150
4388:
2511:
2377:
flaws without any further damage to the source recording. For example,
2325:
2150: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2109:
1981:
1964:
and 78.26 rpm records, and 1.504″ ±0.002″ for 45 rpm records.
1503:
1261:
1197:
1082:
770:
Sales of records plummeted precipitously during the early years of the
677:
664:
625:
in 1923, remembered that at first Oliver and his young second trumpet,
527:
471:
428:
246:
220:
191:
100:
8745:
5800:
Guidelines on the Production and Preservation of Digital Audio Objects
5050:"'High Definition Vinyl' Is Happening, Possibly as Early as Next Year"
4913:
2015:
produced now-collectible postage stamps on playable vinyl mini-discs.
577:
474:, still exists. There is a dedicated museum in Montreal for Berliner (
10176:
9872:
9790:
9536:
9385:
9257:
9170:
8849:
8310:
8229:
7995:
7841:
7553:
7475:
7139:
7133:
7114:
7080:
6687:
by Roland Gelatt, published by Cassell & Company, 1954 rev. 1977
4523:
4417:
4413:
4408:(A limited edition not-for-sale High Com II encoded audiophile
3776:
2775:
the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped
2677:
It's almost final for vinyl: Record manufacturers dwindle in the U.S.
2624:
2400:
1771:
1688:
1507:
1424:
1310:
1086:
A 12-inch LP being played. The stylus is in contact with the surface.
1077:
882:
637:
514:
One standard audio recording handbook describes speed regulators, or
373:
131:
51:
6805:, a site devoted to all aspects of the making of Gramophone records.
3534:, Morgan Wright, 2002 Hoy Hoy Publishers, Saratoga Springs, NY p. 65
2931:
2125:
1462:
1098:
9952:
9902:
9797:
9426:
9421:
8502:
8479:
8469:
8409:
8196:
8007:
7977:
7908:
7865:
7859:
7847:
7817:
7595:
6706:
by Ellingham, Niel, published at 1 Bruach Lane, PH16 5DG, Scotland.
6590:"Reconstruction of mechanically recorded sound by image processing"
6530:
5829:"Reconstruction of mechanically recorded sound by image processing"
4571:
2418:
2258:
980:
856:. Longer musical pieces were released as a set of records. In 1903
791:
689:
336:
332:
250:
130:("forty-fives")), and 12-inch discs played at 33â…“ rpm (known as an
4623:(3 pages) (NB. Includes a description of the UC compander system.)
496:
9701:
9624:
9598:
9556:
9139:
8906:
8803:
8598:
8343:
7965:
7696:
7649:
6390:
5625:. Vol. 215, no. 6. p. 93 – via Google Books.
5565:
4439:
3323:"nick lucas playing with bailey's lucky seven at gennett studios"
2442:
1333:
1039:
470:
Berliner's Montreal factory, which became the Canadian branch of
179:
118:" ("seventy-eights"). After the 1940s, "vinyl" records made from
107:
3645:"Louis Armstrong and King Oliver", Heritage Jazz, cassette, 1993
1580:
A standard wide-hole 7-inch vinyl record from 1978 on its sleeve
9726:
9262:
6799:
including equalization data for different makes of 78s and LPs.
5446:"How To Organize Vinyl Records: Tips, Tricks & Suggestions"
5356:
Entertainment and Society: Influences, Impacts, and Innovations
4459:
4435:
2365:
2023:
In 2018, an Austrian startup, Rebeat Innovation GmBH, received
2012:
1200:'s competition extended to equipment. Some turntables included
939:
recorded an abridged version of the seventeen-minute work with
866:
795:
787:
685:
96:
6832:
Semi-automatic metadata extraction from shellac and vinyl disc
2832:"Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words"
1189:
9547:
9197:
8664:
8634:
7853:
7714:
7625:
6802:
6469:
6468:(NB. Retrospective box set containing 5 LPs (compilation), 1
5031:"The curious tale of Bhutan's playable record postage stamps"
4431:
2098:
1522:
Yet another noise reduction system for vinyl records was the
1213:
861:
775:
this device was "instrumental in revitalizing the industry".
567:
381:
135:
89:
6417:"Hand Drawn Pressing Brings New Technology To Vinyl Records"
6326:"How much did vinyl music sales grow in 2021? (Hint: a lot)"
5421:"4. How Long Can You Store CDs and DVDs and Use Them Again?"
5396:"Do vinyl LPs wear out? The Audiophiliac takes on that myth"
4055:
Library of Congress (Congress.gov) (accessdate 21 June 2021)
2328:
have differed over the relative merits of the LP versus the
110:
and these records typically ran at a rotational speed of 78
9897:
9749:
9237:
9129:
9005:
8434:
7983:
7829:
7189:
7169:
5535:"Audacity Team Forum: Pre-echo when recording vinyl record"
4887:
4797:
4567:"CX Discs: Better, Worse & the Same as a normal record"
3458:"New Music Machine Thrills All Hearers At First Test Here".
3359:
40,000 Years of Music: Man in Search of Music – 1964 p. 144
2819:
repetitive sounds .. this means the record SKIPS its groove
2244:
2074:
The composition of vinyl used to press records (a blend of
6300:"Jack White breaks US vinyl sales record with 'Lazaretto'"
6077:"BBC News | ENTERTAINMENT | The non-compact disc turns 50"
5661:
4998:"Bone music: the Soviet bootleg records pressed on x-rays"
4518:
quality. Listen especially for the dramatic reduction in
4287:
Spanias, Andreas; Painter, Ted; Atti, Venkatraman (2007).
3414:
Pakenham, Compton (1930), "Recorded Music: A Wide Range".
2701:"Millennials push 2015 record sales to 26-year high in US"
860:
in England made the first complete recording of an opera,
9922:
9892:
9818:
9593:
9134:
8201:
4740:
verfĂĽgbarer UC-Expander fĂĽr den Heimgebrauch, verzichtet.
4522:
on this High-Com II encoded record. There is no residual
3232:. London: British Library. pp. 89–90. Archived from
2581:
2409:
2291:
968:
725:
451:
The first commercially sold disc records were created by
239:
6350:
Meet the Record-Pressing Robot Fueling Record's Comeback
5724:"Disc Recording and Playback". In Glen Ballou (editor),
5279:"Sonopress and WMG launch sustainable 'EcoRecord' vinyl"
4647:(in German). Vol. 36, no. 9. Berlin, Germany:
4406:
The Stillness of Dawn - High-Com II Demonstration Record
3280:
Frank Andrews; Arthur Badrock; Edward S. Walker (1992).
3205:
Read, Oliver (1952). "History of Acoustical Recording".
2356:
1320:
991:'s "I Think It's Going to Rain Today", a track from his
95:
in the form of a flat disc with an inscribed, modulated
8543:
5153:" "Making Vinyl Europe – Program – Meistersaal, Berlin"
4880:"Bulletin E 3: Standards for Stereophonic Disc Records"
2468:, repeat), and ability to be played on and copied to a
2414:
6659:
Playback Equalizer Settings for 78 rpm Recordings
5726:
Handbook for Sound Engineers: The New Audio Cyclopedia
5474:
Handbook for Sound Engineers: The New Audio Cyclopedia
5178:
Bayly, Ernie (February 1976). "Double-sided records".
4398:
2995:"What Was the First Sound Ever Recorded by a Machine?"
2787:
Bob Evans (8 November 1999). "A Whole New Ball Game".
1328:
The 45 rpm discs also came in a variety known as
1025:
R. Crumb & His Cheap Suit Serenaders' Party Record
138:) – the latter being the most prevalent format today.
6742:"A Record Changer and Record of Complementary Design"
6614:
Analogue audio disk records and reproducing equipment
4353:
3929:"Peyton On Patton | Rev. Peyton's Big Damn Band"
3057:. University of California Press. 1983. p. 137.
2514:, who sold 40,000 copies of his second solo release,
1146:
singles, and 12 inches (30 centimetres) in diameter.
1071:
6871:
6679:
From Tin Foil to Stereo: Evolution of the Phonograph
5896:
Browne, David (4 October 1991). "A Vinyl Farewell".
5322:
4636:
Milde, Helmut (1987). Written at Dresden, Germany.
4169:
3976:"Howard H. Scott, a Developer of the LP, Dies at 92"
2591:
2464:
wear out as they get played), programmability (e.g.
2236:"Broken record" redirects here. For other uses, see
1413:". These inserts were commissioned by RCA president
134:, "long-playing records", typically for full-length
103:(or "gramophone", "turntable", or "record player").
6791:
The manufacturing and production of shellac records
6587:
5826:
4262:. Greenwood technographies. JHU Press. p. 94.
4007:
4005:
3615:"Why Are Songs on the Radio About the Same Length?"
6821:
6247:"Vinyl Outsells CDs For the First Time in Decades"
5914:
5638:"Ringing False: Digital Audio's Ubiquitous Filter"
4986:Indiana State Museum document no. 71.2010.098.0001
4703:(in German) (1 ed.). Lexikon Imprint Verlag.
4510:noise-reduction system. High-Com II is the first
4286:
3545:
2108:of the 21st century, select manufacturers adopted
1568:smaller were made—the so-called "little wonders".
663:, developed technology for capturing sound with a
531:A multinational product: an operatic duet sung by
6764:Format Friction: Perspectives on the Shellac Disc
6744:by B. H. Carson, A. D. Burt, and H. I. Reiskind,
5728:: Howard W. Sams & Company. p. 1037 §27.9.4.
4691:
4689:
4494:, until bass viols sound like bass viols without
3903:"The invention of vinyl records - where it began"
2723:"Vinyl sales pass 1m for first time this century"
2631:The New Face of Vinyl: Youth's Digital Devolution
2568:video on a vinyl record alongside encoded audio.
2564:VinylVideo is a format to store a low resolution
2520:, on vinyl in its first week of release in 2014.
1923:Example of 7″ EMI single with notched center hole
1349:(Columbia B-2641) was issued on 7 December 1959.
1289:songs on a 10-inch LP record was an album called
1228:songs on 78 rpm records was an album called
955:pioneered the album in 1909 when it released the
655:During the first half of the 1920s, engineers at
10303:
6822:Musée des ondes Emile Berliner, Montreal, Canada
6526:"VinylVideo - Playing video from a 45rpm record"
5694:"Sonic Science: The High-Frequency Hearing Test"
4002:
3350:
3348:
2554:
2394:
1950:Original hole diameters were 0.286″ ±0.001″ for
581:Edison Records Diamond Disc label, early 1920s.
6675:. Ninth edition, Oxford University Press, 1955.
5593:"Which Sounds Better, Analog or Digital Music?"
5296:
4750:
4748:
4602:(in German). Vol. 36, no. 5. Berlin:
4498:, until triangles sound lean and crisp without
4259:Sound recording: the life story of a technology
3401:Wanamaker (16 January 1926). Wanamaker's ad in
3370:
3226:Manual of Analogue Audio Restoration Techniques
2368:by the same artist—though some had two A-sides.
5662:Cutnell, John D.; Johnson, Kenneth W. (1997).
4755:Müller, Claus (2018). Meinhardt, Käthe (ed.).
4686:
4530:that mar conventional discs are absent. So is
4466:) 4. 400 Hz calibration tone. , Side B:
3744:. Archived from the original on 3 April 2005.
3548:America on Record: A History of Recorded Sound
2992:
2571:
2504:sold 102,000 copies of her ninth studio album
1061:has released their tribute to blues guitarist
828:on his first recordings, recorded 13 sides at
8922:
8761:
8023:
6857:
6657:Powell, James R., Jr. and Randall G. Stehle.
6554:
5469:
5211:. The Record Collectors Guild. Archived from
4814:
4631:
4629:
4159:
4157:
4155:
3345:
2580:, a color video format, slightly better than
1138:unveiled the LP at a press conference in the
885:in 1948. In popular music, the time limit of
317: rpm; EP , 12-inch disc or 7-inch disc,
6647:. 2001; Gramophone Adventures, Portage, MI.
6633:. 1992; Gramophone Adventures, Portage, MI.
6514:
6483:
6434:
5686:
5270:
4854:
4745:
4591:
3959:Maverick inventor; My Turbulent Years at CBS
3701:
3699:
3606:
3195:, Vol. 60, No. 4 (December 1973), pp. 38–40.
2924:
1546:
1527:
1235:
1169:. They had a playing time of eight minutes.
8873:Conservation and restoration of vinyl discs
8650:Professional Lighting and Sound Association
5369:"Comparative tables for 30 cm LP Standards"
5243:
5192:
4874:
4872:
4555:
3970:
3218:
3216:
3019:
2780:
2615:Conservation and restoration of vinyl discs
1478:As a result of the 45-degree turn and some
1252:Columbia and RCA Victor each pursued their
1220:on 78s), into the late 1960s. For example,
659:, as well as independent inventors such as
481:
8929:
8915:
8768:
8754:
8240:Comparison of analog and digital recording
8030:
8016:
6864:
6850:
5917:The World of DJs and the Turntable Culture
5912:
4626:
4152:
4132:
4130:
4128:
2986:
2882:"vinyl | Etymology of vinyl by etymonline"
2321:Comparison of analog and digital recording
2272:Comparison of analog and digital recording
1497:
762:The audience broke into applause ...
447:Emile Berliner with disc record gramophone
253:in inches (12-inch, 10-inch, 7-inch), the
9404:
6618:International Electrotechnical Commission
5963:
5619:"DBX-encoded discs—records without noise"
5478:. Howard W. Sams & Company. pp.
4695:
4066:The Label: The Story of Columbia Records.
3696:
3587:
2806:
2786:
2743:
2210:Learn how and when to remove this message
2064:Recording Industry Association of America
729:Examples of Congolese 78 rpm records
438:
249:records are generally described by their
7110:Tefiphon/Teficord (early 1930s), Tefifon
5990:
5182:(38). Ernie Bayly, Bournemouth: 596–597.
5180:The Talking Machine Review International
4995:
4869:
4821:Seiffert, Michael; Renz, Martin (eds.).
4820:
4086:
4080:
4068:New York: Thunder's Mouth Press; p. 165.
3961:. New York: Saturday Review Press, 1973.
3222:
3213:
3054:Nineeenth-century Scientific Instruments
2530:
2408:
2355:
2257:
2047:
1918:
1575:
1461:
1345:songs on 45 rpm EP records, called
1319:
1239:
1188:
1148:
1097:
1089:
1081:
1021:R. Crumb & His Cheap Suit Serenaders
814:
732:
724:
636:
576:
526:
490:
442:
225:
77:(for later varieties only), or simply a
45:
8775:
6728:Vinyl: A History of the Analogue Record
6323:
5951:"Shiny, Aluminum, Plastic, and Digital"
5945:
5616:
5559:
5099:
5033:. The Vinyl Factory. 30 December 2015.
4719:und dem ZWT Rundfunk und Fernsehen der
4597:
4125:
3674:"Hits of the 1920s, Vol. 2 (1921–1923)"
3543:
3537:
3520:V-Disc and Armed Forces Radio Catalogue
3207:The Recording and Reproduction of Sound
3145:
2932:"mar 25, 1857 - Phonautograph invented"
2809:"Saturday: Sounds Like a Broken Record"
2282:At the time of the introduction of the
1417:and were invented by Thomas Hutchison.
632:
27:Disc-shaped analog sound storage medium
14:
10304:
6814:Actual list of vinyl pressing plants:
6716:published 1991 by the British Library
6520:
6489:
6440:
6414:
6297:
6253:from the original on 22 September 2020
6195:"Vinyl Record Sales At A 28 Year High"
6071:
6069:
5895:
5635:
5590:
5393:
5102:"HD vinyl is a promise, not a product"
4977:The Fabulous Victrola 45 Phil Vourtsis
4754:
4561:
4328:from the original on 25 September 2006
4316:
4314:
4293:. Wiley-Interscience. p. xv–xvi.
4255:
4175:
3612:
3284:. Spalding, Lincolnshire: The Authors.
3168:"Centennial of Broadcasting in Canada"
3071:from the original on 15 February 2017.
2711:from the original on 26 December 2015.
2441:. The widespread popularity of Sony's
2018:
1970:
1094:Grooves on a modern 33 rpm record
969:78 rpm releases in the microgroove era
8910:
8749:
8711:New Interfaces for Musical Expression
8011:
6845:
6391:"Apollo Masters lacquer record discs"
6205:from the original on 20 December 2016
6110:from the original on 20 December 2016
5509:. Taylor & Francis. p. 254.
5209:"Record Collectors Guild on Dynaflex"
5177:
5100:Seppala, Timothy J. (26 April 2018).
5047:
5037:from the original on 2 February 2017.
4894:from the original on 15 November 2014
4635:
4514:noise-reduction system that achieves
3588:Welch, Walter L.; Burt, Leah (1994).
3581:
2535:Vinyl record making demonstration at
2526:
1457:
1267:Eventually the 12-inch (300 mm)
1216:(both countries issued recordings by
641:An electronically recorded disc from
600:
431:, which etched sound recordings onto
8037:
6820:Dedicated museum for sound history:
6808:How to digitize gramophone records:
6271:
5921:. Hal Leonard Corporation. pp.
5706:from the original on 24 October 2017
5502:
5277:Dredge, Stuart (28 September 2023).
5250:Mcdill, Stuart (21 September 2022).
5186:
5073:
4215:
4031:from the original on 22 January 2021
3684:from the original on 25 January 2016
3435:from the original on 6 February 2023
3383:from the original on 2 February 2015
3204:
3146:Wallace, Robert (17 November 1952).
3139:
3115:"History of the Cylinder Phonograph"
3095:from the original on 20 January 2011
2744:Caulfield, Keith (11 January 2023).
2148:adding citations to reliable sources
2119:
1068:on both 12-inch LP and 10-inch 78s.
539:, recorded in the US in 1906 by the
387:
10156:Global Recording Artist of the Year
10124:Highest-grossing live music artists
6827:Smart Vinyl: The First Computerized
6797:Reproduction of 78 rpm records
6767:, University of Chicago Press, 2024
6730:by Richard Osborne. Ashgate, 2012.
6066:
6026:"DEMYSTIFYING COMPACT DISC PLAYERS"
5804:. Iasa-web.org. 21 September 2012.
5744:
5591:Morgan, Katrina (11 October 2017).
5560:Dunning, Brian (19 December 2015).
5076:"What Is HD Vinyl and Is It Legit?"
4773:In den 1980er Jahren wurden in der
4311:
4188:(5). Bonnier Corporation: 132–133.
4178:"What's What in the Platter Battle"
4148:from the original on 10 March 2016.
4044:
3027:"Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville"
2653:Unusual types of gramophone records
1977:Unusual types of gramophone records
1571:
1559:
1059:The Reverend Peyton's Big Damn Band
778:
597:'s patented add-on speed governor.
24:
8936:
6803:The Secret Society of Lathe Trolls
6681:by Oliver Read and Walter L. Welch
6612:International standard IEC 60098:
6580:
6415:Setaro, Shawn (30 November 2016).
6175:from the original on 18 April 2016
6145:from the original on 22 March 2016
5537:. Audacityteam.org. Archived from
5523:from the original on 24 June 2016.
5375:from the original on 5 August 2012
4996:Paphides, Pete (29 January 2015).
4924:from the original on 20 April 2016
4290:Audio signal processing and coding
3488:from the original on 26 April 2016
3371:Whelan, M.; Kornrumpf, W. (2014).
3127:from the original on 31 March 2023
2690:– Kitchener, Ont., 9 January 1991.
1072:New sizes and materials after WWII
692:'s "Litanei" performed by pianist
384:platter, wax, or liquorice pizza.
372:(British English), record, vinyl,
230:Conductor and cast members of the
207:were mass-marketed. By the 1980s,
148:
25:
10353:
10322:Audiovisual introductions in 1894
8260:Reel-to-reel audio tape recording
7972:Pioneer Artists Compact LaserDisc
7422:Mohawk Message repeater cartridge
6772:
6490:Riddle, Randy A. (29 July 2018).
6225:"2017 U.S. Music Year-End Report"
5886:Sources vary on the actual dates.
5851:from the original on 25 May 2005.
5636:Howard, Keith (5 February 2006).
4307:from the original on 11 May 2016.
4276:from the original on 10 May 2016.
4232:"RCA SelectaVision VideoDisc FAQ"
3909:from the original on 4 April 2017
3883:from the original on 4 March 2016
3773:"Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra"
3627:from the original on 11 July 2014
3522:, Blue Goose Publishers, St Louis
2974:from the original on 6 March 2023
2944:from the original on 29 June 2022
2277:
2090:marketed their lightweight LP as
10285:
10284:
10271:
9301:Artists and repertoire (A&R)
9032:Universal Music Publishing Group
8890:
8729:
6408:
6383:
6363:
6343:
6317:
6291:
6265:
6239:
6217:
6187:
6157:
6131:
6095:
6044:
6018:
5991:Rockwell, John (10 March 1985).
5984:
5978:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1992.00109.x
5957:
5939:
5906:
5889:
5880:
5855:
5820:
5790:
5764:
5738:
5718:
5655:
5629:
5610:
5584:
5553:
5527:
5496:
5463:
5438:
5413:
5387:
5361:
5348:
5276:
5249:
4968:Columbia record catalog Aug 1949
4645:radio fernsehen elektronik (rfe)
4600:radio fernsehen elektronik (rfe)
4412:and corresponding leaflet. This
3853:from the original on 4 June 2016
3849:. 23 November 1968. p. 10.
3775:. Redhotjazz.com. Archived from
3506:Read, Oliver; Welch, Walter L.,
3333:from the original on 29 May 2008
3033:from the original on 1 July 2022
3007:from the original on 7 June 2022
2648:Sound recording and reproduction
2594:
2124:
2069:
2011:In the 1970s, the government of
1529:Zentrum Wissenschaft und Technik
1430:
998:In 1978, guitarist and vocalist
946:
509:United States Gramophone Company
364:The various names have included
261:(rpm) at which they are played (
190:Problems playing this file? See
164:
9722:Entertainment Monitoring Africa
8245:Experimental musical instrument
7500:Nippon Electronic Vity cassette
7211:Cosmos Industries MX-303A/ANQ-1
6480:contain the VinylVideo record.)
6456:from the original on 7 May 2021
6298:Cooper, Leonie (18 June 2014).
6052:"Stealth war against CD piracy"
5993:"INVASION OF THE COMPACT DISKS"
5808:from the original on 8 May 2015
5219:
5201:
5171:
5145:
5119:
5093:
5067:
5041:
5023:
4989:
4980:
4971:
4962:
4945:
4936:
4906:
4833:from the original on 6 May 2021
4763:from the original on 5 May 2021
4673:from the original on 5 May 2021
4454:(Procession of the Nobles from
4340:
4280:
4249:
4224:
4209:
4200:
4111:
4071:
4058:
3964:
3951:
3939:from the original on 7 May 2011
3921:
3895:
3865:
3835:
3823:from the original on 9 May 2016
3805:
3791:
3765:
3731:
3666:
3657:
3648:
3639:
3592:. University Press of Florida.
3525:
3513:
3500:
3470:
3447:
3421:
3408:
3395:
3364:
3310:
3297:
3288:
3273:
3251:
3198:
3185:
3160:
3107:
3075:
3045:
2956:
2899:
2874:
2658:Apollo Masters Corporation fire
2360:45 rpm records, like this
2351:
2314:
2135:needs additional citations for
2059:one-sided 45 rpm singles.
1535:Kombinat Rundfunk und Fernsehen
1358:Seeburg Background Music System
1248:16 rpm record (label only)
1102:Uncommon Columbia 7-inch vinyl
824:'s Creole Jazz Band, including
554:, Victor's affiliate in England
486:
396:
380:), black disc, album, and more
10222:Largest recorded music markets
10129:Highest-grossing concert tours
6588:Fadeyev, V.; C. Haber (2003).
5827:Fadeyev, V.; C. Haber (2003).
5617:Feldman, Len (December 1979).
3707:"Recording Technology History"
3613:Allain, Rhett (11 July 2014).
3083:"The Life of Thomas A. Edison"
2849:
2824:
2800:
2763:
2737:
2715:
2693:
2670:
2479:
2238:Broken Record (disambiguation)
2115:
1184:
1002:released a promotional 78-rpm
619:King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band
541:Victor Talking Machine Company
476:Musée des ondes Emile Berliner
465:Victor Talking Machine Company
459:, who owned a machine shop in
13:
1:
8430:Electronic musical instrument
6778:How do vinyl record works at
6673:The Oxford Companion to Music
6645:Broadcast Transcription Discs
6120:in Swedish (original text) –
5258:. Thomson Reuters Corporation
5074:Rose, Brent (20 April 2018).
5048:Hogan, Marc (11 April 2018).
4856:VEB Phonotechnik Pirna/Zittau
4256:Morton, David L. Jr. (2006).
2993:Fabry, Merrill (1 May 2018).
2663:
2559:
2555:Less common recording formats
2395:Popularity and current status
1933:Columbia pressed many 7-inch
1485:In 1957 the first commercial
1324:45 rpm vinyl record from 1965
877:and his Band's recording of "
870:, on 40 single-sided discs.
646:
550:in Hanover, Germany, for the
544:
10278:Record production portal
9094:Independent UK record labels
8897:Record production portal
8736:Record production portal
8625:Institute of Broadcast Sound
7296:Thermionic Products Recordon
4942:Columbia Record Catalog 1950
4087:Williams, Trevor I. (1982).
3431:. Bone Music. 19 July 2020.
2807:Deb Amlen (7 October 2011).
2769:The 2 slower speeds used by
2417:mixing vinyl records with a
2043:
1421:Capacitance Electronic Discs
973:In 1968, when the hit movie
873:In 1940, Commodore released
7:
10146:Most-attended concert tours
8645:Musical Electronics Library
7683:Analog-to-digital converter
7590:Nippon Electronic Memo-call
6370:Don't Call It Vinyl Cutting
5953:– via urbigenous.net.
4176:Gorman, Robert (May 1949).
4052:The First Long-Playing Disc
4024:. 26 June 1948. p. 3.
3418:, February 23, 1930, p. 118
2688:Kitchener – Waterloo Record
2610:Capacitance Electronic Disc
2587:
2578:Capacitance Electronic Disc
2572:Capacitance Electronic Disc
2486:resurgence of vinyl records
1232:, issued in November 1954.
376:(originally a trademark of
141:
10:
10358:
10332:History of sound recording
10161:Wealthiest musical artists
10014:Best-selling music artists
8392:Sound reinforcement system
8301:Sound reinforcement system
7806:Compact Disc Digital Audio
6890:Music box cylinder or disc
6793:. Educational video, 1942.
5966:Journal of Popular Culture
5562:"inFact: Vinyl vs Digital"
5354:Shay Sayre, Cynthia King,
4779:VEB Deutsche Schallplatten
4717:VEB Deutsche Schallplatten
4391:filtering. In this model,
3819:. 25 May 1968. p. 3.
3799:"History of Record Albums"
3554:Cambridge University Press
2398:
2318:
2235:
2222:
1974:
1554:
1434:
1127:had long been at work for
1075:
1049:2011, Capitol re-released
979:was inspiring revivals of
879:A Good Man Is Hard to Find
585:always ran at 80 rpm.
499:record, 90 to 100 rpm
403:History of sound recording
400:
352:
232:D'Oyly Carte Opera Company
114:, giving it the nickname "
29:
10265:
10169:
10001:
9936:
9865:
9856:
9768:
9732:New Zealand singles chart
9653:
9617:
9508:
9286:
9188:
9153:
9107:
9050:
9014:
8953:
8944:
8886:
8865:
8832:
8781:
8725:
8673:
8615:Audio Engineering Society
8607:
8531:
8513:Software effect processor
8493:Digital audio workstation
8478:
8400:
8342:
8334:Digital signal processing
8319:
8273:
8215:
8157:
8098:Digital audio workstation
8073:
8045:
7952:
7887:
7796:
7765:
7733:
7724:
7681:
7506:Grundig Cassette LFH 0084
7399:
7323:
7285:
7268:
7187:
7167:
7124:
7102:
7031:
6943:
6926:
6917:
6880:
6816:vinyl-pressing-plants.com
6598:Audio Engineering Society
5913:Souvignier, Todd (2004).
5837:Audio Engineering Society
5506:Small Signal Audio Design
4346:Reed, Peter Hugh (1958).
3757:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3405:, 16 January 1926, p. 16.
2861:dictionary.archivists.org
2857:"SAA Dictionary: platter"
1827:
1824:
1744:
1741:
1661:
1658:
1548:Phonotechnik Pirna/Zittau
1466:Decoding the left channel
1236:Microgroove and vinyl era
1179:
1045:As a special release for
566:electricity supply at 60
359:
54:, a 10 inch LP, a 7 inch
10202:Christian music industry
9717:GfK Entertainment charts
9361:Professional audio store
8706:Professional audio store
8608:People and organizations
8594:Sound recording engineer
7756:Digital Compact Cassette
7644:Capitol Records Audiopak
7494:Dictaphone Travel master
7290:Telefunken magnetic disc
7259:Crouzet-Jaeger cartridge
6376:23 February 2017 at the
5867:Music Musings & Such
4638:"Das UC-Kompandersystem"
3746:Enter May 28 See bottom.
3223:Copeland, Peter (2008).
2620:Electrical transcription
2602:Record production portal
2231:
1742:10 in (25 cm)
1659:12 in (30 cm)
1604:16 in (41 cm)
976:Thoroughly Modern Millie
615:Lillian Hardin Armstrong
591:constant linear velocity
482:78 rpm disc developments
9609:Music streaming service
9042:Disney Music Publishing
8124:Microphone preamplifier
7572:Assmann-Stuzzi Memocord
7253:Protona Minifon special
6874:audio recording formats
6756:University of San Diego
6685:The Fabulous Phonograph
4918:Littlewonderrecords.com
4853:(NB. Has pictures of a
4526:; the ticks, pops, and
4486:) 3. Little B's Poem (
4322:"Stereo disc recording"
4220:. New York. p. 67.
4119:"The War of the Speeds"
4095:Oxford University Press
3873:"The Beatles at 78 RPM"
3712:University of San Diego
3544:Millard, Andre (1995).
3508:From Tin Foil to Stereo
3373:"Vacuum Tubes (Valves)"
3193:Music Educators Journal
2771:the Library of Congress
2682:16 January 2013 at the
2576:Another example is the
2342:Red Book specifications
2004:In the 1950s and 1960s
1825:7 in (18 cm)
1498:Noise reduction systems
754:was front-page news in
696:at Victor's studios in
10151:Most-attended concerts
10119:Highest-paid musicians
8794:Direct-drive turntable
8065:Electronic and digital
7656:Bandai micro cartridge
7602:Muntz Stereo Mini-twin
6704:Pressing the LP Record
6643:Powell, James R., Jr.
6629:Powell, James R., Jr.
6324:Leimkuehler, Matthew.
5772:"The Transfer Session"
5503:Self, Douglas (2002).
5450:premier-recordsinc.com
4864:direct drive turntable
4859:Ziphona HMK-PA2223, a
4855:
4424:Philharmonia Hungarica
3532:The Amazing Phonograph
3429:"Nazi Era Flexi Discs"
3148:"First It Said 'Mary'"
3029:. First Sounds. 2008.
2540:
2426:
2423:Sundance Film Festival
2369:
2263:
2055:
1924:
1596:Revolutions per minute
1581:
1547:
1528:
1467:
1325:
1249:
1205:
1161:
1121:
1095:
1087:
839:started recording for
768:
739:
730:
723:
652:
595:Noel Pemberton Billing
586:
555:
525:
500:
448:
439:The first disc records
259:revolutions per minute
243:
153:
58:
30:For the magazine, see
10232:Most valuable records
10227:Most expensive albums
10182:Album-equivalent unit
9712:Italian singles chart
9569:Promotional recording
9037:Warner Chappell Music
9027:Sony Music Publishing
9022:BMG Rights Management
8789:Phonograph/gramophone
7524:Cousino Echo-matic II
7004:Indestructible record
6524:(17 September 2018).
6522:Taylor, Matthew "Mat"
6356:8 August 2017 at the
6249:. 10 September 2020.
6141:. Thecmuwebsite.com.
6104:"SVT Text - Sida 150"
5304:"BBC - Music - Vinyl"
5215:on 28 September 2007.
4563:Taylor, Matthew "Mat"
4506:, the world's finest
4472:Sherman Martin Austin
4464:Hungarian Dance No. 5
4348:American record guide
3320:studio is available.
3259:"Pro Audio Reference"
2968:National Park Service
2911:TheFreeDictionary.com
2534:
2412:
2359:
2335:anti-aliasing filters
2319:Further information:
2261:
2051:
1922:
1599:Approximate duration
1579:
1465:
1435:Further information:
1323:
1243:
1202:spindle size adapters
1192:
1174:The War of the Speeds
1152:
1101:
1093:
1085:
815:78 rpm recording time
760:
752:Waldorf-Astoria Hotel
736:
728:
719:
717:music critic stated:
667:, amplifying it with
640:
580:
530:
520:
494:
446:
229:
211:, in the form of the
152:
49:
10207:Environmental impact
10107:Best-selling singles
9120:Digital music stores
8799:Belt-drive turntable
8523:Software synthesizer
8488:Digital audio editor
8274:Playback transducers
8134:Multitrack recording
7620:Sanyo Tape cartridge
7446:Rediffusion Reditune
7325:Loose (reel-to-reel)
7276:Magnetic stripe card
7205:US Army RD-11B/GNQ-1
6970:Perfected phonograph
6898:(early 17th century)
6448:(Limited ed.).
6139:"Vinyl sales up 55%"
5899:Entertainment Weekly
5745:ECL (7 April 2024).
5232:27 July 2011 at the
4823:"Ziphona HMK-PA2223"
4658:. pp. 592–595.
4613:. pp. 311–313.
4422:Track list: Side A:
3576:record playing time.
3316:A photograph of the
2545:lacquer master discs
2253:like a broken record
2144:improve this article
1015:In the same vein of
802:classical 78s, at a
744:Orthophonic Victrola
688:'s "Impromptus" and
633:Electrical recording
621:, which recorded at
433:phonograph cylinders
368:(American English),
10237:Music certification
10217:Largest music deals
10095:Best-selling albums
9928:The Country Network
9707:Irish Singles Chart
9356:Musical instruments
8840:Phonograph cylinder
8776:Grooved track audio
7434:Mohawk Midgetape RL
7247:Protona Minifon P55
7241:Protona Minifon P51
7016:Blue Amberol record
6998:Gold moulded record
6992:Le CĂ©leste cylinder
6964:Dictaphone cylinder
6954:Phonograph cylinder
6780:vinyl-place website
5778:on 20 November 2005
5699:Scientific American
5597:Scientific American
5394:Guttenberg, Steve.
5371:. A.biglobe.ne.jp.
5238:Arcane Radio Trivia
4890:. 16 October 1963.
4565:(19 October 2017).
4496:harmonic distortion
4371:on 10 November 2017
4206:Soderbergh, p. 194.
4064:Marmorstein, Gary.
3239:on 22 December 2015
3120:Library of Congress
3088:Library of Congress
2638:Phonograph cylinder
2634:(photo documentary)
2549:Hand Drawn Pressing
2159:"Phonograph record"
2084:1970s energy crisis
2019:Recent developments
1971:Less common formats
1881:EP (Extended Play)
1524:UC compander system
1354:Seeburg Corporation
850:Gallagher and Shean
583:Edison Disc Records
564:alternating current
457:Eldridge R. Johnson
427:invented the first
201:phonograph cylinder
39:Phonograph cylinder
10327:Hip hop production
9750:SNEP singles chart
9525:Extended play (EP)
9296:Album cover design
8574:Re-recording mixer
8377:Keyboard amplifier
8093:Binaural recording
7889:Electronic circuit
7744:Digital Audio Tape
7458:RCA tape cartridge
7416:Cousino Echo-matic
7314:Audio High Density
7063:Edison Voicewriter
6671:Scholes, Percy A.
6538:on 29 October 2021
6502:on 29 October 2021
6444:(23 March 2018) .
6054:. 4 September 2001
5997:The New York Times
5844:(December): 1172.
5572:on 29 October 2021
5336:on 17 October 2008
4884:Aardvark Mastering
4649:VEB Verlag Technik
4604:VEB Verlag Technik
4579:on 29 October 2021
4448:Damnation of Faust
3981:The New York Times
3974:(6 October 2012).
3482:Musicinthemail.com
3463:2013-05-10 at the
3454:The New York Times
3416:The New York Times
3403:The New York Times
3377:Edison Tech Center
3294:Scholes, plate 73.
3156:. pp. 87–102.
2886:www.etymonline.com
2814:The New York Times
2541:
2527:Present production
2427:
2370:
2264:
2076:polyvinyl chloride
2056:
1925:
1634:Transcription disc
1582:
1468:
1458:Stereophonic sound
1326:
1250:
1224:' last reissue of
1206:
1162:
1122:
1096:
1088:
858:His Master's Voice
758:, which reported:
756:The New York Times
740:
731:
710:The New York Times
698:Camden, New Jersey
653:
601:Acoustic recording
587:
556:
552:Gramophone Company
501:
461:Camden, New Jersey
449:
244:
236:acoustic recording
154:
120:polyvinyl chloride
59:
10299:
10298:
10242:Parental Advisory
10197:Bootleg recording
10187:A-side and B-side
10044:
9997:
9996:
9913:The Music Factory
9755:Sverigetopplistan
9679:Argentina Hot 100
9645:Music competition
9635:Concert residency
9574:Phonograph record
9544:
9504:
9503:
9331:Music and fashion
9316:Entertainment law
9184:
9183:
9145:Virgin Megastores
8947:and organizations
8904:
8903:
8845:Phonograph record
8743:
8742:
8549:Guitar technician
8445:Music workstation
8329:Digital recording
8306:Speaker enclosure
8225:8-track cartridge
8167:Phonograph record
8005:
8004:
7948:
7947:
7677:
7676:
7512:Orrtronic Tapette
7440:Dictaphone Dictet
7039:Phonograph record
6896:Mechanical cuckoo
6810:Audacity Tutorial
6761:Williams, Gavin.
6736:978-1-4094-4027-7
6616:. Third edition,
6605:(December): 1172.
6395:Apollomasters.com
6171:. 15 April 2016.
6032:. 29 January 2024
5932:978-0-634-05833-2
5668:. Wiley. p.
5197:. p. 229 ff.
4809:Microsoft Windows
4420:. 1979. NAK-100.
4300:978-0-471-79147-8
4144:. 20 March 2008.
4121:. 16 August 2022.
3957:Goldmark, Peter.
3779:on 5 January 2012
3739:"On This Date..."
3172:Canadashistory.ca
2733:on 20 April 2016.
2470:personal computer
2435:8-track cartridge
2431:reel-to-reel tape
2388:digital recording
2220:
2219:
2212:
2194:
2080:polyvinyl acetate
1917:
1916:
1590:Finished Diameter
1360:in 1959, using a
1009:Champagne Charlie
841:Commodore Records
835:In January 1938,
764:John Philip Sousa
748:transmission-line
388:Early development
370:gramophone record
366:phonograph record
173:
160:78 rpm video
67:gramophone record
65:(also known as a
63:phonograph record
33:Phonograph Record
18:Gramaphone record
16:(Redirected from
10349:
10288:
10287:
10276:
10275:
10274:
10042:
9863:
9862:
9760:UK singles chart
9692:Canadian Hot 100
9584:Compact cassette
9522:
9469:Session musician
9444:Hip hop producer
9402:
9401:
9336:Music journalism
9268:Rhythm and blues
8986:IFPI (worldwide)
8951:
8950:
8931:
8924:
8917:
8908:
8907:
8895:
8894:
8893:
8770:
8763:
8756:
8747:
8746:
8734:
8733:
8732:
8620:Goji Electronics
8559:Monitor engineer
8518:Software sampler
8425:Electronic drums
8402:Electronic music
8372:Guitar amplifier
8217:Analog recording
8177:Compact cassette
8139:Music production
8047:Music technology
8039:Music technology
8032:
8025:
8018:
8009:
8008:
7731:
7730:
7584:DC-International
7542:Compact cassette
7360:Fullcoat magfilm
7302:Record Maker Pye
7269:Magnetic surface
7199:Lorenz Textophon
7022:Paradis cylinder
6986:Stentor cylinder
6924:
6923:
6866:
6859:
6852:
6843:
6842:
6837:Vinyl Player 2.0
6710:Sound Recordings
6606:
6594:
6574:
6573:
6571:
6569:
6558:
6552:
6547:
6545:
6543:
6534:. Archived from
6518:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6507:
6498:. Archived from
6487:
6481:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6450:Grönland Records
6438:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6427:
6412:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6387:
6381:
6367:
6361:
6347:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6336:
6321:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6310:
6295:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6284:
6272:McIntyre, Hugh.
6269:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6258:
6243:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6232:
6221:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6191:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6180:
6161:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6150:
6135:
6129:
6119:
6117:
6115:
6099:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6088:
6073:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6059:
6048:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6037:
6022:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6011:
5988:
5982:
5981:
5961:
5955:
5954:
5943:
5937:
5936:
5920:
5910:
5904:
5903:
5893:
5887:
5884:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5859:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5833:
5824:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5813:
5794:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5783:
5774:. Archived from
5768:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5742:
5736:
5722:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5711:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5659:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5633:
5627:
5626:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5588:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5577:
5568:. Archived from
5557:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5531:
5525:
5524:
5500:
5494:
5493:
5477:
5467:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5391:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5365:
5359:
5352:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5332:. Archived from
5326:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5310:on 15 March 2008
5306:. Archived from
5300:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5274:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5247:
5241:
5223:
5217:
5216:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5190:
5184:
5183:
5175:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5164:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5112:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5071:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5045:
5039:
5038:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5016:
4993:
4987:
4984:
4978:
4975:
4969:
4966:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4949:
4943:
4940:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4910:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4876:
4867:
4858:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4818:
4812:
4806:
4802:
4791:
4781:unter dem Label
4770:
4768:
4752:
4743:
4742:
4734:
4697:Wonneberg, Frank
4693:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4672:
4657:
4642:
4633:
4624:
4622:
4612:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4575:. Archived from
4559:
4553:
4552:
4532:turntable rumble
4502:. The result is
4488:Bobby Hutcherson
4402:
4396:
4393:High-Com II
4380:
4378:
4376:
4370:
4357:
4351:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4318:
4309:
4308:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4213:
4207:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4173:
4167:
4161:
4150:
4149:
4138:"The 45 Adaptor"
4134:
4123:
4122:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4084:
4078:
4075:
4069:
4062:
4056:
4048:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4030:
4017:
4009:
4000:
3999:
3990:
3988:
3968:
3962:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3847:Books.google.com
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3817:Books.google.com
3809:
3803:
3802:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3756:
3748:
3742:Songs By Sinatra
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3719:on 29 March 2007
3715:. Archived from
3703:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3572:Internet Archive
3551:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3474:
3468:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3425:
3419:
3412:
3406:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3368:
3362:
3355:Jacques Chailley
3352:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3314:
3308:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3238:
3231:
3220:
3211:
3210:
3202:
3196:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2970:. 17 July 2017.
2960:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2907:"licorice pizza"
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2790:Information Week
2784:
2778:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2729:. Archived from
2719:
2713:
2712:
2697:
2691:
2674:
2643:Record Store Day
2604:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2491:digital download
2439:compact cassette
2310:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2215:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2152:
2128:
2120:
2026:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1584:
1583:
1572:Standard formats
1560:Types of records
1550:
1544:
1531:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1392:, and sometimes
1391:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1339:Columbia Records
1299:Rosemary Clooney
1283:Columbia Records
1280:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1222:Columbia Records
1136:Columbia Records
1129:Columbia Records
1125:CBS Laboratories
1115:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1066:Peyton on Patton
1047:Record Store Day
958:Nutcracker Suite
932:Rhapsody in Blue
903:'s recording of
898:
897:
893:
890:
779:78 rpm materials
772:Great Depression
657:Western Electric
651:
648:
593:, controlled by
549:
546:
378:Columbia Records
330:
329:
325:
322:
316:
315:
311:
308:
302:
301:
297:
294:
288:
287:
283:
280:
274:
273:
269:
266:
255:rotational speed
205:compact cassette
175:
174:
151:
69:, especially in
21:
10357:
10356:
10352:
10351:
10350:
10348:
10347:
10346:
10302:
10301:
10300:
10295:
10272:
10270:
10261:
10165:
9993:
9932:
9852:
9847:Top of the Pops
9812:Musica e dischi
9764:
9649:
9613:
9533:Cassette single
9511:
9500:
9454:Record producer
9400:
9371:Radio promotion
9341:Music publisher
9326:Music executive
9321:Music education
9288:
9282:
9180:
9149:
9103:
9046:
9010:
8954:Representatives
8946:
8945:Major companies
8940:
8935:
8905:
8900:
8891:
8889:
8882:
8861:
8828:
8824:Laser turntable
8777:
8774:
8744:
8739:
8730:
8728:
8721:
8669:
8603:
8569:Record producer
8554:Mixing engineer
8527:
8474:
8440:MIDI controller
8415:Circuit bending
8396:
8338:
8315:
8291:Monitor speaker
8269:
8211:
8159:Recording media
8153:
8144:Music sequencer
8129:Monitor speaker
8075:Sound recording
8069:
8041:
8036:
8006:
8001:
7944:
7933:USB flash drive
7927:Toymax VJ Starz
7883:
7792:
7761:
7720:
7673:
7536:Philips EL 3583
7482:Cousino MR-9000
7470:Protona Attaché
7464:Philips EL 3581
7395:
7319:
7281:
7264:
7183:
7168:Loose magnetic
7163:
7120:
7098:
7027:
6939:
6927:Grooved surface
6913:
6876:
6870:
6775:
6770:
6758:(archived 2010)
6624:College Physics
6592:
6583:
6581:Further reading
6578:
6577:
6567:
6565:
6560:
6559:
6555:
6541:
6539:
6519:
6515:
6505:
6503:
6488:
6484:
6459:
6457:
6439:
6435:
6425:
6423:
6413:
6409:
6399:
6397:
6389:
6388:
6384:
6378:Wayback Machine
6372:. DJBROADCAST.
6368:
6364:
6358:Wayback Machine
6348:
6344:
6334:
6332:
6322:
6318:
6308:
6306:
6296:
6292:
6282:
6280:
6270:
6266:
6256:
6254:
6245:
6244:
6240:
6230:
6228:
6223:
6222:
6218:
6208:
6206:
6193:
6192:
6188:
6178:
6176:
6163:
6162:
6158:
6148:
6146:
6137:
6136:
6132:
6113:
6111:
6102:
6100:
6096:
6086:
6084:
6075:
6074:
6067:
6057:
6055:
6050:
6049:
6045:
6035:
6033:
6024:
6023:
6019:
6009:
6007:
5989:
5985:
5962:
5958:
5944:
5940:
5933:
5911:
5907:
5894:
5890:
5885:
5881:
5871:
5869:
5861:
5860:
5856:
5848:
5831:
5825:
5821:
5811:
5809:
5796:
5795:
5791:
5781:
5779:
5770:
5769:
5765:
5755:
5753:
5743:
5739:
5723:
5719:
5709:
5707:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5680:
5665:Physics. 4th ed
5660:
5656:
5646:
5644:
5634:
5630:
5623:Popular Science
5615:
5611:
5601:
5599:
5589:
5585:
5575:
5573:
5558:
5554:
5544:
5542:
5533:
5532:
5528:
5517:
5501:
5497:
5490:
5468:
5464:
5454:
5452:
5444:
5443:
5439:
5429:
5427:
5419:
5418:
5414:
5404:
5402:
5392:
5388:
5378:
5376:
5367:
5366:
5362:
5353:
5349:
5339:
5337:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5313:
5311:
5302:
5301:
5297:
5287:
5285:
5275:
5271:
5261:
5259:
5248:
5244:
5234:Wayback Machine
5224:
5220:
5207:
5206:
5202:
5191:
5187:
5176:
5172:
5162:
5160:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5136:
5134:
5125:
5124:
5120:
5110:
5108:
5098:
5094:
5084:
5082:
5072:
5068:
5058:
5056:
5046:
5042:
5029:
5028:
5024:
5014:
5012:
4994:
4990:
4985:
4981:
4976:
4972:
4967:
4963:
4955:
4951:
4950:
4946:
4941:
4937:
4927:
4925:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4897:
4895:
4878:
4877:
4870:
4836:
4834:
4819:
4815:
4804:
4785:
4766:
4764:
4753:
4746:
4728:
4711:
4694:
4687:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4651:
4640:
4634:
4627:
4606:
4596:
4592:
4582:
4580:
4560:
4556:
4452:Rimsky-Korsakov
4428:Zoltan Rozsnyai
4404:
4403:
4399:
4374:
4372:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4345:
4341:
4331:
4329:
4320:
4319:
4312:
4301:
4285:
4281:
4270:
4254:
4250:
4240:
4238:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4214:
4210:
4205:
4201:
4182:Popular Science
4174:
4170:
4162:
4153:
4136:
4135:
4126:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4105:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4072:
4063:
4059:
4049:
4045:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4003:
3986:
3984:
3969:
3965:
3956:
3952:
3942:
3940:
3933:Bigdamnband.com
3927:
3926:
3922:
3912:
3910:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3886:
3884:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3856:
3854:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3826:
3824:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3750:
3749:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3722:
3720:
3705:
3704:
3697:
3687:
3685:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3630:
3628:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3586:
3582:
3568:
3542:
3538:
3530:
3526:
3518:
3514:
3505:
3501:
3491:
3489:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3465:Wayback Machine
3452:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3413:
3409:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3369:
3365:
3353:
3346:
3336:
3334:
3321:
3318:Gennett Records
3315:
3311:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3278:
3274:
3264:
3262:
3261:. 78 rpm record
3257:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3229:
3221:
3214:
3203:
3199:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3144:
3140:
3130:
3128:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3098:
3096:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3065:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3034:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3010:
3008:
2991:
2987:
2977:
2975:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2945:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2915:
2913:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2865:
2863:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2805:
2801:
2793:. p. 176.
2785:
2781:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2742:
2738:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2684:Wayback Machine
2675:
2671:
2666:
2600:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2574:
2566:black and white
2562:
2557:
2529:
2482:
2407:
2397:
2354:
2323:
2317:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2280:
2241:
2234:
2225:
2216:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2153:
2151:
2141:
2129:
2118:
2072:
2053:
2046:
2024:
2021:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1979:
1973:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:(Extended Play)
1847:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1801:(Extended Play)
1793:12–15 min/side
1786:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1574:
1562:
1557:
1538:
1514:noise reduction
1500:
1480:vector addition
1460:
1439:
1433:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1356:introduced the
1285:reissue of any
1277:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1238:
1187:
1182:
1140:Waldorf-Astoria
1112:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1080:
1074:
1055:Good Vibrations
1029:My Girl's Pussy
971:
949:
937:George Gershwin
895:
891:
888:
886:
830:Gennett Records
826:Louis Armstrong
817:
781:
649:
635:
627:Louis Armstrong
623:Gennett Records
603:
547:
543:, manufactured
489:
484:
441:
405:
399:
390:
362:
327:
323:
320:
318:
313:
309:
306:
304:
299:
295:
292:
290:
285:
281:
278:
276:
271:
267:
264:
262:
197:
196:
188:
186:
185:
184:
183:
176:
165:
162:
155:
149:
144:
71:British English
42:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10355:
10345:
10344:
10339:
10337:Recorded music
10334:
10329:
10324:
10319:
10314:
10297:
10296:
10294:
10293:
10281:
10266:
10263:
10262:
10260:
10259:
10254:
10252:Surprise album
10249:
10244:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10224:
10219:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10199:
10194:
10189:
10184:
10179:
10173:
10171:
10167:
10166:
10164:
10163:
10158:
10153:
10148:
10143:
10142:
10141:
10136:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10115:
10114:
10104:
10103:
10102:
10092:
10091:
10090:
10089:
10088:
10083:
10078:
10073:
10068:
10060:
10059:
10058:
10050:
10045:
10040:United Kingdom
10037:
10032:
10027:
10022:
10011:
10005:
10003:
9999:
9998:
9995:
9994:
9992:
9991:
9984:
9977:
9970:
9963:
9956:
9949:
9940:
9938:
9934:
9933:
9931:
9930:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9910:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9869:
9867:
9860:
9854:
9853:
9851:
9850:
9843:
9836:
9829:
9822:
9815:
9808:
9801:
9794:
9787:
9780:
9772:
9770:
9766:
9765:
9763:
9762:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9742:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9719:
9714:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9694:
9689:
9687:Brasil Hot 100
9681:
9673:
9665:
9659:
9657:
9651:
9650:
9648:
9647:
9642:
9640:Music festival
9637:
9632:
9627:
9621:
9619:
9615:
9614:
9612:
9611:
9606:
9604:Music download
9601:
9596:
9591:
9586:
9581:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9561:
9560:
9559:
9545:
9516:
9514:
9506:
9505:
9502:
9501:
9499:
9498:
9496:Sound engineer
9493:
9492:
9491:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9466:
9461:
9459:Rhythm section
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9430:
9429:
9424:
9414:
9408:
9406:
9399:
9398:
9393:
9391:Talent manager
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9292:
9290:
9284:
9283:
9281:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9208:Easy listening
9205:
9200:
9194:
9192:
9186:
9185:
9182:
9181:
9179:
9178:
9173:
9168:
9163:
9157:
9155:
9151:
9150:
9148:
9147:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9117:
9111:
9109:
9105:
9104:
9102:
9101:
9096:
9091:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9054:
9052:
9048:
9047:
9045:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9018:
9016:
9012:
9011:
9009:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8957:
8955:
8948:
8942:
8941:
8938:Music industry
8934:
8933:
8926:
8919:
8911:
8902:
8901:
8887:
8884:
8883:
8881:
8880:
8875:
8869:
8867:
8863:
8862:
8860:
8859:
8858:
8857:
8852:
8842:
8836:
8834:
8830:
8829:
8827:
8826:
8821:
8819:Record changer
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8785:
8783:
8779:
8778:
8773:
8772:
8765:
8758:
8750:
8741:
8740:
8726:
8723:
8722:
8720:
8719:
8714:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8677:
8675:
8674:Related topics
8671:
8670:
8668:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8630:Lejaren Hiller
8627:
8622:
8617:
8611:
8609:
8605:
8604:
8602:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8589:Sound operator
8586:
8584:Sound follower
8581:
8579:Sound designer
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8539:Audio engineer
8535:
8533:
8529:
8528:
8526:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8484:
8482:
8476:
8475:
8473:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8406:
8404:
8398:
8397:
8395:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8357:Bass amplifier
8354:
8352:Mixing console
8348:
8346:
8340:
8339:
8337:
8336:
8331:
8325:
8323:
8317:
8316:
8314:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8277:
8275:
8271:
8270:
8268:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8221:
8219:
8213:
8212:
8210:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8163:
8161:
8155:
8154:
8152:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8095:
8090:
8088:Mixing console
8085:
8079:
8077:
8071:
8070:
8068:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8051:
8049:
8043:
8042:
8035:
8034:
8027:
8020:
8012:
8003:
8002:
8000:
7999:
7993:
7990:Timecode vinyl
7987:
7981:
7975:
7969:
7963:
7956:
7954:
7950:
7949:
7946:
7945:
7943:
7942:
7936:
7930:
7924:
7918:
7912:
7906:
7900:
7893:
7891:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7881:
7875:
7869:
7863:
7857:
7851:
7845:
7839:
7836:Super Audio CD
7833:
7827:
7821:
7815:
7812:Philips CD-BGM
7809:
7802:
7800:
7794:
7793:
7791:
7790:
7784:
7778:
7771:
7769:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7759:
7753:
7747:
7740:
7738:
7728:
7722:
7721:
7719:
7718:
7712:
7706:
7700:
7694:
7687:
7685:
7679:
7678:
7675:
7674:
7672:
7671:
7668:Pocket Rockers
7665:
7659:
7653:
7647:
7641:
7635:
7632:Steno-Cassette
7629:
7623:
7617:
7611:
7608:Grundig DeJ614
7605:
7599:
7593:
7587:
7581:
7575:
7569:
7563:
7557:
7551:
7545:
7539:
7533:
7527:
7521:
7515:
7509:
7503:
7497:
7491:
7485:
7479:
7473:
7467:
7461:
7455:
7449:
7443:
7437:
7431:
7425:
7419:
7413:
7406:
7404:
7397:
7396:
7394:
7393:
7387:
7381:
7375:
7369:
7366:Stripe magfilm
7363:
7357:
7351:
7345:
7339:
7332:
7330:
7321:
7320:
7318:
7317:
7311:
7305:
7299:
7293:
7286:
7283:
7282:
7280:
7279:
7272:
7270:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7262:
7256:
7250:
7244:
7238:
7235:Peirce 330/360
7232:
7226:
7220:
7214:
7208:
7202:
7195:
7193:
7185:
7184:
7182:
7181:
7178:Wire recording
7174:
7172:
7165:
7164:
7162:
7161:
7155:
7149:
7143:
7137:
7130:
7128:
7122:
7121:
7119:
7118:
7112:
7106:
7104:
7100:
7099:
7097:
7096:
7090:
7084:
7078:
7072:
7066:
7060:
7057:Pathé Actuelle
7054:
7048:
7042:
7035:
7033:
7029:
7028:
7026:
7025:
7019:
7013:
7010:Amberol record
7007:
7001:
6995:
6989:
6983:
6980:Salon cylinder
6977:
6967:
6957:
6950:
6948:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6937:
6930:
6928:
6921:
6915:
6914:
6912:
6911:
6905:
6899:
6893:
6886:
6884:
6878:
6877:
6869:
6868:
6861:
6854:
6846:
6840:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6818:
6812:
6806:
6800:
6794:
6788:
6782:
6774:
6773:External links
6771:
6769:
6768:
6759:
6749:
6739:
6725:
6714:Peter Copeland
6707:
6701:
6695:
6682:
6676:
6669:
6655:
6641:
6627:
6621:
6610:
6607:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6576:
6575:
6564:. CEDMagic.com
6553:
6513:
6496:Randy Collects
6482:
6442:Czukay, Holger
6433:
6407:
6382:
6362:
6342:
6330:The Tennessean
6316:
6290:
6264:
6238:
6216:
6186:
6156:
6130:
6094:
6083:. 19 July 1998
6081:news.bbc.co.uk
6065:
6043:
6017:
5983:
5972:(1): 110,112.
5956:
5938:
5931:
5905:
5902:. No. 86.
5888:
5879:
5854:
5819:
5789:
5763:
5737:
5717:
5685:
5678:
5654:
5628:
5609:
5583:
5552:
5541:on 9 June 2009
5526:
5515:
5495:
5488:
5462:
5437:
5412:
5386:
5360:
5347:
5321:
5295:
5269:
5242:
5218:
5200:
5185:
5170:
5144:
5133:. 4 April 2019
5118:
5092:
5066:
5040:
5022:
4988:
4979:
4970:
4961:
4944:
4935:
4905:
4868:
4861:tangential arm
4813:
4805:UCExpander.exe
4744:
4709:
4685:
4625:
4590:
4554:
4546:, rumble, and
4482:) 2. Mimosa (
4397:
4352:
4339:
4310:
4299:
4279:
4268:
4248:
4223:
4208:
4199:
4168:
4151:
4124:
4110:
4103:
4079:
4070:
4057:
4043:
4001:
3963:
3950:
3935:. 5 May 2011.
3920:
3894:
3864:
3834:
3804:
3790:
3764:
3730:
3695:
3665:
3656:
3647:
3638:
3605:
3598:
3580:
3566:
3536:
3524:
3512:
3499:
3478:"LPs historic"
3469:
3456:(1925-10-07).
3446:
3420:
3407:
3394:
3363:
3344:
3309:
3303:Rick Kennedy,
3296:
3287:
3272:
3250:
3212:
3197:
3184:
3159:
3138:
3106:
3074:
3063:
3044:
3018:
2985:
2955:
2923:
2898:
2873:
2848:
2836:Dictionary.com
2823:
2799:
2779:
2762:
2736:
2714:
2692:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2589:
2586:
2573:
2570:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2528:
2525:
2481:
2478:
2462:analog formats
2396:
2393:
2379:Nimbus Records
2353:
2350:
2316:
2313:
2279:
2278:Sound fidelity
2276:
2233:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2132:
2130:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2104:Following the
2071:
2068:
2045:
2042:
2020:
2017:
1975:Main article:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1948:
1915:
1914:
1898:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1858:
1852:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1807:9–12 min/side
1805:
1802:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1775:
1769:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1737:4–5 min/side.
1735:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1717:12-inch single
1712:
1711:
1708:
1692:
1686:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1636:
1631:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1573:
1570:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1499:
1496:
1459:
1456:
1432:
1429:
1411:45 rpm adapter
1237:
1234:
1230:Young at Heart
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1158:Arthur Fiedler
1073:
1070:
1063:Charley Patton
1051:The Beach Boys
970:
967:
948:
945:
816:
813:
806:price. Later,
780:
777:
643:Carl Lindström
634:
631:
617:, a member of
602:
599:
537:Antonio Scotti
505:Emile Berliner
488:
485:
483:
480:
453:Emile Berliner
440:
437:
401:Main article:
398:
395:
389:
386:
361:
358:
187:
177:
163:
158:
157:
156:
147:
146:
145:
143:
140:
126:, also called
93:storage medium
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10354:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10317:Audio storage
10315:
10313:
10312:1894 in music
10310:
10309:
10307:
10292:
10291:
10282:
10280:
10279:
10268:
10267:
10264:
10258:
10255:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10220:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10210:
10208:
10205:
10203:
10200:
10198:
10195:
10193:
10190:
10188:
10185:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10174:
10172:
10168:
10162:
10159:
10157:
10154:
10152:
10149:
10147:
10144:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10131:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10113:
10110:
10109:
10108:
10105:
10101:
10098:
10097:
10096:
10093:
10087:
10084:
10082:
10079:
10077:
10074:
10072:
10069:
10067:
10064:
10063:
10062:Nationality:
10061:
10057:
10054:
10053:
10051:
10049:
10048:United States
10046:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10028:
10026:
10023:
10021:
10017:
10016:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10006:
10004:
10000:
9990:
9989:
9985:
9983:
9982:
9978:
9976:
9975:
9971:
9969:
9968:
9964:
9962:
9961:
9957:
9955:
9954:
9950:
9948:
9946:
9942:
9941:
9939:
9935:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9870:
9868:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9855:
9849:
9848:
9844:
9842:
9841:
9837:
9835:
9834:
9833:Rolling Stone
9830:
9828:
9827:
9823:
9821:
9820:
9816:
9814:
9813:
9809:
9807:
9806:
9802:
9800:
9799:
9795:
9793:
9792:
9788:
9786:
9785:
9781:
9779:
9778:
9774:
9773:
9771:
9767:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9739:
9738:Rolling Stone
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9727:Oricon charts
9725:
9723:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9702:G-Music chart
9700:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9686:
9682:
9680:
9678:
9674:
9672:
9670:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9660:
9658:
9656:
9652:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9622:
9620:
9616:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9582:
9580:
9577:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9562:
9558:
9554:
9551:
9550:
9549:
9546:
9542:
9538:
9534:
9530:
9526:
9521:
9518:
9517:
9515:
9513:
9507:
9497:
9494:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9474:Backup singer
9472:
9471:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9419:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9410:
9409:
9407:
9403:
9397:
9396:Tour promoter
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9293:
9291:
9285:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9195:
9193:
9191:
9187:
9177:
9174:
9172:
9169:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9158:
9156:
9152:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9125:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9112:
9110:
9106:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9086:
9085:
9084:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9063:
9062:
9061:
9056:
9055:
9053:
9051:Record labels
9049:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9019:
9017:
9013:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8958:
8956:
8952:
8949:
8943:
8939:
8932:
8927:
8925:
8920:
8918:
8913:
8912:
8909:
8899:
8898:
8885:
8879:
8878:Vinyl revival
8876:
8874:
8871:
8870:
8868:
8864:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8847:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8837:
8835:
8831:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8814:Highway Hi-Fi
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8786:
8784:
8780:
8771:
8766:
8764:
8759:
8757:
8752:
8751:
8748:
8738:
8737:
8724:
8718:
8717:Vehicle audio
8715:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8686:High fidelity
8684:
8682:
8679:
8678:
8676:
8672:
8666:
8663:
8661:
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8656:
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8360:
8358:
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8353:
8350:
8349:
8347:
8345:
8341:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8326:
8324:
8322:
8321:Digital audio
8318:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8278:
8276:
8272:
8266:
8265:Tape recorder
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8235:Cassette deck
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8222:
8220:
8218:
8214:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8172:Magnetic tape
8170:
8168:
8165:
8164:
8162:
8160:
8156:
8150:
8149:Outboard gear
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
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8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8083:Audio channel
8081:
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8066:
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8014:
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8010:
7997:
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7991:
7988:
7985:
7982:
7979:
7976:
7973:
7970:
7967:
7964:
7961:
7960:Mini-cassette
7958:
7957:
7955:
7951:
7940:
7937:
7934:
7931:
7928:
7925:
7922:
7921:Takara E-kara
7919:
7916:
7913:
7910:
7907:
7904:
7901:
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7895:
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7890:
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7807:
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7799:
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7779:
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7770:
7768:
7767:Sound-on-film
7764:
7757:
7754:
7751:
7748:
7745:
7742:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7735:Magnetic tape
7732:
7729:
7727:
7723:
7716:
7713:
7710:
7707:
7704:
7701:
7698:
7695:
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7669:
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7642:
7639:
7638:Stenorette DL
7636:
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7630:
7627:
7624:
7621:
7618:
7615:
7614:Microcassette
7612:
7609:
7606:
7603:
7600:
7597:
7594:
7591:
7588:
7585:
7582:
7579:
7576:
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7570:
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7566:Micro pack 35
7564:
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7507:
7504:
7501:
7498:
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7492:
7489:
7488:IBM Magnabelt
7486:
7483:
7480:
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7471:
7468:
7465:
7462:
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7408:
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7402:
7401:Magnetic tape
7398:
7391:
7388:
7385:
7382:
7379:
7376:
7373:
7370:
7367:
7364:
7361:
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7352:
7349:
7346:
7343:
7340:
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7336:Blattnerphone
7334:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7328:magnetic tape
7326:
7322:
7315:
7312:
7309:
7306:
7303:
7300:
7297:
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7153:
7150:
7147:
7144:
7141:
7138:
7135:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7127:
7126:Sound-on-film
7123:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7107:
7105:
7101:
7094:
7091:
7088:
7087:Highway Hi-Fi
7085:
7082:
7079:
7076:
7073:
7070:
7067:
7064:
7061:
7058:
7055:
7052:
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6929:
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6900:
6897:
6894:
6892:(9th century)
6891:
6888:
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6885:
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6853:
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6817:
6813:
6811:
6807:
6804:
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6798:
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6789:
6787:
6786:Audacity Wiki
6783:
6781:
6777:
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6766:
6765:
6760:
6757:
6753:
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6747:
6743:
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6722:0-7123-0225-5
6719:
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6708:
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6696:
6694:
6693:0-304-29904-9
6690:
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6668:
6667:0-9634921-3-6
6664:
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6653:0-9634921-4-4
6650:
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6639:0-9634921-2-8
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6551:
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6517:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6492:"Vinyl Video"
6486:
6479:
6475:
6471:
6467:
6455:
6452:. LPGRON180.
6451:
6447:
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6422:
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5735:
5734:0-672-21983-2
5731:
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5721:
5705:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5689:
5681:
5679:0-471-19112-4
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5489:0-672-21983-2
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5228:
5225:Fritz, Jose.
5222:
5214:
5210:
5204:
5196:
5195:New Scientist
5189:
5181:
5174:
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5148:
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4776:
4771:. p. 4:
4762:
4759:(in German).
4758:
4757:"UC-Expander"
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4545:
4541:
4540:dynamic range
4537:
4536:noise pumping
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4520:surface noise
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4480:John Coltrane
4477:
4473:
4469:
4468:S.M.A. Sextet
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4444:Rákóczi March
4441:
4438:prelude) 2.
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3064:9780520051607
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2508:
2503:
2498:
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2492:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2458:digital audio
2454:
2451:
2448:In 1988, the
2446:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2405:Vinyl revival
2402:
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2380:
2374:
2367:
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2200:November 2019
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2189:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2161: –
2160:
2156:
2155:Find sources:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2133:This section
2131:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2106:vinyl revival
2102:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2070:Vinyl quality
2067:
2065:
2060:
2050:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2016:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2002:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1949:
1932:
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1930:
1927:
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1921:
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1814:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:Maxi Single,
1714:
1713:
1709:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1657:
1653:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1569:
1565:
1552:
1549:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1530:
1526:developed by
1525:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1445:High Fidelity
1438:
1437:High fidelity
1431:High fidelity
1428:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1415:David Sarnoff
1412:
1407:
1375:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1347:Frank Sinatra
1344:
1343:Frank Sinatra
1340:
1335:
1331:
1330:extended play
1322:
1318:
1316:
1315:Frankie Laine
1312:
1308:
1307:Frank Sinatra
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1287:Frank Sinatra
1284:
1265:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1247:
1242:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1226:Frank Sinatra
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1120:ZLP from 1948
1119:
1100:
1092:
1084:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1036:Rhino Records
1034:In the 1990s
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:Tin Pan Alley
1013:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1001:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
977:
966:
964:
960:
959:
954:
947:Record albums
944:
942:
941:Paul Whiteman
938:
934:
933:
926:
924:
920:
919:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:Frank Sinatra
884:
880:
876:
871:
869:
868:
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
842:
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
812:
809:
808:Decca Records
805:
801:
797:
794:or an exotic
793:
789:
784:
776:
773:
767:
765:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
735:
727:
722:
718:
716:
712:
711:
706:
701:
699:
695:
694:Alfred Cortot
691:
687:
683:
679:
674:
670:
666:
662:
661:Orlando Marsh
658:
645:AG, Germany,
644:
639:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
610:
608:
598:
596:
592:
584:
579:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
553:
542:
538:
534:
533:Enrico Caruso
529:
524:
519:
517:
512:
510:
506:
498:
493:
479:
477:
473:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
445:
436:
434:
430:
426:
425:Thomas Edison
421:
419:
415:
410:
409:phonautograph
404:
394:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
357:
355:
354:
353:broken record
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
260:
256:
252:
248:
241:
237:
233:
228:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
209:digital media
206:
202:
195:
193:
181:
161:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
102:
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
57:
53:
48:
44:
40:
36:
34:
19:
10283:
10269:
10247:Record sales
10212:Hidden track
10002:Achievements
9986:
9981:The X Factor
9979:
9972:
9965:
9960:Star Academy
9958:
9951:
9944:
9845:
9838:
9831:
9824:
9817:
9810:
9803:
9796:
9789:
9782:
9775:
9769:Publications
9737:
9697:Circle Chart
9684:
9676:
9668:
9630:Concert tour
9573:
9553:Double album
9479:Ghost singer
9464:Orchestrator
9449:Horn section
9376:Record label
9311:Distribution
9218:Experimental
9190:Major genres
9176:Ticketmaster
9124:iTunes Store
9081:
9080:
9058:
9057:
8976:Music Canada
8888:
8844:
8809:Seeburg 1000
8727:
8460:Sound module
8420:Drum machine
8362:Effects unit
8255:Player piano
8182:Compact disc
8166:
8104:Effects unit
7899:(late 1970s)
7798:Optical disc
7662:Picocassette
7658:(late 1980s)
7452:Saba Sabafon
7223:RCA MI-12877
7217:RCA MI-12875
7103:Grooved tape
7069:SoundScriber
7065:(late 1940s)
7051:Diamond disc
7038:
7032:Grooved disc
6934:Phonautogram
6902:Punched card
6762:
6745:
6727:
6709:
6703:
6700:Louis Barfe.
6697:
6684:
6678:
6672:
6658:
6644:
6630:
6623:
6613:
6602:
6596:
6566:. Retrieved
6556:
6540:. Retrieved
6536:the original
6529:
6516:
6504:. Retrieved
6500:the original
6495:
6485:
6477:
6458:. Retrieved
6436:
6424:. Retrieved
6420:
6410:
6398:. Retrieved
6394:
6385:
6365:
6345:
6333:. Retrieved
6329:
6319:
6307:. Retrieved
6303:
6293:
6281:. Retrieved
6277:
6267:
6257:22 September
6255:. Retrieved
6241:
6229:. Retrieved
6219:
6207:. Retrieved
6198:
6189:
6177:. Retrieved
6168:
6159:
6147:. Retrieved
6133:
6125:
6121:
6112:. Retrieved
6097:
6085:. Retrieved
6080:
6056:. Retrieved
6046:
6034:. Retrieved
6030:Deseret News
6029:
6020:
6008:. Retrieved
5996:
5986:
5969:
5965:
5959:
5941:
5916:
5908:
5897:
5891:
5882:
5870:. Retrieved
5866:
5857:
5841:
5835:
5822:
5812:26 September
5810:. Retrieved
5802:(IASA TC04)"
5799:
5792:
5782:18 September
5780:. Retrieved
5776:the original
5766:
5754:. Retrieved
5750:
5740:
5725:
5720:
5708:. Retrieved
5697:
5688:
5664:
5657:
5647:14 September
5645:. Retrieved
5641:
5631:
5622:
5612:
5602:14 September
5600:. Retrieved
5596:
5586:
5574:. Retrieved
5570:the original
5555:
5545:26 September
5543:. Retrieved
5539:the original
5529:
5505:
5498:
5473:
5465:
5453:. Retrieved
5449:
5440:
5428:. Retrieved
5424:
5415:
5403:. Retrieved
5399:
5389:
5379:26 September
5377:. Retrieved
5363:
5355:
5350:
5338:. Retrieved
5334:the original
5324:
5312:. Retrieved
5308:the original
5298:
5286:. Retrieved
5282:
5272:
5260:. Retrieved
5255:
5245:
5237:
5227:"180 grams "
5221:
5213:the original
5203:
5194:
5188:
5179:
5173:
5161:. Retrieved
5159:. 2 May 2019
5157:Making Vinyl
5156:
5147:
5135:. Retrieved
5131:Making Vinyl
5130:
5121:
5109:. Retrieved
5105:
5095:
5083:. Retrieved
5079:
5069:
5057:. Retrieved
5053:
5043:
5025:
5013:. Retrieved
5002:The Guardian
5001:
4991:
4982:
4973:
4964:
4947:
4938:
4926:. Retrieved
4917:
4908:
4896:. Retrieved
4883:
4835:. Retrieved
4826:
4816:
4772:
4765:. Retrieved
4714:
4710:3-89602226-1
4700:
4675:. Retrieved
4644:
4599:
4593:
4581:. Retrieved
4577:the original
4570:
4557:
4516:professional
4515:
4511:
4507:
4484:Dennis Irwin
4421:
4410:vinyl record
4405:
4400:
4373:. Retrieved
4368:the original
4361:
4355:
4347:
4342:
4330:. Retrieved
4289:
4282:
4258:
4251:
4239:. Retrieved
4236:Cedmagic.com
4235:
4226:
4217:
4211:
4202:
4185:
4181:
4171:
4163:
4141:
4113:
4089:
4082:
4073:
4065:
4060:
4051:
4046:
4033:. Retrieved
4019:
3995:vinyl record
3994:
3992:
3985:. Retrieved
3979:
3966:
3958:
3953:
3941:. Retrieved
3932:
3923:
3911:. Retrieved
3897:
3885:. Retrieved
3876:
3867:
3855:. Retrieved
3846:
3837:
3825:. Retrieved
3816:
3807:
3793:
3781:. Retrieved
3777:the original
3767:
3745:
3741:
3733:
3723:27 September
3721:. Retrieved
3717:the original
3710:
3686:. Retrieved
3677:
3668:
3659:
3650:
3641:
3629:. Retrieved
3618:
3608:
3589:
3583:
3575:
3570:– via
3547:
3539:
3531:
3527:
3519:
3515:
3510:, U.S., 1959
3507:
3502:
3490:. Retrieved
3481:
3472:
3453:
3449:
3437:. Retrieved
3423:
3415:
3410:
3402:
3397:
3385:. Retrieved
3366:
3358:
3335:. Retrieved
3326:
3312:
3304:
3299:
3290:
3281:
3275:
3263:. Retrieved
3253:
3241:. Retrieved
3234:the original
3225:
3206:
3200:
3192:
3187:
3175:. Retrieved
3171:
3162:
3151:
3141:
3129:. Retrieved
3118:
3109:
3097:. Retrieved
3086:
3077:
3053:
3047:
3035:. Retrieved
3021:
3009:. Retrieved
2998:
2988:
2976:. Retrieved
2958:
2946:. Retrieved
2935:
2926:
2914:. Retrieved
2910:
2901:
2889:. Retrieved
2885:
2876:
2864:. Retrieved
2860:
2851:
2839:. Retrieved
2835:
2826:
2818:
2812:
2802:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2765:
2753:. Retrieved
2749:
2739:
2731:the original
2726:
2717:
2704:
2695:
2687:
2672:
2629:
2575:
2563:
2542:
2522:
2515:
2505:
2502:Taylor Swift
2499:
2483:
2474:disc jockeys
2455:
2450:compact disc
2447:
2428:
2384:
2375:
2371:
2352:Preservation
2339:
2324:
2315:LP versus CD
2296:
2288:
2284:compact disc
2281:
2269:
2265:
2252:
2242:
2226:
2206:
2197:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2154:
2142:Please help
2137:verification
2134:
2103:
2096:
2073:
2061:
2057:
2038:Darcy Proper
2030:
2022:
2010:
2003:
1986:
1980:
1928:
1724:15 min/side
1710:22 min/side
1654:15 min/side
1566:
1563:
1534:
1521:
1518:
1501:
1484:
1477:
1472:stereophonic
1469:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1419:
1408:
1376:
1351:
1346:
1327:
1295:Tony Bennett
1291:Hall of Fame
1290:
1266:
1258:
1251:
1229:
1207:
1173:
1171:
1163:
1133:
1123:
1117:
1065:
1044:
1033:
1024:
1014:
1007:
1000:Leon Redbone
997:
989:Randy Newman
974:
972:
956:
950:
930:
927:
916:
875:Eddie Condon
872:
865:
845:Eddie Condon
834:
818:
803:
785:
782:
769:
761:
755:
741:
720:
714:
708:
702:
672:
669:vacuum tubes
654:
611:
604:
588:
557:
521:
513:
502:
487:Early speeds
469:
450:
422:
418:Thomas Young
414:tuning forks
406:
397:Predecessors
391:
369:
365:
363:
351:
349:
245:
217:disc jockeys
213:compact disc
198:
189:
127:
115:
105:
82:
78:
75:vinyl record
74:
66:
62:
60:
43:
32:
10342:Turntablism
10257:White label
10192:Backmasking
10009:Music award
9988:Rising Star
9784:HitQuarters
9663:ARIA Charts
9579:Eight-track
9564:Music video
9541:Maxi single
9489:Ghostwriter
9484:Vocal coach
9439:Disc jockey
9412:Arrangement
9381:Record shop
9351:Music venue
9346:Music store
9306:Disc jockey
9166:Live Nation
9161:CTS Eventim
9083:Independent
8701:Music store
8696:Home cinema
8655:Robert Moog
8640:Max Mathews
8564:Piano tuner
8532:Professions
8508:Scorewriter
8465:Synthesizer
8281:Loudspeaker
7709:PCM adaptor
7697:X80/ProDigi
7691:Soundstream
7578:Cantata 700
7548:Grundig En3
7342:Magnetophon
7229:Peirce 265B
7093:Bandai 8ban
6960:Graphophone
6748:, June 1949
6426:5 September
6199:Fortune.com
6114:12 December
5947:Negativland
5642:Stereophile
5482:–882, 897.
5111:17 December
5059:17 December
5015:9 September
4898:10 November
4827:Hifi-Museum
4786: [
4729: [
4652: [
4607: [
4548:groove echo
4504:High-Com II
4500:breathiness
4476:Impressions
4375:10 November
3972:Ben Sisario
3877:Cool78s.com
3843:"Billboard"
3813:"Billboard"
3783:19 December
3467:Front page.
3243:16 December
3011:13 February
2480:Revival era
2346:presbycusis
2326:Audiophiles
2116:Limitations
2088:RCA Records
1982:Flexi discs
1887:8 min/side
1876:7 min/side
1820:3 min/side
1817:78 rpm
1804:45 rpm
1774:(Long Play)
1734:78 rpm
1721:45 rpm
1691:(Long Play)
1539: [
1511:High-Com II
1492:Jack Wagner
1341:reissue of
1303:Johnnie Ray
1256:secretly.
1218:the Beatles
1210:Philippines
1185:Shellac era
1167:polystyrene
1154:Boston Pops
1144:78 rpm
1118:microgroove
993:self-titled
963:Tchaikovsky
909:Hammerstein
837:Milt Gabler
822:King Oliver
705:Wanamaker's
684:record was
650: 1930
572:stroboscope
548: 1908
350:The phrase
221:audiophiles
10306:Categories
10112:by country
10100:by country
9858:Television
9840:Smash Hits
9745:Sino Chart
9618:Live shows
9529:12" single
9417:Songwriter
9405:Production
9213:Electronic
9154:Live music
9015:Publishers
8996:PROMUSICAE
8855:production
8691:Home audio
8681:Audiophile
8498:GarageBand
8344:Live music
8286:Headphones
8250:Phonograph
8119:Microphone
8114:Headphones
8060:Electrical
8055:Mechanical
7915:Yaboom Box
7903:MP3 player
7897:Sound chip
7715:DA-88/DTRS
7530:Stereo-Pak
7428:Stenorette
7308:Synchrofax
7158:Fantasound
7152:Photophone
7045:Pathé disc
6908:Music roll
6882:Mechanical
6746:RCA Review
6474:VinylVideo
6126:Black-star
5710:20 October
5516:0240521773
5283:Music Ally
4512:audiophile
4492:transients
3556:. p.
3439:6 February
3327:Nick Lucas
2773:to supply
2664:References
2560:VinylVideo
2512:Jack White
2437:, and the
2399:See also:
2170:newspapers
2110:bioplastic
2034:Scott Hull
1651: rpm
1504:Telefunken
1425:videodiscs
1262:Format war
1198:RCA Victor
1156:conductor
1116: rpm
1076:See also:
1019:revivals,
678:electrical
671:(known as
665:microphone
495:Hungarian
472:RCA Victor
429:phonograph
420:in 1807.
382:informally
247:Phonograph
192:media help
101:phonograph
35:(magazine)
10177:Album era
10071:Brazilian
10043:(Females)
9974:The Voice
9947:franchise
9908:MuchMusic
9873:Channel V
9791:Hot Press
9777:Billboard
9685:Billboard
9677:Billboard
9669:Billboard
9537:CD single
9434:Conductor
9386:Road crew
9366:Promotion
9289:and roles
9171:LiveStyle
9108:Retailers
9071:Universal
8850:LP record
8455:Sequencer
8382:PA system
8311:Subwoofer
8296:PA system
8230:Amplifier
8192:Hard disk
8109:Equalizer
7996:VinylDisc
7842:DVD-Audio
7737:cartridge
7554:Sabamobil
7518:3M Scotch
7476:Fidelipac
7403:cartridge
7384:3/4" tape
7354:1/2" tape
7348:1/4" tape
7192:cartridge
7188:Magnetic
7146:Movietone
7140:Tri-Ergon
7134:Phonofilm
7115:Dictabelt
7081:Long play
7075:Audograph
6872:Physical
6227:. Nielsen
6209:8 January
6179:8 January
6005:0362-4331
5751:Eclectico
5106:Endgadget
5054:Pitchfork
5010:0261-3077
4664:0033-7900
4619:0033-7900
4418:Nakamichi
4350:, p. 205.
4332:4 October
4218:Billboard
4194:0161-7370
4021:Billboard
3987:8 October
3678:Naxos.com
2750:Billboard
2625:LP record
2517:Lazaretto
2500:In 2021,
2401:Album era
2044:Structure
1913:min/side
1790: rpm
1707: rpm
1587:Diameter
1532:(ZWT) of
1508:Nakamichi
1311:Doris Day
1078:LP record
1040:jukeboxes
913:Soliloquy
883:LP record
607:diaphragm
516:governors
423:In 1877,
347:, etc.).
242:, c. 1924
10290:Category
10134:by women
9967:The Four
9953:Popstars
9866:Channels
9798:Kerrang!
9427:Lyricist
9422:Composer
8782:Machines
8503:ProTools
8480:Software
8470:Theremin
8410:Chiptune
8367:Foldback
8197:MiniDisc
7978:CD Video
7909:HitClips
7866:BD-Audio
7860:DualDisc
7848:DataPlay
7818:MiniDisc
7596:PlayTape
7410:Optaphon
6974:Ediphone
6946:cylinder
6944:Grooved
6531:Techmoan
6454:Archived
6446:"Cinema"
6374:Archived
6354:Archived
6251:Archived
6203:Archived
6173:Archived
6169:BBC News
6149:10 April
6143:Archived
6108:Archived
5846:Archived
5806:Archived
5756:27 April
5704:Archived
5521:Archived
5425:Clir.org
5373:Archived
5288:12 April
5262:12 April
5230:Archived
5035:Archived
4928:10 April
4922:Archived
4892:Archived
4831:Archived
4761:Archived
4715:UC Vom
4699:(2000).
4668:Archived
4572:Techmoan
4528:crackles
4508:two-band
4385:subsonic
4326:Archived
4305:Archived
4274:Archived
4146:Archived
4026:Archived
3943:10 April
3937:Archived
3907:Archived
3887:10 April
3881:Archived
3857:10 April
3851:Archived
3827:10 April
3821:Archived
3753:cite web
3688:10 April
3682:Archived
3625:Archived
3492:10 April
3486:Archived
3461:Archived
3433:Archived
3387:23 March
3381:Archived
3331:Archived
3265:8 August
3131:21 April
3125:Archived
3099:21 April
3093:Archived
3069:Archived
3031:Archived
3005:Archived
2978:21 April
2972:Archived
2942:Archived
2727:Wired UK
2709:Archived
2680:Archived
2588:See also
2507:Evermore
2484:A niche
2419:DJ mixer
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10081:Italian
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10030:Germany
10025:Finland
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9089:Concord
8866:Related
8833:Formats
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8599:Tape op
8450:Sampler
7966:U-matic
7939:MicroSD
7726:Digital
7650:Elcaset
7560:8-track
7390:3" tape
7378:2" tape
7372:1" tape
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4958:. 1953.
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4035:22 June
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7878:MQA-CD
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