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Africa's
National Science Festival, was established in 1996 to promote the public awareness, understanding and appreciation of science, technology, engineering, mathematics and innovation. The town is also host to the Puku Story Festival since 2013 presented by the Puku Children's Literature Foundation. The festival was created in partnership with the National Arts Festival and the African Studies Department at Rhodes University with the aim to facilitate access to literature and educational/recreational materials in Xhosa.
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722:), launched an attack against the British garrison stationed at Grahamstown. The Xhosas had warned Colonel Willshire, the commanding officer, of their planned attack on the settlement. It was one of countless attacks launched on the nascent colony by the Xhosas. During the course of the battle, the British were running low on ammunition. The Xhosas, with a force of 10,000 troops under the overall command of
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report found that the municipality’s liabilities exceeded its assets by R813 million (equivalent to US$ 54.2 million) and that it has failed to keep full and proper records. By 2022 senior management was the subject of a criminal investigation and provincial government had to make quarterly reports to the
Supreme Court of Appeal on the municipality's financial recovery.
1973:(in layman's terms: a golden shield displaying, from top to bottom, three golden scallop shells on a black horizontal stripe, and three golden rings on a red triangle). The crest was changed to a plume of ostrich feathers issuing from a golden mural crown, and the supporters were differenced by placing an escallop on each shoulder.
1981:
In 2017, Makana Revive! an independent civil society organisation was formed. During the first quarter of 2018, Makana Revive made national news when it spearheaded an initiative to repair failing infrastructure and improve the security and hygiene in the CBD. Donations were received from both local
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and their families left farming to establish themselves in more secure trades. In 1833, Grahamstown was described as having "two or three
English merchants of considerable wealth, but scarcely any society in the ordinary sense of the word. The Public Library is a wretched affair". As of 1833, it was
1814:
was tasked with restoring the water supply of
Grahamstown following protests over a nine-day water outage. Causes for the outage include financial mismanagement, with under-spending on infrastructure. The task force established by Molewa had not solved the problem by 2014. A 2021 auditor-general's
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for the Albany
District. As a result of the presence of a High Court, several other related organs of state such as a Masters Office and a Director of Public Prosecutions are present in the town. A few other Government (mostly provincial) departments maintain branches or other offices in the town.
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The name "Grahamstown" originated from the Cape
Hottentot Corps in the Zuurveld's Commander of the Regiment, Colonel John Graham, who, in June 1812, oversaw the construction on the corps' new headquarters, located on the site of the present Church Square. Grahamstown went on to become a religious,
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Grahamstown grew rapidly to become the second-largest city in South Africa after Cape Town until 1930. The early 1860s saw the development of more schools, the botanical gardens, and the
Eastern District Supreme Court was established. In 1864, a full parliamentary session was held in Grahamstown,
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the
Grahamstown High Court became a Local Division of the newly formed Supreme Court of South Africa (under Cape Town). On 28 June 1957, the Eastern Districts Court, under the name Eastern Cape Division, became a provincial division. In certain other areas of provincial government, Grahamstown
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in the first term of the year and attracts some 50,000 people. The
National Arts Festival is the largest Arts festival in Africa and sees some of the leading talent on the South African and international art scene arriving in the town for a celebration of culture and artistic expression. South
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in the past two decades have sparked a global interest in the fossils of the
Eastern Cape Province and this has resulted in numerous international collaborations. These discoveries and collaborations have been made possible by the persistent work of Robert W. Gess of the Devonian Ecosystem
868:, Baptist, Pinkster Protestante, Dutch Reformed (Nederduits Gereformeerde Kerk), Charismatic, Apostolic and Pentecostal churches. There are also meeting places for Hindus, Scientologists, Quakers, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and Muslims.
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Arts and Culture Minister Nathi Mthethwa announced the name change from Grahamstown in the Government Gazette No. 641 of 29 June 2018. The purpose of gazetting was to publicise the minister's decision for objections or comments by 28 July 2018.
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still echoes in the provision of secondary education in this former frontier town, where significant discrepancies in matric pass rates and general quality of education exist. Addressing this problem is one of the town's greatest challenges.
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instead of Cape Town. There was talk of making Grahamstown the capital of the Cape Colony because of its central position. Grahamstown was the location of the testing of the first diamond find by Henry Carter Galpin.
1950:— In response to a call by the Cape Provincial Administration for municipalities to have their coats of arms checked and, if necessary, re-designed, the city council had a new coat of arms designed by
3024:
821:, in recognition of his failed attack against the settlement's garrison in 1819. On 2 October 2018, Grahamstown was officially renamed Makhanda in the memory of Makhanda, The Prophet.
817:
recommendation that geographic features, including geographical names, be renamed as a "symbolic reparation to address an unjust past", a proposal was for the town to be renamed after
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tactics, which included the burnings of Xhosa farms. By 1812, Graham had completed his assignment, and transformed Grahamstown into the central military outpost in the region.
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Grahamstown was the only settlement outside Cape Town to host a sitting of the Cape Colony legislature (a move to defuse a call for the creation of a separate colony).
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Gess, Robert W. (2002). "The Palaeoecology of a coastal Lagoon of the Witpoort Formation (Upper Devonian, Famennian) in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa".
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In 1904, Rhodes University College was established in Grahamstown through a grant from the Rhodes Trust. In 1951 it became a fully-fledged University,
669:. Initially Colonel Graham decided to establish his headquarters on the loan farm Noutoe, now known as Table Farm, but at the recommendation of Ensign
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2789:"Estuarine fish and tetrapod evolution: insights from a Late Devonian (Famennian) Gondwanan estuarine lake and a southern African Holocene equivalent"
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The town's name-change from Grahamstown to Makhanda was officially gazetted on 29 June 2018. The town was officially renamed to Makhanda in memory of
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Laboratory, Albany Museum, who has dedicated most of his life excavating and studying blocks of black shale that he, with later support from the
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In March 1984, the City of Grahamstown adopted a flag, one of six designs prepared by heraldic expert Prof. Hugh Smith, of Rhodes University.
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3267:"The medicinal use of some weeds, problem and alien plants in the Grahamstown and Peddie districts of the Eastern Cape, South Africa"
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to be forwarded to them from the Ordnance Stores. A reply came back, 'Buy vice locally'. The response was, "No vice in Grahamstown".
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1936:— The first arms were assumed in September 1862. They quartered an incorrect version of the arms of Graham of Fintry with those of
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The city is home to more than forty religious buildings and is nicknamed the "City of Saints". According to one story recorded by
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In October 2015, more than 500 people were displaced and more than 300 shops looted during a wave of xenophobic violence.
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2357:"DISA - Letter from the Town Clerk of the City of Grahamstown to the Secretary of the National Council of African Women"
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because it is believed to be effective. There are some plants which are popular with the indigenous people of the area.
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1940:(in incorrect colours), with an ostrich as a crest. The supporters were a leopard and a giraffe, and the motto was
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stationed in Grahamstown in 1846 who were in need of building tools. They sent a message to Cape Town requesting a
730:, were unable to overpower the garrison of some 300 men. Nxele surrendered and was taken captive and imprisoned on
677:. Construction on the new headquarters, located on the site of the present Church Square, thus began in June 1812.
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The following is a list of tower clocks in the town, with their location and if they are in working order:
962:, and the Institute for the Study of English in Africa. A number of palaeontological discoveries made from
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The Royal Engineers and settlement planning in the Cape Colony 1806–1872: Approach, methodology and impact
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This article is about the town in South Africa. For the prophet after whom the town has been renamed, see
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1998:
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as it has a diocesan cathedral, a high court and a university, and in years past, it was officially the
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estimated that the population of Grahamstown was approximately 6,000. In a few decades it became the
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was unable to reliably provide water to its citizens. The crisis continued to grow during 2013.
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As a major centre for journalism training, Rhodes University also hosts two student newspapers,
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2107:- Judge, Retired President of the Supreme Court of Appeal and Chancellor of Rhodes University.
1439:(known variously before 1939 as Victoria Boys' High School and the Grahamstown Public School)
609:. Furthermore, located approximately 3 km south-east of the town lies the world renowned
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2843:"2019 Archives - Fixing South Africa's public schools: lessons from a small-town university"
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Or, on a pile Gules, three annulets placed 2 and 1 Or; on a chief Sable, three escallops Or
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3117:"MAKHANDA CRISIS: Judge to oversee the financial recovery of 'failed' Makana Municipality"
767:, a district that was traditionally English-speaking and had a distinctive local culture.
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military, administrative, judicial, and educational centre for the surrounding region of
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site in the world from 360 million years ago with exceptional soft-tissue preservation.
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OHalloran, P. (2016). "Contested Space and Citizenship in Grahamstown, South Africa".
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Grahamstown had its own municipality until 2000. Since then, it has expanded into the
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census the population of the town was 67,264, of whom 78.9% described themselves as "
861:
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907:". Since 1994, there has been a considerable influx of black people from the former
127:: Makhanda seen from Fort Selwyn, City Hall, St Andrews College Tower, High Street,
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2129:– Physicist, born and educated in Grahamstown before moving to the United Kingdom
1959:
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was founded in 1870 by the Grocott family, and bought out a newspaper called the
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The town is home to the oldest surviving independent newspaper in South Africa.
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2458:"Grahamstown to be renamed after late Xhosa warrior & philosopher Makhanda"
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it was moved to the homestead of the loan farm De Rietfontein, belonging to
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2007:– medical doctor, naturalist, geologist, and member of the Cape Parliament.
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that amateur astronomer Galpin inscribed on the floor of the Meridian Room
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A Proper Degree of Terror: John Graham and the Cape's Eastern Frontier
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in 1852. It was traditionally the capital and cultural centre of the
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School of Journalism and Media Studies, and still retains its name.
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Van Rensburg, K. J.; Erskog, M.; Mthonti, F. (29 October 2015).
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569:. It is situated about 125 kilometres (80 mi) northeast of
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3169:"Where poverty meets xenophobia: Grahamstown, a city in crisis"
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Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat
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Thomas Henry Grocott 1838 to 1912 - founder and original owner
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began construction of the railway line linking Grahamstown to
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A view of St Michael and St George Cathedral in Church street
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Wesleyan Mission Premises, Graham's Town, South Africa (1846)
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has rescued from road cuttings from back in the mid- 1980s.
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as part of a campaign to secure the Eastern frontier of the
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2159:– Prime Minister of Rhodesia, student at Rhodes University
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In 1994, Grahamstown became part of the newly established
1722:'s treaty system and advocated seizing more land from the
3140:
2943:"A Quest for a Treaty Stockenstrom, Godlonton And Bowker"
2662:. Vol. 25. Philadelphia: E. Littell & T. Holden.
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Littell, Eliakim; Walsh, Robert; Smith, John Jay (1834).
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standing in front of the Grocott's Mail newspaper offices
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Two large festivals take place annually in the town: the
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inland. It was completed and opened on 3 September 1879.
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living in the region led by Ndlambe ka Rharhabe from the
2970:"The Rules of Precedent Applied in South African Courts"
2747:"Grahamstown to be renamed Makhanda after Xhosa warrior"
2511:"Wesleyan Mission Premises, Graham's Town, South Africa"
2432:"Grahamstown to be renamed Makhanda after Xhosa warrior"
2309:(PhD thesis). University of Pretoria. pp. xlv–lii.
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in 1819, he tried to escape but drowned in the attempt.
3025:"Rhodes University faces closure due to water shortage"
2171:– Founder, South African National Library for the Blind
581:, and the seat of the municipal council. It also hosts
718:, under the leadership of Nxele (or the Xhosa prophet
657:
Makhanda was founded as Grahamstown in 1812 after the
2179:
2945:. New History of South Africa. 2010. Archived from
1754:similarly served as a centre for the Eastern Cape.
3143:"Xenophobia in Grahamstown: 'We are not leaving!'"
2486:"Here's why Grahamstown has been renamed Makhanda"
2055:- politician, author, owner of Grahamstown Journal
841:The interior of St Michael and St George Cathedral
27:"Grahamstown" redirects here. For other uses, see
3980:Populated places in the Makana Local Municipality
2660:The Museum of Foreign Literature, Science and Art
2653:
2147:– Physicist, was born and educated in Grahamstown
3961:
3217:
3215:
3058:"Protests unlikely to dent ANC support at polls"
2991:Dyongman, Loyiso; Lang, Steven (20 April 2012).
2406:
2404:
2250:South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity
2031:– Union rugby player and international cricketer
952:South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity
692:. During the campaign, which formed part of the
2694:. Cape Town: Human & Rousseau. p. 71.
2679:. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 388.
2095:– Radio host, television presenter and comedian
680:As part of the campaign, Graham was ordered to
3342:The Rebellion of the Poor Comes to Grahamstown
3166:
2165:– television science and mathematics presenter
1726:. It is now a local newspaper operated by the
933:
573:and 160 kilometres (100 mi) southwest of
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2600:General South African History Timeline: 1800s
2563:
2401:
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3265:Dold, A. P.; Cocks, M. L. (September 2000).
3083:"Grahamstown not clear of water worries yet"
2990:
2787:Gess, Robert W.; Whitfield, Alan K. (2020).
2546:"Grahamstown | South African History Online"
2503:
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2328:
2326:
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1870:introducing citations to additional sources
661:as a military outpost by Lieutenant-Colonel
3606:Sarah Baartman District within South Africa
3353:Tabensky, Pedro Alexis (21 February 2011).
2620:
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2478:
1718:had used it and his other papers to oppose
1339:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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969:South African Roads Agency Limited (SANRAL)
914:homeland, which lies just to the east. The
746:Grahamstown grew during the 1820s, as many
3525:
3511:
3055:
2731:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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2019:– novelist and Rhodes University professor
1987:South African Unemployed Peoples' Movement
1810:In 2013, South Africa's minister of water
1177:Observatory Museum, not in working order,
696:, Graham ordered the adoption of numerous
561:, is a town of about 75,000 people in the
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1359:Learn how and when to remove this message
1144:Dutch Reformed Church, in working order,
974:The legacy of disparate education during
3352:
2718:Rhodes University 1904–1970: a chronicle
2666:
2475:
2349:
2061:– Engineer renowned for his work on the
1860:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1685:
984:
954:(formerly the JLB Smith Institute), the
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703:
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640:
3318:"Shattercat boosts pothole repair fund"
3195:"Play unmasks Grahamstown water crisis"
2993:"Water crisis continues in Grahamstown"
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1982:and international citizens and alumni.
1962:on 20 July 1950, and registered at the
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14:
3990:1820 establishments in the Cape Colony
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2777:London: Methuen & Co. Ltd. p. 161.
2714:
2689:
2656:"Wild Sports in the Cape of Good Hope"
2295:
2230:International Library of African Music
2213:
2077:– second Chief Justice of South Africa
1765:was chosen as the provincial capital.
956:International Library of African Music
3506:
3292:"Grahamstown - Heraldry of the World"
3167:O'Halloran, Paddy (27 October 2015).
3114:
3110:
3108:
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129:Cathedral of St Michael and St George
3985:Populated places established in 1812
3535:Sarah Baartman District Municipality
3224:Journal of Asian and African Studies
2967:
2893:Van Schalkwyk, Gilda (30 May 2006).
2430:Chabalala, Jeanette (29 June 2018).
2410:
1837:
1528:Single sex male (Co-ed. until Gr.4)
1337:adding citations to reliable sources
1304:
875:, The town earned its nickname from
846:St. Michael and St. George Cathedral
714:On 22 April 1819, a large number of
3316:MacLennan, Sue (13 February 2018).
2455:
2255:South African Library for the Blind
1989:has a strong presence in Makhanda.
1976:
815:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
780:developing national railway network
595:South African Library for the Blind
357:65.1 km (25.1 sq mi)
24:
3601:
3533:Municipalities and communities of
3483:Historical pictures of Grahamstown
3105:
2715:Currey, Ronald Fairbridge (1970).
2633:. New Africa Books. pp. 71–.
2533:
2413:Fort Hare University, South Africa
2135:– Cricketer and rugby union player
1111:High Court, not in working order,
1007:St Michael and St George Cathedral
607:6 South African Infantry Battalion
603:Anglican Church of Southern Africa
43:Town in Eastern Cape, South Africa
25:
4001:
3409:
3379:Thabo Jijana (10 February 2011).
3193:Pillay, Deneesha (10 July 2015).
3089:. 24 January 2014. Archived from
2576:. Ravan Press. pp. 103–125.
1992:
1042:City Hall, not in working order,
3381:"Bullets fly as township erupts"
3274:South African Journal of Science
3115:Ellis, Estelle (14 March 2022).
3033:. 15 August 2013. Archived from
2240:National English Literary Museum
2182:
2025:- South African Rugby Head Coach
1853:relies largely or entirely on a
1842:
1818:
1309:
948:National English Literary Museum
577:. It is the largest town in the
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2273:Some consider Makhanda to be a
2043:– Founder of Fairbridge Schools
1958:in 1950. It was granted by the
1833:
1512:St. Andrew's Preparatory School
886:
850:Anglican Diocese of Grahamstown
3056:Troye Lund (10 October 2013).
2867:Bakker, Jarig (7 March 2001).
2449:
2423:
2375:
2296:Robson, Linda Gillian (2011).
2267:
1749:With the establishment of the
944:National Library for the Blind
918:of 72.2% of the population is
796:
13:
1:
1744:
1710:, which was founded in 1831.
3464:Resources in other libraries
3440:Resources in other libraries
2869:"Grahamstown (South Africa)"
1828:traditional African medicine
1283:
29:Grahamstown (disambiguation)
7:
2895:"Arts, crafts and laughter"
2175:
1737:, established in 1947, and
1587:Victoria Girls' High School
1556:Private/public partnership
934:Education, arts and culture
824:
636:
386:1,000/km (2,700/sq mi)
10:
4006:
3355:"The Flames of Phaphamani"
2775:In Search of South Africa.
2692:Early Railways at the Cape
2515:Wesleyan Juvenile Offering
2013:– British theatre director
1714:, a previous owner of the
1300:
1249:chapel, in working order,
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365:580 m (1,900 ft)
33:
26:
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3545:
3488:SA Government Information
3459:Resources in your library
3448:By Makhanda, South Africa
3435:Resources in your library
2974:South African Law Journal
2721:. Grahamstown. p. 8.
2198:Makana Local Municipality
2029:John 'Jack' Biddulph Dold
2005:William Guybon Atherstone
1805:Makana Local Municipality
1794:Makana Local Municipality
1463:Diocesan School for Girls
741:
579:Makana Local Municipality
542:
530:
517:
500:
492:
481:
470:
459:
451:
443:
432:
417:
406:
395:
390:
382:
374:
369:
361:
353:
348:
340:
328:
316:
304:
284:
249:
153:
135:
67:
58:
48:
3236:10.1177/0021909616664920
2673:Roberts, Edmund (1837).
2383:"Grahamstown population"
2123:– Cricketer (allrounder)
1881:"Makhanda, South Africa"
1681:
1611:Victoria Girls' Primary
998:Clock towers in the town
778:on the coast and to the
772:Cape Government Railways
210:Show map of South Africa
180:Show map of Eastern Cape
2630:Battles of South Africa
2570:Maclennan, Ben (1986).
2387:World Population Review
2338:Sum of the Main Places
2133:Alfred Renfrew Richards
2093:Robert Jeremy Mansfield
1268:33.304345°S 26.530855°E
1232:33.307116°S 26.519446°E
1163:33.315030°S 26.530190°E
1097:33.313289°S 26.520440°E
1061:33.309337°S 26.527618°E
1028:33.310182°S 26.526593°E
3975:Cities in South Africa
3970:Makhanda, Eastern Cape
3607:
3493:National Arts Festival
3421:Makhanda, South Africa
2968:Kahn, Ellison (1967),
2235:National Arts Festival
2220:Diocese of Grahamstown
1952:Ivan Mitford-Barberton
1768:It is the seat of the
1697:
1290:National Arts Festival
1130:33.311285°S 26.52501°E
994:
842:
834:
755:'s largest town after
654:
646:
3921:Sunday's River Valley
3605:
2690:Burman, Jose (1984).
2627:Couzens, Tim (2004).
2121:Norman Ogilvie Norton
2059:James Henry Greathead
2049:– Botanist and banker
1770:Eastern Cape Division
1759:Eastern Cape Province
1751:Union of South Africa
1689:
1634:Oatlands Preparatory
1273:-33.304345; 26.530855
1237:-33.307116; 26.519446
1196:33.30990°S 26.52923°E
1168:-33.315030; 26.530190
1102:-33.313289; 26.520440
1066:-33.309337; 26.527618
1033:-33.310182; 26.526593
988:
840:
832:
710:Battle of Grahamstown
704:Battle of Grahamstown
652:
644:
613:, the only estuarine
587:Eastern Cape Division
269:33.31000°S 26.52667°E
2550:www.sahistory.org.za
2261:Notes and references
2203:Albany, South Africa
2075:Sir James Rose Innes
2047:Ernest Edward Galpin
1866:improve this article
1788:Municipal government
1720:Andries Stockenström
1537:Good Shepherd School
1333:improve this section
1213:, in working order,
1211:St. Andrew's College
1135:-33.311285; 26.52501
1078:, in working order,
1009:, in working order,
942:, the South African
938:The town is home to
922:, while 13.7% speak
852:. The town also has
671:Andries Stockenstrom
624:warrior and prophet
557:, formerly known as
391:Racial makeup (2011)
383: • Density
2462:EWN Eyewitness News
2363:. 26 September 1952
2279:City of Grahamstown
2214:Major organisations
2190:South Africa portal
2041:Kingsley Fairbridge
1969:The new arms were:
1966:in September 1994.
1708:Grahamstown Journal
1663:Non-denominational
1640:Non-denominational
1617:Non-denominational
1594:Non-denominational
1491:1876 (closed 1973)
1488:St Aidan's College
1445:Non-denominational
1412:St Andrew's College
1264: /
1228: /
1201:-33.30990; 26.52923
1192: /
1159: /
1126: /
1093: /
1057: /
1024: /
848:is the seat of the
274:-33.31000; 26.52667
265: /
3866:Boesmansriviermond
3608:
3393:on 29 January 2016
2873:Flags of the World
2793:Biological Reviews
2063:London Underground
1964:Bureau of Heraldry
1956:H. Ellis Tomlinson
1778:Magistrate's Court
1698:
1626:Single sex female
1603:Single sex female
1480:Single sex female
995:
843:
835:
655:
647:
493: • Other
444: • Other
375: • Total
354: • Total
240:Show map of Africa
125:Clockwise from top
36:Makhanda (prophet)
3957:
3956:
3416:Library resources
3087:The Oppidan Press
2905:on 31 August 2006
2805:10.1111/brv.12590
2640:978-0-86486-621-9
2583:978-0-86975-235-7
2521:: 86. August 1846
2456:Kubheka, Thando.
2346:from Census 2011.
2245:Rhodes University
2101:- Catholic Bishop
2037:– British actress
1931:
1930:
1916:
1776:, as well as the
1739:The Oppidan Press
1728:Rhodes University
1679:
1678:
1562:Kingswood College
1369:
1368:
1361:
1292:in June/July and
1247:Kingswood College
1076:Rhodes University
940:Rhodes University
891:According to the
791:Rhodes University
626:Makhanda ka Nxele
583:Rhodes University
552:
551:
16:(Redirected from
3997:
3691:Cape St. Francis
3560:Blue Crane Route
3527:
3520:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3479:
3478:
3476:Official website
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3389:. Archived from
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3350:
3344:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3271:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3219:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3112:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3093:on 9 August 2016
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3037:on 9 August 2016
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3005:on 8 August 2016
3001:. Archived from
2988:
2982:
2981:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2949:on 16 March 2014
2939:
2933:
2932:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2901:. Archived from
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2784:
2778:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2730:
2722:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2608:on 21 April 2019
2604:. Archived from
2594:
2588:
2587:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2542:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2507:
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2500:
2498:
2496:
2482:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2453:
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2444:
2442:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2408:
2399:
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2373:
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2368:
2353:
2347:
2336:
2319:
2318:
2302:
2293:
2281:
2271:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2151:Selmar Schonland
2083:– Legal academic
2053:Robert Godlonton
2023:Allister Coetzee
1977:Social movements
1948:Municipality (2)
1942:Virtute et opera
1938:Jan van Riebeeck
1934:Municipality (1)
1926:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1874:
1846:
1838:
1826:Some people use
1712:Robert Godlonton
1503:Single sex male
1454:Single sex male
1428:Single sex male
1371:
1370:
1364:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1313:
1305:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1265:
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1257:
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1197:
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1189:
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1123:
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1103:
1098:
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1067:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1017:
926:and 10.8% speak
726:'s warrior son,
659:Fourth Xhosa War
297:
295:
294:
280:
279:
277:
276:
275:
270:
266:
263:
262:
261:
258:
241:
230:
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143:
117:
108:
97:
88:
77:
46:
45:
21:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3915:
3911:Trappe's Valley
3842:
3808:
3745:
3672:
3615:Dr Beyers Naudé
3609:
3597:
3554:
3547:District seat:
3541:
3531:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3445:
3444:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3412:
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2709:
2702:
2688:
2684:
2671:
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2543:
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2524:
2522:
2509:
2508:
2504:
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2464:
2454:
2450:
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2438:
2428:
2424:
2409:
2402:
2392:
2390:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2364:
2361:disa.ukzn.ac.za
2355:
2354:
2350:
2337:
2322:
2300:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2284:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2216:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2145:Basil Schonland
2111:Charles Mullins
2071:– British actor
1999:Robert Armitage
1995:
1979:
1960:College of Arms
1927:
1921:
1918:
1875:
1873:
1859:
1847:
1836:
1821:
1803:From 2012, the
1798:Cacadu District
1790:
1747:
1684:
1672:Co-educational
1649:Co-educational
1578:Co-educational
1553:co-educational
1365:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1330:
1314:
1303:
1286:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1186:
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1178:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1000:
936:
903:" and 8.4% as "
889:
877:Royal Engineers
827:
799:
744:
712:
706:
639:
634:
538:
526:
453:First languages
292:
290:
273:
271:
267:
264:
259:
256:
254:
252:
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245:
244:
243:
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184:
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149:
148:
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131:
122:
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109:
100:
99:
98:
90:
89:
80:
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78:
63:
54:
51:
44:
39:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4003:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3941:
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3931:
3925:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3852:
3850:
3844:
3843:
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3835:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3755:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3736:St Francis Bay
3733:
3728:
3726:Paradise Beach
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3619:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3550:Port Elizabeth
3546:
3543:
3542:
3530:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:Scifest Africa
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:External links
3408:
3405:
3404:
3386:Grocott's Mail
3371:
3345:
3334:
3322:grocotts.co.za
3308:
3283:
3257:
3211:
3185:
3173:Daily Maverick
3159:
3147:Daily Maverick
3133:
3121:Daily Maverick
3104:
3074:
3062:Financial Mail
3048:
3016:
2998:Grocott's Mail
2983:
2960:
2934:
2929:grocotts.co.za
2916:
2885:
2859:
2834:
2799:(4): 865–888.
2779:
2763:
2738:
2707:
2700:
2682:
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2589:
2582:
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2265:
2264:
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2259:
2258:
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2237:
2232:
2227:
2225:Grocott's Mail
2222:
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2177:
2174:
2173:
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2115:Victoria Cross
2108:
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2072:
2066:
2056:
2050:
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2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1994:
1993:Notable people
1991:
1978:
1975:
1929:
1928:
1864:. Please help
1850:
1848:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1820:
1817:
1789:
1786:
1746:
1743:
1703:Grocott's Mail
1693:Grocott's Mail
1683:
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1443:
1440:
1437:Graeme College
1433:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:Private/Public
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1367:
1366:
1317:
1315:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1294:SciFest Africa
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1244:
1208:
1175:
1142:
1109:
1073:
1040:
999:
996:
935:
932:
916:first language
888:
885:
854:Roman Catholic
826:
823:
813:Prompted by a
798:
795:
759:. It became a
743:
740:
716:Xhosa warriors
708:Main article:
705:
702:
698:scorched earth
638:
635:
633:
630:
550:
549:
546:
540:
539:
536:
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528:
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323:Sarah Baartman
320:
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3779:Krakeel River
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3663:Steytlerville
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3653:Nieu-Bethesda
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3593:Somerset East
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2701:0-7981-1760-5
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2389:. 29 May 2024
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2209:
2208:1820 Settlers
2206:
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2201:
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2191:
2180:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2163:William Smith
2161:
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2100:
2099:Patrick Moran
2097:
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2087:Johan Klopper
2085:
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2036:
2035:Elize du Toit
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
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1949:
1945:
1943:
1939:
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1925:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1883: –
1882:
1878:
1877:Find sources:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1855:single source
1851:This section
1849:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1831:
1829:
1824:
1819:Social issues
1816:
1813:
1808:
1806:
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1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1657:P.J. Olivier
1656:
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1372:
1363:
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1338:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1318:This section
1316:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1277:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1212:
1209:
1205:
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1172:
1143:
1139:
1110:
1106:
1077:
1074:
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1041:
1037:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1003:
992:
987:
983:
980:
977:
972:
970:
965:
964:Waterloo Farm
961:
960:Albany Museum
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
910:
906:
902:
899:", 11.3% as "
898:
897:Black African
894:
884:
882:
878:
874:
869:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
839:
831:
822:
820:
816:
811:
807:
805:
794:
792:
787:
783:
781:
777:
773:
770:In 1872, the
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
748:1820 Settlers
739:
737:
736:Christmas Day
733:
732:Robben Island
729:
725:
721:
717:
711:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
651:
643:
629:
627:
623:
618:
616:
612:
611:Waterloo Farm
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
547:
545:
541:
535:
533:
529:
523:
520:
516:
512:
508:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
485:
482: •
480:
476:
474:
471: •
469:
465:
463:
460: •
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
436:
433: •
431:
427:
425:
421:
418: •
416:
412:
410:
407: •
405:
401:
399:
398:Black African
396: •
394:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
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309:
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289:
287:
283:
278:
250:Coordinates:
248:
222:
192:
162:
152:
142:
134:
130:
126:
116:
107:
96:
87:
76:
66:
62:
57:
47:
41:
37:
30:
19:
3876:Cannon Rocks
3871:Boknesstrand
3833:Riebeek East
3826:
3794:Stormsrivier
3711:Kruisfontein
3706:Jeffreys Bay
3548:
3539:Eastern Cape
3454:Online books
3447:
3430:Online books
3420:
3395:. Retrieved
3391:the original
3384:
3374:
3362:. Retrieved
3358:
3348:
3337:
3325:. Retrieved
3321:
3311:
3299:. Retrieved
3295:
3286:
3277:
3273:
3260:
3227:
3223:
3202:. Retrieved
3198:
3188:
3176:. Retrieved
3172:
3162:
3150:. Retrieved
3146:
3136:
3124:. Retrieved
3120:
3095:. Retrieved
3091:the original
3086:
3077:
3065:. Retrieved
3061:
3051:
3039:. Retrieved
3035:the original
3028:
3019:
3007:. Retrieved
3003:the original
2996:
2986:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2951:. Retrieved
2947:the original
2937:
2928:
2919:
2907:. Retrieved
2903:the original
2898:
2888:
2876:. Retrieved
2872:
2862:
2850:. Retrieved
2847:www.ru.ac.za
2846:
2837:
2796:
2792:
2782:
2774:
2771:Morton, H.V.
2766:
2754:. Retrieved
2750:
2741:
2717:
2710:
2691:
2685:
2675:
2668:
2659:
2649:
2629:
2622:
2610:. Retrieved
2606:the original
2599:
2592:
2572:
2565:
2553:. Retrieved
2549:
2523:. Retrieved
2518:
2514:
2505:
2493:. Retrieved
2489:
2465:. Retrieved
2461:
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2435:
2425:
2416:
2412:
2391:. Retrieved
2386:
2377:
2365:. Retrieved
2360:
2351:
2305:
2298:"Annexure A"
2291:
2278:
2269:
2069:Nigel Harris
2011:H. K. Ayliff
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1933:
1932:
1919:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1876:
1852:
1834:Coat of arms
1825:
1822:
1809:
1802:
1791:
1783:
1767:
1756:
1748:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1715:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1691:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1385:Denomination
1384:
1380:Year Founded
1379:
1374:
1355:
1346:
1331:Please help
1319:
1287:
1001:
989:Part of the
981:
973:
958:(ILAM), the
937:
890:
887:Demographics
873:H. V. Morton
870:
860:, Ethiopian
858:Presbyterian
844:
812:
808:
800:
788:
784:
769:
745:
713:
679:
656:
619:
567:South Africa
565:province of
563:Eastern Cape
558:
554:
553:
330:Municipality
311:Eastern Cape
299:South Africa
124:
40:
3896:Port Alfred
3881:Cuylerville
3827:Grahamstown
3804:Tweeriviere
3784:Louterwater
3638:Jansenville
3397:4 September
3364:4 September
3067:4 September
2878:28 November
2525:17 November
2344:Grahamstown
2141:, Cricketer
2139:George Rowe
2089:- Cricketer
2017:Andre Brink
2001:– cricketer
1812:Edna Molewa
1271: /
1235: /
1199: /
1166: /
1133: /
1100: /
1064: /
1031: /
797:Name change
776:Port Alfred
765:Albany area
753:Cape Colony
675:Lucas Meyer
667:Cape Colony
663:John Graham
653:Fort Selwyn
575:East London
559:Grahamstown
519:Postal code
341:Established
272: /
53:Grahamstown
18:Grahamstown
3964:Categories
3856:Alexandria
3829:(Makhanda)
3769:Joubertina
3764:Coldstream
3721:Oyster Bay
3701:Humansdorp
3668:Willowmore
3588:Petersburg
3573:Kommadagga
3553:(Gqeberha)
3359:libcom.org
3280:: 467–473.
3199:HeraldLIVE
3178:30 October
3152:30 October
2953:14 January
2925:"About us"
2899:Daily News
2495:5 December
2315:2263/26503
2169:Josie Wood
2153:– Botanist
2127:Mike Pentz
1892:newspapers
1774:High Court
1745:Government
1666:Afrikaans
1569:Methodist
1259:26°31′51″E
1256:33°18′16″S
1223:26°31′10″E
1220:33°18′26″S
1187:26°31′45″E
1184:33°18′36″S
1154:26°31′49″E
1151:33°18′54″S
1121:26°31′30″E
1118:33°18′41″S
1088:26°31′14″E
1085:33°18′48″S
1052:26°31′39″E
1049:33°18′34″S
1019:26°31′36″E
1016:33°18′37″S
694:Xhosa Wars
591:High Court
370:Population
260:26°31′36″E
257:33°18′36″S
3906:Southwell
3822:Alicedale
3774:Kareedouw
3751:Kou-Kamma
3741:Thornhill
3686:Aston Bay
3643:Klipplaat
3578:Middleton
3568:Cookhouse
3301:4 January
3252:151789387
3244:0021-9096
3230:: 20–33.
2909:4 January
2829:211122587
2813:1464-7931
2727:cite book
2467:19 August
2441:19 August
2157:Ian Smith
2117:recipient
2105:Lex Mpati
1922:June 2017
1862:talk page
1544:Anglican
1519:Anglican
1471:Anglican
1465:(D.S.G.)
1419:Anglican
1349:June 2017
1320:does not
1284:Festivals
976:Apartheid
924:Afrikaans
866:Methodist
862:Episcopal
761:bishopric
757:Cape Town
599:a diocese
544:Area code
502:Time zone
473:Afrikaans
362:Elevation
3949:Paterson
3944:Kirkwood
3901:Seafield
3861:Bathurst
3799:Thornham
3759:Clarkson
3731:Patensie
3658:Rietbron
3628:Adendorp
3623:Aberdeen
3583:Pearston
3126:14 March
2821:32059074
2773:, 1948.
2612:12 March
2176:See also
1761:, while
1735:Activate
1643:English
1620:English
1597:English
1581:Private
1572:English
1547:English
1531:Private
1522:English
1506:Private
1497:English
1483:Private
1474:English
1448:English
1431:Private
1422:English
1390:Language
991:analemma
901:Coloured
825:Religion
819:Makhanda
728:Mdushane
720:Makhanda
690:Zuurveld
637:Founding
597:(SALB),
571:Gqeberha
555:Makhanda
521:(street)
409:Coloured
318:District
306:Province
234:Makhanda
204:Makhanda
174:Makhanda
50:Makhanda
3934:Coerney
3886:Kasouga
3848:Ndlambe
3789:Misgund
3648:Kendrew
3327:8 April
3204:11 June
3097:11 June
3041:11 June
3009:11 June
2756:21 July
2555:19 July
2419:: 1–14.
2367:15 July
2081:AJ Kerr
2065:railway
1906:scholar
1796:in the
1772:of the
1716:Journal
1675:Public
1652:Public
1629:Public
1606:Public
1494:Jesuit
1457:Public
1341:removed
1326:sources
1301:Schools
928:English
724:Ndlambe
684:20,000
632:History
601:of the
589:of the
484:English
286:Country
3814:Makana
3716:Loerie
3696:Hankey
3418:about
3296:ngw.nl
3250:
3242:
2852:6 June
2827:
2819:
2811:
2751:News24
2698:
2637:
2580:
2436:News24
2393:29 May
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1879:
1763:Bhisho
1400:Gender
1395:Grades
1375:School
950:, the
946:, the
909:Ciskei
804:Albany
742:Growth
615:fossil
605:, and
593:, the
585:, the
532:PO box
455:(2011)
420:Indian
378:67,264
335:Makana
296:
3838:Salem
3678:Kouga
3270:(PDF)
3248:S2CID
2980:: 308
2825:S2CID
2340:Rhini
2301:(PDF)
1913:JSTOR
1899:books
1724:Xhosa
1682:Press
1669:0–12
1660:1956
1637:1949
1614:1945
1600:8–12
1591:1897
1575:0–12
1566:1894
1541:1884
1516:1885
1500:?–12
1477:4–12
1468:1874
1451:0–12
1442:1873
1425:8–12
1416:1855
920:Xhosa
912:Xhosa
905:White
734:. On
686:Xhosa
682:clear
622:Xhosa
507:UTC+2
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