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began even before the security belt and handcuffs were removed. The beatings were usually administered by three or four officers wielding rubber batons. The prisoner was taken into a yard, ordered to strip, searched, and then the biff began. The word biff by no means describes the brutal beating which ensued. A former prison officer, Mr J.J. Pettit, described it: sometimes three, four or five of them would assault the prisoner with their batons to a condition of semi-consciousness. On occasions the prisoner urinates, and his nervous system ceases to function normally'. If most of the prisoners are to be believed, the officers had no compunction about beating them around their backs and heads; nor were they averse to kicking them when they were on the ground. They invariably abused them while they were hitting them, calling them 'bastards', 'cunts' and other abusive names. Sometimes they threatened to kill them.
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29:
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separate cell ranges, exercise yards, bath houses and hospital facilities. The (former) male cell range is largely intact. Workshop and kitchen facilities were incorporated in a new range adjacent to the male cell block. The Prison
Governor's residence (now Administration block) was located outside the compound wall, adjacent to the main gatehouse. This building features polychromatic
540:, tuck pointing and some sandstone detailing. Brick, with a sandstone trim and terracotta tiles, all characteristic materials of the Federation period, were used throughout the complex, the level of detail depending on the function of the building. The complex has been extended to one side. New watch towers have been built however elements of the original towers remain intact.
390:
The current
Grafton Gaol complex is the third gaol to be constructed to serve the town of Grafton. Correctional facilities were first established in Grafton in 1862 under the supervision of the Office of the Sheriff accommodating up to 48 inmates. A second complex was established but did not contain
535:
archway and elaborate panelled doors. A Range building was constructed within the compound, adjacent to the gatehouse to provide facilities for the prison officers and visitors. A sterile zone separated the cell ranges from the prison walls. Male and female prisoners were completely segregated with
446:
It is the view of the
Commission that every prison officer who served at Grafton during the time it was used as a gaol for intractables must have known of its brutal regime. The majority of them, if not all, would have taken part in the illegal assaults on prisoners. In some instances, the beatings
475:
The
Grafton Gaol was officially abolished by proclamation from 18 December 1991, and was converted to a Periodic Detention Centre in the same proclamation. The remaining prisoners were removed and the new centre received its first detainees on 8 May 1992. The gaol's name was changed to the Grafton
548:
The
Grafton Gaol complex is significant as it demonstrates the development of the philosophy regarding prison architecture in NSW and the confinement of prisoners in the late nineteenth century. It is one of few gaol complexes designed by private architects in Australia. It is one of few known
549:
examples of the work of Henry
Wiltshire. It continues the features of gaol design developed by the Colonial (later Government) Architects branch. It is one of the few public buildings designed by competition in the late nineteenth century; its design utilises characteristic materials of the
415:
By 1924, the gaol had been reclassified as a maximum security prison; reverted to medium security by about 1945. After 1942, increasing tensions in the state's prisons and a number of serious assaults on prison officers led to
Grafton Gaol being used to house the most
406:
won the
Grafton Gaol competition with a design following trends already evident in the gaols designed by the Colonial Architect. The design consisted of a square compound, with brick walls, with an elaborate gatehouse, featuring a
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1371:
411:
parapet, a sandstone archway and elaborate panelled doors. The gaol was built by the
Holloway Bros. and proclaimed on 8 September 1893. Prisoners were transferred to the new facility in November of the same year.
502:
In 2011 there was contention over the future of
Grafton Correctional Centre, with some suggesting its closure or privatisation. The women's wing was shut in November 2011, with female inmates transferred to the
526:
Grafton Gaol Complex originally consisted of a square compound, with brick walls, with one elaborate gatehouse providing access for staff, visitors and prisoners alike. The gatehouse features a machicolated
585: – an Australian bank robber and New South Wales' most notorious prison escape artist. Dugan spent 44 years in various prisons in New South Wales including Grafton Correctional Centre.
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507:. In June 2012 the O'Farrell government decided to downgrade the facility to house up to 64 inmates who are taken into custody or are currently in custody and need to attend court in the
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In June 2010 an inmate was found bleeding to death in his cell. He died several days later in a Brisbane hospital. Serving time for traffic offences, a coronial
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heard that threats were made against the prisoner's life by his cellmate whose sleep was disturbed by snoring. Prison officials were criticised when
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A permanent facility was not established until 1893. During the early 1890s, the design of public buildings was not automatically given to the
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footage revealed that the inmate's calls for help were ignored by prison officers and the officers failed to render first aid.
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Kevin Simmonds – a thief and gaol escapee, found hanged in Grafton Gaol in 1966, serving life for manslaughter
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591: – a convicted rapist and murderer, died in Grafton Correctional Centre in 2003, serving life imprisonment.
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to oversee reforms to the Australian penal system. As best described by Justice Nagle during proceedings of the
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Grafton Gaol closed in August 2019 as planned after a considerable investment was made in the nearby
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published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under
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and problems at other correctional facilities during the 1970s resulted in the appointment of
403:
265:
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Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
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Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
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8:
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355:
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830:
Grabosky, P. N. (May 1989). "2: The abuse of prisoners in New South Wales 1943–76".
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1224:
NSW Department of Corrective Services: Interim Heritage and Conservation Register
683:
569:
508:
347:
214:
1729:
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741:
488:, distributed by national charities to alleviate the hardship of homelessness.
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period. Its construction is related to the growth and expansion of Grafton.
28:
1659:
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465:
834:
Wayward Governance : Illegality and its Control in the Public Sector
582:
469:
1215:
NSW Department of Corrective Services Heritage and Conservation Register
1143:
588:
452:
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537:
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1015:"Inmates hear of cuts to inside jobs at Grafton before the wardens"
811:. Australia: Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 7 November 2005
528:
492:
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Labor government began prison reform under the leadership of Dr
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399:
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34:
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877:. Australian Catholic University. Winter 2008. Archived from
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the required number of cells, was floodprone and unhygienic.
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496:
200:
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1067:. Community Relations Division, NSW Department of Justice
682:. The University of New South Wales. 2010. Archived from
1152:. Vol. 16. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
902:"Death of traffic offender in custody at Grafton jail"
16:
Heritage-listed building in New South Wales, Australia
805:"Chronology – A History of Australian Prison Reform"
602:
366:. In its last correctional use, the centre detained
831:
676:"Key moments in Penal Culture in NSW 1970–present"
838:. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.
1806:
984:
926:
484:Inmates from the centre make padded, waterproof
1115:
955:
829:
518:, which was officially opened on 25 July 2020.
1241:This Knowledge article contains material from
556:Grafton Correctional Centre was listed on the
1314:
707:
705:
703:
701:
334:is a heritage-listed former medium security
1118:"Killer Lawson dies after 50 years in jail"
656:. Government of New South Wales. 8 May 1992
576:, jailed between 2009 and 2011 for dealing
1321:
1307:
867:"Sleepers wake in support of homelessness"
360:Department of Attorney General and Justice
1206:New Gaol: Many EIS conclusions questioned
1061:"Grafton prison closes as Clarence opens"
698:
1487:Metropolitan Remand and Reception Centre
771:Department of Planning & Environment
723:Department of Planning & Environment
464:Accepting the Nagle Report in 1978, the
350:, Australia. The centre was operated by
1830:New South Wales State Heritage Register
1247:New South Wales State Heritage Register
1093:. AAP. 20 November 2011. Archived from
1033:
899:
766:New South Wales State Heritage Register
718:New South Wales State Heritage Register
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
558:New South Wales State Heritage Register
380:New South Wales State Heritage Register
374:prisoners under New South Wales and/or
1835:Government buildings completed in 1893
1807:
1222:State Projects Heritage Group (1995).
1213:State Projects Heritage Group (1995).
1141:
759:
711:
1769:Department of Communities and Justice
1302:
755:
753:
479:
1116:Sutton, Candace (30 November 2003).
1087:"Nathan Baggaley released from jail"
985:Deefholts, Terry (3 November 2011).
927:Deefholts, Terry (11 October 2011).
633:
563:
521:
1279:Grafton Intake and Transient Centre
958:"Future of Grafton Jail questioned"
956:Stevens, Rodney (28 October 2011).
668:
654:State Records Archives Investigator
572: – a former Olympic
543:
505:Mid North Coast Correctional Centre
332:Grafton Intake and Transient Centre
207:Grafton Intake and Transient Centre
174:Grafton Intake and Transient Centre
22:Grafton Intake and Transient Centre
13:
1197:
1149:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1144:"Simmonds, Kevin John (1935–1966)"
750:
338:for males and females, located in
14:
1846:
1259:
1036:"Repurposing of Old Grafton Gaol"
929:"Evidence 'deleted' in Klum case"
378:legislation. It was added to the
282:New South Wales Heritage Register
1825:1893 establishments in Australia
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1236:
782:
735:
605:
199:
192:
27:
1135:
1109:
1079:
1053:
1034:Mowbray, Lynne (28 July 2021).
1027:
1007:
978:
949:
459:, Nagle Royal Commission, 1978.
398:, but was open to competition.
1231:
1154:Australian National University
920:
893:
859:
823:
797:
680:The Australian Prisons Project
1:
761:"Grafton Correctional Centre"
713:"Grafton Correctional Centre"
626:
364:Government of New South Wales
1256:, accessed on 2 June 2018.
1245:, entry number 00809 in the
516:Clarence Correctional Centre
148:Grafton Correctional Centre
7:
1272:Grafton Correctional Centre
1243:Grafton Correctional Centre
1040:Clarence Valley Independent
598:
328:Grafton Correctional Centre
292:Grafton Correctional Centre
108:Medium/minimum (males only)
10:
1851:
1815:Prisons in New South Wales
1796:List of Australian prisons
385:
124:8 September 1893
1792:
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1367:Compulsory Drug Treatment
1344:
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1020:The Sydney Morning Herald
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252:trim and terracotta tiles
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1820:Grafton, New South Wales
1764:Australian Defence Force
987:"Women's jail wing shut"
81:29.676647°S 152.940196°E
51:Grafton, New South Wales
1329:Places of detention in
1204:Helisma, Geoff (2016).
621:Punishment in Australia
352:Corrective Services NSW
344:Clarence Valley Council
257:Design and construction
163:Corrective Services NSW
613:New South Wales portal
462:
440:Nagle Royal Commission
86:-29.676647; 152.940196
1142:Gollan, Anne (2002).
476:Correctional Centre.
444:
404:Henry Austin Wilshire
266:Henry Austin Wilshire
1274:at Wikimedia Commons
396:Government Architect
33:The heritage-listed
1774:GEO Group Australia
1507:Silverwater Women's
1091:Townsville Bulletin
908:. Australia: ABC TV
442:(1976–1978):
326:, later called the
230:Architectural style
225:General information
77: /
23:
1586:Federal facilities
1497:Outer Metropolitan
1065:justice.nsw.gov.au
992:The Daily Examiner
963:The Daily Examiner
934:The Daily Examiner
480:Later developments
305:Reference no.
21:
1802:
1801:
1779:MTC-Broadspectrum
1607:Closed facilities
1581:
1580:
1412:Forensic Hospital
1270:Media related to
1163:978-0-522-84459-7
564:Notable prisoners
560:on 2 April 1999.
522:Historic features
382:on 2 April 1999.
320:
319:
240:Technical details
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1338:State facilities
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881:on 18 April 2012
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544:Heritage listing
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1198:Further reading
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686:on 9 April 2013
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570:Nathan Baggaley
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1097:on 9 July 2013
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650:"Grafton Gaol"
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1643:Cootamundra
1452:Kirkconnell
1442:John Morony
1377:Broken Hill
1232:Attribution
906:7.30 Report
815:19 November
583:Darcy Dugan
470:Tony Vinson
420:prisoners.
418:intractable
322:The former
150:(1992–2012)
144:(1893–1991)
136:Former name
100:Operational
84: /
72:152°56′25″E
59:Coordinates
53:, Australia
1809:Categories
1794:See also:
1737:Wollongong
1705:Parramatta
1678:Juniperina
1651:Deniliquin
1637:Condobolin
1593:Holsworthy
1527:Wellington
1512:St Heliers
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1407:Emu Plains
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627:References
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1536:Juveniles
1472:Mary Wade
1467:Macquarie
1432:Illawarra
1402:Dillwynia
1397:Shortland
1251:CC-BY 4.0
1172:1833-7538
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789:CC-BY 4.0
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1462:Long Bay
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1628:Bombala
1625:Biloela
1558:Kariong
1517:Tabulam
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1457:Lithgow
1437:Ivanhoe
1357:Berrima
1254:licence
792:licence
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578:ecstasy
529:parapet
493:inquest
429:Justice
386:History
362:of the
358:of the
340:Grafton
169:Website
126: (
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1548:Cobham
1543:Acmena
1492:Oberon
1477:Mannus
1427:Hunter
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400:Sydney
372:remand
356:agency
336:prison
121:Opened
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1784:Serco
1749:Young
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1655:Dubbo
1568:Reiby
1563:Orana
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999:7 May
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690:4 May
660:5 May
453:Nagle
308:00809
1746:Yass
1622:Bega
1291:.gov
1289:.nsw
1187:2020
1176:OCLC
1168:ISSN
1158:ISBN
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1103:2012
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