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387:. The Fresno Scraper is a machine pulled by horses used for constructing canals and ditches in sandy soil. The design of the Fresno Scraper forms the basis of most modern earthmoving scrapers, having the ability to scrape and move a quantity of soil, and also to discharge it at a controlled depth, thus quadrupling the volume which could be handled manually. The Fresno scraper was invented in 1883 by James Porteous. Working with farmers in Fresno, California, he had recognised the dependence of the Central San Joaquin Valley on irrigation, and the need for a more efficient means of constructing canals and ditches in the sandy soil. In perfecting the design of his machine, Porteous made several revisions on his own and also traded ideas with William Deidrick, Frank Dusy, and Abijah McCall, who invented and held patents on similar scrapers.
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graders grow in size and productivity. The first self-propelled grader was made in 1920 by the
Russell Grader Manufacturing Company, which called it the Russell Motor Hi-Way Patrol. These early graders were created by adding the grader blade as an attachment to a generalist tractor unit. After
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between the front and rear axles, which allows a smaller turning radius in addition to allowing the operator to adjust the articulation angle to aid in the efficiency of moving material. Other implement functions are typically hydraulically powered and can be directly controlled by
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surfaces for drainage or safety. They may be used to produce drainage ditches with shallow V-shaped cross-sections on either side of highways.
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rear axles. Some graders also have front-wheel drives for improved performance. Some graders have optional rear attachments, such as a
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tracks with wheels to yield the first rubber-tire self-propelled grader, the
Caterpillar Auto Patrol, released in 1931.
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guidance to establish precise grade control and (potentially) "stateless" construction. Manufacturers such as
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In addition to their use in road construction, graders may also be used to perform roughly equivalent work.
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Graders are also outfitted with modern digital grade control technologies, such as those manufactured by
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capable of controlling both the angle and cant of the front wheels. Many models also allow frame
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Capacities range from a blade width of 2.50 to 7.30 m (8 to 24 ft) and engines from 93–373
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went on to truly integrate the tractor and grader into one design—at the same time replacing
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to make dirt tracks where the absence of rocks and trees means bulldozers are not required.
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Antique Adams leaning wheel road grader on display outside of Homer Public Works building,
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pads to finish grade before the construction of large buildings. Graders can produce
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and some dirt grading operations, a main blade extension can also be mounted.
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have also begun to integrate these technologies during construction.
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Graders are commonly used in the construction and maintenance of
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368:"Autopatrol" redirects here. For the Knowledge user right, see
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1910 Ad for an Adams Road
Maintainer from J.A. Adams Company
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https://books.google.com/books?id=7igDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA26
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monthly, February 1919, page 26, Scanned by Google Books:
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252:"rough grading" is performed by heavy equipment such as
642:(2nd ed.). Motorbooks International. p. 118.
473:, graders are often an essential piece of equipment on
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with a long blade used to create a flat surface during
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679:photos/videos from different types of grader works
697:http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-road-graders.htm
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492:Grader-style vehicle using a sweeper attachment
623:"Motor Grader Technology | John Deere US"
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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383:Early graders were drawn by humans and
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465:. In scrubland and grassland areas of
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283:. Graders are also used to set native
684:A Road-Scraper That Cuts Through Snow
533:LiuGong Construction Machinery, LLC.
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323:electrohydraulic servo valves
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538:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
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390:The era of motorization by
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185:Typical graders have three
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543:New Holland Construction
449:In some locales such as
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636:Orlemann, Eric (2007).
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732:Snow removal
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379:1918 grader
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273:paved roads
219:snowplowing
160:road grader
148:Caterpillar
137:Caterpillar
706:Categories
591:References
350:John Deere
292:foundation
258:bulldozers
139:140 grader
110:March 2012
80:newspapers
467:Australia
406:saw such
228:(125–500
215:compactor
211:scarifier
574:See also
477:, large
404:tractors
310:joystick
302:Steering
236:Function
180:tractors
69:"Grader"
655:7 March
475:ranches
417:crawler
364:History
308:, or a
176:grading
94:scholar
18:Graders
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605:"Home"
481:, and
471:Africa
455:Canada
402:, and
319:levers
296:canted
289:gravel
269:gravel
207:ripper
203:tandem
199:engine
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408:towed
342:laser
213:, or
201:atop
191:blade
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168:blade
101:JSTOR
87:books
657:2012
644:ISBN
568:XCMG
553:SDLG
548:Sany
469:and
344:and
285:soil
267:and
265:dirt
256:and
197:and
73:news
346:GPS
287:or
248:In
195:cab
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