330:
increase since 2002. With a population of 5.2 million people, the fund was worth $ 192,307 per
Norwegian citizen. Of the assets, 65% were equities (accounting for 1.3% of global equity markets), and the rest were property and fixed-income investments. Norway can withdraw up to 3% of the fund's value each year. The first withdrawal in its history was made in 2016. In a parliamentary white paper in April 2011, the Norwegian Ministry of Finance forecast that the fund would reach $ 1 trillion by the end of 2019. According to the forecast, a worst-case scenario for the fund value in 2030 was forecast at $ 455 billion, and a best case scenario at $ 3.3 trillion. With 2.33 percent of European stocks, it is the largest stock owner in Europe.
2802:
2386:
2031:
1520:
967:
1863:
1768:
787:
1714:
2527:
2305:
1944:
1853:
1600:
1360:
1139:
906:
1042:
2768:
2700:
2667:
2633:
2359:
2278:
2226:
2199:
2004:
1826:
1799:
1681:
1654:
1573:
1546:
1441:
1308:
1199:
1172:
1112:
995:
848:
821:
760:
733:
706:
5368:
2565:
482:, is that non-market investment motives may lead sovereign wealth funds managers to make decisions that go against market logic, in turn causing an unexpected and potentially disastrous ripple effect. The protectionist argument, mentioned above in relation to sovereignty and sovereign wealth funds, is essentially a fear that sovereign wealth funds could be used in a non-market, protectionist manner where competing states would perpetuate ever-increasing anti-global
1741:
1468:
1281:
2482:
1333:
1254:
36:
2251:
2172:
1890:
1493:
879:
3047:
2058:
1082:
931:
675:
1227:
1032:
311:
2332:
2147:
2093:
2864:
2734:
1917:
1627:
1022:
2595:
2413:
2120:
1979:
1414:
1387:
1052:
90:
618:
plans to sell off over $ 10 billion in stocks from companies using too many fossil fuels. In hopes of improving the
Norwegian economy, the firm is becoming more environmentally-friendly by investing in companies that promote renewable energy. For example, the fund will continue to hold stakes in firms like Shell using renewable energy divisions.
576:. Although surveillance tech is not the primary activity of all the 15 companies, they have all had or still have some kind of connection to such technology. The Ministry of Finance in Norway stated that it would not withdraw investing in these companies or discuss an eventual exclusion of surveillance industry companies from its investments.
2896:
In
October 2010 the fund spent NOK 600 million ($ 136.4 million as of October 2010) daily buying foreign currencies. That figure would be increased to 800 million kroner daily in November. This practice was suspended in January 2011, and on 31 January it was announced that this would also be the case
583:
In March 2014, as the result of both domestic and international pressure, the parliament appointed a panel to investigate whether the fund should divest its coal assets in line with its ethical investment mandate. The panel released its recommendations in
December 2014, recommending the fund follow a
329:
As of June 2011, it was the largest pension fund in the world, but it is not a pension fund in the conventional sense, as it derives its financial backing from oil profits, not pension contributions. In
September 2017, the fund exceeded US$ 1 trillion in value for the first time, a thirteen-fold
234:
As its name suggests, the
Government Pension Fund Global is invested in international financial markets, so the risk is independent from the Norwegian economy. The fund is invested in over 9,123 companies in 73 countries (as of 2021). On 25 October 2019, the fund's value reached 10 trillion Kroner,
546:
ESG Business
Intelligence, a global research firm and provider of environmental, social and governance (ESG) risk data. RepRisk monitors the companies in the Norwegian Pension Fund's portfolio for issues such as severe human rights violations, particularly regarding child labor, forced labour, and
348:
Norway's sovereign wealth fund is taking steps to become more active in company governance. In the second quarter of 2013, the sovereign fund voted in 6,078 general meetings as well as 239 shareholder proposals on environmental and social issues. Norway's
Government Pension Fund Global (GPFG) has
617:
Green energy is becoming an important aspect for the
Government Pension Fund since fossil fuel stocks simply are not producing as much value as they used to. As of 2019, new guidelines will prohibit the fund from investing in companies that produce over 20 million tons of coal annually. The fund
4991:
4905:
4405:
579:
On 19 January 2010 the
Ministry of Finance announced that 17 tobacco companies had been excluded from the fund. The total divestment from these companies was $ 2 billion (NOK 14.2 billion), making it the largest divestment caused by ethical recommendations in the history of the fund.
494:
country. Furthermore, some experts directly contradict fears regarding the destabilizing effect of sovereign wealth funds, arguing that these funds increase the stability of global finance due to the fact that they serve to increase the variety of owners of risky financial vehicles, minimizing
409:
has stated that sovereign wealth funds have had a stabilizing influence on international markets due to their ability to provide capital during times of domestic investor pessimism. The OECD has taken steps to minimize the possibilities of economic protectionism by instituting the Freedom of
4644:
4523:
4202:
449:
stock market is financially safe. Others claim that the high diversification and extreme long-term nature of the investments will dilute the risk and that the state is losing considerable amounts of money because of the low investment percentage in the stock
337:. In June 2009, the ministry decided to raise the stock portion to 60 percent. In May 2014, the Central Bank governor proposed raising the rate to 70 percent. The Norwegian government planned that up to 5 percent of the fund should be invested in
603:) and 3 companies in China. As a result, the total value of the fund's coal holdings fell by 5% to $ 9.7 billion. In 2014, the fund also sold its stakes in 59 out of 90 oil and gas companies in which it holds shares by $ 30 billion.
4976:
584:
strategy of corporate engagement rather than divestment. The parliament was set to make its decision early in 2015. In the event, the fund will be required to divest from companies that derive at least 30% of their business from coal.
401:, express concerns regarding non-profit considerations motivating the practices of the GPF-G, especially in regards to its ethical concerns and how these considerations may be used as a means of exerting Norwegian standards on foreign
3882:
2937:. The Government Pension Fund – Norway had a value of NOK 240.2 billion at the end of 2017. Unlike the Global division, it is required to limit its investments to companies in the Norwegian stock market, predominantly on the
4445:
4315:
4940:
4567:
4958:
3032:
EADS was initially excluded because it produced cluster munitions components, but the company later stopped such production. The exclusion was upheld because of the company's production of nuclear missiles.
5005:
262:, motivated the creation of Norway's Oil Fund, now the Government Pension Fund-Global (GPF-G). The instability of oil prices has been of constant concern for oil-dependent countries since the start of the
530:
According to its ethical guidelines, the Norwegian pension fund cannot invest money in companies that directly or indirectly contribute to killing, torture, deprivation of freedom or other violations of
5074:
4584:
4187:
3019:
The total divestment from the seven companies BAE Systems Plc, Boeing Co., Finmeccanica S.p.A., Honeywell International Inc., Northrop Grumman Corp., Safran SA and United Technologies Corp was apx.
4372:
4242:
227:. Current revenue from the petroleum sector is estimated to be at its peak period and to decline in the future decades. The Petroleum Fund was established in 1990 after a decision by the
3975:
The Government is proposing, based on an overall assessment, to omit companies classified as exploration and production companies from the GPFG's benchmark index and investment universe.
3815:
515:
Part of the investment policy debate is related to the discovery of several cases of investment by The Petroleum Fund in very controversial companies, involved in businesses such as
318:
The domestic fund, the Government Pension Fund Norway, is managed by Folketrygdfondet. The global investment fund is managed by Norges Bank Investment Management (NBIM), part of the
2931:). The name was changed at the same time as the former Petroleum Fund, on 1 January 2006. It continues to be managed by a separate board and separate government entity, still named
349:
the potential to influence the corporate governance market in Europe, and possibly China as well, greatly. It has also started to become active in pushing for lower executive pay.
4323:
206:
wealth produced by Norwegian petroleum income is deposited. Its name changed in January 2006 from the Petroleum Fund of Norway. The fund is commonly referred to as the Oil Fund (
2444:
Several previously excluded companies have later been reinstated to the fund because the companies were no longer involved in the activities that had led to their exclusion.
3306:
4290:
3886:
373:
its sovereignty on a set of global economic systems that seem largely out of reach both legally and pragmatically for most states. Sovereign wealth funds are an inherently
4100:
3162:
4014:
2405:
535:
in conflict situations or wars. Contrary to popular belief, the fund is allowed to invest in a number of arms-producing companies, as only some kind of weapons, such as
560:
in February 2012 showed that Norway has invested more than $ 2 billion in 15 technology companies producing technology that can and has been used for filtering,
4852:"Recommendation to revoke the exclusion of the companies BAE Systems plc. and Finmeccanica S.p.A. from the investment universe of the Government Pension Fund Global"
155:. As of August 2024, it had over US$ 1.71 trillion in assets, and held on average 1.5% of all of the world's listed companies, making it the world's largest single
5200:
4890:
4872:
4669:
4602:
4479:
4390:
4148:
5020:
1882:
606:
On 8 March 2019, the Ministry of Finance recommended divestiture from its oil and gas exploration and production holdings. This came after the August 2017
527:. Accordingly, the Ministry of Finance issued a new regulation on the management of the Government Petroleum Fund, which also includes ethical guidelines.
3941:
3565:
5046:
3373:
2433:
The fund does not announce exclusions until it has completed sales of its positions, so as not to affect the share price at the time of the transaction.
5325:
4458:
2557:
1592:
490:
seats in their acquisitions. Additionally, Norway's GPF-G is especially unlikely to gain any board-of-directors seats in a company headquartered in an
174:
is smaller and was established in 1967 as a type of national insurance fund. It is managed separately from the Oil Fund and is limited to domestic and
4291:"Norway bars its pension fund from investing in Dongfeng Motor, due to sale of military trucks to Burma | Business & Human Rights Resource Centre"
3133:
4257:
3959:
3654:
5167:
551:
and corruption. RepRisk has been working with the Council on Ethics since 2009 and in 2014, re-won the tender for ESG data provision for 2014–2017.
4708:
3988:
3590:
3919:
3507:
4811:
3522:
4040:
3792:
Bortolotti, Bernardo; Fotak, Veljko; Megginson, William; Miracky, William (2009). "Sovereign Wealth Fund Investment Patterns and Performance".
2833:
As an alternative to full exclusion from the fund, companies may be placed "under observation" to help put pressure on the company to improve.
3822:
2974:
3351:
640:
The following companies have been excluded from the Government Pension Fund of Norway for activities in breach of the ethical guidelines:
136:. It consists of two entirely separate sovereign wealth funds: the Government Pension Fund Global and the Government Pension Fund Norway.
2498:
621:
In March 2021, it was reported that the Government Pension Fund was examining whether companies in the fund had used forced labor from
231:
to counter the effects of the forthcoming decline in income and to smooth out the disruptive effects of highly fluctuating oil prices.
357:
The rise of globalization as the predominant political-economic system has had several key effects on states, especially in regard to
438:
instead of saving the funds for the future. The main matter of debate is to what degree increased government spending would increase
4391:"Supplier of surveillance equipment for the separation barrier in the West Bank excluded from the Government Pension Fund – Global"
486:
movements. However, despite these fears, there is also strong evidence to suggest that sovereign wealth funds are unlikely to gain
426:
As a result of the large size of the fund relative to the low number of people living in Norway (5.2 million people in 2017), the
5600:
5237:
5288:
4420:
5976:
5971:
5443:
3154:
282:
for achieving this outcome. The adoption of the GPF-G has been in line global economic trends, especially investment patterns.
278:
to stabilize oil consumption patterns, and a host of these exporting states singled out sovereign wealth funds as an effective
5418:
4683:
4616:
414:
and transnational investment, while also advising states on how to best handle issues of foreign investment in the sphere of
4786:
4345:
4480:"One producer of cluster munitions and two producers of nuclear weapons excluded from the Government Pension Fund – Global"
220:
5539:
4920:"Recommendation to revoke the exclusion of FMC Corporation from the Government Pension Fund Global's investment universe"
4537:
5469:
5428:
4735:
2780:
1760:
2888:, should be placed under similar observation. Goldcorp, as of 2019, merged with another company and no longer exists.
6011:
5996:
5991:
4494:
3629:
159:
in terms of total assets under management. This translates to over US$ 307,000 per Norwegian citizen. It also holds
5912:
5714:
5423:
5293:
4670:"Metals and mining company excluded from the investment universe of the Norwegian Government Pension Fund – Global"
698:
389:
as nations attempt to wrestle back control of their economies from external forces, an outcome that most economic
6001:
5320:
3395:
3205:
2760:
587:
In 2014, the fund divested from 53 coal companies around the world, including 16 companies in the US (among them
390:
5874:
5484:
2074:
947:
687:
164:
5057:
3431:
6021:
6016:
6006:
5628:
5504:
5345:
4972:
4954:
4936:
4886:
4868:
4847:
4665:
4598:
4563:
4501:
4475:
4441:
4386:
4238:
4183:
3551:
3540:
5648:
5298:
3445:
3409:
2978:
2023:
1960:
341:, beginning in 2010. A specific policy for the real estate investments was suggested in a report the Swiss
323:
3718:
Beck, Roland; Fidora, Michael (2008). "The Impact of Sovereign Wealth Funds on Global Financial Markets".
302:, increasing by 175% over a period at which the former two metrics increased by 53% and 93% respectively.
5744:
5590:
5499:
5489:
5335:
5330:
5230:
5175:
1704:
1673:
1162:
394:
178:
investments and is therefore a key stock holder in many large Norwegian companies, predominantly via the
4873:"Mining company excluded from the investment universe of the Norwegian Government Pension Fund – Global"
410:
Investment project, where participating states agree upon guiding sets of principles that seek to boost
5890:
5682:
5633:
5580:
5139:
2607:
2539:
3764:
3082:
478:
stemming from sovereign wealth funds. The destabilization argument, often cited by Roland Beck of the
385:
forces of globalization. The issue with this is that such practices may lead to a general increase in
6026:
5986:
5981:
5859:
5595:
5433:
5413:
5403:
4891:"Thales SA and DRD Gold Limited to be reinstated in the Government Pension Fund – Global's portfolio"
4851:
4074:
3901:
1565:
1094:
667:
622:
548:
3732:
5864:
5694:
5544:
5534:
5438:
5398:
5315:
5273:
1433:
898:
871:
503:, while also simultaneously limiting the absolute loss any actor can suffer in a particular global
283:
5357:
3342:
5900:
5729:
5509:
5408:
5388:
3816:"RI ESG Briefing, 28 January: Norwegian government fund selects RepRisk for portfolio monitoring"
2324:
1956:
596:
219:, mainly from taxes of companies but also payment for licenses to explore for oil as well as the
83:
3108:
5895:
5854:
5789:
5704:
5658:
5519:
5479:
5474:
5367:
5223:
5075:"Statens pensjonsfond utland: Selskap settes til observasjon på grunn av risiko for korrupsjon"
3727:
435:
333:
In 1998, the fund was allowed to invest up to 40 percent of its portfolio in the international
52:
20:
4919:
4760:
4075:"Norway wealth fund to probe whether firms could be using forced labour from China's Xinjiang"
3152:
632:
that companies in its portfolio will be asked to take more specific action on climate change.
628:
On 1 December 2021, the fund's head of Governance and Compliance, Carine Smith Ihenacho, told
5869:
5724:
5514:
5352:
5283:
5089:
4977:"Companies that have been excluded, but where the decision to exclude has later been revoked"
3277:
3077:
2218:
1971:
611:
479:
156:
129:
4370:
3899:
3109:"Norway Government Pension Fund Global (Norway GPFG) – Sovereign Wealth Fund, Norway – SWFI"
2941:. The Fund is not allowed to own more than a 15% interest in any single Norwegian company.
523:. The Petroleum Fund's Advisory Council on Ethics was established 19 November 2004 by royal
466:
There are diverse concerns and predicted effects of sovereign wealth funds on international
5844:
5734:
5549:
3241:
Caner, Mehmet; Grennes, Thomas (2010). "Sovereign Wealth Funds: The Norwegian Experience".
2986:
1733:
958:
500:
446:
411:
398:
255:
215:
The purpose of the fund is to invest parts of the large surplus generated by the Norwegian
133:
101:
8:
5809:
5739:
5709:
5663:
5638:
5494:
5393:
5376:
4621:
2970:
2938:
2112:
813:
725:
607:
382:
369:
structures has provoked new questions regarding the role of the state and its ability to
299:
267:
179:
160:
5111:
4403:
4129:
2499:
dual-purpose improved conventional munition (DPICM) mortar shells containing 25 bomblets
163:
of real estate and fixed-income investments. Many companies are excluded by the fund on
5839:
5766:
5756:
5643:
5524:
5457:
5310:
3745:
3635:
3258:
3067:
3061:
2692:
487:
378:
216:
191:
152:
121:
3989:"Norway Set to Divest $ 1 Trillion Wealth Fund From Oil and Gas Exploration Companies"
397:, would like to see avoided. Some commentators, like Professor Gordon L. Clark of the
5936:
5824:
5781:
5761:
5668:
5653:
5623:
5563:
5268:
5255:
4819:
4585:"Statens pensjonsfond utland: To selskaper utelukkes fra fondets investeringsunivers"
4265:
4048:
3625:
3572:
3501:
3494:"OLJEFONDETS GIGANTTAP PÅ AKTIV FORVALTNING: Mener Gjedrem bløffer om investeringene"
3493:
3262:
3254:
3087:
3072:
2982:
2297:
2070:
1818:
943:
799:
752:
561:
467:
415:
274:
of oil-exporting states is linked with the price of oil, it has been a goal of these
4015:"Norway Wealth Fund To Dump Fossil Fuel Stocks Worth Billions In Environmental Move"
3749:
5819:
5719:
5575:
5263:
4446:"To selskaper – Wal-Mart og Freeport – trekkes ut av Statens pensjonsfond – Utland"
3797:
3737:
3695:
3250:
3220:
2746:
2712:
1646:
1352:
1191:
1104:
803:
203:
175:
3153:
Hanna Ghaderi, Martin Hagh Høgseth and Kjetil Malkenes Hovland (25 October 2019).
470:
and the global economy as a whole, with experts expressing strong fears regarding
5945:
5849:
5834:
5771:
5699:
5605:
5340:
3064:– concerning the usage of capital gains from The Government Pension Fund – Global
2625:
1845:
1538:
504:
496:
471:
358:
41:
3900:
The Ethical Council of The Government Pension Fund of Norway (22 October 2009).
3700:
3683:
3467:
3319:
5917:
5905:
4319:
3576:
2794:
2679:
2645:
2474:
2085:
1780:
1619:
588:
342:
4371:
The Ethical Council of the Government Pension Fund of Norway (18 April 2006).
3741:
3620:
Clark, Gordon (2013). "Rethinking the "Sovereign" in Sovereign Wealth Funds".
3433:
Meld. St. 15 (2010–2011): Forvaltningen av Statens pensjonsfond i 2010 117–119
3278:"Sovereign Wealth Funds: The Need for Greater Transparency and Accountability"
5965:
5950:
5794:
4823:
4568:"Sørkoreansk klasevåpenprodusent utelukket fra Statens pensjonsfond – Utland"
4524:"Recommendation on exclusion of the companies Rheinmetall AG and Hanwha Corp"
4404:
Ethical Council of the Government Pension Fund of Norway (4 September 2009).
4269:
4052:
3639:
3603:
3593:." Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute. 13 August 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
3138:
3052:
2506:
2139:
2050:
1406:
1074:
475:
445:
Whether the high level of exposure (around 65 percent in 2017) to the highly
386:
366:
4316:"Decision on exclusion of companies from the Government Pension Fund Global"
1063:
Production of nuclear missiles for the French Air Force through the company
5829:
5618:
5305:
5021:"Beslutninger om avsluttet observasjon og gjeninkludering av selskap i SPU"
4812:"Norway's wealth fund can resume investing in ST Engineering: Central bank"
2726:
2587:
2378:
2270:
1246:
779:
542:
To support the ethical screening process, the Council on Ethics works with
536:
532:
520:
334:
291:
199:
151:), was established in 1990 to invest the surplus revenues of the Norwegian
5613:
4712:
4125:
2519:
2436:
In 2016, Norges Bank decided to exclude 52 coal companies from the fund.
1379:
1218:
986:
374:
362:
338:
319:
279:
248:
107:
381:, and there exists potential for their use as a mitigating force to the
5751:
5278:
3942:"Norway's giant fund increases stake in oil and gas companies to £20bn"
3801:
3307:
theglobeandmail.com: "Alberta and Norway: Two oil powers, worlds apart"
2659:
600:
483:
287:
259:
434:
Whether the country should use more of the petroleum revenues for the
35:
19:"Oljefondet" redirects here. For the Norwegian television series, see
5006:"Recommendation on inclusion of the company United Technologies Corp"
4959:"KerrMcGee Corporation tas inn igjen i Statens pensjonsfond – Utland"
2994:
2494:
1300:
592:
439:
275:
251:
4603:"The Government Pension Fund divests its holdings in mining company"
3885:. The Norwegian Ministry of Finance. 19 January 2010. Archived from
3591:
Could Norway's Sovereign Fund be a Vanguard for Corporate Governance
564:, or surveillance of communication in various countries, among them
5529:
5077:(in Norwegian). The Norwegian Ministry of Finance. 6 December 2011.
4459:
Decision to exclude company from the Government Pension Fund Global
4041:"Norway's $ 1tn wealth fund to divest from oil and gas exploration"
2990:
2885:
2502:
1791:
547:
violations of individual rights in conflict areas as well as gross
271:
263:
244:
228:
5215:
4609:
4406:"Recommendation on the exclusion of the company Elbit Systems Ltd"
4149:"Three companies excluded from the Government Pension Fund Global"
3935:
3933:
430:
has become a hot political issue, dominated by three main issues:
310:
5144:
5116:
3046:
2814:
2351:
2191:
1512:
1460:
629:
543:
402:
370:
224:
4436:
4434:
3883:"Tobacco producers excluded from Government Pension Fund Global"
3821:. No. Responsible Investor. 28 January 2014. Archived from
3622:
Sovereign Wealth Funds; Legitimacy, Governance, and Global Power
3523:"Norway Wealth Fund Wins Labor Backing to Buy New Asset Classes"
614:
from the countries that can most afford to act, such as Norway.
5246:
4709:"First coal exclusions from the Government Pension Fund Global"
3939:
3930:
3917:
3791:
2856:
1909:
1273:
1014:
840:
524:
516:
454:
76:
4412:
3541:"Stortingsmelding nr. 1 (2009–2010) – Nasjonalbudsjettet 2010"
539:, are banned by the ethical guidelines as investment objects.
314:
Value of the Oil Fund in billions of kroner (June 2017 prices)
254:
in the 70s. This reality, coupled with the desire to mitigate
5799:
5201:
Norwegian Ministry of Finance: On the Government Pension Fund
4971:
4953:
4935:
4885:
4867:
4846:
4664:
4617:"Massive Norwegian state fund to divest from Israeli company"
4597:
4562:
4474:
4440:
4431:
4385:
4237:
4203:"Recommendation on the exclusion of the company Barrick Gold"
4182:
3920:"Norway's sovereign wealth fund drops over 50 coal companies"
1936:
860:
573:
569:
295:
4645:"Recommendation on the exclusion of the company Textron Inc"
3374:"Norway says made first withdrawal from oil fund in January"
4418:
3765:"Sovereign Wealth Funds What they are and what's happening"
3547:
2611:
2543:
1064:
565:
491:
406:
72:
2828:
4101:"Norway wealth fund calls on companies to act on climate"
2463:
1131:
659:
286:
has increased at a significantly higher pace than either
3397:
Stortingsmelding 1 (2010–2011): Nasjonalbudsjettet 2011
3343:"Norway's oil fund tops $ 1tn in assets for first time"
3187:
3155:"Milepæl: Oljefondet passerer 10.000 milliarder kroner"
3134:"Norway's sovereign-wealth fund passes the $ 1trn mark"
2644:
Production of phosphate in the occupied territories of
1779:
Production of phosphate in the occupied territories of
453:
Whether the investment policy of the Petroleum Fund is
266:, but especially so in the decades following the first
5210:
4992:"Recommendation to reverse the exclusion of Thales SA"
4243:"Uttrekk av selskaper fra Statens pensjonsfond Utland"
3794:
Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei: Institutions and Markets
106:
Government Pension Fund Global managed by state-owned
5205:
4989:
4906:"Recommendation to reverse the exclusion of DRD Gold"
4903:
4521:
4492:
3960:"Energy Stocks in the Government Pension Fund Global"
3491:
554:
An investigation by the Norwegian business newspaper
5087:
3558:
3042:
1928:
Production of nuclear missiles for the French Navy.
5211:
The Government Pension Fund – Global: Official site
5206:
The Government Pension Fund – Norway: Official site
5018:
4842:
4840:
4188:"Åtte nye selskaper utelukket fra Petroleumsfondet"
2900:
798:Extensive environmental degradation related to the
3615:
3613:
3611:
3438:The Management of the Government Pension Fund 2010
3341:
461:
3940:Damian Carrington, the Guardian (13 March 2015).
3918:Damian Carrington, the Guardian (16 March 2015).
3713:
3711:
185:
5963:
5112:"Norway c.bank to sell NOK 800 mln daily in Nov"
4998:
4912:
4879:
4837:
4419:Herb Keinon and Yaakov Katz (3 September 2009).
3533:
3424:
3236:
3234:
2210:Production of components for cluster munitions.
1901:Illegal logging and severe environmental damage
1810:Production of components for cluster munitions.
1557:Production of components for cluster munitions.
1210:Production of components for cluster munitions.
744:Production of components for cluster munitions.
4941:"Første selskap utelukket fra Petroleumsfondet"
3608:
2932:
2926:
2916:
2906:
978:Sale of weapons and military material to Burma
686:Violation of international humanitarian law in
555:
207:
5140:"Norway fund to refrain from fx buying in Feb"
3708:
3624:. Princeton University Press. pp. 30–45.
3285:Peterson Institute for International Economics
2969:The total divestment from the seven companies
2424:Serious or systematic human rights violations
1150:Serious or systematic human rights violations
352:
5231:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3339:
3231:
3218:
2975:European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company
2507:air-delivered cluster bombs with 650 bomblets
2503:artillery shells containing 64 DPICM bomblets
1665:Maintenance of ICBMs for the U.S. Air Force.
345:wrote for the Norwegian Ministry of Finance.
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3240:
3212:
2077:by being involved in developing settlements
950:by being involved in developing settlements
690:by being involved in developing settlements
4346:"World's Biggest Sovereign Fund Dumps Duke"
4124:
3986:
3506:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3388:
5238:
5224:
4990:The Council on Ethics (13 February 2009).
4904:The Council on Ethics (13 February 2009).
4579:
4577:
4493:The Council on Ethics (15 February 2011).
4233:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4143:
4141:
4139:
3787:
3785:
3717:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2493:Design, mass production and stockpile of
2370:Breach of human rights and labour rights.
223:and dividends from the partly state-owned
34:
5550:Membership of International organizations
5088:Kristoffer Rønneberg (20 February 2010).
4522:The Council on Ethics (11 January 2008).
4255:
4151:. The Ministry of Finance. 23 August 2010
3840:
3731:
3699:
3126:
5019:Finansdepartementet (11 December 2014).
4643:Finance, Ministry of (30 January 2009).
4538:"Decisions on observation and exclusion"
4470:
4468:
4466:
4201:Finance, Ministry of (30 January 2009).
4178:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4166:
3605:" BBC. 2 May 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
3219:Aizenman, Joshua; Glick, Reuven (2007).
3206:"Observation and exclusion of companies"
309:
4787:"Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor"
4767:(in Norwegian Bokmål). 24 February 2017
4733:
4642:
4636:
4574:
4216:
4200:
4194:
4136:
3782:
3677:
3675:
3652:
3492:Sindre Heyerdahl, E24 (11 March 2009).
3302:
3300:
3298:
3269:
2950:
2884:It was proposed that one more company,
2606:Production of nuclear missiles for the
2538:Production of nuclear missiles for the
2439:
2316:Environmental and human rights abuses.
1105:Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc.
1093:Supply of surveillance systems for the
247:surpluses since the development of its
40:Value of the fund over time in billion
5964:
5047:"Council Of Ethics Annual Report 2014"
4734:Finance, Ministry of (26 April 2007).
4515:
4098:
4072:
4038:
3763:Jen, Stephen (October–December 2007).
3520:
3275:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2905:The Government Pension Fund – Norway (
1998:Schweitzer-Mauduit International Inc.
1327:Huabao International Holdings Limited
610:which demanded leadership in a global
305:
5219:
5090:"Ønsker "gult kort" for gruveselskap"
4463:
4421:"Norway envoy summoned on divestment"
4163:
3681:
3619:
3354:from the original on 10 December 2022
2891:
2461:
657:
635:
4761:"Singapore Technologies Engineering"
4256:Criscione, Valeria (16 March 2009).
3672:
3655:"The Rise of Sovereign Wealth Funds"
3295:
3182:
3180:
3165:from the original on 25 October 2019
1006:Risk of severe environmental damage
599:), 13 companies in India (including
190:The Government Pension Fund Global (
5245:
4258:"Pension fund treads a thorny path"
4099:Fouche, Gwladys (1 December 2021).
3902:"Recommendation October 22nd, 2009"
3762:
3646:
3566:"Investment Policy for Real Estate"
3446:Royal Norwegian Ministry of Finance
3410:Royal Norwegian Ministry of Finance
3340:Richard Milne (19 September 2017).
3320:"Norges Bank Investment Management"
3000:
1319:Simulations of nuclear explosions.
365:. The erosion of fully independent
235:according to its official website.
13:
5012:
4322:. 7 September 2016. Archived from
3146:
1761:Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan
510:
14:
6038:
5194:
4542:Norges Bank Investment Management
4073:Fouche, Gwladys (11 March 2021).
4012:
3653:Johnson, Simon (September 2007).
3177:
1292:Production of cluster munitions.
1163:Aerojet Rocketdyne Holdings, Inc.
221:State's Direct Financial Interest
118:Government Pension Fund of Norway
93:US$ 1.715 trillion (August 2024)
29:Government Pension Fund of Norway
5366:
4587:(in Norwegian). 6 December 2011.
3448:. 8 April 2011. pp. 117–119
3255:10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01235.x
3225:Center for Pacific Basin Studies
3045:
2997:was approx. $ 340 million.
2901:Government Pension Fund – Norway
2862:
2800:
2766:
2732:
2698:
2678:Petroleum surveying in occupied
2665:
2631:
2593:
2563:
2525:
2480:
2411:
2384:
2357:
2330:
2303:
2276:
2249:
2224:
2197:
2170:
2145:
2118:
2091:
2056:
2029:
2002:
1977:
1942:
1915:
1888:
1861:
1851:
1824:
1797:
1766:
1752:Production of cluster munition.
1739:
1712:
1679:
1674:Philip Morris International Inc.
1652:
1625:
1598:
1571:
1544:
1518:
1491:
1466:
1439:
1412:
1385:
1358:
1331:
1306:
1279:
1252:
1225:
1197:
1170:
1137:
1110:
1080:
1050:
1040:
1030:
1020:
993:
965:
929:
904:
877:
846:
819:
785:
758:
731:
704:
699:Alliance One International, Inc.
673:
499:to shocks in any one particular
89:
88:
5174:. 28 March 2014. Archived from
5160:
5132:
5104:
5081:
5067:
5039:
4983:
4965:
4947:
4929:
4897:
4861:
4804:
4779:
4753:
4727:
4701:
4676:
4658:
4591:
4556:
4530:
4486:
4452:
4397:
4379:
4364:
4338:
4308:
4283:
4249:
4118:
4092:
4066:
4032:
4006:
3980:
3952:
3911:
3893:
3808:
3756:
3596:
3583:
3514:
3485:
3460:
3366:
3333:
3312:
3026:
1487:Lingui Development Berhad Ltd.
1183:Production of nuclear weapons.
462:Concerns and potential outcomes
391:intergovernmental organizations
147:), also known as the Oil Fund (
16:Norwegian sovereign-wealth fund
3554:. 9 October 2009. p. 145.
3198:
3101:
2923:National Insurance Scheme Fund
2911:, SPN) was established by the
2693:L3 Communications Holdings Inc
2576:Serious environmental damage.
2075:occupied Palestinian territory
1123:Serious environmental damage.
948:occupied Palestinian territory
688:occupied Palestinian territory
186:Government Pension Fund Global
172:Government Pension Fund Norway
141:Government Pension Fund Global
1:
5977:1990 establishments in Norway
5972:1967 establishments in Norway
5346:Norwegian government-in-exile
4973:Norwegian Ministry of Finance
4955:Norwegian Ministry of Finance
4937:Norwegian Ministry of Finance
4887:Norwegian Ministry of Finance
4869:Norwegian Ministry of Finance
4848:Norwegian Ministry of Finance
4666:Norwegian Ministry of Finance
4599:Norwegian Ministry of Finance
4564:Norwegian Ministry of Finance
4502:Norwegian Ministry of Finance
4476:Norwegian Ministry of Finance
4442:Norwegian Ministry of Finance
4387:Norwegian Ministry of Finance
4239:Norwegian Ministry of Finance
4184:Norwegian Ministry of Finance
3552:Norwegian Ministry of Finance
3521:Mohsin, Saleha (7 May 2014).
3094:
2829:Companies "under observation"
2813:Sale of military vehicles to
2745:Production of components for
2711:Production of components for
2397:Severe environmental damages
2343:Severe environmental damages
2262:Severe environmental damages
2183:Severe environmental damages
2131:Severe environmental damages
1990:Severe environmental damages
1638:Severe environmental damages
1611:Severe environmental damages
1504:Severe environmental damages
899:British American Tobacco Plc.
238:
5299:Hereditary Kingdom of Norway
5294:Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)
4684:"Norway's Big Ethical Giant"
4039:Davies, Rob (8 March 2019).
3987:Andy Rowell (8 March 2019).
3412:. 1 October 2010. p. 56
2979:General Dynamics Corporation
2024:Shanghai Industrial Holdings
1961:Atomic Weapons Establishment
1874:Severe environmental damage
1301:Honeywell International Inc.
1192:General Dynamics Corporation
872:British American Tobacco BHD
7:
4373:"Tilrådning 18. april 2006"
3701:10.1787/observer-v2008-2-en
3038:
1705:Philip Morris International
1452:Production of nuclear arms
832:Production of nuclear arms
395:International Monetary Fund
353:Relationship to sovereignty
196:Statens pensjonsfond Utland
145:Statens pensjonsfond utland
10:
6043:
5054:Norway's Council of Ethics
3083:Energy Resources of Norway
2908:Statens pensjonsfond Norge
2779:Production of engines for
2608:French Air and Space Force
1353:Imperial Tobacco Group Plc
258:stemming from fluctuating
18:
5930:
5883:
5780:
5690:
5681:
5571:
5562:
5465:
5456:
5384:
5375:
5364:
5254:
4495:"Til Finansdepartementet"
4130:"NBIM Annual Report 2007"
3742:10.1007/s10272-008-0268-5
3662:Finance & Development
3221:"CPBS 2007 Annual Report"
2921:) in 1967 under the name
2875:Risk of gross corruption
2761:United Technologies Corp.
2406:Zuari Agro Chemicals Ltd.
1095:Israeli West Bank barrier
668:Africa Israel Investments
623:Xinjiang internment camps
549:environmental degradation
421:
405:. On the other hand, the
97:
82:
68:
58:
48:
33:
6012:Public finance of Norway
5997:1990 in economic history
5992:1967 in economic history
5470:Administrative divisions
5316:Kingdom of Norway (1814)
4791:archives.the-monitor.org
4295:business-humanrights.org
3993:Oil Change International
3684:"Sovereign Wealth Funds"
3402:The National Budget 2011
2944:
1434:Jacobs Engineering Group
863:for the U.S. Air Force.
780:Barrick Gold Corporation
519:production, tobacco and
284:International investment
132:collective owned by the
5586:Government Pension Fund
5168:"Investment management"
3814:
3682:Ervin, Carolyn (2008).
3376:. Reuters. 3 March 2016
2783:in the U.S. Air Force.
2325:Volcan (mining company)
2289:Production of tobacco.
2237:Production of tobacco.
2166:Ta Ann Holdings Berhad
2158:Production of tobacco.
2104:Production of tobacco.
1957:British nuclear weapons
1837:Production of tobacco.
1725:Production of tobacco.
1692:Production of tobacco.
1584:Production of tobacco.
1479:Production of tobacco.
1425:Production of tobacco.
1398:Production of tobacco.
1371:Production of tobacco.
1265:Production of tobacco.
1238:Production of tobacco.
917:Production of tobacco.
890:Production of tobacco.
771:Production of tobacco.
726:Alliant Techsystems Inc
717:Production of tobacco.
597:Alpha Natural Resources
243:Norway has experienced
6002:Sovereign wealth funds
5056:. 2014. Archived from
3444:(in Norwegian). Oslo:
3408:(in Norwegian). Oslo:
3276:Truman, Edwin (2007).
2933:
2927:
2917:
2913:National Insurance Act
2907:
2660:Kerr-McGee Corporation
2469:Date of reinstatement
2042:Production of tobacco
2015:Production of tobacco
1819:Reynolds American Inc.
1647:Northrop Grumman Corp.
1344:Production of tobacco
556:
320:Norwegian Central Bank
315:
208:
195:
125:
21:Oljefondet (TV series)
4818:. 30 September 2016.
3078:Sovereign wealth fund
2462:Divestment (Millions
2298:Vedanta Resources Plc
1972:Sesa Sterlite Limited
1700:Philip Morris ČR a.s.
658:Divestment (Millions
612:fossil fuel phase-out
480:European Central Bank
322:on the behalf of the
313:
270:in the 1970s. As the
229:country's legislature
157:sovereign wealth fund
130:sovereign wealth fund
6022:Government of Norway
6017:Retirement in Norway
6007:Public pension funds
5875:Romantic nationalism
5485:Correctional Service
5444:World Heritage Sites
4957:(1 September 2006).
4889:(3 September 2009).
4601:(9 September 2008).
4389:(4 September 2009).
4326:on 10 September 2016
4186:(2 September 2005).
3579:. 15 September 2009.
3142:. 21 September 2017.
2987:Lockheed Martin Corp
2610:through the company
2542:through the company
2440:Reinstated companies
2352:Wal-Mart Stores Inc.
2245:WTK Holdings Berhad
1734:Poongsan Corporation
1539:Lockheed Martin Corp
959:Dongfeng Motor Group
814:Babcock & Wilcox
399:University of Oxford
134:government of Norway
126:Statens pensjonsfond
102:Government of Norway
4668:(6 November 2007).
4622:The Times of Israel
4566:(6 December 2006).
4478:(11 January 2008).
4128:(15 January 2010).
3889:on 24 October 2012.
3828:on 8 September 2014
2971:Alliant Techsystems
2939:Oslo Stock Exchange
2588:Finmeccanica S.p.A.
2113:Sterlite Industries
1883:Samling Global Ltd.
1531:Human rights abuse
1247:Gudang Garam tbk pt
608:Lofoten Declaration
324:Ministry of Finance
306:Management and size
180:Oslo Stock Exchange
30:
5840:Norwegian language
5649:Telecommunications
5336:Reichskommissariat
4975:(31 August 2005).
4850:(31 August 2012).
4425:The Jerusalem Post
4352:. 7 September 2016
4241:(5 January 2006).
3068:Pensions in Norway
3062:The budgetary rule
2892:Currency portfolio
2456:Date of exclusion
1407:Japan Tobacco Inc.
1274:Hanwha Corporation
652:Date of exclusion
636:Excluded companies
488:board of directors
379:investment vehicle
316:
28:
5959:
5958:
5926:
5925:
5745:language conflict
5677:
5676:
5624:Norwegian paradox
5558:
5557:
5540:Political parties
5500:Foreign relations
5452:
5451:
5178:on 6 January 2022
5148:. 31 January 2011
5120:. 29 October 2010
5063:on 21 April 2015.
4925:. 31 August 2012.
4871:(11 April 2007).
4816:The Straits Times
3688:The OECD Observer
3573:Baar, Switzerland
3243:The World Economy
3088:Ethical investing
3073:Economy of Norway
2983:L3 Communications
2882:
2881:
2826:
2825:
2747:cluster munitions
2713:cluster munitions
2431:
2430:
2271:Vector Group Ltd.
2219:Universal Corp VA
2071:Geneva Convention
2069:Violation of the
1708:
1703:(a subsidiary of
1501:16 February 2011
1166:
1147:14 November 2019
1003:7 September 2016
975:28 February 2009
944:Geneva Convention
942:Violation of the
800:Porgera Gold Mine
753:Altria Group Inc.
557:Dagens Næringsliv
468:financial markets
416:national security
114:
113:
6034:
6027:North Sea energy
5987:1990 in politics
5982:1967 in politics
5939:
5815:
5805:
5688:
5687:
5634:Renewable energy
5609:
5569:
5568:
5463:
5462:
5382:
5381:
5370:
5326:End of the union
5289:High Middle Ages
5240:
5233:
5226:
5217:
5216:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5172:Folketrygdfondet
5164:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5108:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5071:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5051:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5032:
5016:
5010:
5009:
5002:
4996:
4995:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4916:
4910:
4909:
4901:
4895:
4894:
4883:
4877:
4876:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4844:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4680:
4674:
4673:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4581:
4572:
4571:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4500:(in Norwegian).
4499:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4472:
4461:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4438:
4429:
4428:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4235:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4180:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4145:
4134:
4133:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3970:
3964:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3937:
3928:
3927:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3879:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3827:
3820:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3789:
3780:
3779:
3769:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3735:
3715:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3679:
3670:
3669:
3659:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3617:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3570:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3546:(in Norwegian).
3545:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3505:
3497:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3443:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3407:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3345:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3316:
3310:
3309:, 15 August 2015
3304:
3293:
3292:
3282:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3238:
3229:
3228:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3208:. 18 March 2019.
3202:
3196:
3195:
3184:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3161:(in Norwegian).
3150:
3144:
3143:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3113:swfinstitute.org
3105:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3033:
3030:
3024:
3017:
2998:
2967:
2936:
2934:Folketrygdfondet
2930:
2928:Folketrygdfondet
2920:
2910:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2845:Date of warning
2836:
2835:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2558:DRD Gold Limited
2540:French Air Force
2531:
2529:
2528:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2447:
2446:
2421:14 October 2013
2417:
2415:
2414:
2394:14 October 2013
2390:
2388:
2387:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2340:14 October 2013
2336:
2334:
2333:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2259:14 October 2013
2255:
2253:
2252:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2180:14 October 2013
2176:
2174:
2173:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2140:Swedish Match AB
2128:31 October 2007
2124:
2122:
2121:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1987:30 January 2014
1983:
1981:
1980:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1792:Raytheon Company
1772:
1770:
1769:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1702:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1635:31 October 2009
1631:
1629:
1628:
1608:31 October 2007
1604:
1602:
1601:
1593:Madras Aluminium
1577:
1575:
1574:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1449:11 January 2013
1445:
1443:
1442:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1160:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1023:
999:
997:
996:
989:+3 subsidiaries
971:
969:
968:
935:
933:
932:
910:
908:
907:
883:
881:
880:
852:
850:
849:
829:11 January 2013
825:
823:
822:
804:Papua New Guinea
791:
789:
788:
764:
762:
761:
737:
735:
734:
710:
708:
707:
679:
677:
676:
643:
642:
559:
217:petroleum sector
211:
153:petroleum sector
92:
91:
53:Government-owned
38:
31:
27:
6042:
6041:
6037:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6031:
5962:
5961:
5960:
5955:
5942:
5935:
5922:
5879:
5860:Public holidays
5813:
5803:
5776:
5673:
5607:
5554:
5475:National budget
5448:
5434:Protected areas
5371:
5362:
5341:Quisling regime
5250:
5244:
5197:
5192:
5191:
5181:
5179:
5166:
5165:
5161:
5151:
5149:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5123:
5121:
5110:
5109:
5105:
5095:
5093:
5086:
5082:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5060:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5030:
5028:
5017:
5013:
5008:. 2 March 2012.
5004:
5003:
4999:
4988:
4984:
4970:
4966:
4952:
4948:
4943:(in Norwegian).
4939:(6 June 2005).
4934:
4930:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4902:
4898:
4884:
4880:
4866:
4862:
4854:
4845:
4838:
4828:
4826:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4795:
4793:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4770:
4768:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4744:
4742:
4732:
4728:
4718:
4716:
4715:. 14 April 2016
4707:
4706:
4702:
4692:
4690:
4682:
4681:
4677:
4663:
4659:
4649:
4647:
4641:
4637:
4627:
4625:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4596:
4592:
4583:
4582:
4575:
4570:(in Norwegian).
4561:
4557:
4547:
4545:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4520:
4516:
4506:
4504:
4497:
4491:
4487:
4473:
4464:
4457:
4453:
4448:(in Norwegian).
4444:(6 June 2006).
4439:
4432:
4417:
4413:
4402:
4398:
4384:
4380:
4375:(in Norwegian).
4369:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4329:
4327:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4299:
4297:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4274:
4272:
4262:Financial Times
4254:
4250:
4245:(in Norwegian).
4236:
4217:
4207:
4205:
4199:
4195:
4190:(in Norwegian).
4181:
4164:
4154:
4152:
4147:
4146:
4137:
4123:
4119:
4109:
4107:
4097:
4093:
4083:
4081:
4071:
4067:
4057:
4055:
4037:
4033:
4023:
4021:
4011:
4007:
3997:
3995:
3985:
3981:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3938:
3931:
3916:
3912:
3904:
3898:
3894:
3881:
3880:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3818:
3813:
3809:
3790:
3783:
3772:World Economics
3767:
3761:
3757:
3733:10.1.1.165.5696
3716:
3709:
3680:
3673:
3657:
3651:
3647:
3632:
3618:
3609:
3601:
3597:
3588:
3584:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3519:
3515:
3499:
3498:
3496:(in Norwegian).
3490:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3441:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3405:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3379:
3377:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3357:
3355:
3348:Financial Times
3338:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3305:
3296:
3280:
3274:
3270:
3239:
3232:
3217:
3213:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3186:
3185:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3151:
3147:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3115:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3051:
3044:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3021:500 million USD
3018:
3001:
2968:
2951:
2947:
2918:Folketrygdloven
2903:
2894:
2863:
2861:
2831:
2801:
2799:
2767:
2765:
2733:
2731:
2721:31 August 2005
2699:
2697:
2666:
2664:
2632:
2630:
2626:FMC Corporation
2594:
2592:
2564:
2562:
2532:United Kingdom
2526:
2524:
2520:BAE Systems plc
2481:
2479:
2442:
2412:
2410:
2385:
2383:
2358:
2356:
2331:
2329:
2304:
2302:
2277:
2275:
2250:
2248:
2225:
2223:
2198:
2196:
2171:
2169:
2146:
2144:
2119:
2117:
2092:
2090:
2057:
2055:
2030:
2028:
2003:
2001:
1978:
1976:
1955:Maintenance of
1949:United Kingdom
1943:
1941:
1937:Serco Group plc
1916:
1914:
1889:
1887:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1850:
1846:Rio Tinto Group
1825:
1823:
1798:
1796:
1767:
1765:
1740:
1738:
1719:Czech Republic
1713:
1711:
1701:
1680:
1678:
1653:
1651:
1626:
1624:
1605:United Kingdom
1599:
1597:
1572:
1570:
1545:
1543:
1519:
1517:
1492:
1490:
1467:
1465:
1440:
1438:
1413:
1411:
1386:
1384:
1365:United Kingdom
1359:
1357:
1332:
1330:
1307:
1305:
1280:
1278:
1253:
1251:
1226:
1224:
1198:
1196:
1171:
1169:
1159:
1138:
1136:
1111:
1109:
1081:
1079:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1019:
994:
992:
966:
964:
939:24 August 2010
930:
928:
911:United Kingdom
905:
903:
878:
876:
859:Maintenance of
847:
845:
820:
818:
786:
784:
759:
757:
732:
730:
705:
703:
683:24 August 2010
674:
672:
638:
513:
511:Ethical council
505:economic sector
472:destabilization
464:
424:
359:interdependence
355:
308:
241:
202:into which the
188:
165:ethical grounds
104:
63:
44:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6040:
6030:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5953:
5948:
5941:
5940:
5932:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5920:
5918:Name of Norway
5915:
5910:
5909:
5908:
5898:
5893:
5887:
5885:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5807:
5797:
5792:
5786:
5784:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5695:Climate change
5691:
5685:
5679:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5639:Stock Exchange
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5572:
5566:
5560:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5547:
5545:Prime Minister
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5466:
5460:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5424:Municipalities
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5399:Extreme points
5396:
5391:
5385:
5379:
5373:
5372:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5311:Denmark–Norway
5308:
5303:
5302:
5301:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5274:Petty kingdoms
5271:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5252:
5251:
5249: articles
5243:
5242:
5235:
5228:
5220:
5214:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5196:
5195:External links
5193:
5190:
5189:
5159:
5131:
5103:
5080:
5066:
5038:
5027:(in Norwegian)
5025:Regjeringen.no
5011:
4997:
4982:
4964:
4946:
4928:
4911:
4896:
4878:
4860:
4836:
4803:
4778:
4752:
4726:
4700:
4675:
4657:
4635:
4608:
4590:
4573:
4555:
4544:. 7 March 2022
4529:
4514:
4485:
4462:
4451:
4430:
4411:
4396:
4378:
4363:
4337:
4320:Bank of Norway
4307:
4282:
4248:
4215:
4193:
4162:
4135:
4117:
4091:
4065:
4031:
4013:Nikel, David.
4005:
3979:
3965:. 8 March 2019
3951:
3929:
3910:
3892:
3839:
3807:
3781:
3755:
3726:(6): 349–358.
3720:Intereconomics
3707:
3694:(267): 21–22.
3671:
3645:
3630:
3607:
3595:
3582:
3577:Partners Group
3557:
3532:
3513:
3484:
3468:"Market value"
3459:
3423:
3387:
3365:
3332:
3311:
3294:
3268:
3249:(4): 597–614.
3230:
3211:
3197:
3176:
3145:
3125:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3025:
2999:
2985:Holdings Inc,
2973:Inc, EADS Co (
2948:
2946:
2943:
2902:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2797:
2795:Dongfeng Group
2791:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2777:
2774:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2743:
2740:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2709:
2706:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2680:Western Sahara
2676:
2673:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:Western Sahara
2642:
2639:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2604:
2601:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2536:
2533:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2491:
2488:
2477:
2475:ST Engineering
2471:
2470:
2467:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2441:
2438:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2067:
2064:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2039:15 March 2011
2037:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1953:
1950:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1858:United Kingdom
1848:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1781:Western Sahara
1777:
1774:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1709:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1622:
1620:Norilsk Nickel
1616:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1568:
1566:Lorillard Inc.
1562:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1463:
1461:KT&G Corp.
1457:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1222:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1167:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1009:300 (or more)
1007:
1004:
1001:
990:
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
962:
955:
954:
951:
940:
937:
926:
922:
921:
918:
915:
912:
901:
895:
894:
891:
888:
885:
874:
868:
867:
864:
857:
854:
843:
841:Boeing Company
837:
836:
833:
830:
827:
816:
810:
809:
806:
796:
793:
782:
776:
775:
772:
769:
766:
755:
749:
748:
745:
742:
739:
728:
722:
721:
718:
715:
712:
701:
695:
694:
691:
684:
681:
670:
664:
663:
656:
653:
650:
647:
637:
634:
589:Peabody Energy
512:
509:
463:
460:
459:
458:
451:
443:
423:
420:
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5906:national flag
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5730:Incarceration
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5715:Ethnic groups
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5092:. Aftenposten
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3139:The Economist
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3053:Energy portal
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2897:in February.
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2789:2 March 2013
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2089:
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2086:Souza Cruz SA
2084:
2083:
2079:
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2068:
2066:17 June 2012
2065:
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2051:Shikun UVinui
2049:
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1528:8 March 2022
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1158:GenCorp, Inc.
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1075:Elbit Systems
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473:
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384:
383:supranational
380:
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367:socioeconomic
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5896:Coat of arms
5855:Prostitution
5810:
5800:
5790:Architecture
5705:Demographics
5659:Trade unions
5619:Nordic model
5585:
5480:Constitution
5358:21st century
5331:World War II
5306:Kalmar Union
5180:. Retrieved
5176:the original
5171:
5162:
5150:. Retrieved
5143:
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5122:. Retrieved
5115:
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5094:. Retrieved
5083:
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5058:the original
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5024:
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4196:
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4120:
4108:. Retrieved
4104:
4094:
4082:. Retrieved
4078:
4068:
4056:. Retrieved
4045:The Guardian
4044:
4034:
4022:. Retrieved
4018:
4008:
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3992:
3982:
3974:
3967:. Retrieved
3954:
3946:The Guardian
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3887:the original
3830:. Retrieved
3823:the original
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3471:
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3437:
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3414:. Retrieved
3401:
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3378:. Retrieved
3368:
3358:19 September
3356:. Retrieved
3347:
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3323:. Retrieved
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3167:. Retrieved
3158:
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3116:. Retrieved
3112:
3103:
3028:
3020:
2922:
2912:
2904:
2895:
2883:
2832:
2776:11 Oct 2005
2742:30 Jun 2005
2708:30 Jun 2005
2687:30 Jun 2006
2675:29 Apr 2005
2654:11 Jan 2013
2641:30 Sep 2011
2620:11 Jan 2013
2603:11 Oct 2005
2573:29 Jan 2007
2552:11 Jan 2013
2535:11 Oct 2005
2514:30 Sep 2016
2490:26 Apr 2002
2443:
2435:
2432:
2379:Zijin Mining
2367:28 Mar 2006
2313:28 Aug 2007
2286:19 Jan 2010
2234:19 Jan 2010
2207:30 Jan 2009
2192:Textron Inc.
2155:19 Jan 2010
2101:19 Jan 2010
1959:through the
1952:15 Nov 2007
1925:11 Oct 2005
1898:23 Aug 2010
1871:28 Apr 2008
1834:19 Jan 2010
1807:30 Jun 2005
1776:30 Sep 2011
1749:30 Sep 2006
1746:South Korea
1722:19 Jan 2010
1689:19 Jan 2010
1662:11 Oct 2005
1581:19 Jan 2010
1554:30 Jun 2005
1476:19 Jan 2010
1473:South Korea
1422:19 Jan 2010
1395:19 Jan 2010
1368:19 Jan 2010
1316:11 Oct 2005
1289:15 May 2007
1286:South Korea
1262:19 Jan 2010
1235:15 Feb 2011
1207:30 Jun 2005
1180:15 Nov 2007
1120:28 Mar 2006
1060:30 Jun 2005
925:Danya Cebus
914:19 Jan 2010
887:19 Jan 2010
856:11 Oct 2005
795:30 Jan 2009
768:19 Jan 2010
741:30 Jun 2005
714:19 Jan 2010
639:
627:
620:
616:
605:
586:
582:
578:
553:
541:
537:nuclear arms
533:human rights
529:
521:fossil fuels
514:
465:
436:state budget
427:
425:
412:transparency
356:
347:
335:stock market
332:
328:
317:
292:global trade
242:
233:
214:
198:, SPU) is a
189:
171:
169:
148:
144:
140:
138:
117:
115:
105:
69:Headquarters
49:Company type
25:
5870:Nationalism
5725:Immigration
5601:Natural gas
5515:LGBT rights
5505:Governments
5284:Unification
5096:20 February
5031:26 February
4713:Norges Bank
4356:7 September
4330:7 September
4300:26 February
4275:26 February
4126:Norges Bank
3802:10419/53268
3472:www.nbim.no
3380:27 February
2872:6 Dec 2011
2810:March 2009
2755:3 Sep 2009
2582:3 Sep 2009
2012:8 May 2013
1341:8 May 2013
1219:Grupo Carso
1090:3 Sep 2009
1047:Netherlands
987:Duke Energy
562:wiretapping
375:nationalist
363:sovereignty
339:real estate
280:policy tool
249:hydrocarbon
108:Norges Bank
5966:Categories
5845:Literature
5804:(clothing)
5752:Norwegians
5735:Irreligion
5608:(currency)
5530:Parliament
5279:Viking Age
5269:Bronze Age
5152:31 January
5124:29 October
4829:10 January
4796:10 January
4771:10 January
4765:Etikkrådet
4745:10 January
4650:2 December
4628:2 December
4208:2 December
4110:1 December
3998:19 October
3969:19 October
3477:10 January
3169:26 October
3095:References
2495:land mines
2487:Singapore
1868:Australia
1338:Hong Kong
1259:Indonesia
1221:SAB de CV
601:Coal India
484:free trade
288:global GDP
268:oil shocks
260:oil prices
256:volatility
239:Background
209:Oljefondet
161:portfolios
149:Oljefondet
5830:Jante law
5811:Christmas
5740:Languages
5710:Education
5664:Transport
5581:Fisheries
5495:Elections
5419:Mountains
5394:Districts
5377:Geography
5353:1945–2000
5264:Stone Age
5182:6 January
4824:0585-3923
4736:"History"
4507:19 August
4350:TheStreet
4270:0307-1766
4155:30 August
4053:0261-3077
3778:(4): 1–7.
3728:CiteSeerX
3527:Bloomberg
3263:153841260
2995:Thales SA
2822:Dec 2014
2727:Thales SA
2256:Malaysia
2177:Malaysia
1910:SAFRAN SA
1895:Malaysia
1498:Malaysia
884:Malaysia
593:Arch Coal
440:inflation
276:exporters
252:resources
192:Norwegian
128:) is the
122:Norwegian
5946:Category
5814:(season)
5767:Religion
5757:Pensions
5644:Taxation
5591:Industry
5525:Monarchy
5520:Military
5458:Politics
4719:15 April
4548:18 April
4084:11 March
4058:12 March
4024:12 March
3796:: 1–55.
3750:55129408
3502:cite web
3352:Archived
3227:: 11–14.
3163:Archived
3039:See also
2991:Raytheon
2886:Goldcorp
2839:Company
2450:Company
1380:ITC Ltd.
961:Co Ltd.
646:Company
501:industry
497:exposure
447:volatile
428:Oil Fund
377:type of
300:services
272:real GDP
264:oil boom
245:economic
5937:Outline
5884:Symbols
5825:Cuisine
5782:Culture
5762:Poverty
5683:Society
5669:Whaling
5654:Tourism
5564:Economy
5414:Mammals
5404:Islands
5389:Climate
5256:History
5145:Reuters
5117:Reuters
4105:Reuters
4079:Reuters
3452:9 April
3416:5 April
3325:23 June
3192:nbim.no
3118:21 June
2993:Co and
2869:France
2851:Shares
2848:Reason
2815:Myanmar
2739:France
2459:Reason
2152:Sweden
2098:Brazil
2063:Israel
1922:France
1773:Canada
1632:Russia
1513:Li-Ning
1232:Mexico
1087:Israel
1037:Germany
936:Israel
792:Canada
680:Israel
655:Reason
630:Reuters
544:RepRisk
455:ethical
450:market.
371:project
225:Equinor
204:surplus
59:Founded
5951:Portal
5913:Mottos
5891:Anthem
5820:Cinema
5720:Health
5606:Krone
5596:Mining
5576:Energy
5535:Police
5490:Courts
5439:Rivers
5429:Cities
5247:Norway
4822:
4693:17 May
4688:Forbes
4268:
4051:
4019:Forbes
3832:1 July
3748:
3730:
3638:
3628:
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3404:]
3291:: 1–9.
3261:
3188:"Home"
3159:e24.no
2867:
2857:Alstom
2807:China
2805:
2771:
2737:
2703:
2670:
2636:
2600:Italy
2598:
2568:
2530:
2485:
2418:India
2416:
2391:China
2389:
2362:
2335:
2308:
2281:
2254:
2229:
2202:
2175:
2150:
2125:India
2123:
2096:
2061:
2036:China
2034:
2007:
1984:India
1982:
1947:
1920:
1893:
1866:
1856:
1829:
1802:
1771:
1744:
1717:
1684:
1657:
1630:
1603:
1576:
1549:
1525:China
1523:
1496:
1471:
1444:
1419:Japan
1417:
1392:India
1390:
1363:
1336:
1311:
1284:
1257:
1230:
1202:
1175:
1142:
1115:
1085:
1057:Spain
1055:
1045:
1035:
1027:France
1025:
1015:Airbus
998:
972:China
970:
934:
909:
882:
851:
824:
790:
763:
736:
709:
678:
595:, and
572:, and
525:decree
422:Debate
176:Nordic
77:Norway
5901:Flags
5865:Sport
5850:Media
5835:Music
5801:Bunad
5772:Women
5700:Crime
5409:Lakes
5061:(PDF)
5050:(PDF)
4923:(PDF)
4855:(PDF)
4498:(PDF)
3963:(PDF)
3905:(PDF)
3826:(PDF)
3819:(PDF)
3768:(PDF)
3746:S2CID
3658:(PDF)
3636:JSTOR
3569:(PDF)
3544:(PDF)
3442:(PDF)
3436:[
3406:(PDF)
3400:[
3281:(PDF)
3259:S2CID
2945:Notes
2781:ICBMs
2337:Peru
1161:(now
1126:17.2
861:ICBMs
574:Burma
570:Syria
403:firms
296:goods
98:Owner
42:Krone
5184:2022
5154:2011
5126:2010
5098:2010
5033:2017
4831:2024
4820:ISSN
4798:2024
4773:2024
4747:2024
4721:2016
4695:2023
4652:2016
4630:2016
4550:2022
4509:2012
4358:2016
4332:2016
4302:2017
4277:2017
4266:ISSN
4210:2016
4157:2010
4112:2021
4086:2021
4060:2021
4049:ISSN
4026:2021
4000:2019
3971:2019
3834:2014
3692:2008
3668:(3).
3626:ISBN
3548:Oslo
3508:link
3479:2017
3454:2011
3418:2011
3382:2018
3360:2017
3327:2017
3171:2019
3120:2023
2878:N/A
2819:N/A
2786:N/A
2773:USA
2752:N/A
2718:N/A
2705:USA
2672:USA
2638:USA
2617:N/A
2612:MBDA
2579:0.6
2549:N/A
2544:MBDA
2511:N/A
2427:N/A
2400:N/A
2373:372
2364:USA
2346:7.5
2292:2.1
2283:USA
2265:N/A
2231:USA
2204:USA
2186:N/A
2134:N/A
2107:7.4
2080:1.4
2045:N/A
2018:N/A
2009:USA
1993:N/A
1966:N/A
1931:N/A
1904:1.4
1877:882
1831:USA
1813:N/A
1804:USA
1786:274
1755:1.2
1728:2.7
1695:476
1686:USA
1668:N/A
1659:USA
1641:N/A
1614:N/A
1578:USA
1560:N/A
1551:USA
1507:N/A
1455:N/A
1446:USA
1428:210
1374:347
1347:N/A
1322:N/A
1313:USA
1295:1.2
1241:N/A
1213:N/A
1204:USA
1186:N/A
1177:USA
1153:N/A
1117:USA
1099:5.0
1069:N/A
1065:MBDA
1000:USA
981:N/A
953:N/A
920:683
893:9.4
866:N/A
853:USA
835:N/A
826:USA
808:245
774:131
765:USA
747:N/A
738:USA
720:0.9
711:USA
693:1.2
566:Iran
517:arms
492:OECD
474:and
407:OECD
361:and
298:and
200:fund
170:The
139:The
116:The
73:Oslo
64:1990
62:1967
5795:Art
5629:Oil
3798:hdl
3738:doi
3696:doi
3251:doi
2977:),
2842:HQ
2684:54
2651:52
2464:USD
2453:HQ
2319:12
2310:UK
2213:36
2161:75
2073:in
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