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severely criticize Gray's handling of the hearings. Gray allowed AEC lawyers to brief the board for a full week without
Oppenheimer's counsel being present. Moreover, Gray let the prosecutors use documents and testimonies to which Oppenheimer's attorneys were denied access, as well as material that
792:, that "if I had to make a choice between a complete system of publicly supported higher education or a complete system of private higher education, I would choose the latter as a greater safeguard of the things for which we live." Less than a year later, Secretary of Defense
697:
radio. He added WSJS-FM in 1947 and WSJS-TV in 1953. He sold the newspapers in 1968, but formed
Triangle Broadcasting to hold onto WSJS-AM-FM-TV. He also bought the local cable franchise for Winston-Salem, a move that forced him to sell off the broadcasting outlets in 1972.
752:'s security clearance. The Gray Board, as it was known, issued its split decision on May 27, 1954, with Gray and Thomas A. Morgan recommending the revocation, despite their finding that Oppenheimer was a "loyal citizen."
756:, a conservative Republican and the third member of the board, dissented, saying that most of the allegations against Oppenheimer had been heard before, in 1947, when he had originally received his clearance. In
3101:
771:
had been obtained by illegal means, including unwarranted wiretaps. Sherwin and Bird called the Gray Board a "veritable kangaroo court in which the head judge accepted the prosecutor's lead".
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709:'s forces. Gray's service to the federal government began with his appointment as President Harry S. Truman's assistant secretary of the army in 1947; two years later, he was appointed
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from 1939 to 1943 and from 1947 to 1949, representing
Forsyth County. He entered the U.S. Army in 1942 as a private and rose to captain, serving in Europe with General
1740:
725:; he remained in the post until his resignation in January 1952, all the while continuing to lead the University of North Carolina. He was the second president of the
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in 1933 and practiced law for two years in New York City before returning to
Winston-Salem. UNC presented Gray with an honorary law degree in 1949.
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973:
Crow, Jeffrey J. (April 2008). "'The
Paradox and the Dilemma': Gordon Gray and the J. Robert Oppenheimer Security Clearance Hearing".
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Records of the White House Office of the
Special Assistant for National Security Affairs, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library
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and
Nathalie Lyons Gray. He was married in 1938 to the former Jane Boyden Craige, and they had four sons: Gordon Gray Jr.,
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Gray shocked proponents of public education in North
Carolina when he said, in a November 1954 Founder's Day speech at
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under
Presidents John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard M. Nixon and Gerald R. Ford. In 1976, he was awarded the
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634:, a graduate of Harvard and the University of North Carolina Law School, served as White House counsel for President
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830:, a group of business, civic, education, and other leaders interested in economic development in Washington, D.C.
578:(May 30, 1909 – November 26, 1982) was an American attorney and government official during the administrations of
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1407:
1188:
1117:
Inventory of the Office of
President of the University of North Carolina (System): Gordon Gray Records, 1950-1955
796:
named Gray assistant secretary for international security affairs and Gray's brief career in academia was ended.
702:
619:
and Bernard Gray. After Jane's death, Gray married the former Nancy Maguire Beebe. His father Bowman, his uncle
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Gordon Gray, ordered West Point to add a portrait of Lee wearing Confederate gray at the “height of his fame.
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717:” He served in this post from 1949 until 1950. The following year he became director of the newly formed
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Gray began his public life as a lawyer. In 1937, he bought the Piedmont Publishing Company, owner of the
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in 1957, where he served until the office's consolidation in 1958. Eisenhower then appointed Gray his
1983:
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1998:
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20:
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785:. In 2022 Department of Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm set aside the revocation findings.
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from 1958 until 1961. On January 18, 1961, President Eisenhower awarded Gray the
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753:
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642:, also a graduate of both North Carolina and Yale, is a former member of the
527:
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1063:
Hailey, Albon B. (January 9, 1962). "Gray Elected to Federal Council Post".
839:, chairman of the board of Piedmont Publishing Company, and chairman of the
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United States Army Heritage and Education Center, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
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American Prometheus: The Triumph And Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer
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American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer
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31:
1043:
https://discover.lanl.gov/news/1220-oppenheimer-security-clearance/
1000:
956:"Staff Member and Office Files: Psychological Strategy Board Files"
767:
604:
428:
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1262:
Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs
256:
Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs
1127:
Papers of Gordon Gray, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library
1082:"Gordon Gray, Former Secretary Of U.S. Army, Dies at Age 73"
694:
3279:
Leaders of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
799:
President Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed Gray to head the
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and later his brother, Bowman Gray Jr., were all heads of
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Administrator of the Federal Civil Defense Administration
2290:
Assistants to the President for National Security Affairs
851:
Gray died on November 26, 1982, of cancer in his home in
586:(1953–61) associated with defense and national security.
2962:
Director of the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization
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Presidents of the University of North Carolina System
3112:
Presidents of the University of North Carolina System
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3319:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
1008:
3240:
3126:presidents prior to consolidation in 1931, see
960:Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum
813:President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
670:fraternity (Beta chapter) & the secretive,
3299:United States Assistant Secretaries of Defense
2912:Director of the Office of Defense Mobilization
1153:Secretaries of War and Secretaries of the Army
931:Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA
3095:
2495:
2274:
1380:
1157:United States Army Center of Military History
874:portrays Gordon in the 2023 epic biopic film
721:which planned for and coordinated government
3314:United States Under Secretaries of the Army
2785:Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
999:
914:ZSR Library-Gray Family Antique Photo Album
897:Lyons Gray picked for top state revenue job
3102:
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2502:
2488:
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268:July 14, 1955 – February 27, 1957
138:
3269:Eisenhower administration cabinet members
1216:United States Under Secretary of the Army
727:Consolidated University of North Carolina
491:University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
321:October 12, 1950 – June 10, 1955
165:June 24, 1958 – January 13, 1961
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
3304:United States National Security Advisors
904:(12-21-2012). Retrieved August 13, 2019.
841:National Trust for Historic Preservation
826:From 1962 to 1963, Gray was head of the
364:April 28, 1949 – April 12, 1950
662:for high school. He graduated from the
644:North Carolina House of Representatives
218:March 14, 1957 – June 24, 1958
153:United States National Security Advisor
3241:
2893:Director of the Mutual Security Agency
1062:
924:
3309:United States Secretaries of the Army
3083:
2981:Chair of the Atomic Energy Commission
2822:
2529:
2483:
2262:
1368:
1079:
2831:Director of the Bureau of the Budget
1144:Undersecretary of the Army biography
972:
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
1347:University of North Carolina System
1235:United States Secretary of the Army
352:United States Secretary of the Army
309:University of North Carolina System
13:
666:in 1930, where he was a member of
650:, and state Secretary of Revenue.
14:
3335:
3284:Military personnel from Baltimore
3259:20th-century American politicians
3025:White House Deputy Chief of Staff
2823:
1168:Gordon Gray Photograph Collection
1110:
1080:Smith, J.Y. (November 27, 1982).
674:. He earned his law degree from
646:, chief financial officer of the
2868:Ambassador to the United Nations
2555:
2468:
1905:
1898:
1396:United States Secretaries of War
975:North Carolina Historical Review
681:
538:
520:
30:
1189:Assistant Secretary of the Army
1163:The American Presidency Project
1092:
1073:
833:Gray was also publisher of the
703:North Carolina General Assembly
648:Environmental Protection Agency
41:needs additional citations for
3324:Woodberry Forest School alumni
1290:Office of Defense Mobilization
1119:, in the University Archives,
1056:
1047:
1036:
993:
966:
948:
918:
907:
890:
817:United States Military Academy
801:Office of Defense Mobilization
206:Office of Defense Mobilization
1:
3289:North Carolina state senators
3050:White House Cabinet Secretary
1100:"Gray, Gordon | NCpedia"
883:
861:Winston-Salem, North Carolina
748:, which recommended revoking
625:R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
65:"Gordon Gray" politician
3124:University of North Carolina
1015:(1st ed.). A.A. Knopf.
719:Psychological Strategy Board
664:University of North Carolina
653:
589:
7:
2530:
934:. Ivan R. Dee. p. 82.
866:
10:
3340:
3231:indicate acting president.
3000:White House Chief of Staff
2553:
636:George Herbert Walker Bush
18:
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2691:Secretary of the Interior
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2591:Secretary of the Treasury
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1314:National Security Advisor
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805:National Security Advisor
691:, The Twin City Sentinel,
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2882:James Jeremiah Wadsworth
2716:Secretary of Agriculture
846:
723:psychological operations
599:Gordon Gray was born in
3143:Consolidated University
736:In 1954 Gray chaired a
660:Woodberry Forest School
3274:Lawyers from Baltimore
1053:quoted in Crow, p. 188
447:Washington, D.C., U.S.
21:Gordon Gray (cardinal)
19:For the cardinal, see
2876:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
2768:Martin Patrick Durkin
2735:Secretary of Commerce
1721:Assistant Secretaries
1149:Gordan Gray biography
901:Winston-Salem Journal
836:Winston-Salem Journal
821:Sylvanus Thayer Award
711:Secretary of the Army
689:Winston-Salem Journal
658:Gordon Gray attended
552:Years of service
2749:Frederick H. Mueller
2655:Herbert Brownell Jr.
2624:Charles Erwin Wilson
2616:Secretary of Defense
2518:Dwight D. Eisenhower
828:Federal City Council
794:Charles Erwin Wilson
50:improve this article
2636:Thomas S. Gates Jr.
1298:Position abolished
1086:The Washington Post
1066:The Washington Post
811:. He served on the
731:Frank Porter Graham
668:Delta Kappa Epsilon
467:Nancy Maguire Beebe
16:American politician
3264:Bowman Gray family
2760:Secretary of Labor
2680:Arthur Summerfield
2672:Postmaster General
2605:Robert B. Anderson
2599:George M. Humphrey
2574:John Foster Dulles
2566:Secretary of State
1177:Political offices
1132:2014-04-24 at the
1005:Sherwin, Martin J.
750:Robert Oppenheimer
546:United States Army
465:Jane Boyden Craige
250:Position abolished
3236:
3235:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3064:Robert Keith Gray
2851:Percival Brundage
2814:
2813:
2774:James P. Mitchell
2661:William P. Rogers
2477:
2476:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2069:Under Secretaries
1894:
1893:
1866:Under Secretaries
1363:
1362:
1354:Succeeded by
1345:President of the
1331:Academic offices
1321:Succeeded by
1272:Mansfield Sprague
1269:Succeeded by
1242:Succeeded by
1196:Succeeded by
855:He was buried at
777:Christopher Nolan
701:He served in the
672:Order of Gimghoul
621:James A. Gray Jr.
584:Dwight Eisenhower
573:
572:
440:November 26, 1982
307:President of the
301:Mansfield Sprague
277:Dwight Eisenhower
227:Dwight Eisenhower
174:Dwight Eisenhower
126:
125:
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100:
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3039:Gerald D. Morgan
2820:
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2799:Marion B. Folsom
2793:Oveta Culp Hobby
2724:Ezra Taft Benson
2647:Attorney General
2580:Christian Herter
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1336:Preceded by
1304:Preceded by
1288:Director of the
1279:Preceded by
1252:Preceded by
1225:Preceded by
1206:Preceded by
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853:Washington, D.C.
809:Medal of Freedom
790:Guilford College
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511:Military service
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407:Personal details
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204:Director of the
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2920:Arthur Flemming
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2630:Neil H. McElroy
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1282:Arthur Flemming
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1201:
1192:
1134:Wayback Machine
1121:UNC-Chapel Hill
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886:
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849:
684:
676:Yale Law School
656:
609:Bowman Gray Sr.
597:
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539:
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521:
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500:Yale University
498:
466:
452:Political party
446:
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239:Arthur Flemming
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3033:Wilton Persons
3029:
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3018:
3017:
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1088:. p. B4.
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729:, succeeding
728:
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475:4, including
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67: –
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61:Find sources:
55:
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45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
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3134:}}
3128:{{
3121:
2945:Val Peterson
2925:
2839:Joseph Dodge
2321:
2094:A. Alexander
2083:
1999:C. Alexander
1943:
1786:Breckinridge
1344:
1339:Frank Graham
1312:
1297:
1287:
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1187:
1182:
1152:
1094:
1085:
1075:
1069:. p. A1
1064:
1058:
1049:
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1010:
995:
978:
974:
968:
950:
930:
926:Prados, John
920:
909:
899:
892:
875:
872:Tony Goldwyn
870:
850:
834:
832:
825:
798:
787:
780:
773:Tony Goldwyn
757:
735:
707:Omar Bradley
700:
687:
685:
657:
629:
598:
580:Harry Truman
575:
574:
442:(1982-11-26)
422:May 30, 1909
392:Succeeded by
373:Harry Truman
359:
339:Succeeded by
332:Frank Graham
316:
296:Succeeded by
263:
246:Succeeded by
213:
193:Succeeded by
160:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
3254:1982 deaths
3249:1909 births
3131:UNC leaders
3066:(1958–1961)
3060:(1954–1958)
3041:(1958–1961)
3035:(1953–1958)
3016:(1958–1961)
3010:(1953–1958)
2991:(1958–1961)
2972:(1958–1961)
2953:(1957–1958)
2947:(1953–1957)
2928:(1957–1958)
2926:Gordon Gray
2922:(1953–1957)
2884:(1960–1961)
2878:(1953–1960)
2859:(1958–1961)
2853:(1956–1958)
2847:(1954–1956)
2841:(1953–1954)
2807:(1958–1961)
2801:(1955–1958)
2795:(1953–1955)
2776:(1953–1961)
2751:(1959–1961)
2745:(1953–1958)
2726:(1953–1961)
2707:(1956–1961)
2701:(1953–1956)
2682:(1953–1961)
2663:(1957–1961)
2657:(1953–1957)
2638:(1959–1961)
2632:(1957–1959)
2626:(1953–1957)
2607:(1957–1961)
2601:(1953–1957)
2582:(1959–1961)
2576:(1953–1959)
2548:(1953–1961)
2520:(1953–1961)
2071:of the Army
1931:of the Army
1929:Secretaries
1918:of the Army
1536:G. Crawford
1476:W. Crawford
1421:Secretaries
1413:(1789–1947)
1357:Bill Friday
877:Oppenheimer
782:Oppenheimer
576:Gordon Gray
380:Preceded by
344:Bill Friday
327:Preceded by
284:Preceded by
234:Preceded by
181:Preceded by
132:Gordon Gray
3243:Categories
3186:UNC System
3155:Carmichael
2373:Poindexter
2347:Brzezinski
2104:E. Johnson
1916:Department
1841:L. Johnson
1806:Wainwright
1771:Meiklejohn
1606:R. Lincoln
1591:J. Cameron
1561:S. Cameron
1431:B. Lincoln
1408:Department
1351:1950–1955
1318:1958–1961
1294:1957–1958
1266:1955–1957
1245:Frank Pace
1239:1949–1950
1193:1947–1948
1183:New office
884:References
640:Lyons Gray
516:Allegiance
456:Democratic
418:1909-05-30
397:Frank Pace
76:newspapers
3218:Spellings
2970:Leo Hoegh
2951:Leo Hoegh
2515:President
2449:Kupperman
2388:Scowcroft
2368:McFarlane
2342:Scowcroft
2337:Kissinger
2244:Camarillo
2239:McPherson
2159:Augustine
2139:McGiffert
2099:Bendetsen
1876:Patterson
1846:Patterson
1706:Patterson
1651:Dickinson
1571:Schofield
1521:J. Porter
1491:P. Porter
1466:Armstrong
1441:Pickering
1324:Mac Bundy
1028:April 29,
1001:Bird, Kai
744:chairman
738:committee
733:in 1950.
654:Education
630:His son,
601:Baltimore
590:Biography
555:1942–1945
487:Education
462:Spouse(s)
425:Baltimore
369:President
360:In office
317:In office
273:President
264:In office
223:President
214:In office
170:President
161:In office
3198:Spangler
2460:Sullivan
2451:(acting)
2439:McMaster
2435:(acting)
2378:Carlucci
2359:(acting)
2313:(acting)
2306:Anderson
2234:McCarthy
2219:Westphal
2204:Brownlee
2199:Dahlberg
2129:Ignatius
2114:Finucane
2089:Voorhees
2054:McCarthy
1994:Hoffmann
1989:Callaway
1984:Froehlke
1856:Petersen
1836:Woodring
1816:MacNider
1811:D. Davis
1801:Williams
1791:Ingraham
1696:Woodring
1676:D. Davis
1661:Garrison
1611:Endicott
1546:J. Davis
1506:Poinsett
1456:Dearborn
1400:the Army
1130:Archived
1007:(2005).
987:23523398
928:(2006).
867:In media
768:Kai Bird
605:Maryland
472:Children
429:Maryland
3229:Italics
2531:Cabinet
2511:Cabinet
2455:O'Brien
2433:Kellogg
2423:S. Rice
2418:Donilon
2403:C. Rice
2311:Jackson
2194:Rostker
2179:Shannon
2169:Ambrose
2164:LaBerge
2059:Wormuth
2044:Fanning
2019:Caldera
1959:Brucker
1954:Stevens
1821:Robbins
1796:Crowell
1746:Wolcott
1701:Stimson
1656:Stimson
1641:W. Taft
1616:Proctor
1596:McCrary
1586:A. Taft
1581:Belknap
1576:Rawlins
1566:Stanton
1526:Wilkins
1516:Spencer
1486:Barbour
1481:Calhoun
1446:McHenry
564:Captain
90:scholar
3208:Bowles
3193:Friday
3177:Friday
3171:Friday
3150:Graham
2903:(1953)
2770:(1953)
2444:Bolton
2408:Hadley
2398:Berger
2383:Powell
2332:Rostow
2317:Cutler
2301:Cutler
2229:Murphy
2224:Carson
2189:Walker
2184:Reeder
2154:Staudt
2149:BeLieu
2119:Milton
2109:Slezak
2079:Draper
2039:McHugh
2029:Harvey
1939:Royall
1886:Draper
1881:Royall
1868:of War
1851:McCloy
1826:Hurley
1781:Oliver
1776:Sanger
1756:Eckert
1741:Tucker
1736:Watson
1723:of War
1711:Royall
1686:Hurley
1646:Wright
1626:Lamont
1621:Elkins
1601:Ramsey
1541:Conrad
1471:Monroe
1461:Eustis
1451:Dexter
1423:of War
1410:of War
1019:
985:
938:
595:Family
543:
525:
481:Boyden
477:Burton
431:, U.S.
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
3203:Broad
3165:Purks
2428:Flynn
2413:Jones
2363:Clark
2357:Nance
2352:Allen
2327:Bundy
2209:Geren
2174:Stone
2134:Resor
2124:Ailes
2049:Esper
2034:Geren
2024:White
2009:Stone
2004:Marsh
1979:Resor
1974:Ailes
1969:Vance
1964:Stahr
1831:Payne
1761:Grant
1731:Scott
1671:Weeks
1666:Baker
1631:Alger
1551:Floyd
1531:Marcy
1496:Eaton
1220:1949
983:JSTOR
847:Death
97:JSTOR
83:books
3213:Ross
3160:Gray
3122:For
2393:Lake
2322:Gray
2214:Ford
2144:Beal
2084:Gray
2014:West
1949:Pace
1944:Gray
1751:Dana
1691:Dern
1681:Good
1636:Root
1556:Holt
1511:Bell
1501:Cass
1436:Knox
1398:and
1030:2019
1017:ISBN
936:ISBN
766:and
695:WSJS
693:and
560:Rank
479:and
436:Died
412:Born
350:2nd
151:4th
69:news
2513:of
1766:Doe
1151:in
859:in
819:'s
742:AEC
713:.
504:LLB
52:by
3245::
1155:,
1084:.
1003:;
979:85
977:.
958:.
880:.
863:.
843:.
823:.
627:.
615:,
603:,
495:BA
427:,
3136:.
3103:e
3096:t
3089:v
2503:e
2496:t
2489:v
2282:e
2275:t
2268:v
1388:e
1381:t
1374:v
1159:.
1123:.
1102:.
1032:.
989:.
962:.
944:.
761:,
506:)
502:(
497:)
493:(
420:)
416:(
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
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