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879:. The influence of Googie was prominently seen in the architecture and signage of Los Angeles and Las Vegas circa 1945–1970, where many of the same architects who designed Googie coffee shops in Los Angeles went on to design some of the seminal hotels and casinos in Las Vegas. Private clients were the main patrons of Googie. Ultimately, the style became unfashionable and, over time, numerous examples of the Googie style have either fallen into disrepair or been destroyed completely.
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353:, where business hubs could be interspersed with residential areas. The suburbs offered less congestion by offering the same businesses, but accessible by car. Instead of one main store downtown, businesses now had multiple stores in suburban areas. This new trend required owners and architects to develop a visual imagery so customers would recognize it from the road. This modern consumer architecture was based on communication.
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831:, a "Doo Wop Preservation League" works with local business and property owners, city planning and zoning officials, and the state's historic preservation office, to help ensure that the remaining historic structures will be preserved. Wildwood's high-rise hotel district has been the first in the US to enforce "Doo Wop" design guidelines for new construction.
852:, extending and reinterpreting technological themes for the new conditions of the 1950s. While 1930s architecture was relatively simple, Googie embraced opulence. Hess argues that the reason for this was that the vision of the future of the 1930s was obsolete by 1950 and thus the architecture evolved along with it. During the 1930s, Streamlined trains and
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793:, most developers did not think they were worth preserving as cultural artifacts. The publication of Googie by Alan Hess in 1986 inspired a new appreciation for the style. Despite the humble origins of Googie, Hess writes that, "Googie architecture is an important part of the history of suburbia." Googie was a symbol of the
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during the 1930s; though he did not have formal training as an architect, he had been offered a scholarship at the architecture school at the
University of Pennsylvania because of his skill. McAllister developed a brand for coffee shop chains by developing a style for each client – which also allowed
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and travel during the 1930s, Streamline
Moderne became popular because of the high energy silhouettes its sleek designs created. These buildings featured rounded edges, large pylons and neon lights, all symbolizing, according to Hess, "invisible forces of speed and energy", that reflect the influx of
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Editor
Douglas Haskell described the abstract Googie style, saying that "If it looks like a bird, this must be a geometric bird." Also, the buildings must appear to defy gravity, as Haskell noted: "whenever possible, the building must hang from the sky". Haskell's third tenet for Googie was that it
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The new smaller suburban drive-in restaurants were essentially architectural signboards advertising the business to vehicles on the road. This was achieved by using bold style choices, including large pylons with elevated signs, bold neon letters and circular pavilions. Hess writes that because of
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It was the 1950s. America was a superpower, and the Los
Angeles area was a center of it. The space race was on. A car culture was emerging. So were millions of postwar babies. Businesses needed ways to get families out of their automobiles and into coffee shops, bowling alleys, gas stations and
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had advanced car-oriented architectural design, as they were built with an expressive utilitarian style, circular and surrounded by a parking lot, allowing all customers equal access from their cars. These developments in consumer-oriented design set the stage for Googie during the 1950s, since
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during the early 1990s to describe the unique, space-age architectural style. Many of
Wildwood's Doo-Wop motels were built by Lou Morey, who specialized in such designs. His Ebb Tide Motel, built during 1957 and demolished during 2003, is credited as the first Doo-Wop motel in Wildwood Crest.
307:
Though
Haskell coined the term Googie and was an advocate of modernism, he did not appreciate the Googie aesthetic. In his article he used the fictional Professor Thrugg's overly effusive praise to mock Googie, at the same time lampooning Hollywood, which he felt informed the aesthetic.
786:, shunned Googie. As Hess notes, beginning during the 1970s, commercial buildings were meant to blend into the urban environment and not attract attention. By the mid 1960s, the novelty of Googie was starting to wane and there was a backlash against the flashy style.
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Googie-style signs usually boast sharp and bold angles, intended to suggest the aerodynamic features of a rocket ship. Also, at the time, the unique architecture was a form of architectural expressionism, as space rockets were technological novelties at the time.
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The boomerang shape was another design element that captured movement. It was used structurally in place of a pillar or aesthetically as a stylized arrow. Hess writes that the boomerang was a stylistic rendering of a directional energy field.
732:, features an array of motel designs, colorfully described by such sub-styles as Vroom, Pu-Pu Platter, Phony Colonee and more. The district is known collectively as the Wildwoods Shore Resort Historic District by the State of New Jersey.
417:, so, in order to draw their attention, architects used these as motifs in their work. Buildings had been used to catch the attention of motorists since the invention of the car, but during the 1950s the style became more widespread.
299:
were driving through Los
Angeles one day. Haskell insisted on stopping the car upon seeing Googies and proclaimed "This is Googie architecture." He popularized the name after an article he wrote appeared in a 1952 edition of
782:, Googie began to fall out of style. The architectural community rarely appreciated or accepted Googie, considering it too flashy and vernacular for academic praise, and so the architecture of the 1970s, especially the
613:. The ornamental design is in the form of, as Hess writes, "a high-energy explosion". This shape is an example of non-utilitarian design, as the star shape has no actual function but merely serves as a design element.
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The architect
Michael Hsu designed multiple restaurants for the Austin-based restaurant P. Terry's in the Googie style. Each location is uniquely designed, featuring oblique shapes, color, and large geometric roofs.
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during the 1930s was characterized by the initial influx of the automobile and the service industry that evolved to cater to it. With car ownership increasing, cities no longer had to be centered on a central
272:, which had distinct architectural characteristics. The name "Googie" had been a family nickname of Lillian K. Burton, the wife of the restaurant's original owner, Mortimer C. Burton, and aunt of musician
89:
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have more than one theme—more than one structural system. Because of its need to be noticed from moving automobiles along the commercial strip, Googie was not a style noted for its subtlety.
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after its demolition on
January 7, 2007. Many Googie structures have fallen into disrepair or been destroyed. (This one was rebuilt incorporating the surviving architectural elements.)
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652:, was partially demolished in 2006. However, through the efforts of citizens, the city of Downey, and historic preservationists, the structure was rebuilt and reopened in 2009 as a
609:: Starbursts are an ornament that is common with the Googie style, showing its Space Age and whimsical influences. Perhaps the most notable example of the starburst appears on the
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Streamline
Moderne, much like Googie, was styled to look futuristic to signal the beginning of a new era – that of the automobile and other technologies. Drive-in services such as
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589:: This is the one particular element in which architects were creating a unique structure. Many Googie style coffee shops, and other structures, have a roof that appears to be
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administrations made competing with the Soviets for dominance in space a national priority of considerable urgency and importance. This marked the beginning of the so-called "
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style of the 1910s–1930s, Googie became less valued as time passed, and many buildings in this style have been destroyed. Some examples have been preserved, though, such as
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With the increasing prosperity of the United States during the 1950s, however, American designers celebrated this new affluence with optimistic designs. The development of
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409:, diagonals, atomic bursts and bright colors. According to Hess, commercial architecture was influenced by the desires of the mass audience. The public was captivated by
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1846:"WINDSOR HILLS : Happy Days to Health Food for This Landmark : Renovation: A '50s-style coffee shop, the Wich Stand, gets new life as a Simply Wholesome store"
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captivated the public's imagination of the future. Googie architecture exploited this trend by incorporating energy into its design with elements such as the
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motif. These stylistic conventions represented American society's fascination with Space Age themes and marketing emphasis on futuristic designs. As with the
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had been advanced technology, and Streamline Moderne paralleled their smooth simplified aerodynamic exteriors. That simplicity may have represented the
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in 1958. This terminal exemplifies the dramatic roof slope, large windows, and generous use of concrete, somewhat similar to Saarinen's
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period at the end of the 20th century. The common elements that generally distinguish Googie from other forms of architecture are:
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during the 1940s World War II and rationing caused a pause of development because of the imposed frugality on the American public.
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motels. They needed bright signs and designs showing that the future was now. They needed color and new ideas. They needed Googie.
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440:. McAllister got his start designing fashionable restaurants in Southern California, which led to a series of Streamline Moderne
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Drive-In in Hollywood. Despite the loss of these and the original Googie's in Hollywood, other Googie coffee shops including
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America's interest in spaceflight had a significant influence on the unique style of Googie architecture. During the 1950s,
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900:. Googie was also the inspiration for the background art style of animated television series and movies such as
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Modern Committee, which was formed in 1984 in response to the demolition of Ship's coffee shop in Westwood and
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One of the earliest organizations in the US that advocated for the preservation of Googie architecture was the
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on buildings marked Googie architecture, which was contemptible to some architects of then-current High Art
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have received historic designations. The world's oldest McDonald's in Downey and the earliest remaining
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One of the remaining Googie-styled drive-in restaurants, Harvey's Broiler (Paul Clayton, 1958), later
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architecture of the 1930s, and was popular in the United States from roughly 1945 to the early 1970s.
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2131:, Googie architecture message board for the LAC Modern Committee and Recent Past Preservation Network
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but was demolished in 1989. The name Googie became a rubric for the architectural style when editor
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Another remaining example of Googie architecture still in operation is the main terminal at
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firm, which they founded in 1947. Also instrumental in developing the style was designer
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The identity of the first architect to practice in the style is often disputed, though
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of an inverted obtuse triangle. An example of this is the famous, but now closed,
472:. Joining the firm during 1951, she created such Googie interiors as those of the
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2008:
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205:. Googie was also characterized by Space Age designs symbolic of motion, such as
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2179:- Documenting Googie style motels surrounding Disneyland in Anaheim, California
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20:
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Why Do Bad Guys Always Get The Best Houses? October 31 by Rory Stott ArchDaily
698:, where secondary commercial structures were adapted from the resort style of
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was one early and influential architect in starting the style with his 1949
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Googie-themed architecture was popular among roadside businesses, including
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2010:
Orange Roofs, Golden Arches: The Architecture of American Chain Restaurants
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built with the same principles developed to serve the new American city.
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1554:"L.A. to consider preservation of Googie-style Norms on La Cienega"
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Patio tables at the Bob's Big Boy restaurant in Burbank, California
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Books are arranged in chronological order by year of publication:
1244:"Eldon Davis dies at 94; architect designed 'Googie' coffee shops"
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Googie architecture developed from the futuristic architecture of
336:, one of the most knowledgeable writers on the subject, writes in
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structures, acute angles, illuminated plastic paneling, freeform
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Preservation groups working to save Googie architecture include
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1908:"Iconic Googie Gas Station in Waco: Googie Architecture Revival"
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Along with McAllister, the prolific Googie architects included
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2198:- Documenting "Doo Wop" (Googie) architecture in Wildwood, NJ
1947:
The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West
1815:"Johnie's Coffee Shop named an L.A. landmark by City Council"
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The exaggerated, once-futuristic Googie style exemplified in
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became a reality for the first time in history. In 1957 the
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The origin of the name Googie dates to 1949, when architect
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Googie style Satellite Hotel in Colorado Springs, Colorado
2072:
LA Lost and Found: An Architectural History of Los Angeles
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75:
69:
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nservation of buildings, sites and neighborhoods of the
1283:
Doo Wop Motels: Architectural Treasures of The Wildwoods
2238:
1784:"Norms restaurant designated as L.A. historic monument"
189:
Features of Googie include upswept roofs, curvilinear,
178:. Similar architectural styles are also referred to as
1012:
List of Googie architecture structures (United States)
19:"Googie" redirects here. For the British actress, see
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customers to easily recognize a store from the road.
146:. The style later became widely known as part of the
96:
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on Wilshire Boulevard and Fairfax Avenue, the first
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1669:. Doowopstuff.com. October 29, 2007. Archived from
1172:
Looking Beyond the Highway: Dixie Roads and Culture
824:in Burbank, have also been preserved and restored.
66:
2096:by Eric P. Nash and Randall C. Robinson, Jr., 2004
1944:
1891:. Austin: Structures. May 19, 2013. Archived from
1613:"The '50s and '60s Thrive In Retro Doo-Wop Motels"
1458:
1456:
2316:
2058:Populuxe: the Look and Life of Midcentury America
1510:
1133:
1131:
1129:
694:Classic locations for Googie style buildings are
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2219:"Populuxe in Niagara Falls (feat. Skylon Tower)"
2192:- Documenting Googie architecture in Seattle, WA
789:Since Googie buildings were usually part of the
1969:Googie Redux: Ultramodern Roadside Architecture
1605:
1453:
1162:
1006:List of Googie architecture structures (Canada)
625:One of the more famous Googie buildings is the
1877:
1341:
1196:
1126:
863:The eye-catching Googie style flourished in a
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2302:
1068:"Out Of This World: Designs Of The Space Age"
2100:The Leisure Architecture of Wayne McAllister
1693:"Wildwood Crest Historical Society Web site"
1325:
1323:
1168:
1094:"Go on a SoCal hunt for Googie architecture"
735:The term "doo-wop" was used by New Jersey's
1598:
1596:
1594:
1202:
1091:
933:The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius
743:
338:Googie: Ultra Modern Road Side Architecture
2886:
2872:
2309:
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2074:by Sam Hall Kaplan, 1987, pp. 145–155
1899:
1169:Stager, Claudette; Carver, Martha (2006).
948:, as well as the cover of the faux-memoir
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1720:
1506:
1504:
1332:
1320:
1237:
1235:
1175:. Univ. of Tennessee Press. p. 158.
16:20th-century American architectural style
2234:Los Angeles Conservancy Modern Committee
2161:) is being considered for deletion. See
1994:Googie: Fifties Coffee Shop Architecture
1885:"Structures P. Terry's – 32nd and Lamar"
1843:
1813:Sailant, Catherine (November 27, 2013).
1591:
1552:Reyes, Emily Alpert (January 16, 2015).
1296:
1294:
1292:
747:
724:Wildwoods Shore Resort Historic District
689:Wildwoods Shore Resort Historic District
678:
548:
530:
419:
315:
295:magazine and architectural photographer
248:
38:
2006:
1812:
1794:from the original on September 26, 2020
1781:
1140:"Googie: Architecture of the Space Age"
717:
661:Washington Dulles International Airport
633:(LAX), designed by James Langenheim of
221:, and free-form designs such as "soft"
150:style, elements of which represent the
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1942:
1501:
1302:"Doo Wop Preservation League Web site"
1241:
1232:
896:) gave birth several decades later to
23:. For the American percussionist, see
2867:
2290:
1905:
1856:from the original on October 16, 2020
1551:
1289:
1242:Nelson, Valerie J. (April 26, 2011).
1137:
1092:Friedlander, Whitney (May 18, 2008).
1062:
603:on Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles.
279:Googies was located at the corner of
2090:by Nathan Marsak and Nigel Cox, 2002
1965:
1825:from the original on October 8, 2020
1643:. WildwoodDooWop.com. Archived from
611:"Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas" sign
2146:The 1964-1965 New York World's Fair
1403:. February 25, 1952. Archived from
1209:The 1964-1965 New York World's Fair
452:, Douglas Honnold, and the team of
13:
2177:Synthetrix Photos Of The Forgotten
2029:
1211:. Arcadia Publishing. p. 51.
1203:Cotter, Bill; Young, Bill (2004).
554:Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign
526:
14:
3719:
2895:Architecture of the United States
2165:to help reach a consensus. ›
2115:
1992:(previously published in 1986 as
1844:Chastang, Carol (April 9, 1995).
1511:Bob's Big Boy (January 1, 1970).
967:1950s American automobile culture
631:Los Angeles International Airport
328:Googie's beginnings are with the
2840:
2249:Recent Past Preservation Network
1972:. Chronicle Books. p. 222.
1489:Hess 2004, p. 47 and pp. 192–193
774:, and the de-escalations of the
737:Mid-Atlantic Center for the Arts
587:Roofs sloping at an upward angle
507:, into Earth orbit in 1961. The
62:
3208:Sarasota School of Architecture
1951:. University of Arizona Press.
1922:
1868:
1837:
1806:
1782:Parvini, Sarah (May 20, 2015).
1775:
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1729:
1711:
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1633:
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1369:
1304:. Doowopusa.org. Archived from
759:After the 1960s, following the
578:, but had defenders during the
2078:Southern California in the 50s
1275:
1263:
1085:
1056:
875:architecture and above all in
728:The beachfront resort town of
706:designers; the first phase of
1:
3683:American architectural styles
3333:Building types and vernacular
2239:Palm Springs Modern Committee
2150:
2141:Roadside Peek: Googie Central
1935:
1138:Novak, Matt (June 15, 2012).
2276:Los Angeles Conservancy home
1914:. MotorTexas. Archived from
867:atmosphere along multi-lane
843:
674:
349:but could spread out to the
7:
2244:Doo Wop Preservation League
2094:Mimo: Miami Modern Revealed
959:
542:, Los Angeles, designed by
332:architecture of the 1930s.
235:the oldest McDonald's stand
166:comes from the now-defunct
10:
3724:
3299:New Classical architecture
2931:Colonial and post-colonial
2188:December 28, 2007, at the
1417:Googie architecture, says
1286:by Kirk Hastings 2007, p.2
972:1964 New York World's Fair
939:My Life as a Teenage Robot
888:cartoons and the original
721:
710:; and their birthplace of
503:carrying the first human,
468:, a member of the firm of
311:
244:
29:
18:
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3236:
3096:
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3022:
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2929:
2901:
2834:
2531:
2325:
1763:Los Angeles Conservancy.
1018:Miami Modern architecture
892:(which featured a Googie
795:early days of car culture
3218:Spanish Colonial Revival
3058:Richardsonian Romanesque
2283:, Googie architect site.
2163:templates for discussion
2102:by Chris Nichols, 2007 (
2007:Langdon, Philip (1986).
1049:
860:era's forced frugality.
744:Decline and preservation
570:shapes and cutouts, and
283:and Crescent Heights in
193:shapes, and bold use of
30:Not to be confused with
2847:Architecture portal
2281:John Lautner Foundation
2040:Learning from Las Vegas
1874:Hess 2004, pp. 184–185.
1769:Los Angeles Conservancy
835:Neo-Googie architecture
802:Los Angeles Conservancy
683:The Caribbean Motel in
641:and built during 1961.
484:on Crenshaw Boulevard.
320:Classic Googie sign at
3698:Modernist architecture
3693:History of Los Angeles
3151:Dutch Colonial Revival
2127:July 25, 2008, at the
2060:by Thomas Hine, 1986 (
1744:Hess 2004, pp. 183–188
1205:"Populuxe and Pop Art"
1043:UPA (animation studio)
996:Fantastic architecture
756:
691:
556:
546:
425:
325:
257:
54:
3688:Futurist architecture
3395:Hall and parlor house
3355:Central-passage house
3176:Mediterranean Revival
2902:Native and indigenous
1943:Abbott, Carl (1993).
1735:Langdon 1986, pp. 108
950:Based on a True Story
751:
682:
552:
534:
423:
319:
252:
105:futurist architecture
42:
3375:Critical regionalism
3068:American Renaissance
2791:Critical regionalism
2373:Critical regionalism
2202:Wildwood, NJ Doo Wop
1918:on December 3, 2018.
1717:Hess 2004, pp. 66–69
1673:on September 1, 2013
1641:"WildwoodDooWop.com"
1450:Hess 2004, pp. 41–42
1407:on February 18, 2010
1338:Hess 2004, pp. 73–74
1329:Hess 2004, pp. 66–68
1023:Novelty architecture
829:Wildwood, New Jersey
814:Johnie's Coffee Shop
730:Wildwood, New Jersey
718:Wildwood, New Jersey
696:Miami Beach, Florida
685:Wildwood, New Jersey
601:Johnie's Coffee Shop
536:Johnie's Coffee Shop
474:Johnie's Coffee Shop
48:La Cienega Boulevard
3678:Googie architecture
3223:Territorial Revival
3166:International style
3136:California bungalow
3126:American Foursquare
2639:International style
2631:Rationalist-Fascist
2575:Stripped Classicism
2508:Stripped Classicism
2488:Rationalist-Fascist
2413:International style
2319:modern architecture
2214:on Phorio Standards
2168:Googie architecture
2136:Googie Architecture
1966:Hess, Alan (2004).
1498:Hess 2004, p. 50–51
1480:Hess 2004, p. 46–47
1375:Langdon 1986, p.114
1308:on February 2, 2009
1072:NPR Morning Edition
990:Design for Dreaming
977:Atomic Age (design)
915:The Powerpuff Girls
903:Dexter's Laboratory
784:International Style
712:Southern California
401:and the reality of
266:Googies Coffee Shop
168:Googies Coffee Shop
125:Southern California
123:. It originated in
58:Googie architecture
3274:Mid-century modern
3121:American Craftsman
3110:Streamline Moderne
2722:(1940s–late 1970s)
2711:Mid-century modern
2679:Postconstructivism
2623:Streamline Moderne
2503:Streamline Moderne
2468:Postconstructivism
2423:Mid-Century modern
2225:. August 20, 2012.
1912:www.motortexas.com
1895:on April 26, 2017.
1765:"ModCom's History"
1384:Abbott 1993, p.174
1110:on January 6, 2014
1001:Home of the future
877:commercial signage
850:Streamline Moderne
770:movements against
757:
692:
650:Downey, California
557:
547:
540:Wilshire Boulevard
426:
330:Streamline Moderne
326:
258:
239:Downey, California
148:mid-century modern
129:Streamline Moderne
55:
3665:
3664:
3237:Post–World War II
2949:Colonial Georgian
2861:
2860:
2212:Googie definition
1850:Los Angeles Times
1819:Los Angeles Times
1788:Los Angeles Times
1753:Hess 2004, p. 186
1726:Hess 2004, p. 178
1699:on August 9, 2020
1667:"History Section"
1588:Hess 2004, p. 192
1579:Hess 2004, p. 194
1559:Los Angeles Times
1513:"maps.google.com"
1354:Los Angeles Times
1249:Los Angeles Times
1218:978-0-7385-3606-4
1182:978-1-57233-467-0
1104:Los Angeles Times
1066:(July 14, 2011).
810:Norms Restaurants
708:Las Vegas, Nevada
669:TWA Flight Center
544:Armet & Davis
462:Armet & Davis
340:that mobility in
154:aesthetic, as in
44:Norms Restaurants
3715:
3636:Washington, D.C.
3254:Deconstructivism
3156:Georgian Revival
3146:Colonial Revival
3099:mid-20th century
3023:Mid-19th century
2969:Spanish Colonial
2888:
2881:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2853:Related articles
2845:
2844:
2827:
2819:
2811:
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2799:Deconstructivism
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2383:Deconstructivism
2311:
2304:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2260:cumentation and
2256:, Dutch-founded
2196:Wildwood Doo Wop
2088:Los Angeles Neon
2024:
1991:
1962:
1950:
1929:
1928:Hess 2004, p. 46
1926:
1920:
1919:
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1897:
1896:
1889:structurestx.com
1881:
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1695:. Archived from
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1657:
1656:
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1602:Hess 2004, p. 68
1600:
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1542:Hess 2004, p. 86
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1441:Hess 2004, p. 30
1439:
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1430:
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1419:House & Home
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1146:. Archived from
1135:
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1123:
1117:
1115:
1106:. Archived from
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1060:
791:service industry
753:Johnie's Broiler
646:Johnie's Broiler
598:
597:
593:
478:Norms Restaurant
430:Wayne McAllister
387:filling stations
357:the increase in
281:Sunset Boulevard
225:and an artist's
99:
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3328:
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3181:Mission Revival
3098:
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3044:
3018:
2980:
2964:German Colonial
2959:French Colonial
2925:
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2615:New Objectivity
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2569:
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2553:
2545:
2536:
2534:
2533:By start year /
2527:
2458:New Objectivity
2321:
2315:
2190:Wayback Machine
2166:
2129:Wayback Machine
2118:
2113:
2082:Charles Phoenix
2032:
2030:Further reading
2027:
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1980:
1959:
1938:
1933:
1932:
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1650:
1648:
1647:on June 9, 2013
1639:
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1622:
1621:. June 24, 2007
1618:Washington Post
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1358:
1357:. July 10, 1986
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1151:
1150:on June 5, 2020
1144:Smithsonian.com
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1127:
1113:
1111:
1090:
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1074:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1047:
962:
945:The Incredibles
854:Lincoln-Zephyrs
846:
837:
746:
726:
720:
677:
639:Charles Luckman
635:William Pereira
595:
591:
590:
529:
527:Characteristics
470:Armet and Davis
359:mass production
314:
289:Douglas Haskell
247:
213:, diagrammatic
103:) is a type of
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3220:
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3205:
3200:
3198:Prairie School
3195:
3194:
3193:
3186:Pueblo Revival
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3141:Chicago School
3138:
3133:
3128:
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3080:
3075:
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3054:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3040:Gothic Revival
3037:
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3026:
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3020:
3019:
3017:
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3015:
3014:
3004:
2999:
2994:
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2985:Early Republic
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2954:Dutch Colonial
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2612:
2604:
2599:Constructivism
2596:
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2572:
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2559:Prairie School
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2529:
2528:
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2483:Prairie School
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2363:Constructivism
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2183:Seattle Googie
2180:
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2134:Chris Jepsen.
2132:
2117:
2116:External links
2114:
2112:
2111:
2108:978-1586856991
2097:
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2085:
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2066:978-1585679102
2055:
2052:978-0262720069
2044:Robert Venturi
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2004:
2001:978-0877013341
1979:978-0811842723
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1771:. Los Angeles.
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954:Norm Macdonald
927:George Shrinks
845:
842:
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833:
766:, the rise of
745:
742:
722:Main article:
719:
716:
700:Morris Lapidus
676:
673:
663:, designed by
627:Theme Building
615:
614:
604:
528:
525:
466:Helen Liu Fong
436:restaurant in
415:nuclear energy
383:movie theaters
362:mobility that
313:
310:
302:House and Home
297:Julius Shulman
293:House and Home
246:
243:
223:parallelograms
211:flying saucers
107:influenced by
21:Googie Withers
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3720:
3709:
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3704:
3703:Retrofuturism
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3228:Tudor Revival
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3196:
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3171:Mayan Revival
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26:
22:
3601:Philadelphia
3561:Jacksonville
3450:Quiggly hole
3289:Neo-futurism
3284:Neo-eclectic
3244:Blobitecture
3160:
3097:Late-19th to
3007:Neoclassical
3002:Jeffersonian
2944:First Period
2838:
2823:Contemporary
2775:Neo-futurism
2767:Blobitecture
2706:(1930s–1970)
2702:
2438:Neo-Futurism
2402:
2368:Contemporary
2348:Blobitecture
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2228:
2156:
2122:Lotta Living
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1993:
1968:
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1911:
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1893:the original
1888:
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1849:
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1818:
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1787:
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1697:the original
1687:
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1645:the original
1635:
1625:December 10,
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1616:
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1494:
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1361:February 27,
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1352:
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1306:the original
1281:
1277:
1270:John Lautner
1265:
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1247:
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1208:
1198:
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1171:
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1148:the original
1143:
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1114:February 11,
1112:. Retrieved
1108:the original
1097:
1087:
1075:. Retrieved
1071:
1058:
1038:Tiki culture
1033:Space Needle
988:
981:
952:by comedian
949:
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909:Johnny Bravo
907:
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656:restaurant.
643:
624:
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616:
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586:
560:Cantilevered
558:
521:
505:Yuri Gagarin
493:Soviet Union
489:space travel
486:
482:Holiday Bowl
450:John Lautner
447:
427:
411:rocket ships
396:
376:
355:
337:
327:
322:Warren, Ohio
306:
301:
292:
278:
262:John Lautner
259:
237:(located in
188:
183:
179:
176:John Lautner
174:designed by
163:
160:TWA Terminal
144:gas stations
133:
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56:
46:location on
36:
25:Arthur Googy
3611:San Antonio
3586:New Orleans
3576:Los Angeles
3566:Kansas City
3500:Town square
3485:Sweat lodge
3435:Plank house
3385:Earth lodge
3203:PWA Moderne
3078:Stick style
2974:Territorial
2738:(1953–1970)
2714:(1933–1969)
2690:(1933–1944)
2687:PWA Moderne
2674:(1910–1939)
2626:(1925–1950)
2618:(1922–1933)
2610:(1921–1929)
2607:Rondocubism
2602:(1920–1932)
2594:(1919–1933)
2586:(1917–1931)
2554:(1890–1910)
2551:Art Nouveau
2546:(1888–1911)
2518:Sustainable
2493:Rondocubism
2478:PWA Moderne
2338:Art Nouveau
2151:‹ The
1906:J, Wilder.
1860:October 16,
1829:October 16,
1798:October 16,
1565:January 16,
1064:Ulaby, Neda
885:The Jetsons
580:post-Modern
458:Eldon Davis
454:Louis Armet
403:spaceflight
368:locomotives
342:Los Angeles
285:Los Angeles
162:. The term
109:car culture
52:Los Angeles
3672:Categories
3475:Skyscraper
3430:Moki steps
3425:Longhouses
3319:Tiny-house
3314:Shed style
3304:Postmodern
3131:Beaux-Arts
3083:Queen Anne
3035:Italianate
3012:Antebellum
2751:Metabolism
2663:Organicism
2543:Modernisme
2463:Organicism
2428:Modernisme
2418:Metabolism
2317:Genres of
1936:References
1349:"Googie's"
890:Disneyland
858:Depression
818:Wich Stand
816:, and the
780:Atomic Age
776:Space Race
702:and other
607:Starbursts
517:Space Race
509:Eisenhower
480:, and the
304:magazine.
274:Peter Matz
207:boomerangs
117:Atomic Age
3708:Space Age
3631:St. Louis
3571:Las Vegas
3480:Sod house
3420:Log cabin
3365:Corn crib
3294:Neomodern
3269:High-tech
3264:Earthship
3249:Brutalist
3050:Victorian
2807:Neomodern
2783:High-tech
2735:New Khmer
2719:Brutalism
2695:Stalinist
2498:Stalinist
2453:New Khmer
2443:Neomodern
2408:High-tech
2358:Bowellism
2353:Brutalism
2013:. Knopf.
1988:249477365
1224:August 9,
1188:August 9,
844:Influence
761:Apollo 11
675:Districts
576:Modernism
564:boomerang
497:Sputnik I
495:launched
442:drive-ins
407:boomerang
391:Drive-ins
374:brought.
372:zeppelins
334:Alan Hess
270:Hollywood
219:parabolas
191:geometric
172:Hollywood
127:from the
121:Space Age
3606:Portland
3546:Columbus
3350:Cape Cod
3345:Barabara
3106:Art Deco
2914:Builders
2826:(2000s–)
2818:(1990s–)
2810:(1990s–)
2802:(1980s–)
2794:(1980s–)
2786:(1970s–)
2778:(1960s–)
2770:(1960s–)
2762:(1960s–)
2727:Tropical
2671:Art Deco
2666:(1920s–)
2658:(1920s–)
2655:Futurism
2642:(1920s–)
2583:De Stijl
2523:Tropical
2398:Futurism
2378:De Stijl
2333:Art Deco
2254:DOCOMOMO
2186:Archived
2153:template
2125:Archived
2046:, 1972 (
1854:Archived
1823:Archived
1792:Archived
1677:June 25,
1651:June 25,
1519:June 25,
1411:March 5,
1312:June 25,
960:See also
921:Futurama
869:highways
865:carnival
778:and the
572:tailfins
501:Vostok 1
347:downtown
324:drive-in
255:car wash
231:Art Deco
180:Populuxe
152:populuxe
119:and the
3626:Spokane
3621:Seattle
3556:Houston
3551:Detroit
3541:Chicago
3536:Buffalo
3526:Atlanta
3490:Temples
3460:Saltbox
3400:I-house
3360:Chickee
3324:Usonian
3259:Dingbat
3116:Pre-war
3088:Shingle
2997:Federal
2754:(1959–)
2746:(1959–)
2730:(1958–)
2682:(1930s)
2591:Bauhaus
2578:(1913–)
2570:(1910–)
2343:Bauhaus
2272:vement.
2223:YouTube
2217:Video:
2155:below (
1255:May 15,
1154:May 23,
1077:June 5,
768:ecology
594:⁄
568:palette
513:Kennedy
438:Burbank
351:suburbs
312:History
245:Origins
227:palette
184:Doo Wop
3652:Hawaii
3645:States
3531:Boston
3519:Cities
3510:Wigwam
3470:Sipapu
3455:Ramada
3279:Modern
3213:Rustic
3161:Googie
2939:Creole
2921:Pueblo
2703:Googie
2535:decade
2403:Googie
2172:Curlie
2158:Curlie
2106:
2084:, 2001
2064:
2050:
2017:
1999:
1986:
1976:
1955:
1215:
1179:
942:, and
379:diners
164:Googie
136:motels
115:, the
32:Google
3657:Texas
3596:Omaha
3581:Miami
3505:Tupiq
3445:Qargi
3410:Jacal
3405:Igloo
3390:Hogan
3340:Adobe
3309:Ranch
2909:Mound
2268:dern
2042:, by
1050:Notes
873:motel
871:, in
704:hotel
215:atoms
199:steel
195:glass
100:-ghee
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3495:Tipi
3415:Kiva
3191:Deco
3073:Folk
2992:Adam
2104:ISBN
2062:ISBN
2048:ISBN
2015:ISBN
1997:ISBN
1984:OCLC
1974:ISBN
1953:ISBN
1862:2020
1831:2020
1800:2020
1705:2008
1679:2013
1653:2013
1627:2008
1567:2015
1521:2013
1413:2009
1400:Time
1363:2011
1314:2013
1257:2011
1226:2013
1213:ISBN
1190:2013
1177:ISBN
1156:2015
1116:2009
1079:2016
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637:and
511:and
456:and
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