671:) written in about 1716. The sources agree on the core of the story however; that Gonnosuke faced Musashi and was defeated, after which he retreated and formed his jo-techniques. The notion that Musashi was defeated in a rematch can be argued to have been a later construct by later pro-Gonnosuke historians, as there is no mentioning of a defeat in the sources regarding Musashi. The same could be said, however, for Musashi's followers who might have removed all mentioning of Musashi's defeat as a way to preserve his reputation. Another mentioning of the first duel is found in the
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718:, Gonnosuke is portrayed as a bandit chief that often uses henchmen to impersonate him in order to stay alive. After defeating him, the player will later encounter Gonnosuke who has become a changed man, and they both decide to work together to defeat Miyamoto Musashi in a duel. Gonnosuke also helps the player defeat a group of pirates invading a small town and the player must also beat Gonnosuke as part of the first trial of the Bamboo Trial.
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529:(roughly 74 cm or 29 inches). Musashi's weapon of choice is also debated. One version say he was armed with only a half-finished bokuto, which Musashi was actually still carving as the duel began, and used it to overwhelm Gonnosuke without ever using the X-shaped block, instead hitting him lightly on the forehead as to demonstrate his superior stance in battle and emphasizing proper distance to an opponent, or
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by now a very famous swordsman and arrogant in his (considerable) martial abilities, had one day encountered
Musashi and had unceremoniously challenged him to a duel. Musashi accepted and Gonnosuke, brandishing his sword, immediately threw himself at Musashi who with ease avoided Gonnosuke's strike and proceeded to lock Gonnosuke's sword, using both his long and short sword, in an X-shaped block (
562:), where he would practice daily in perfecting his swordsmanship, praying and performing Shinto purifying rituals for 37 days. It is also said, however, that he spent several years on the road studying other martial arts in various dojos until he ended up at the Shinto shrine. After one of his regular (exhausting) training sessions, he collapsed from fatigue and reputedly had a vision of a
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In the video game "Mortal Kombat: Deadly
Alliance", it is stated that Master Bo' Rai Cho helped Gonnosuke develop the Jojutsu style after his loss to Musashi. Bo' Rai Cho had used the Jojutsu style in "Mortal Kombat: Deception", "Mortal Kombat: Armageddon", and "Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance". It is
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in the form of a child, saying to
Gonnosuke: "know the solar plexus with a round stick". In another version he had the vision in a dream late at night. He took it upon himself to create the jo deliberately longer than the average katana of the day, 128 cm, as opposed to the sword's total length
450:
The first of the two legendary duels between
Musashi and Gonnosuke was supposed to have taken place between 1596-1614. Scholars argue as to when and where the actual duel took place, and indeed some question whether it even took place at all. The essence of the story, however, tells of how Gonnosuke,
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Outside of the stick-fighting schools, the claim that
Musashi was ever defeated by Gonnosuke is denied, particularly by sword fighting schools who maintain Musashi was never defeated in a duel. The claim is generally treated skeptically as there is no record outside of the stick-fighting school that
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Sometime after he finished his training in Katori Shintō-ryū, Gonnosuke went out on the road, traveling through Japan with a few followers as a wandering swordsman, always looking for an opponent to fight duels with and at the same time teaching swordsmanship to a selected few. It is claimed that he
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The outcome of the second duel, or even that a second duel occurred, is not conclusively known. The stick-fighting school he founded maintains that
Gonnosuke, now armed with the jo, defeated Musashi through the use of the superior length of the jo to keep Musashi's swords out of range of Gonnosuke
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and had defeated him. Gonnosuke, in a condescending tone of voice, asked
Musashi if he was as skilled as his father and if he used similar techniques. Musashi supposedly said: "If you have seen my father's technique you have seen mine", after which Gonnosuke attacked Musashi and was defeated.
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after being asked by the Kuroda clan to teach his jo-techniques to a selected few of their warriors. As the years progressed the original set of jo-techniques, by now expanded with new techniques since the days of
Gonnosuke's duel with Musashi, became known as Shintō Musō-ryū (sometimes
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techniques. It also lists several of Musō Gonnosuke's teachers in martial arts, one of whom, according to the
Makabei family records, was Sakurai Osumi-no-Kami, a lieutenant of Makabei Hisamoto (nicknamed Oni Doumu), who in turn was a student of the founder of
729:). Gonnosuke later joins both Ino Tadaaki and Sasaki Kojiro in their journey of swordsmanship, vowing to become a master of the sword in accordance to the skill of his two pupils. In appearance, he wears face paint beneath his eyes and wields a spear.
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The true origin of
Gonnosuke is unknown; his traits and various exploits have, as with many martial artists and other famous samurai of the time, been exaggerated and/or constructed by later historians. A number of traditional founders of
475:(wooden sword). At the moment, Musashi had a willow bow, but he immediately took up a stick to confront Gonnosuke. Without even a nod, Gonnosuke attacked. Musashi struck him down in one stroke. Thwarted, Gonnosuke quit."
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The modern day Shintō Musō-ryū survived both the ending of active fighting in Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate and the American-imposed post-World War II ban on martial arts; it is now an international martial art.
351:. Gonnosuke's original family name is said to have been Hirano and that he used his given name of Gonbei in his early days. Unlike his future counterpart, Miyamoto Musashi, Gonnosuke was not a
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a second duel ever took place. Another version of the story says that Musashi and Gonnosuke went in a deadlock, and the match ended in a draw, as no one could move without making an opening.
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The story continues after the second duel. Gonnosuke, spending several more years on the road, part of the time with his new friend Musashi as his second, eventually took up residence in
359:, but had gone out on the road on a warrior pilgrimage to improve his skills in duels and by learning from different martial arts schools on the road. This was a common tradition called
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and thus hinder him from using the X-shaped technique effectively. Gonnosuke had Musashi at his mercy but let him live as a way of returning the favour granted in the first duel.
725:, at which he declares himself to be the "Number One Martial Artist under Heaven" by means of the kanji written on his back (possibly punning his surname, as the kanji used are
636:, martial art school, have been credited with having divine inspirations or visions, or in some cases even being taught by mythical creatures. One example is the famous samurai
512:) reinforced with metal rings. Other versions claim he used an exceptionally long wooden sword which was above the average length of a Japanese sword over four
583:, devised a series of jo-techniques for use to counter and defeat a swordsman. Arguably, he also developed techniques to target Musashi's trade-mark X-block.
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and many samurai wishing to develop their martial abilities undertook such travels frequently. Musashi had probably been a part of the losing side in the
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which was compiled by Musashi's followers years after his death. There is only one known source mentioning the rematch. It is a scroll now preserved in
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staff instead of a wooden sword. It states that Gonnosuke had previously encountered Musashi's father, Shinmen Munisai, who was an expert of the
745:, it is important to consider which of the two swords is atop the other. This will greatly influence what manner of countermove is appropriate.
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389:伝書 contains a written heritage of the school, and also includes a list of the former headmasters, including the founder, and a list of the
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of approx. 100 cm, and use that length to his advantage in a fight. Gonnosuke, drawing on his own considerable experience with the
85:
683:, although doubts of its contents has been raised, partially because there are no other known corroborating sources to confirm it.
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founders, claimed to trace their lineage to a family of the classical period of samurai. His family is supposedly descended from
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Because Gonnosuke did not expect to be bested with such ease, he withdraw to a Shinto monastery to contemplate his defeat.
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defeated many of Japan's finest warriors, and remained undefeated until he encountered the rōnin Miyamoto Musashi.
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Pascal Krieger: Jodô - la voie du bâton / The way of the stick (bilingual French/English), Geneva (CH) 1989,
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The details of exactly what happened in the duel are debated and still unclear. In the version found in the
471:"While Musashi was in Edo, a man named Musō Gonnosuke came, looking for a match. Gonnosuke was armed with a
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also stated that Gonnosuke lost in his first "Mortal Kombat" tournament, and that his soul was consumed by
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644:- magical creatures of Japanese mythology, some possessing vast knowledge of weapons and martial arts.
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The weapons used are also a subject of debate. Some accounts claim Gonnosuke was using a long staff (
466:), the traditional source of information for Miyamoto Musashi, tells this version of the first duel.
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Musō Gonnosuke Katsuyoshi was born into a samurai family, and like many other famous samurai and
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A fictional version of Musō Gonnosuke and his duels with Musashi are featured in the
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to 1666, but author Wayne Muromoto give the date of 1629. Another source is the
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long, (roughly 121 cm or 48 inches), instead of the normal length
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was written in the 17th century but the exact year is debated. Author
327:(神道夢想流/神道無想流). He engaged in two duels with the legendary swordsman
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Musō Gonnosuke is also featured within the manga series known as
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859:"Nishioka Tsuneo and the Pure Flow of the Jo" by Wayne Muromoto
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778:"Muso Gonnosuke and the Shinto Muso-ryu Jo by Wayne Muromoto"
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of the early 17th century and the traditional founder of the
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Muso Gonnosuke and the Shinto Muso-ryu Jo by Wayne Muromoto
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in 1600 and had since been a rōnin and undertaking his own
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Muso Gonnosuke Katsuyoshi (from the Buko Hyakunin Isshu).
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647:The earliest known source of the first duel is the
148:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
884:"The Evolution of Classical Jojutsu" by Dave Lowry
400:. Gonnosuke also received other training from the
492:, and the former is also brandishing a long four
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849:European Jôdô Federation history section on SMR
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930:Japanese site on the shrine of Muso Gonnosuke
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611:The memory of Musō Gonnosuke is honored at a
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792:"Muso Gonnosuke and the Shinto Muso-ryu Jo"
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347:, a retainer of the famous samurai general
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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288:Learn how and when to remove this message
270:Learn how and when to remove this message
208:Learn how and when to remove this message
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233:This article includes a list of general
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839:The History of Shindo Muso Ryu Jojutsu
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542:Seclusion, Jojutsu and the second duel
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604:transliterated as Shindō Musō-ryū).
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402:Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū
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345:Kiso Kanja No Taiyu Kakumei
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900:. Floating World Editions.
817:. Koryu Books. p. 31.
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896:De Lange, William (2014).
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398:Kasumi Shintō-ryū Kenjutsu
309:Musō Gonnosuke Katsuyoshi
27:Early 17th century samurai
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922:Shrine of Muso Gonnosuke
716:Samurai Warriors: Katana
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254:more precise citations.
813:Risuke, Otake (2002).
638:Minamoto no Yoshitsune
377:Early life on the road
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837:Matsui, Kenji. 1993.
595:Later life and legacy
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815:Le sabre et le Divin
406:Iizasa Choisai Ienao
404:-school, founded by
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665:Honcho Bugei Shoden
651:. The entry in the
460:Annals of the Niten
953:Japanese jojutsuka
681:Ibaraki prefecture
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733:Footnotes
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749:See also
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673:Niten-Ki
577:naginata
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