613:
648:
847:
790:
665:
630:
53:
595:
31:
224:
taxon with 19 genera and about 300-400 species. The traditional classification with two tribes (Gomphreneae and
Pseudoplantageae) does not reflect the phylogenetic relationship in this group. Three clades can be recognized.:
700:
trnL-F and rpl16 Sequence Data and Dense Taxon
Sampling Reveal Monophyly of Unilocular Anthered Gomphrenoideae (Amaranthaceae) and an Improved Picture of Their Internal Relationships
612:
427:
420:
655:
503:
443:
970:
194:
267:
647:
724:
Phylogenetics of
Amaranthaceae using matK/trnK sequence data – evidence from parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian approaches
629:
1026:
749:
photosynthetic family on the 50th anniversary of its discovery: species number, evolutionary lineages, and Hall of Fame"
664:
975:
367:
R.Br.): with about 5 species at shores of North and Middle
America, West Africa, Micronesia and Japan, for example:
52:
594:
846:
789:
948:
620:
860:
Bena, M.J.; Acosta, J.M.; Aagesen, Lone (2017). "Macroclimatic niche limits and the evolution of C
1021:
910:
638:
988:
412:
Vand.): with about 90 species in
America and about 30 species in Australia. This genus is
220:
research by
Sanchez Del-Pino (2009), the subfamily Gomphrenoideae Schinz is regarded as a
8:
806:
Sage, R.F.; Sage, T.L.; Pearcy, R.W.; Borsch, T. (2007). "The taxonomic distribution of C
190:
371:
179:
47:
983:
891:
835:
827:
778:
770:
673:
434:
39:
305:
Mart.): with about 100-200 species, mainly in
America, also in Africa and Australia.
881:
873:
819:
760:
707:
603:
90:
877:
998:
711:
519:
113:
77:
1015:
933:
895:
831:
774:
388:
297:
164:
123:
839:
823:
782:
413:
221:
217:
942:
765:
744:
527:
471:
451:
317:
206:
138:
886:
698:
Ivonne Sánchez del-Pino, Thomas Borsch & Timothy J. Motley (2009):
535:
487:
380:
359:
309:
277:
Griseb., on mountain coasts of Cuba. Phylogenetically, it falls within
245:
Suess., in rain forests of
Ecuador. Phylogenetically, it falls within
957:
404:
30:
904:
927:
463:
321:
Standl.: with about 6 species in deserts of southern North
America.
235:
103:
962:
495:
255:
175:
171:
576:
64:
263:
Hook. f.): with about 45 species in North and South
America.
205:
The subfamily Gomphrenoideae was first published in 1893 by
523:
Suess.: with one species in Venezuela and one in Argentina.
543:
One large clade within this group, containing the genera
193:
lies in Central America, Mexico and the dry forests and
694:
692:
690:
805:
687:
329:
carbon fixation evolved independently in the genera
864:photosynthesis in Gomphrenoideae (Amaranthaceae)".
287:This is the sister clade of the two other clades.
859:
575:species occur at unusually high altitudes in the
499:Mart.: with about 35 species in tropical America.
313:Holub: with about 10 species in tropical America.
1013:
810:photosynthesis in Amaranthaceae sensu stricto".
491:Sw., with 2 species on Galapagos and the Caribic
467:Mart.: with about 7 species in tropical America.
447:Hook.: with 2 species in southern North America.
801:
799:
416:, so taxonomical changes have to be expected.
853:
796:
738:
736:
29:
885:
764:
716:
539:Turcz.: with about 2 species in BrasĂlia.
384:Moench: with about 12 species in America.
178:) and two pollen sacs. Many species show
866:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
571:carbon fixation pathway. Some of these C
733:
728:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
722:Kai MĂĽller & Thomas Borsch (2005):
1014:
909:
908:
531:Pedersen: with 3 species in BrasĂlia.
742:
579:, in cooler conditions than their C
290:
13:
14:
1038:
475:Pedersen, with only one species:
174:have anthers with only one lobe (
845:
788:
663:
646:
628:
611:
593:
392:R.E.Fr., with only one species:
211:Die NatĂĽrlichen Pflanzenfamilien
51:
507:R.E.Fr.,with only one species:
352:
271:Griseb.: with only one species
239:Suess., with only one species:
209:(in: Engler und Prantl (Eds.):
753:Journal of Experimental Botany
586:
200:
1:
681:
228:
16:Subfamily of flowering plants
7:
706:, Volume 34 (1), p. 57-67.
197:savannas of South America.
10:
1043:
1027:Caryophyllales subfamilies
812:American Journal of Botany
712:10.1600/036364409787602401
345:intermediate species, and
152:about 13 genera, see text
917:
878:10.1093/botlinnean/box031
213:vol. 3, 1a, p. 97).
150:
145:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
621:Alternanthera caracasana
511:Pseudogomphrena scandens
333:, which also contains C
275:Woehleria serpyllifolia
163:are a subfamily of the
824:10.3732/ajb.94.12.1992
639:Tidestromia lanuginosa
559:species, and probably
479:Hebanthodes peruviana
243:Irenella chrysotricha
745:"A portrait of the C
567:, has acquired the C
513:R.E.Fr. in BrasĂlia.
398:R.E.Fr. in BrasĂlia.
396:Froelichiella grisea
743:Sage, R.F. (2016).
428:Gomphrena decumbens
421:Gomphrena pulchella
191:center of diversity
766:10.1093/jxb/erw156
635:Alternantheroids:
618:Alternantheroids:
372:Blutaparon rigidum
1009:
1008:
984:Open Tree of Life
911:Taxon identifiers
818:(12): 1992–2003.
759:(14): 4039–4056.
704:Systematic Botany
674:Pfaffia glomerata
656:Gomphrena serrata
481:Pedersen in Peru.
435:Gomphrena globosa
157:
156:
141:
40:Gomphrena globosa
1034:
1002:
1001:
992:
991:
979:
978:
966:
965:
953:
952:
951:
938:
937:
936:
906:
905:
900:
899:
889:
857:
851:
850:
849:
843:
803:
794:
793:
792:
786:
768:
740:
731:
730:, 92, p. 66-102.
720:
714:
696:
667:
650:
632:
615:
604:Iresine lindenii
597:
291:Alternantheroids
259:P.Browne (Syn.:
137:
56:
55:
33:
21:
20:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1005:
997:
995:
987:
982:
974:
969:
961:
956:
947:
946:
941:
932:
931:
926:
913:
903:
863:
858:
854:
844:
809:
804:
797:
787:
748:
741:
734:
721:
717:
697:
688:
684:
677:
671:
668:
659:
651:
642:
636:
633:
624:
616:
607:
601:
598:
589:
582:
574:
570:
504:Pseudogomphrena
355:
344:
340:
336:
328:
301:Forssk. (Syn.:
293:
231:
203:
184:-photosynthesis
183:
136:
50:
24:Gomphrenoideae
17:
12:
11:
5:
1040:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
993:
980:
967:
954:
949:Gomphrenoideae
939:
923:
921:
919:Gomphrenoideae
915:
914:
902:
901:
872:(3): 283–297.
861:
852:
807:
795:
746:
732:
715:
685:
683:
680:
679:
678:
670:Gomphrenoids:
669:
662:
660:
653:Gomphrenoids:
652:
645:
643:
634:
627:
625:
617:
610:
608:
599:
592:
588:
585:
580:
572:
568:
541:
540:
532:
524:
520:Pseudoplantago
516:
515:
514:
500:
492:
484:
483:
482:
468:
460:
448:
440:
439:
438:
431:
424:
401:
400:
399:
385:
377:
376:
375:
354:
351:
342:
338:
334:
326:
323:
322:
314:
306:
292:
289:
285:
284:
283:
282:
264:
252:
251:
250:
230:
227:
202:
199:
181:
161:Gomphrenoideae
155:
154:
148:
147:
143:
142:
134:Gomphrenoideae
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
114:Caryophyllales
111:
107:
106:
101:
94:
93:
88:
81:
80:
75:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1039:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1022:Amaranthaceae
1020:
1019:
1017:
1000:
994:
990:
985:
981:
977:
972:
968:
964:
959:
955:
950:
944:
940:
935:
929:
925:
924:
922:
920:
916:
912:
907:
897:
893:
888:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
856:
848:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
802:
800:
791:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
762:
758:
754:
750:
739:
737:
729:
725:
719:
713:
709:
705:
701:
695:
693:
691:
686:
676:
675:
666:
661:
658:
657:
649:
644:
641:
640:
631:
626:
623:
622:
614:
609:
606:
605:
596:
591:
590:
584:
578:
566:
562:
561:Gossypianthus
558:
554:
550:
546:
538:
537:
533:
530:
529:
525:
522:
521:
517:
512:
509:
508:
506:
505:
501:
498:
497:
493:
490:
489:
485:
480:
477:
476:
474:
473:
469:
466:
465:
461:
458:
455:Kunth (Syn.:
454:
453:
449:
446:
445:
444:Gossypianthus
441:
437:
436:
432:
430:
429:
425:
423:
422:
418:
417:
415:
411:
407:
406:
402:
397:
394:
393:
391:
390:
389:Froelichiella
386:
383:
382:
378:
374:
373:
369:
368:
366:
362:
361:
357:
356:
350:
348:
332:
320:
319:
315:
312:
311:
307:
304:
300:
299:
298:Alternanthera
295:
294:
288:
280:
276:
273:
272:
270:
269:
265:
262:
258:
257:
253:
248:
244:
241:
240:
238:
237:
233:
232:
226:
223:
219:
216:According to
214:
212:
208:
198:
196:
192:
187:
185:
177:
173:
168:
166:
165:Amaranthaceae
162:
153:
149:
144:
140:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:Amaranthaceae
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:Tracheophytes
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
918:
887:11336/182484
869:
865:
855:
815:
811:
756:
752:
727:
723:
718:
703:
699:
672:
654:
637:
619:
602:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
542:
534:
526:
518:
510:
502:
494:
486:
478:
470:
462:
456:
450:
442:
433:
426:
419:
414:polyphyletic
409:
403:
395:
387:
379:
370:
364:
363:Raf. (Syn.:
358:
353:Gomphrenoids
346:
331:Alternathera
330:
324:
316:
308:
302:
296:
286:
278:
274:
266:
260:
254:
246:
242:
234:
222:monophyletic
218:phylogenetic
215:
210:
204:
188:
169:
160:
158:
151:
133:
97:
84:
71:
38:
18:
943:Wikispecies
600:Iresinoids:
587:Photographs
583:relatives.
549:Guilleminea
528:Quaternella
472:Hebanthodes
452:Guilleminea
347:Tidestromia
318:Tidestromia
207:Hans Schinz
201:Systematics
130:Subfamily:
91:Angiosperms
1016:Categories
682:References
565:Lithophila
553:Blutaparon
545:Froelichia
536:Xerosiphon
488:Lithophila
457:Brayulinea
408:L. (Syn.:
381:Froelichia
365:Philoxerus
360:Blutaparon
310:Pedersenia
229:Iresinoids
195:thorn bush
896:0024-4074
832:0002-9122
775:0022-0957
557:Gomphrena
410:Bragantia
405:Gomphrena
303:Brandesia
268:Woehleria
261:Dicraurus
186:pathway.
61:Kingdom:
996:VASCAN:
928:Wikidata
840:21636394
783:27053721
464:Hebanthe
236:Irenella
120:Family:
104:Eudicots
989:5919904
976:1316647
934:Q142817
555:, some
496:Pfaffia
279:Iresine
256:Iresine
247:Iresine
172:stamens
146:Genera
110:Order:
65:Plantae
894:
838:
830:
781:
773:
726:, In:
702:, In:
459:Small)
176:locule
139:Schinz
963:1GMPS
577:Andes
337:and C
98:Clade
85:Clade
72:Clade
971:NCBI
958:EPPO
892:ISSN
836:PMID
828:ISSN
779:PMID
771:ISSN
563:and
189:The
170:The
159:The
999:388
882:hdl
874:doi
870:184
820:doi
761:doi
708:doi
1018::
986::
973::
960::
945::
930::
890:.
880:.
868:.
834:.
826:.
816:94
814:.
798:^
777:.
769:.
757:67
755:.
751:.
735:^
689:^
551:,
547:,
349:.
341:–C
167:.
100::
87::
74::
898:.
884::
876::
862:4
842:.
822::
808:4
785:.
763::
747:4
710::
581:3
573:4
569:4
343:4
339:3
335:3
327:4
325:C
281:.
249:.
182:4
180:C
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