603:, primarily eating invertebrates such as insects and small slugs, but also eating grass seeds. It typically forages on the ground for food, hiding from its prey among various plants, such as grass, and moving slowly. It usually inhabits a single place throughout its life, but habitat changes sometimes cause it to move to a different location. Records from New Guinea and Tasmania have shown it to be a wandering bird, and it possibly undergoes partial migration in China. It is often difficult to detect in the non-breeding season, which has made it difficult to analyse when it travels to different areas. It is most often found single or in small flocks, but outside of the breeding season groups can be larger.
701:
674:
728:
31:
502:
620:, depending on the area. During the breeding season, males sometimes fly and vocalize for display. In these performances, the male "climbs vertically, spirals upwards to cruising height of about 50 m, circles for up to 5 minutes, singing, alternately fluttering and closing wings", and then steeply descends to just above the ground. It can repeat this practice immediately or fly to another part of its territory and then do so. The male defends its territory, which in Queensland, Australia, is 0.2–1.4 ha (0.5–3.5 acres).
101:
76:
535:
wings edged in buff, and a golden head. Their throat is white and the back of their neck is a dull shade of gold. Aside from being lighter in colour, juveniles are similar in appearance to adults. It produces a variety of sounds distinct from other birds, which, according to the
Sunshine Coast Council, range from a "teewip" to a "wheezz, whit-whit". When vocalizing the species exhibits a crest on its head.
587:
612:
any time of the year in north
Australia, while it breeds from January to May in west Australia and October to April in east Australia. In southeast Australia, breeding usually occurs there in September–October, and its breeding plumage appears earlier, in July or August. The species can breed at other times of the year when rain is falling. It can be
630:, it constructs the nest by creating holes, "threading through cobweb silk", and lastly "pulling the construction together". The nests are built by both sexes, with the female stitching the nest together and the male giving spider-web threads to the female. They are round in shape with an entry on the side.
623:
The bird constructs its nests in shrubs, grass tussock, and other types of vegetation, no more than 3 m (10 ft) above the ground. They are built with green leaves, soft plant down, and grass, with the plants being used so that the nest is camouflaged. Described as the "finest tailor of all
611:
The golden-headed cisticola typically mates during the rainy season, which varies across countries. In Asia, the breeding season is in May–July in China, April–August in India, September–March in
Moluccas and Sulawesi, December–March in New Guinea, and April–September in southeast Asia. It can breed
534:
as a shorter tail has been shown to improve male reproductive success. Females and males outside of the breeding season are similar in appearance, characterized by a cream-coloured underside and a brown upperside. They have streaks of black or dark brown on the upper part of their body, with black
321:
in 1829. This species has been known by several
English names in addition to the golden-headed cisticola, including bright-capped cisticola, bright-headed cisticola, bright-crowned cisticola, gold-capped cisticola, yellow-headed cisticola, exile warbler and fan-tail warbler. It has been called a
563:
farmland, in areas where the grass is tall and thick. With the exception of the breeding season, the species mostly prefers to be near the ground. In
Northern Australia, fires can occur in grasslands, causing it to sometimes live in forest edge habitats. According to the scientific journal
543:
The golden-headed cisticola has a very large range and population, covering
Australia, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, and Vietnam. Its extent of occurrence is estimated to be
637:
by the female, taking 11 days. The rate of eggs that survive to hatch is 32%. After hatching, the female feeds the chicks and the male defends the nest, chasing away animals that come near it. Young remain in the nest for 11–13 days, during which time the female swallows their feces.
591:
589:
269:, found in Australia and thirteen Asian countries. Growing to 9–11.5 cm (3.5–4.5 in) long, it is usually brown and cream in colour, but has a different appearance during the mating season, with a gold-coloured body and a much shorter tail. It is an
273:
and frequently makes a variety of vocalizations. Known as the "finest tailor of all birds", it constructs nests out of plants and spider threads. It mates in the rainy season. It has a very large range and population, which is thought to be increasing.
590:
509:
The golden-headed cisticola is a small species, growing to 9–11.5 cm (3.5–4.5 in) long and weighing 6–10 g (0.21–0.35 oz), with males slightly heavier than females. Although its appearance is similar to the
47:
529:
The male has several characteristics that are only present during the breeding season, including a golden body colour, a golden-orange head, and a dull chin. It also has a shorter tail; this may be a result of
650:(IUCN) believes that the golden-headed cisticola's population is increasing globally. Its population density varies across regions – in most areas, about 2–6 birds are found in a single hectare, while in the
588:
45:
727:
700:
673:
1255:
46:
1546:
1317:
544:
36,800,000 km (14,200,000 sq mi), and it is the most common species of cisticola in
Australia and from India to the Philippines.
1741:
647:
1585:
1706:
1130:
832:"Australian birds in the collection of the Linnean Society; with an attempt at arranging them according to their natural affinities"
1665:
1520:
904:
1736:
1559:
1054:(2nd ed.). Washington D.C. and Barcelona: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and Lynx Edicions. p. 468.
1059:
1564:
1228:
570:
624:
birds" for its nest-making, the species frequently stitches its nest together using spider threads. According to the
1590:
574:
says that it can live up to 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in China and 1,800 m (5,900 ft) on the island of
1731:
654:, Western Australia, as many as 27 birds can be in a hectare. Due to its wide range and increasing population, the
1292:
873:
1090:
1024:
651:
1721:
1716:
617:
1726:
1463:
1458:
1406:
379:
1411:
1384:
1220:
956:
798:
100:
1424:
898:
Jobling, J.A. (2019). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.).
1162:
Balmford, Andrew; Lewis, Milton J.; Brooke, M. de L.; Thomas, Adrian L.R.; Johnson, C.N. (2000).
823:
287:
212:
1551:
1432:
1346:
511:
1577:
1450:
1164:"Experimental analyses of sexual and natural selection on short tails in a polygynous warbler"
1140:
1683:
1616:
419:
302:
195:
526:) is also similar, but does not have the "rich golden" head of the golden-headed cisticola.
1507:
1437:
1393:
490:
8:
1398:
1047:
1012:
Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol' I 1. Old World
Flycatchers to Old World Warblers
738:
711:
684:
613:
283:
65:
775:
1711:
1445:
1190:
1163:
1135:
1082:
847:
367:
225:
95:
1678:
1611:
1481:
1224:
1195:
1086:
1055:
1020:
931:
519:
318:
937:
Skizzirte
Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der europäischen Thierwelt
935:
1486:
1322:
1185:
1175:
899:
843:
827:
793:
626:
531:
410:
343:
291:
216:
30:
1629:
1473:
518:), the golden-headed cisticola has a shorter tail during the breeding season. The
1656:
1598:
1214:
1076:
1010:
450:
960:
634:
429:
392:
1284:
831:
568:, it lives at altitudes of 1,200 m (3,900 ft) or less, although the
1700:
1572:
1369:
1016:
784:
659:
655:
456:
295:
85:
80:
56:
501:
308:
is the Latin word for "small", "slender" or "thin". It is now placed in the
1199:
1180:
404:
355:
266:
162:
1603:
1533:
1378:
940:(in German). Vol. c. 1. Darmstadt: Carl Wilhelm Leske. p. 119.
443:– Sumatra, southwest Borneo, Java, Lesser Sundas and northwest Australia
1670:
1624:
1525:
600:
484:
438:
332:
324:
348:– south Nepal and northeast India to north Myanmar and southwest China
1052:
Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide Volume 2: Attributes and Status
909:
560:
556:
313:
172:
152:
112:
1538:
1499:
1340:
961:"Grassbirds, Donacobius, Malagasy warblers, cisticolas & allies"
1650:
1363:
552:
548:
425:
270:
132:
1419:
262:
1512:
646:
Based on reports of its population in individual countries, the
1318:"Jim Thomson catches an amazing character of the bush | PHOTOS"
575:
122:
1213:
Campbell, Iain; Woods, Sam; Leseberg, Nick (9 November 2014).
769:
767:
765:
763:
1494:
746:
742:
719:
715:
692:
688:
309:
760:
142:
1161:
1008:
773:
505:
The golden-headed cisticola's cream-coloured underside
328:, a genus containing 13 species known as tailorbirds.
1212:
1009:del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D. A. (2006).
878:
Grasslands: Biodiversity of south-eastern
Australia
1046:
799:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22713544A94378885.en
633:Three or four eggs are laid at a time, which are
1698:
1256:"Spotlight on Urban Wildlife: Birds – Cisticola"
822:
1078:International Wildlife Encyclopedia, Volume 19
648:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1278:
1276:
836:Transactions of the Linnean Society of London
322:tailorbird, but it is not closely related to
317:, which was erected by the German naturalist
1282:
1253:
1206:
1155:
1074:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
1249:
1247:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
955:
595:An adult golden-headed cisticola vocalizing
538:
1311:
1309:
1273:
547:The species' habitat can be grassy hills,
74:
43:
29:
1189:
1179:
855:
797:
1315:
1244:
1216:Birds of Australia: A Photographic Guide
1106:
1075:Burton, Maurice; Burton, Robert (2002).
905:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
900:"Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology"
818:
816:
585:
500:
1306:
897:
1699:
1004:
1002:
372:– east Myanmar, Thailand and Indochina
38:Adult male during the breeding season
1742:Taxa named by Nicholas Aylward Vigors
1345:
1344:
1254:O'Connor, Julie (17 September 2013).
1068:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
967:. International Ornithologists' Union
951:
949:
947:
891:
813:
1283:Pallardy, Richard; Sampaolo, Marco.
930:
1707:IUCN Red List least concern species
785:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1316:Thompson, Jim (31 December 2015).
979:
944:
848:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1826.tb00115.x
571:Handbook of the Birds of the World
14:
1753:
1219:(illustrated, reprint ed.).
1168:Proceedings of the Royal Society
726:
699:
672:
282:The golden-headed cisticola was
99:
959:; Donsker, David, eds. (2019).
774:BirdLife International (2016).
599:The golden-headed cisticola is
1737:Taxa named by Thomas Horsfield
1040:
924:
496:
477:– east and southeast Australia
475:(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)
238:(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)
1:
1293:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
852:The title page is dated 1826.
753:
455:– New Guinea, islands in the
55:Vocalization recorded in the
1412:Cisticola_(Cisticola)_exilis
1050:; Anderton, John C. (2012).
581:
7:
965:World Bird List Version 8.2
606:
277:
10:
1758:
1221:Princeton University Press
665:
1640:
1353:
1131:"Golden-headed Cisticola"
874:"Golden-headed Cisticola"
733:Golden-headed Cisticola (
706:Golden-headed Cisticola (
679:Golden-headed Cisticola (
658:lists it as a species of
641:
231:
224:
201:
194:
96:Scientific classification
94:
72:
63:
54:
42:
37:
28:
23:
1081:(illustrated ed.).
838:(in English and Latin).
824:Vigors, Nicholas Aylward
792:: e.T22713544A94378885.
735:Cisticola exilis tytleri
708:Cisticola exilis tytleri
681:Cisticola exilis tytleri
539:Distribution and habitat
468:– inland north Australia
24:Golden-headed cisticola
1732:Birds described in 1827
1451:golden-headed-cisticola
1289:Encyclopædia Britannica
559:, rivers, wetlands, or
459:and northeast Australia
259:bright-capped cisticola
249:golden-headed cisticola
1260:Sunshine Coast Council
1181:10.1098/rspb.2000.1117
912:, Spain: Lynx Edicions
596:
512:black-backed cisticola
506:
384:– south and east China
294:in 1827 and given the
594:
504:
352:C. e. erythrocephalus
257:), also known as the
1048:Rasmussen, Pamela C.
1019:. pp. 464–465.
491:Bismarck Archipelago
1722:Birds of New Guinea
1717:Birds of Indomalaya
1174:(1448): 1121–1128.
739:Manas National Park
712:Manas National Park
685:Manas National Park
286:by the naturalists
66:Conservation status
1727:Birds of Australia
1446:BirdLife-Australia
1136:BirdLife Australia
1083:Marshall Cavendish
932:Kaup, Johann Jakob
597:
524:Cisticola juncidis
507:
435:C. e. lineocapilla
409:– Philippines and
364:C. e. equicaudatus
360:– peninsular India
261:, is a species of
1694:
1693:
1679:Open Tree of Life
1612:Open Tree of Life
1347:Taxon identifiers
1143:on 8 January 2019
1061:978-84-96553-87-3
828:Horsfield, Thomas
592:
520:zitting cisticola
516:Cisticola eximius
488:
476:
467:
454:
442:
423:
408:
396:
383:
371:
359:
347:
319:Johann Jakob Kaup
245:
244:
239:
89:
48:
1749:
1687:
1686:
1674:
1673:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1633:
1632:
1630:Cisticola-exilis
1620:
1619:
1607:
1606:
1594:
1593:
1581:
1580:
1568:
1567:
1555:
1554:
1542:
1541:
1529:
1528:
1516:
1515:
1503:
1502:
1490:
1489:
1477:
1476:
1467:
1466:
1454:
1453:
1441:
1440:
1428:
1427:
1425:7CB5F8B89DB62D7B
1415:
1414:
1402:
1401:
1399:Cisticola_exilis
1389:
1388:
1387:
1385:Cisticola exilis
1374:
1373:
1372:
1355:Cisticola exilis
1342:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1323:Maitland Mercury
1313:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1193:
1183:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1139:. Archived from
1127:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1085:. p. 2618.
1072:
1066:
1065:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1006:
977:
976:
974:
972:
953:
942:
941:
928:
922:
921:
919:
917:
895:
889:
888:
886:
884:
870:
853:
851:
820:
811:
810:
808:
806:
801:
778:Cisticola exilis
771:
730:
703:
676:
627:Maitland Mercury
593:
532:sexual selection
483:
481:C. e. polionotus
474:
465:
463:C. e. alexandrae
449:
437:
418:
411:Sulu Archipelago
403:
390:
378:
366:
354:
342:
335:are recognised:
303:specific epithet
292:Thomas Horsfield
254:Cisticola exilis
237:
207:
205:Cisticola exilis
104:
103:
83:
78:
77:
50:
49:
33:
21:
20:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1682:
1677:
1669:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1636:
1628:
1623:
1615:
1610:
1602:
1599:Observation.org
1597:
1589:
1584:
1576:
1571:
1563:
1558:
1550:
1545:
1537:
1532:
1524:
1519:
1511:
1506:
1498:
1493:
1485:
1480:
1472:
1470:
1462:
1457:
1449:
1444:
1436:
1431:
1423:
1418:
1410:
1405:
1397:
1392:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1349:
1339:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1314:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1281:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1252:
1245:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1223:. p. 354.
1211:
1207:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1129:
1128:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1007:
980:
970:
968:
954:
945:
929:
925:
915:
913:
896:
892:
882:
880:
872:
871:
856:
842:(1): 170–334 .
821:
814:
804:
802:
772:
761:
756:
749:
731:
722:
704:
695:
677:
668:
644:
609:
586:
584:
541:
499:
447:C. e. diminutus
401:C. e. semirufus
376:C. e. courtoisi
288:Nicholas Vigors
280:
220:
209:
203:
190:
98:
90:
79:
75:
68:
44:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
1755:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1675:
1662:
1646:
1644:
1642:Malurus exilis
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1621:
1608:
1595:
1582:
1569:
1556:
1543:
1530:
1517:
1504:
1491:
1478:
1468:
1455:
1442:
1429:
1416:
1403:
1390:
1375:
1359:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1337:
1336:
1305:
1272:
1243:
1230:978-1400865109
1229:
1205:
1154:
1105:
1091:
1067:
1060:
1039:
1025:
978:
943:
923:
890:
854:
812:
758:
757:
755:
752:
751:
750:
732:
725:
723:
705:
698:
696:
678:
671:
667:
664:
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608:
605:
583:
580:
540:
537:
498:
495:
494:
493:
478:
469:
460:
444:
432:
430:Maluku Islands
416:C. e. rusticus
413:
398:
388:C. e. volitans
385:
373:
361:
349:
299:Malurus exilis
279:
276:
265:in the family
243:
242:
241:
240:
235:Malurus exilis
229:
228:
222:
221:
210:
199:
198:
192:
191:
187:C. exilis
184:
182:
178:
177:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
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126:
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116:
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106:
105:
92:
91:
73:
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69:
64:
61:
60:
52:
51:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1754:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
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1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
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1676:
1672:
1667:
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1658:
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1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1312:
1310:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1277:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1248:
1232:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1063:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1028:
1022:
1018:
1017:Lynx Edicions
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1141:the original
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18:
1534:iNaturalist
1379:Wikispecies
1285:"Cisticola"
1236:14 February
1098:14 February
1032:13 February
957:Gill, Frank
805:12 November
497:Description
1701:Categories
1625:Xeno-canto
1296:Retrieved
1265:10 January
1092:0761472851
1026:849655306X
754:References
618:polygamous
614:monogamous
601:omnivorous
557:scrublands
428:and south
393:R. Swinhoe
333:subspecies
325:Orthotomus
1712:Cisticola
1657:Q41004556
1329:8 January
1298:8 January
1147:8 January
971:7 January
916:8 January
910:Barcelona
883:8 January
652:Kimberley
635:incubated
582:Behaviour
561:irrigated
553:woodlands
380:La Touche
314:Cisticola
284:described
217:Horsfield
181:Species:
174:Cisticola
119:Kingdom:
113:Eukaryota
1651:Wikidata
1578:22713544
1552:11125591
1438:22713544
1433:BirdLife
1364:Wikidata
1200:10885517
934:(1829).
830:(1827).
607:Breeding
549:savannas
426:Sulawesi
397:– Taiwan
278:Taxonomy
271:omnivore
226:Synonyms
159:Family:
133:Chordata
129:Phylum:
123:Animalia
109:Domain:
86:IUCN 3.1
59:, India
1684:7660725
1671:8934321
1617:3598926
1591:1306875
1526:2492836
1513:1048144
1500:gohcis1
1474:gohcis1
1420:Avibase
1370:Q795503
1191:1690646
666:Gallery
566:BioLife
451:Mathews
420:Wallace
405:Cabanis
395:, 1859)
331:Twelve
263:warbler
219:, 1827)
169:Genus:
149:Order:
139:Class:
84: (
1565:559328
1464:117209
1227:
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1089:
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1023:
642:Status
576:Lombok
487:, 1934
453:, 1922
441:, 1847
422:, 1863
407:, 1872
382:, 1926
370:, 1924
358:, 1851
346:, 1863
344:Jerdon
306:exilis
301:. The
215:&
213:Vigors
1604:76938
1547:IRMNG
1495:eBird
1487:5Z8F8
1471:BOW:
747:India
743:Assam
737:) at
720:India
716:Assam
710:) at
693:India
689:Assam
683:) at
439:Gould
356:Blyth
310:genus
1666:GBIF
1586:NCBI
1573:IUCN
1560:ITIS
1539:7657
1521:GBIF
1459:BOLD
1331:2019
1300:2019
1267:2019
1238:2019
1225:ISBN
1196:PMID
1149:2019
1100:2019
1087:ISBN
1056:ISBN
1034:2019
1021:ISBN
973:2019
918:2019
885:2019
807:2021
790:2016
485:Mayr
290:and
247:The
143:Aves
1508:EoL
1482:CoL
1407:AFD
1394:ADW
1186:PMC
1176:doi
1172:267
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794:doi
616:or
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