36:
149:
2490:
549:, in which Black imitates White by playing diagonally opposite with respect to the centre stone. There is another style, also called mirror go, where from the beginning of the game White imitates Black in a diagonally-opposite way. The first kind was interesting, for strong players, before the introduction of
881:
Hence the basic definition may be misleading for new players in that joseki can be misconstrued as foolproof and unalterable, and are otherwise optimal for all situations. Some joseki are in fact useful only for study within an artificially confined corner, and in real play are only considered good
594:
Examples of principles that are generally useful are comments such as 'corner-side-centre', which says that the corner areas of the board are more valuable than the sides (points near an edge but away from the corners). Occupying points in the centre may be good for early fighting, but these points
448:, a Japanese term that has a literal meaning of 'scattering of stones'. This really refers, therefore, to the way the initial plays are distributed around the sides and corners. If the game begins just in one corner, which is rare for high-level play but more common with novices, this is not really
1014:
in many cases come to a definite end, after which both players should move elsewhere. In some cases a sharp local struggle breaks out, which neither player should neglect. For those cases, the result of the opening may develop out of a 10×10 corner area into the rest of the board. Analysis without
1226:
There are 'joseki dictionaries' and 'fuseki dictionaries'. The largest joseki dictionaries contain around 50000 variations; the usual estimate is that a professional player would know about 10% of that number of corner opening lines. Fuseki dictionaries have never been produced in any comparable
778:
The
Chinese opening has an intricate history. According to several historical accounts (both Chinese and Japanese), it was actually first developed by Japanese players, but later was heavily researched and developed by Chinese players. It was very popular from about 1970 onwards, and has by Go
840:
toward the sides and center. The assessment also takes into account who started and ended the corner sequence: if Black has played one more stone than White in the corner, for example, Black's result should be objectively better than White's, to reflect the extra investment of a play.
1059:(or strength) and thus establish areas of territory. There is no complete theory of go, simply because the number of possible variations makes any literal study impossible. Hence even the opening is subject to changes of fashion, and also some notable periods of innovation.
775:(Chinese fuseki). To be more precise, these are names for the moyo (framework) formations which Black makes on one side of the board. Since White has a choice of perhaps two dozen legitimate variations on the other side, these are in fact large complexes of openings.
1050:
Go openings have been studied in depth for many centuries, and center upon concepts of finding balance with the opponent. Because black moves first, opening moves for black are based on the concept of exploiting that first-move advantage (along with
827:(石) means stone(s). It thus literally means "set stones", as in "set pattern". Variations are shown to lead to different positional advantages and disadvantages for the two players in certain overall game situations. If Black and White both play the
686:
is used by professionals in about 70% of corners. Corner openings for the 4-4 point are still being developed, but it is more accurate to say that almost all contemporary opening theory is implicated in the patterns around the 4-4 point.
456:
may be commonly used as a description for the pattern adopted by Black, the first player, for example, for Black 1-3-5. This ignores White 2 and White 4, and so is really a name for a side formation (for example,
1062:
Certain professional players are known for their use of specific or innovative types of openings, and their ability to combine their use of those openings with other strengths in competitive play.
1217:
for examples. "Middle game joseki" may not correspond to any definite concept translated from the
Japanese technical vocabulary, however, since they may simply be classified as known "techniques".
863:
as a term (in literature in
English) is applied to a set sequence happening in one corner in the opening stage. These sequences are not the only set sequences in the game, however. There are also
707:
is sometimes taken as synonymous with 'whole-board strategy'. More accurately, it means the 'scattering' or thin distribution of stones that occurs in the early part of the game. In the game of
915:
should be a player's goal. Hence the study of joseki is regarded as a double-edged sword and useful only if learned not by rote but rather by understanding the principles behind each move.
878:
is not fixed, but consists of patterns that have gained acceptance in professional games. That is, they form a consensus judgement that might change in the future, or with certain caveats.
931:
962:
may fall out of use for various reasons, some of which may often seem minor to the amateur player, and professionals may consider one variation suboptimal for a very specific reason.
871:. Other examples are common techniques for invading or reducing frameworks. Learning to apply these so-called "middle game joseki" is one of the steps to becoming strong.
1280:
482:. There are many thousands of these standard variations known, related to developments in just one 10×10 corner of the board. In English, they are almost always called
889:
simply means that one knows a sequence of moves, resulting in a balance or fair trade-off between their positions. This is in practice much easier than appraising how
922:
should be used as a specific tool that leaves the board in a particular shape. Just as using an improper tool in machinery can be devastating, choosing the wrong
748:
831:
correctly, they should achieve a balanced result within that particular corner; neither should have a large advantage, unless the opponent makes a mistake.
973:
dictionaries is similar to that of natural language dictionaries, in that some entries are obsolete and the listing is not likely to be complete. Studying
758:
673:
professionals into international competitions in the early 1990s saw the use of 'prepared variations' of whole-board openings, in a way not seen before.
379:
720:
630:
463:
1138:
738:
openings. Each type constitutes a series of plays which have been studied for their balance (with the other) as well as for countermoves.
753:
763:
1015:
taking into account what other stones are in place then becomes somewhat meaningless. The longest 'book' corner openings are about 50-
423:. Because of the symmetry of the board (eight-fold), there are certain conventions about displaying opening moves traditional in
467:, where Black 1 and Black 3 are at 4-4 points in the north-east and south-west corners). The Korean-language term equivalent to
682:
Contemporary Go opening strategy is more complicated than the old corner opening/whole-board opening distinction suggests. The
582:. Since there is great freedom of choice, the fundamental opening principles are more useful for all players before they reach
372:
1284:
1991:
1323:
603:
The opening strategy in Go can be said to have undergone some major changes in the twentieth century. Not only have new
317:
100:
2415:
72:
365:
119:
17:
570:
There are some conventional divisions that are applied. Firstly there is the distinction that may be drawn between
79:
2368:
1986:
834:"Balance" typically refers to an equitable trade-off between securing territory in the corner versus making good
647:
of 4.5 points in most top tournaments of the 1950s led to a tighter, territorial style for Black, for example in
541:
is a kind of experimental opening, and has at times in history been controversial. It may lead to what is called
2049:
1087:, the top player of the time. Go lost the controversial four-month game, which was played over 14 sessions in a
2445:
57:
1022:
Most corner openings do not have special or picturesque names. A few that do are known by
Japanese names: the
897:
is regarded as shallow, when compared with the ability to integrate a strategy into a complex game landscape.
1007:. It is, however, an important component of Go knowledge, though there is no single, codified source for it.
908:
loses two stones in strength," meaning that rote learning of sequences is not advantageous. Rather learning
86:
2039:
1071:
848:
are deviated from depending on the needs of the situation, and the opportunities available. While learning
1489:
2410:
2355:
882:
form when used in proper combination with other plays on the board (i.e. other joseki and fuseki moves).
435:, but naturally in speaking of an 'opening' one never needs to distinguish openings related by symmetry.
53:
2431:
2121:
68:
743:
plays in the corners are more efficient for making territory than plays on the sides or in the center.
2333:
2315:
1934:
663:
173:
2024:
1124:
2400:
2338:
2302:
2019:
1927:
1459:
852:
is a tool to defend against a local loss, players can seek to take advantage by deviating from the
353:
312:
2388:
2350:
2310:
2265:
1715:
1316:
638:
with older techniques for a more balanced approach, forming the basis of modern professional play
190:
46:
1686:
2405:
2345:
2320:
2218:
2079:
2009:
1605:
1574:
1476:
1471:
416:
2093:
2014:
1698:
1200:. The first player in a corner expects some advantage; the last player loses the initiative.
993:
Opening theory is less dominant in terms of study for those wanting to reach a good amateur
730:
The opening is conceptually and traditionally divided for study into the sequences that are
662:
dominated thinking from the early 1970s, and many further ideas were tried, for example the
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1955:
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8:
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Only a relatively small proportion of openings have a recognised name. These include the
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2034:
1974:
1912:
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1445:
1309:
619:
in 1933 and for a few years afterwards, a very different and experimental style called
348:
333:
1560:
1192:
On the other hand, the evaluation of the result as fair has to take into account both
2270:
1922:
1030:
1016:
409:
405:
295:
199:
2114:
1392:
555:, i.e. compensation points for second play. The second kind became interesting only
420:
2243:
2135:
2044:
2001:
1740:
1437:
836:
269:
185:
1773:
1766:
1413:
609:
been developed, but some important shifts in thinking have occurred. For example:
408:. There is some specialised terminology for go openings. The precise meanings of
2168:
2154:
2072:
1950:
1900:
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1795:
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1735:
1723:
1084:
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516:
in Go that do not relate to the corner openings. The Korean term equivalent to
264:
225:
1399:
1056:
2514:
2280:
2086:
1853:
1024:
575:
249:
168:
1885:
805:
studied and deemed as consisting of optimal (balanced) moves for both sides.
741:
For a standard board, the most basic single concept for the opening is that
666:
which is a side opening, rather than a corner opening or whole-board opening
419:
refers to an opening sequence of plays, almost always laid out the standard
2373:
2328:
2208:
2107:
1372:
1350:
1266:
1089:
254:
939:
compared choosing the proper joseki to choosing the proper medicine—
2455:
2378:
2193:
2180:
1875:
1810:
1790:
1362:
1228:
1052:
1042:. These are among the most complex, and are contraindicated for novices.
670:
533:
343:
338:
259:
163:
1418:
1227:
degree of comprehensiveness; the Large Fuseki
Dictionary (布石大事典) of the
941:
pick the right one, and you feel better. Pick the wrong one and you die.
2467:
2248:
2223:
2129:
1960:
1815:
1745:
1210:
1110:
948:
944:
901:
716:
648:
621:
285:
180:
867:
seen in the middle game: these include standard follow-ups to earlier
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2213:
1895:
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1408:
1355:
1342:
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1039:
1035:
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708:
683:
652:
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551:
542:
531:
In
Japanese the 10-10 point on the board (i.e. the center) is called
397:
140:
1759:
788:
479:
442:, but this is not used in English. Instead it is very common to use
218:
35:
2285:
2100:
1905:
1782:
1253:
844:
In application these concepts are in fact very dynamic, and often
2198:
1979:
1890:
1841:
1825:
493:
231:
1170:
in
Japanese, meaning 'set pattern', is current in English usage.
148:
2238:
2233:
1834:
1728:
1166:
1152:
1011:
698:
613:
from 1900 to 1930, the strategy was traditional, the so-called
605:
484:
444:
210:
1965:
985:
and middle-game fighting are considered to be more important.
404:
the opening phase of the game usually lasts between 15 and 40
2460:
2290:
1423:
1003:
998:
432:
428:
424:
2472:
1183:; essentially no theory for smaller boards gets into print.
625:
dominated professional go, at least for the younger players
2489:
1281:"Game of the Century Poster - Go Seigen vs Honinbo Shusai"
1240:
There are some localised variations of this length in the
723:
typically begins once the basic foundational areas called
715:
is the strategy of where, why, in what order, and in what
595:
are weaker from the aspect of developing one's territory.
953:
playing joseki is easy choosing the right one is hard.
438:
The
Japanese term for the opening phase of the game is
926:
can easily be worse than improvising one's own moves.
719:
the first several moves are played in Go opening. The
1301:
1137:
This occurs when moves directly attack an opponent's
634:, which mixed some of the more successful ideas from
598:
628:
from around 1936, there was a compromise of styles,
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1093:in Tokyo from 16 October 1933 to 19 January 1934.
578:in the way that they occur repeated in games, and
2512:
461:) or perhaps a diagonal formation (for example,
1072:List of Go games § The Game of the_Century
1141:, with the serious possibility of killing it.
977:is only an important part of developing one's
1317:
802:played and documented in high-level play, and
373:
893:relate to the rest of the board—hence
1324:
1310:
779:standards a thoroughly-researched theory.
380:
366:
147:
1267:"Game of the Century at Sensei's Library"
981:as a player at some levels; the study of
798:are "sequences" of moves which have been
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1231:has around 1000 representative openings.
965:There is no definitive guide to what is
574:, the codified variations that resemble
504:. The literal meaning in Japanese is of
727:are established and "fighting" begins.
567:is the strategy applied in Go opening.
14:
2513:
1305:
677:
427:. These do not necessarily apply in
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1122:Framework in English translates to
1079:played his third move (Black 5) on
589:
24:
2416:Taiwan Chi Yuan Culture Foundation
1109:The opening is normally around 20
1065:
932:A Way of Play for the 21st Century
599:Developments over the last century
396:is the initial stage of a game of
25:
2532:
2488:
823:(定) means "fixed" or "set", and
34:
2369:All Japan Student Go Federation
1273:
1259:
1234:
1215:The Midde Game of Go: Chubansen
1010:The standard sequences for the
45:needs additional citations for
2446:Games played with Go equipment
1220:
1203:
1186:
1173:
1159:
1144:
1131:
1116:
1103:
412:terms is often misunderstood.
13:
1:
1096:
769:"Pinwheel" or Shusaku opening
734:openings and those that are
874:The current body made up of
7:
2411:Singapore Weiqi Association
2356:International Go Federation
1156:is also current in English.
988:
904:that states that "learning
10:
2537:
2123:Long Ode to Watching Weiqi
1069:
1045:
786:
696:
651:, with greater use of the
27:Initial moves of a Go game
2483:
2424:
2334:Chinese Weiqi Association
2316:Australian Go Association
2301:
2179:
2058:
2000:
1943:
1852:
1714:
1436:
1371:
1341:
1194:who started in the corner
1083:, in a 1933 game against
812:is a Japanese word (定石) (
782:
690:
508:(i.e., fixed or settled)
326:Computers and mathematics
278:Players and organizations
2401:Mind Sports Organisation
2339:Hong Kong Go Association
2050:Lee's broken ladder game
1928:Nihon Ki-in Hall of Fame
951:similarly remarked that
354:AlphaGo versus Lee Sedol
2389:Korea Baduk Association
2351:French Federation of Go
2311:American Go Association
2266:Monte Carlo tree search
2040:The Game of the Century
1040:Magic sword of Muramasa
524:, often transliterated
222:(corner-based openings)
2406:New Zealand Go Society
2346:European Go Federation
2321:British Go Association
2081:The Girl Who Played Go
1935:Professional handicaps
1331:
1198:who ended the sequence
664:mini-chinese formation
417:go whole-board opening
214:(whole-board openings)
2020:AlphaGo vs. Lee Sedol
969:; the situation with
885:Knowing a particular
580:go opening principles
537:. An opening play at
400:. On the traditional
2361:Irish Go Association
2163:The Surrounding Game
1716:Strategy and tactics
641:the introduction of
559:the introduction of
191:Strategy and tactics
54:improve this article
2261:Future of Go Summit
2189:Computer Go UEC Cup
2030:Blood-vomiting game
2010:AlphaGo vs. Fan Hui
895:knowledge of joseki
856:, or "pausing" it.
749:Three stars opening
565:Go opening strategy
349:Internet Go servers
242:History and culture
135:Part of a series on
2451:Go and mathematics
2432:Benson's algorithm
2394:Myongji University
2035:Ear-reddening game
2015:AlphaGo vs. Ke Jie
1870:Dunhuang Go Manual
1252:, where in fact a
1179:I.e. a 19x19 line
1150:The Japanese term
703:The Japanese term
678:Contemporary ideas
480:go corner openings
334:Go and mathematics
2508:
2507:
2271:Smart Game Format
2002:Games and matches
1956:Ranks and ratings
1244:variation of the
759:Two stars opening
572:go opening theory
502:standard sequence
410:Japanese language
390:
389:
303:Ranks and ratings
130:
129:
122:
104:
18:Go opening theory
16:(Redirected from
2528:
2493:
2492:
2150:Sensei's Library
2137:The Master of Go
2045:Kamakura jubango
2025:Atomic bomb game
1918:European players
1326:
1319:
1312:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1295:
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1292:
1283:. Archived from
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1246:nikkentakabasami
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590:Basic principles
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30:
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2170:The Weiqi Devil
2074:The Divine Move
2054:
1996:
1975:Honorary titles
1951:Go professional
1939:
1901:Oskar Korschelt
1863:Classic of Arts
1848:
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1460:Board positions
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1099:
1074:
1068:
1066:The 10-10 point
1048:
991:
791:
785:
773:Chinese opening
701:
695:
680:
660:Chinese opening
655:for White also.
601:
592:
478:There are also
459:Chinese opening
386:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2204:AlphaGo Master
2201:
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2116:Igo Hatsuyōron
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1923:Female players
1920:
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1881:Four Go houses
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1821:Empty triangle
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1806:Opening theory
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1796:Life and death
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1724:Capturing race
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1101:
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1085:Honinbo Shusai
1070:Main article:
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1064:
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990:
987:
983:life and death
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576:chess openings
545:, in Japanese
498:corner opening
421:19×19 go board
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1287:on 2010-02-19
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71: –
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65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2461:
2438:
2374:Kansai Ki-in
2329:China Qiyuan
2209:AlphaGo Zero
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2136:
2128:
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2109:Hikaru no Go
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1687:Shoulder hit
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1289:. Retrieved
1285:the original
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1128:in Japanese.
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671:South Korean
642:
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631:sugou fuseki
629:
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571:
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512:. There are
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483:
477:
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468:
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453:
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443:
439:
437:
414:
393:
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318:Competitions
235:(Go puzzles)
230:
217:
209:
195:
174:professional
116:
110:January 2021
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
69:"Go opening"
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2521:Go openings
2379:Nihon Ki-in
2219:Crazy Stone
1992:Tournaments
1944:Competition
1876:Emperor Yao
1606:Monkey jump
1576:Korigatachi
1472:Divine move
1229:Nihon Ki-in
1139:weak groups
900:There is a
732:whole board
721:middle game
464:tasukiboshi
402:19×19 board
344:Go software
339:Computer Go
2468:Capture go
2249:Leela Zero
2224:Darkforest
2130:The MANIAC
1747:Shinfuseki
1291:2019-12-07
1256:may arise.
1211:Sakata Eio
1097:References
1055:) to gain
997:, than in
949:Rui Naiwei
902:go proverb
725:frameworks
649:Sakata Eio
636:shinfuseki
622:shinfuseki
584:dan player
394:Go opening
80:newspapers
2214:AlphaZero
2181:Computers
1896:9 Pin Zhi
1886:Four arts
1801:Mirror Go
1741:Kobayashi
1699:Thickness
1414:Clamshell
1373:Equipment
1351:Handicaps
1077:Go Seigen
1057:influence
1036:avalanche
937:Go Seigen
837:thickness
819:), where
817:jeongseok
754:sanrensei
684:4-4 point
653:3-3 point
644:komidashi
561:komidashi
552:komidashi
543:mirror go
522:jeongseok
500:, but of
492:is not a
255:Equipment
169:Handicaps
2515:Category
2500:Category
2456:Variants
2286:Pandanet
2229:Fine Art
2102:Go World
1907:Oshirogo
1811:Proverbs
1343:Overview
1254:ko fight
989:Concepts
979:strength
859:Usually
764:nirensei
452:. Also,
291:European
260:Variants
204:strategy
181:Proverbs
2276:Servers
2199:AlphaGo
2194:Engines
2156:Shibumi
2067:AlphaGo
1981:Jubango
1913:Players
1891:Hoensha
1854:History
1843:Tsumego
1827:Ponnuki
1753:Shusaku
1736:Chinese
1640:Myoushu
1619:Myoushu
1594:Liberty
1555:Kikashi
1477:Double
1394:Katsura
1046:History
1038:), the
955:(par.)
586:level.
526:jungsuk
494:synonym
286:Players
250:History
232:Tsumego
196:Opening
94:scholar
2385:Korea
2365:Japan
2325:China
2239:KataGo
2234:GNU Go
1836:Tenuki
1791:Ladder
1775:Taisha
1768:Nadare
1761:Jōseki
1730:Fuseki
1693:Tesuji
1662:Sabaki
1651:Pincer
1626:Nakade
1589:Ladder
1583:Kosumi
1534:Kakari
1527:Joseki
1513:Hayago
1499:tenuki
1409:Stones
1250:taisha
1196:, and
1167:Joseki
1153:fuseki
1090:ryokan
1081:tengen
1031:nadare
1028:, the
1025:taisha
1012:joseki
975:joseki
971:joseki
967:joseki
960:joseki
924:joseki
920:joseki
918:Every
913:joseki
906:joseki
891:joseki
887:joseki
876:joseki
869:joseki
865:joseki
861:joseki
854:joseki
850:joseki
846:joseki
829:joseki
814:Korean
810:Joseki
795:Joseki
789:Jōseki
783:Jōseki
736:corner
717:shapes
705:fuseki
699:Fuseki
692:Fuseki
606:joseki
547:manego
539:tengen
534:tengen
518:joseki
514:joseki
510:stones
490:joseki
485:joseki
473:poseok
469:fuseki
454:fuseki
450:fuseki
445:fuseki
296:Female
219:Jōseki
211:Fuseki
200:theory
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2462:Batoo
2425:Other
2291:Tygem
2244:Leela
2144:Ranka
1816:Shape
1786:fight
1682:Shape
1676:Sente
1656:Probe
1633:Nerai
1541:Keima
1495:sente
1454:Atari
1438:Terms
1425:Yunzi
1419:Slate
1387:Goban
1381:Bowls
1363:Rules
1181:goban
1113:long.
1053:sente
1004:shogi
999:chess
995:level
557:after
440:joban
433:Korea
429:China
425:Japan
406:plies
164:Rules
101:JSTOR
87:books
2473:Sygo
2439:kifu
1705:Yose
1669:Seki
1646:Peep
1612:Moyo
1600:Miai
1569:Komi
1548:Kiai
1520:Jigo
1506:Hane
1497:and
1491:Gote
1485:Eyes
1479:hane
1466:Dame
1401:Kaya
1357:Komi
1242:kado
1209:See
1125:moyo
945:par.
910:from
825:seki
771:and
658:the
73:news
2254:Zen
1967:Kyū
1961:Dan
1447:Aji
1111:ply
1017:ply
1001:or
947:)
767:),
757:),
520:is
506:set
496:of
471:is
431:or
56:by
2517::
1784:Ko
1562:Ko
1493:,
1334:Go
1213:,
1019:.
958:A
935:,
821:jo
711:,
709:Go
563:.
528:.
488:;
475:.
415:A
398:Go
392:A
202:;
141:Go
2441:)
1325:e
1318:t
1311:v
1294:.
1269:.
1034:(
943:(
761:(
751:(
381:e
374:t
367:v
206:)
198:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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