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where the familiar segmented red larvae develop protected by silk tubes made in the bottom silt. These larvae progress from tiny pale opaque worms to the larger red larvae of 3 to 10 centimeters (1.2 to 3.9 in) in length or longer over a period as short as 2–3 weeks in optimum conditions.
368:
These animals are unique in that they contain a lot of copper without being poisoned. Their jaws are unusually strong since they too contain the metal in the form of a copper-based chloride biomineral, known as
326:
that bears four hollow jaws. The jaws are connected to glands that supply venom which they use to kill their prey, and their bite is painful even to a human. They are preyed on by other worms, bottom-feeding
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342:
Reproduction occurs in midsummer, when the warmer water temperature and lunar cycle among other factors triggers sexually mature worms to transform into a non-feeding stage called the
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Lichtenegger HC, Schöberl T, Bartl MH, Waite H, Stucky GD (October 2002). "High abrasion resistance with sparse mineralization: copper biomineral in worm jaws".
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292:. They are typically found on the bottom of shallow marine waters, and some species (e.g. common bloodworms) can grow up to 35 cm (14 in) in length.
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to show through. This is the origin of the name "bloodworm". At the 'head', bloodworms have four small antennae and small fleshy projections called
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Read, G.; Fauchald, K. (Ed.) (2023). World
Polychaeta Database. Glycera Lamarck, 1818. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at:
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1380:"Fishing for Allergens: Bloodworm-Induced Asthma" study at the Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology (AACI) site
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1614:
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86:
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1105:(1985). "Autoradiographic localization of exogenously supplied amino acids after uptake by the polychaete,
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24:
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373:, in crystalline form. It is theorized that this copper is used as a catalyst for its venomous bite. In
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Bloodworms have a creamy pink color, as their pale skin allows their red body fluids that contain
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running down their bodies. Bloodworms can grow up to 35 cm (14 in) in length.
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1150:"Distribution of Amino Acids to Internal Tissues After Epidermal Uptake in the Annelid
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The first stage in many forms of bloodworm is a zooplanktonic stage followed by the
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worms are sold commercially in tackle shops as bait for saltwater fishing.
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20:
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1323:"Bloodworms have copper jaws that could inspire self-building materials"
1262:
Lichtenegger HC, Schöberl T, Ruokolainen JT, et al. (August 2003).
1075:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Arenicolidae Johnston, 1835"
19:
This article is about the marine annelid. For the midge fly larvae, see
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1051:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Glyceridae Grube, 1850"
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1348:
https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=129296
1264:"Zinc and mechanical prowess in the jaws of Nereis, a marine worm"
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350:, they swim to the surface of the water where both sexes release
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1362:"Abating Bait: Decline in Prized Worms Threatens Way of Life"
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Bloodworms are carnivorous. They feed by extending a large
1641:
Wu, Keith CP; Räsänen, Katja; Hudson, Thomas J. (2005).
396:. It contains the following species as of October 2023:
295:
Although both are visually-similar and commonly-used as
377:, the jaws are a composite of melanin and 10% copper.
1187:"Bloodworm: Uses and applications as a fishing bait"
1143:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1643:"Fishing for Allergens: Bloodworm-Induced Asthma"
1689:
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1320:
299:, bloodworms are biologically-distinct from
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1321:Lesté-Lasserre, Christa (April 25, 2022).
142:
1668:
1658:
1647:Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology
1297:
1287:
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1359:
813:Böggemann, Bienhold & Gaudron, 2012
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1386:
1581:aa29b86c-ef9f-4f16-bcd0-31e1aee0f046
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
13:
288:(bristle worms) commonly known as
14:
1714:
1025:
163:
34:
1634:
1360:WHITTLE, PATRICK (2017-04-27).
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1161:Journal of Experimental Biology
45:needs additional citations for
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1:
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957:Hossain & Hutchings, 2020
629:Charletta & Boyer, 1974 â€
1268:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
7:
909:Böggemann & Fiege, 2001
901:Böggemann & Fiege, 2001
749:Böggemann & Fiege, 2001
677:MagalhĂŁes & Rizzo, 2012
637:Böggemann & Fiege, 2001
621:Böggemann & Fiege, 2001
477:Böggemann & Fiege, 2001
461:Böggemann & Fiege, 2001
10:
1719:
1111:Wasmann Journal of Biology
962:Glycera southeastatlantica
306:
18:
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160:Scientific classification
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1660:10.1186/1710-1492-1-2-58
946:Glycera semibranchiopoda
746:Glycera madagascariensis
626:Glycera glaucopsammensis
1289:10.1073/pnas.1632658100
1233:10.1126/science.1075433
933:Grube in McIntosh, 1885
882:Glycera posterobranchia
661:Hartmann-Schröder, 1962
565:Hartmann-Schröder, 1979
501:Hartmann-Schröder, 1962
554:Glycera dentribranchia
517:Blanchard in Gay, 1849
69:"Glycera" annelid
23:. For other uses, see
16:Genus of annelid worms
1602:Paleobiology Database
1173:10.1242/jeb.136.1.177
1079:www.marinespecies.org
1055:www.marinespecies.org
970:Glycera sphyrabrancha
906:Glycera pseudorobusta
898:Glycera prosobranchia
826:Glycera onomichiensis
738:Glycera macrobranchia
698:Glycera lamelliformis
634:Glycera guatemalensis
1152:Glycera dibranchiata
1107:Glycera dibranchiata
954:Glycera sheikhmujibi
682:Glycera kerguelensis
650:Glycera hasidatensis
570:Glycera dibranchiata
498:Glycera calbucoensis
482:Glycera branchiopoda
375:Glycera dibranchiata
54:improve this article
1280:2003PNAS..100.9144L
1225:2002Sci...298..389L
938:Glycera sagittariae
770:Glycera micrognatha
722:Glycera longipinnis
490:Glycera brevicirris
466:Glycera benguellana
442:Glycera asymmetrica
426:Glycera amboinensis
413:(O.F. MĂĽller, 1776)
1010:Glycera tridactyla
869:Szaniawski, 1974 â€
842:Glycera oxycephala
802:Glycera nicobarica
794:Glycera neorobusta
786:Glycera natalensis
765:(Chamberlin, 1919)
754:Glycera mauritiana
730:Glycera macintoshi
706:Glycera lancadivae
658:Glycera heteropoda
589:(Blainville, 1825)
562:Glycera derbyensis
538:Glycera cinnamomea
453:(Eisenack, 1939) â€
1698:Polychaete genera
1630:
1629:
1589:Open Tree of Life
1389:Taxon identifiers
1018:Glycera unicornis
1002:Glycera tesselata
989:Czerniavsky, 1881
858:Glycera papillosa
717:Quatrefages, 1866
642:Glycera guinensis
618:Glycera gilbertae
610:Glycera fundicola
605:Quatrefages, 1850
549:Marenzeller, 1879
546:Glycera decipiens
458:Glycera bassensis
434:Glycera americana
273:
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1558:NBNSYS0000175478
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1368:. Archived from
1357:
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1333:
1318:
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1301:
1291:
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1219:(5592): 389–92.
1208:
1202:
1201:
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1198:
1189:. Archived from
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1177:
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1158:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1071:
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1062:
1061:
1047:
978:Glycera subaenea
930:Glycera rutilans
893:Chamberlin, 1919
890:Glycera profundi
874:Glycera polygona
850:Glycera pacifica
762:Glycera mexicana
693:Kirkegaard, 1995
613:Chamberlin, 1919
506:Glycera capitata
418:Glycera amadaiba
402:Glycera africana
354:, and then die.
346:. With enlarged
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168:
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62:
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986:Glycera taurica
965:Böggemann, 2009
914:Glycera robusta
866:Glycera pilicae
834:Glycera ovigera
714:Glycera lapidum
666:Glycera incerta
597:Arwidsson, 1899
594:Glycera ehlersi
581:Böggemann, 2009
530:Glycera chirori
522:Glycera celtica
474:Glycera benhami
450:Glycera baltica
405:Arwidsson, 1899
383:
309:
268:Many, see text
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210:Pleistoannelida
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126:
115:
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63:
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51:
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1372:on 2018-04-21.
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1313:
1274:(16): 9144–9.
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1203:
1178:
1167:(1): 177–191.
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1090:
1066:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1013:Schmarda, 1861
1006:
998:
994:Glycera tenuis
990:
982:
974:
973:Schmarda, 1861
966:
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950:
942:
941:McIntosh, 1885
934:
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918:
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885:Hoagland, 1920
878:
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837:Schmarda, 1861
830:
822:
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810:Glycera noelae
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773:Schmarda, 1861
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710:
709:Schmarda, 1861
702:
701:McIntosh, 1885
694:
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685:McIntosh, 1885
678:
674:Glycera juliae
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602:Glycera fallax
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525:O'Connor, 1987
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514:Glycera carnea
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429:McIntosh, 1885
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392:of the family
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284:is a group of
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15:
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1350:on 2023-10-15
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1193:on 2013-03-15
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1026:Use by humans
1021:Lamarck, 1818
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997:Hartman, 1944
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949:Imajima, 2009
948:
947:
943:
940:
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935:
932:
931:
927:
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923:
922:Glycera russa
919:
916:
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868:
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853:Kinberg, 1866
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821:Imajima, 2009
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797:Imajima, 2009
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781:Johnson, 1901
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724:
723:
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690:Glycera knoxi
687:
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645:Augener, 1918
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586:Glycera dubia
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469:Augener, 1931
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65:Find sources:
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43:This article
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31:
26:
22:
1703:Phyllodocida
1653:(2): 58–59.
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1396:
1379:
1370:the original
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1355:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
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1216:
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1206:
1195:. Retrieved
1191:the original
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1139:
1114:
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1082:. Retrieved
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
21:Chironomidae
1514:iNaturalist
1421:Wikispecies
1146:Stephens GC
1144:Qafaiti M,
1005:Grube, 1863
981:Grube, 1878
925:Grube, 1870
877:Risso, 1826
861:Grube, 1857
829:Izuka, 1912
805:Grube, 1866
757:Grube, 1870
741:Moore, 1911
733:Grube, 1877
725:Grube, 1878
653:Izuka, 1912
541:Grube, 1874
533:Izuka, 1912
493:Grube, 1870
485:Moore, 1911
437:Leidy, 1855
381:Systematics
313:haemoglobin
286:polychaetes
137:Bloodworms
1692:Categories
1197:2012-12-03
1084:2024-06-30
1060:2024-06-30
1037:References
394:Glyceridae
390:type genus
290:bloodworms
240:Glyceridae
216:Subclass:
110:April 2018
80:newspapers
25:Blood worm
1366:U.S. News
1332:April 26,
1123:0043-0927
1117:: 60–71.
1109:Ehlers".
789:Day, 1957
557:Lee, 1985
445:Day, 1973
371:atacamite
348:parapodia
333:crustacea
324:proboscis
317:parapodia
183:Kingdom:
177:Eukaryota
1679:20529225
1412:Q1947598
1406:Wikidata
1308:12886017
1249:14001250
1241:12376695
1148:(1988).
1099:Chien PK
301:lugworms
262:Species
236:Family:
220:Errantia
197:Annelida
193:Phylum:
187:Animalia
173:Domain:
1670:2877067
1532:1283550
1506:5195425
1454:Glycera
1441:Glycera
1427:Glycera
1397:Glycera
1276:Bibcode
1221:Bibcode
1213:Science
1131:6322423
1103:Rice MA
1031:Glycera
388:is the
386:Glycera
359:benthic
352:gametes
344:epitoke
307:Anatomy
281:Glycera
251:Glycera
246:Genus:
226:Order:
152:Glycera
94:scholar
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335:, and
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1615:WoRMS
1545:66102
1527:IRMNG
1519:67313
1493:49768
1480:84NSW
1467:29423
1245:S2CID
1157:(PDF)
337:gulls
277:genus
204:Clade
101:JSTOR
87:books
1675:PMID
1607:7109
1571:6349
1566:NCBI
1540:ITIS
1501:GBIF
1462:BOLD
1334:2022
1304:PMID
1237:PMID
1127:OCLC
1119:ISSN
329:fish
275:The
154:sp.
73:news
1665:PMC
1655:doi
1553:NBN
1488:EoL
1475:CoL
1449:AFD
1436:ADW
1294:PMC
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