Glossary of video terms

1738:

Adjacent lines in the picture are in alternate fields. b) Half of the horizontal lines (262.5 in NTSC and 312.5 in PAL) needed to create a complete picture. c) One complete vertical scan of an image. In a progressive scanning system, all of the scanning lines comprising a frame also comprise a field. d) An area in a window in which you can type text. e) A television picture is produced by scanning the TV screen with an electron beam. One complete scan of the screen is called a field. Two fields are required to make a complete picture, which is called a frame. The duration of a field is approximately 1/60 of a second in NTSC and 1/50 or 1/60 of a second in PAL. f) One half of a complete interlaced video picture (frame), containing all the odd or even scanning lines of the picture.

222:

to be a blurring effect. Defects in the picture typically caused by insufficient sampling (violation of the Nyquist sampling rate) in the analog to digital conversion process or poor filtering of digital video. Defects are typically seen as jaggies on diagonal lines and twinkling or brightening in picture detail. Examples are: Temporal Aliasing — such as rotating wagon wheel spokes appearing to rotate in the reverse direction. Raster Scan Aliasing — such as sparkling or pulsing effects in sharp horizontal lines. Stair-Stepping — stepped or jagged edges in diagonal lines or the diagonal parts of a letter.

568:

example, is transferred, recorded, and reproduced through the production process at some bit rate appropriate to the nature and capabilities of the origination, the channel, and the receptor. c) The amount of data transported in a given amount of time, usually defined in Mbit/s. Bit rate is one means used to define the amount of compression used on a video signal. The uncompressed D1 format has a bit rate of 270 Mbit/s. MPEG-1 has a bit rate of 1.2 Mbit/s.

5644: 1294:

and signal losses associated with electronic circuitry employed in the recording process. These losses occur because fine details appear in the highest frequency region of a video signal and this portion is usually the first casualty of signal degradation. Each additional generation of a videotape results in fewer and fewer fine details as losses are accumulated.

2234:

broadcasters to choose which to use. This means new TV sets will have to support all of them. All of the systems will be broadcast as component digital. c) By HDTV, we normally understand transmission, rendering and display systems that feature about double the number of scanning lines, improved color quality, and less artifacts than that of composite systems.

1348:. It is then processed for signal separation, bandwidth settings and signal adjustments. After processing, the video signal either remains in the digital domain for recording by a DVR or is converted back into an analog signal for recording or transmission. DSP is also used in other parts of the video chain, including DVRs, and switching and routing devices. 1048:

so that more data can be stored in a smaller space. There are a variety of compression schemes that can be applied to data of which MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 are called lossy since the data produced by compression is not totally recoverable. There are other compression schemes that are totally recoverable, but the degree of compression is much more limited.

1821:

starting from one time instant and continuing through successive lines to the bottom of the frame. b) A complete picture composed of two fields. In the NTSC system, 525 interlaced horizontal lines of picture information in 29.97 frames per second. In the PAL system, 625 interlaced horizontal lines of picture information in 25 frames per second.

4877:

derive generalized aspects from the analyst's intended use of the video (Use Characteristics — usage timeframe, discrimination level) and what is in the scene under observation (Scene Content — target size, motion, lighting level). See also, the Generalized Use Class Aspects topic for more information.

5092:

The ability of the public safety agency to use the required video to perform the purpose intended. For example, if the purpose of the video is to capture license plates on vehicles in a range of outdoor conditions, video quality is measured in the ability of the video outputs to provide that specific

2264:

Corresponds to colors such as red, blue, etc. A color wheel contains basic pigments. All the hues of the rainbow encircle the cone's perimeter. The wavelength of the color that allows color to be distinguished such as red, blue and green. Often used synonymously with the term tint. It is the dominant

915:

The first standard for CCTV lens screw mounting. This mounting is defined by a 1-inch (2.54 cm) diameter hole with 32 TPI (turns/threads per inch), female on the camera side, male on the lens side, and a back flange-to-CCD distance of 17.526 mm (0.69 inches). The C-mount description applies

221:

Something other than what it appears to be. Stairsteps on what should be a smooth diagonal line are an example of spatial alias. Wagon wheels appearing to move backwards are an example of temporal alias. Aliases are cause by sampling and can be reduced or eliminated by pre-filtering, which can appear

4150:

A camera raw image file contains minimally processed data from the image sensor of either a digital camera, image or motion picture film scanner. Raw files are so named because they are not yet processed and therefore are not ready to be printed or edited with a bitmap graphics editor. Normally, the

1860:

The range of frequencies that a piece of equipment can process and is directly related to the system's ability to uniformly transfer signal components of different frequencies over the entire video spectrum without affecting their amplitudes. This parameter is also known as gain/frequency distortion

1114:

A standard for CCTV lens screw mounting. This mounting is defined by a 1-inch (2.54 mm) diameter hole with 32 TPI (turns/threads per inch), female on the camera side, male on the lens side, and a back flange-to-CCD distance of 12.5 mm (0.49 inches). The CS-mount description applies to both

567:

a) The rate at which the compressed bit stream is delivered from the storage medium to the input of a decoder. The digital equivalent of analog bandwidth. b) The speed at which bits are transmitted, usually expressed in bit/s (sometimes abbreviated "bps"). video information, in a digitized image for

5031:

A compression scheme in which each unit of input material can be compressed to different sizes. For MPEG-2 video, for example, this means that “easier” sequences (that is, with no motion) can compress to very small sizes, whereas “hard” sequences (with lots of motion and scene cuts) can compress to

4876:

A use class shares certain important aspects of specific use cases that are common to other use cases, allowing you to make video quality requirements generalizations between them. For example, all use cases have an analyst and a scene under observation. To identify a use class, the next step is to

4200:

The details that can be distinguished on the television screen. Vertical resolution refers to the number of horizontal black and white lines that can be resolved in the picture height. Horizontal resolution refers to the black and white lines resolved in a dimension equal to the vertical height and

3405:

A group of standards for encoding and compressing audiovisual information such as movies, video, and music. MPEG compression is as high as 200:1 for low-motion video of VHS quality, and broadcast quality can be achieved at 6 Mbit/s. Audio is supported at rates from 32 kbit/s to 384 kbit/s for up to

2482:

The total of the resistance, measured in ohms, that a circuit presents to the flow of alternating current at a given frequency (Columbia University). The characteristics of a system component that determines the type of transmission cable to be used. The cable used must have the same characteristic

1809:

A unit of luminance equal to 1 / ? candela per square foot or to the uniform luminance at a perfectly diffusing surface emitting or reflecting light at the rate of one lumen per square foot. A lumen per square foot is a unit of incident light and a footlambert is a unit of emitted or reflected

1047:

a) The process of electronically processing a digital video picture to make it use less storage or to allow more video to be sent down a transmission channel. b) The process of removing picture data to decrease the size of a video image. c) The reduction in the volume of data from any given process

883:

An electronic limit usually imposed in cameras to avoid overly bright or dark signals. When improperly applied can result in loss of picture information in very bright or very dark areas; Also used in switchers to set the cutoff point for mixing video signals. The electronic process of shearing off

762:

A unit for measuring luminous intensity. One candela is approximately equal to the amount of light energy generated by an ordinary candle. Since 1948 a more precise definition of a candela has become: “the luminous intensity of a black body of 1 square centimeter heated up to a temperature at which

2037:

A numerical value, or the degree of contrast in a video picture, which is the exponent of that power law which is used to approximate the curve of output magnitude versus input magnitude over the region of interest. Since picture monitors have a nonlinear relationship between the input voltage and

1820:

The total area, occupied by the television picture, which is scanned while the picture signal is not blanked. a) A frame consists of all the information required for a complete picture. For interlaced scan systems, there are two fields in a frame. For progressive video, these lines contain samples

1376:

a) Qualitatively: Capacity for seeing distinctly fine details that have a very small angular separation. b) Quantitatively: Any of a number of measures of spatial visual resolution such as the reciprocal of the value of the angular separation in minutes of arc of two neighboring objects (points or

1293:

The aggregate of fine details available on-screen. The higher the definition of an image, the greater the number of details . During video recording and subsequent playback, several factors can conspire to cause a loss of definition. Among these are the limited frequency response of magnetic tapes

938:

a) The algorithm used to capture analog video or audio in digital form. b) Used to implement the physical combination of the coding and decoding circuits. c) A device for converting signals from analog to coded digital and then back again for use in digital transmission schemes. Most codecs employ

247:

The science of analysis. Arriving at an optimal or realistic decision based on existing data. In the video industry it is often used for analyzing video to detect and determine temporal events not based on single image. It has a wide range of application in safety and security to examine video for

4867:

In software and systems engineering, a use case is a description of a system's behavior in response to external stimuli. This technique is used to develop functional requirements by specifying the system's behavior through scenarios. This concept can be expanded to apply to video systems that are

5042:

VESA's mission is to promote and develop timely, relevant, open display and display interface standards, ensuring interoperability, and encouraging innovation and market growth. Its vision is to be one of the leading, worldwide standards organizations and internationally recognized voices in the

3343:

The process, or results of the process, whereby some characteristic of one signal is varied in accordance with another signal. The modulated signal is called the carrier. The carrier may be modulated in three fundamental ways: by varying the amplitude, called amplitude modulation; by varying the

1831:

a) The rate at which frames of video data are scanned on the screen. In an NTSC system, the frame rate is 29.97 frames per second. For PAL, the frame rate is 25 frames per second. b) The number of frames per second at which a video clip is displayed. c) The rate at which frames are output from a

276:

A defect or distortion of the video image, introduced along the sequence from origination and image capture to final display. Artifacts may arise from the overload of channel capacity by excess signal bandwidth. Artifacts may also result from: sampling effects in temporal, spatial, or frequency

3072:

The method of feeding a series of high impedance circuits (such as multiple monitor/displays in parallel) from a pulse or video source with a coax transmission line in such a manner that the line is bridged (with minimum length stubs) and that the last unit properly terminates the line in its

1737:

The extent to which an electronic device such as a stereo system or television accurately reproduces sound or images. a) In interlaced scan systems, the information for one picture is divided up into two fields. Each field contains one-half of the lines required to produce the entire picture.

2521:

A technology of CCD design, where rows of pixels are output from the camera. The sensor's active pixel area and storage register are both contained within the active image area. This differs from frame transfer cameras that move all active pixels to a storage register outside of the active

2233:

a) General term for standards pertaining to consumer high-resolution TV. b) A TV format capable of displaying on a wider screen (16:9) as opposed to the conventional 4:3) and at higher resolution. Rather than a single HDTV standard the FCC has approved several different standards, allowing

1280:

Device used to recover the component signals from a composite (encoded) source. Decoders are used in displays and in various processing hardware where components signals are required from a composite source such as composite chroma keying or color correction equipment. Device that changes

1304:

The in-focus range of a lens or optical system around an item of interest. It is measured from the distance behind an object of interest, to the distance in front of the object of interest, when the viewing lens is specifically focused on the object of interest. Depth of field depends on

791:

a) A semiconductor device that converts optical images to electronic signals. CCDs are the most commonly found type of image sensor in consumer camcorders and video cameras. b) Serial storage technology that uses MOS capacitors. c) A solid-state image sensor that converts light energy to

4151:

image is processed by a raw converter in a wide-gamut internal colorspace where precise adjustments can be made before conversion to a positive file format such as TIFF or JPEG for storage, printing, or further manipulation, which often encodes the image in a device-dependent colorspace.

232:

Any form of signal that carries information in the form of variable physical values, such as amplitude or frequency modulation. A signal which moves through a continuous range of settings or levels. An adjective describing any signal that varies continuously as opposed to a

4711:

To convert from one compression format to another (that is, from DV video from a camcorder to MPEG-2 for DVD). Preferably done intelligently to minimize loss of quality from repeated compression, and not requiring fully decompressing the input and then recompressing to the

4481:

A low-bit-rate encoding format intended for use over networks and the Internet. Streaming files match the encoded bit rate to the connection speed of the user, so the remote viewer can play audio or video with minimal stoppage without first downloading the entire video

1768:

The distance from the focal point to the principal point of the lens. The focal length is usually measured in millimeters of the lens. Focal length is an indication of the lens capability to capture a wide angle of view or a narrow view of objects that are far away

2265:

wavelength that distinguishes a color such as red, yellow, etc. Most commonly, video hue is influenced by a camera's white balance or scene lighting. Video color processors, such as the video equalizer, are the main tools used to adjust and correct hue problems.

926:

A particular type of cable capable of passing a wide range of frequencies with very low signal loss. Such a cable in its simplest form consists of a hollow metallic shield with a single wire accurately placed along the center of the shield and isolated from the

2532:

A technique of combining two television fields in order to produce a full frame. The two fields are composed of only odd and only even lines, which are displayed one after the other but with the physical position of all the lines interleaving each other, hence

3007:

The ability of a lens to transmit light, represented as the ratio of the focal length to the diameter of the lens. The largest lens opening (smallest f-number) at which the lens can be set. A fast lens transmits more light and has a larger opening than a slow

3116:

A unit of incident light. It is the illumination on a surface one square foot in area on which a flux of one lumen is uniformly distributed, or the illumination at a surface all points of which are at a distance of one foot from a uniform source of one

26:. It contains terminology and explanations of concepts relevant to the video industry. The purpose of the glossary is to inform the reader of commonly used vocabulary terms in the video domain. This glossary was compiled from various industry sources. 5246:

A signal transmitted in color television containing brightness information. This signal produces a black-and-white picture on a standard monochrome receiver. In a color picture it supplies fine detail and brightness information (see also luminance

3081:

The ratio of the power at one point in a transmission system to the power at a point farther along the line; usually expressed in decibels. The actual power that is lost in transmitting signal from one point to another through a medium or along a

4518:

To keep two sequences playing at the same rate (in sync). A slide show or a series of video clips can be synced to the beat on an audio track. A talking-head video needs to maintain lip-sync, so that the audio matches the mouth movements of the

3964:

Short for Picture Element. The most basic unit of an image displayed on a computer or video display screen. Pixels are generally arranged in rows and columns; a given combination among the pixels of various brightness and color values forms an

3374:

In monochrome television, a signal wave for controlling the brightness values in the picture. In color television, that part of the signal wave which has major control of the brightness values of the picture, whether displayed in color or in

1333:

a) An electronic signal where every different value from the real-life excitation (sound, light) has a different value of binary combinations (words) that represent the analog signal. b) An analog signal that has been converted to a digital

3876:

One unit of binary data capable of being routed through a computer network. To improve communication performance and reliability, each message sent between two network devices is often subdivided into packets by the underlying hardware and

2996:

Follower Pots are installed on lens that allows feedback to the controller information relevant to zoom and focus positioning allowing the controller to quickly adjust to a preselected scene and arrive in focus at the proper focal length

3579:

The word noise originated in audio practice and refers to random spurts of electrical energy or interference. In some cases, it will produce a “salt-and-pepper” pattern over the televised picture. Heavy noise is sometimes referred to as

520:

The range of signal frequencies that a piece of audio or video equipment can encode or decode; the difference between the limiting frequencies of a continuous frequency band. Video uses higher frequency than audio, thus requires a wider

4222:

Also called image burn. A change produced in or on the target which remains for a large number of frames after the removal of a previously stationary light image and which yields a spurious electrical signal corresponding to that light

959:

That portion of the composite color signal, comprising a few cycles of a sine wave of chrominance subcarrier frequency, which is used to establish a reference for demodulating the chrominance signal; Normally approximately 9 cycles of

277:

domains; processing by the transfer functions; compromises and inadequacies in the system employed; cascading of minor defects; basically any other departure of the total system from “complete transparency” resulting in visual errors.

4692:

A chart especially prepared for checking overall performance of a television system. It contains various combinations of lines and geometric shapes. The camera is focused on the chart, and the pattern is viewed at the monitor for

4396:

In color, the degree to which a color is diluted with white light or is pure. The vividness of a color, described by such terms as bright, deep, pastel, or pale. Saturation is directly related to the amplitude of the chrominance

4159:

Of or relating to systems that update information at the same rate as they receive data, enabling them to direct or control a process such as video recording and display. Sometimes referred to as live or real-life timing of

884:

the peaks of either the white or black excursions of a video signal for limiting purposes. Sometimes, clipping is performed prior to modulation, and sometimes to limit the signal, so it will not exceed a predetermined level.

3903:

Follower pots are installed on pan/tilt unit to allow feedback to the controller and provides information relevant to horizontal and vertical positioning, allowing the controller to quickly adjust to a pre-selected scene

4885:

A generalized use class aspect that specifies the timeframe in which a video be used. As in, will the video be used in real-time or will it be recorded? See also, the Usage Timeframe topic for video quality requirements

5032:

much larger sizes. VBR compression can take better advantage of the overall available bandwidth of a video transmission or DVD player by allocating the available bits intelligently to the difficult parts of a sequence.

4189:

The amount of resolvable detail in the horizontal direction in a picture. It is usually expressed as the number of distinct vertical lines, alternately black and white, which can be seen in a distance equal to picture

4168:

a) The determination by any means of the individuality of persons, or of objects such as aircraft or cars. b) The determination that an object is similar within a category of something already known; e.g., car, truck,

2275:

Color space system based on the values of Hue, Saturation, and Intensity. Intensity, analogous to luma, is the vertical axis of the polar system. The hue is the angle and the saturation is the distance out from the

1260:

An acronym for Digital Audio Tape. Developed by Sony in 1987, it looks similar to an analogue audio cassette but contains professional quality digital information. It is capable of high fidelity music reproduction.

536:

Special test pattern for adjusting color TV receivers or color encoders. The upper portion consists of vertical bars of saturated colors and white. The power horizontal bars have black and white areas and I and Q

3127:

Luminous intensity of any surface in a given direction per unit of projected area of the surface viewed from that direction. The amount of brightness, measured in lumens that is given off by a pixel or area on a

828:

An optical defect of a lens that causes different colors or wavelengths of light to be focused at different distances from the lens. It is seen as color fringes or halos along edges and around every point in the

992:

The degree to which a color is free of white or any other color. In reference to the operation of a tri-color picture tube it refers to the production of pure red, green or blue illumination of the phosphor dot

578:

This effect is sometimes called whiter-than-white. Blooming occurs when the white voltage level is exceeded and screen objects become fuzzy and large. The defocusing of regions of a picture where brightness is

597:

The attribute of visual perception in accordance with which an area appear to emit more of less light. (Luminance is the recommended name for the photo-electric quantity which has also been called brightness.)

4701:

The process by which images are recorded at less than the standard rate of frames per second (NTSC — 29.97; PAL — 25.00) thus extending the period of time that can be covered by the storage medium.

4211:

The amount of resolvable detail in the vertical direction in a picture. It is usually expressed as the number of distinct horizontal lines, alternately black and white, which can theoretically be seen in a

818:

Detects the absence of chrominance information in a color encoder input. The chroma detector automatically deletes the color burst from the color encoder output when the absence of chrominance is detected.

1881:

The speed or ability of a lens to pass light. It is calculated by dividing the focal length of the lens by its diameter. The f-stop also is a factor in more areas of focus in the image known as Depth of

1377:

lines or other specified stimuli) which the observer can just perceive to be separate. A generalized use class aspect that specifies what discrimination level you need to recognize a target of interest.

2698:

Small, rapid variations in a waveform due to mechanical disturbances or to changes in the characteristic of components. Supply voltages, imperfect synchronizing signals, circuits, frequency pulses, etc.

2223:

Also known as MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video Coding) it is now one of the most commonly used recording formats for high definition video. It offers significantly greater compression than previous formats.

1391:

a) The ultimate image presented to a viewer; the process of presenting that image. b) CRT, LCD, LED or other photoluminescent panel upon which numbers, characters, graphics or other data is presented.

315:

A system for detecting errors in color balance in white and black areas of the picture and automatically adjusting the white and black levels of both the red and blue signals as needed for correction.

3333:

The term pixel comes from the phrase picture element. One megapixel is equal to 1,000,000 (one million) pixels. For the most part, the larger number of pixels, the better the quality of the picture.

865:

A device which functions during the horizontal blanking or synchronizing interval to fix the level of the picture signal at some predetermined reference level at the beginning of each scanning line.

1411:

A device that provides several isolated outputs from one looping or bridging input, and has a sufficiently high input impedance and input-to-output isolation to prevent loading of the input source.

5648: 4868:

used to perform specific tasks. A use case is a combination of the scene being observed and the task being performed by a viewer (or analyst). See also, the Use Cases topic for more information.

4672:

A generalized use class aspect that specifies the size of the object of interest with respect to the field of view. See also, the Target Size topic for video quality requirements considerations.

3303:

Abbreviation of megabits per second. One megabit is equal to one million bits or 1,000 kilobits. It is used to measure high data transfer speeds of connections such as Ethernet and cable modems.

1431:

An acronym for "Digital Versatile Disk". It is the same size as a compact disc (CD). A single-layer DVD has a storage capacity of 4.7 GB and a dual-layer disc has a capacity of 8.5 GB.

2471:

The plane in which an image produced by an optical system is formed; if the object plane is perpendicular to the optical axis, the image plane will ordinarily also be perpendicular to the axis.

3036:

A generalized use class aspect that specifies the level of lighting do you anticipate in a scene of interest. See also, the Lighting Level topic for video quality requirements considerations.

211:

A circuit for automatically controlling amplifier gain in order to maintain a constant output voltage with a varying input voltage within a predetermined range of input-to-output variation.

2553:

An amplifier with input circuitry and output circuitry designed to eliminate the effects of changes made at either upon the other. They provide electrical isolation and a safety barrier.

1729:

The technology of transferring information, e.g., in communications or computer technology, through thin flexible glass or plastic tubes of optical fibers using modulated light waves.

3108:

A unit of measurement of the amount of brightness that comes from a light source. Lumens define “luminous flux,” which is energy within the range of frequencies we perceive as light.

4413:

In television, a factor expressing the incident illumination upon a specified scene required to produce a specified picture signal at the output terminals of a television camera.

3934:

The amplitude (voltage) difference between the most positive and the most negative excursions (peaks) of an electrical signal. A full video signal measures one volt peak to peak.

3395:

A generalized use class aspect that specifies the level of motion you anticipate in a scene of interest. See also, the Motion topic for video quality requirements considerations.

617:

Also called burn. An image which persists in a fixed position in the output signal of a camera tube after the camera has been turned to a different scene or, on a monitor screen.

3414:

A security system that requires more than one method of authentication from independent categories of credentials to verify the user's identity for a login or other transaction.

1584:

An electronic circuit that introduces compensation for frequency discriminative effects of elements within the television system, particularly long coaxial transmission systems.

4443:

A global organization, based in the United States, which, among other things, sets standards for baseband visual communications. This includes film as well as video standards.

1842:

A CCD imager where an entire matrix of pixels is read into storage before being output from the camera. This differs from interline transfer where lines of pixels are output.

3044:

An amplifier for audio or video signals that in installed in the transmission line to boost the signal as it travels over certain distances; also called program amplifier.

2244:

The standard unit for measuring frequency. One hertz (abbreviated Hz) equals one cycle per second. It is commonly used to measure sound waves, light waves and radio waves.

1758:

A rapid variation in the pitch or of a recorded audio signal usually on a turntable or tape recording, caused by variations in the speed of the turntable or tape drive.

510:

That portion of the composite picture signal which lies between the trailing edge of the horizontal sync pulse and the trailing edge of the corresponding blanking pulse.

3090:

An undesired change in a waveform or signals which occur at low frequencies. In television, generally considered as any frequency below the 15.75-kHz line frequency.

1871:

The portion of a composite picture signal that lies between the leading edge of the horizontal blanking pulse and the leading edge of the corresponding sync pulse.

1115:

lenses and cameras. CS-mount lens cannot be put on C-mount cameras. C-mount lenses can be put on CS-mount cameras but a 5 mm (1.9 inches) adaptor is required.

916:

to both lenses and cameras. C-mount lenses can be put on both, C-mount and CS-mount cameras; only in the latter case a 5 mm (.19 inches) adaptor is required.

3313:

A measure of computer memory or storage. It is one million bytes (in the context of computer memory, sometimes used to mean 1,048,576 (2 to the power 20) bytes).

4179:

The act, process, or capability of distinguishing between two separate but adjacent parts or stimuli, such as elements of detail in an image, or similar colors.

2511:

Disturbance to the normal or expected operation electronic devices, equipment and systems. The inhibition or prevention of clear reception of broadcast signals.

2461:

A device that intensifies low light-level images to light levels that can be seen with the human eye or can be detected by a video camera. (Lambert Instruments)

1270:

A measure of the power ratio of two signals. In system use, a measure of the voltage ratio of two signals, provided they are measured across a common impedance.

4722:

Signals which exist for a brief period of time prior to the attainment of a steady-state condition. These may include overshoots, damped sinusoidal waves, etc.

2988:

One or more pieces of curved optical glass or similar material designed to form an image of an object by converging or diverging rays of light from the object.

5569: 3569:

A filter that attenuates light evenly over the visible light spectrum. It reduces the light entering a lens, thus forcing the iris to open to its maximum.

839:

The color quality of light that is defined by the wavelength (hue) and saturation. Chromaticity defines all the qualities of color except its brightness.

3018:

A method of displaying widescreen video on a screen with a different aspect ratio by leaving a space, usually black bars, above and below the image.

5101:

The picture signal. A signal containing visual information and horizontal and vertical blanking but not sync. (See also, Composite Video Signal.)

4233:

Frequency at which coherent electromagnetic radiation of energy is useful for communication purposes. Also, the entire range of such frequencies.

3985:

Three colors wherein no mixture of any two can produce the third. In color television these are the additive primary colors red, blue and green.

3028:

Electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength in the range from about 400 to 750 nm and may be perceived by the normal unaided human eye.

2451:

a) A bit stream duplicate of the original data. b) An imitation or representation of a person or thing, drawn, painted, photographed, axis etc.

1810:

light. For a perfectly reflecting and perfectly diffusing surface, the number of lumens per square foot is equal to the number of footlamberts.

297:

An acronym for "Advanced Televisions System Committee", the organization that defines the standard for high-definition TV in the United States.

4463:

A transient of short duration, comprising part of a pulse, during which the amplitude considerably exceeds the average amplitude of the pulse.

365:

The process by which the illumination incident upon the face of a pickup device is automatically adjusted as a function of scene brightness.

3948: 5075: 1076:

The crossover of the three electron beams of a three-gun tri-color picture tube. This normally occurs at the plane of the aperture mask.

266:

Compensation for the loss in sharpness of detail because of the finite dimensions of the image elements or the dot-pitch of the monitor.

258:

The effective diameter of the lens that controls the amount of light reaching the photoconductive or photo emitting image pickup sensor.

3293:

A combination or array of electromechanical or electronic switches which route a number of signal sources to one or more destinations.

323:

The range of light, e.g., sunlight to moonlight, over which a TV camera is capable of automatically operating at specified output.

287:

The ratio of width to height for the frame of the televised picture. 4:3 for standard systems, 5:4 for 1K x 1K, and 16:9 for HDTV.

1752: 1378: 3385:

The transmission of a signal wave which represents the brightness values in the picture, but not the color (chrominance) values.

4423:

Ability to control the integration (of light) time to the sensor to less than 1/60 second; e.g., stop motion of moving traffic.

3914:

A panel where circuits are terminated and facilities provided for interconnecting between circuits by means of jacks and plugs.

5492: 5550: 5390:

To enlarge or reduce, on a continuously variable basis, the size of a televised image primarily by varying lens focal length.

3895:

A device upon which a camera can be mounted that allows movement in both the azimuth (pan) and in the vertical plane (tilt).

5532: 5053:

The electronic representation of a sequence of images, depicting either stationary or moving scenes. It may include audio.

3354:

A device that accepts video signals from a computer or video camera and displays information on a screen; a video display.

1574:

The signal used for the synchronizing of scanning specified in EIA Standards RS-170, RS-330, RS-343, or subsequent issues.

3559:

A committee that worked with the FCC in formulating standards for the present day United States color television system.

3368: 5668: 5628: 1345: 1327: 1282: 234: 198: 4405:

The process of moving the electron beam of a pickup tube or a picture tube across the target or screen area of a tube.

5594: 2038:

brightness, the signal must be correspondingly pre distorted. Gamma correction is always done at the source (camera).

1084:

Equipment in the video system that can change the video signal, thereby affecting the quality of the delivered video.

331:

In display devices, the self-acting mechanism which controls brightness of the device as a function of ambient light.

4494: 5418: 5081:

A device used to divide single video signals, while boosting their strength for delivery to multiple video devices.

2296:

Nearly identical to HSI and HSL except Intensity and Lightness are called Value. All three serve the same function.

2843:

Symbol for kilohertz. It is a unit of frequency. One kilohertz is equal to 1,000 hertz or 1,000 cycles per second.

984:

Spurious colors introduced into the picture by the change in position of the televised object from field to field.

2505: 1865: 1285:

to analog, or reconstructs information (data) by performing the inverse (reverse) functions of an encode process.

504: 1850:

The method by which color and black-and-white sideband signals are interwoven within the same channel bandwidth.

1836: 5411: 3924:

The maximum absolute peak value of a pulse, excluding those portions considered to be unwanted, such as spikes.

2031: 2254:

An electronic filter that attenuates audio frequencies below a certain level and allows them above that level.

1773: 1058:

The range of light to dark values in a picture or the ratio between the maximum and minimum brightness values.

968:

Extraneous colors appearing at the edges of colored objects, and differing from the true colors in the object.

5700: 2483:

impedance as the component. Video distribution has standardized on 75-ohm coaxial and 124-ohm balanced cable.

1578: 514: 5057: 3098:

A filter that attenuates frequencies above a specified frequency and allows those below that value to pass.

1323:

A fundamental component in every digital camera. The imager records the view received from the camera lens.

1019:

The transmission of a signal which represents both the brightness values and the color values in a picture.

877: 2515: 557:

The number of levels that a pixel might have, such as 256 with an 8-bit depth or 1024 with a 10-bit depth.

339:

An arrangement whereby the frequency of an oscillator is automatically maintained within specified limits.

19: 4471:

1000 µV at 75 ohms (0 dB µV) in RF systems; 0.7-VPP non-composite, 1-VPP composite in video systems.

3348: 2543:

An adjustable aperture built into a camera lens to permit control of light transmission through the lens.

2290: 2280: 2269: 191: 4251:

A loss of vertical synchronization which causes the picture to move up or down on a receiver or monitor.

3138:

That portion of the NTSC color television signal which contains the luminance or brightness information.

873:

The process that established a fixed level for the picture level at the beginning of each scanning line.

547:

Short for "Binary Digit". The smallest piece of binary digital data and is represented by either 0 or 1.

5678: 5400:

An optical system of continuously variable focal length, the focal plane remaining in a fixed position.

1344:

When applied to video cameras, DSP means that the analog signal from the CCD sensors is converted to a

3379: 3148:

SI unit of illumination, equal to one lumen per square meter. Lux is a measurement in light intensity.

1861:

or amplitude versus frequency response. The amplitude variation maybe expressed in dB, percent or IRE.

587:

Sudden variations in picture presentation (brightness, size, etc.,) independent of scene illumination.

4390: 1723: 1338: 888: 775: 5652: 1421:

The difference between the maximum acceptable signal level and the minimum acceptable signal level.

802:

The quality of color that embraces both hue and saturation. White, black, and grays have no chroma.

3975:

Also called RCA connector, it is a widely used cable connector for home audio and video equipment.

1037:

The combined picture signal, including vertical and horizontal blanking and synchronizing signals.

847:

A color term defining the hue and saturation of a color. Chrominance does not refer to brightness.

4716: 3073:

characteristic impedance. This minimizes discontinuities or reflections on the transmission line.

3323:

A unit of frequency equal to one million hertz or cycles per second. Usually abbreviated to MHz.

949:

A visual perception that humans correspond to the categories called red, green, blue and others.

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The range of sensor-to-lens distance for which the image formed by the lens is clearly focused.

1031: 894:

Video primarily used for surveillance and security that is not broadcast to the general public.

851: 343: 205: 4243:

Amplitude variations in the output voltage of a power supply caused by insufficient filtering.

3887:

Short for Phase Alternate Line. The TV broadcasting system used in Europe and other countries.

997: 607:

In TV system use, a device having a bandpass greater than the band of a single VHF TV channel.

23: 4682:

A picture condition in which groups of horizontal lines are displaced in an irregular manner.

4427: 4417: 2062: 1401:

The deviation of the received signal waveform from that of the original transmitted waveform.

1011:

A signal used to establish and to maintain the same color relationships that are transmitted.

810:

A color TV receiver control that regulates the saturation (vividness) of colors in a picture.

785: 3928: 2286:

Nearly identical to HSI except Intensity is called Lightness. Both serve the same function .

A device used to lock the frequency of an internal sync generator to an external source.

572: 4173: 2537: 2021: 1854: 1352: 1254: 3344:

frequency, called frequency modulation; by varying the phase, called phase modulation.

1814: 5624: 5590: 5546: 5025: 2455: 1779:

A plane (through the focal point) at right angles to the principal point of the lens.

1052: 3918: 976:

A device which produces an NTSC color signal from separate R, G, and B video inputs.

5496: 4205: 4194: 4183: 4144: 3999: 3989: 3389: 2248: 2042: 525: 270: 5623:

Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 28 September 2007

5672: 4512: 4475: 4227: 3938: 1358:

The transmission of a broadcast audio/video signal that consists of digital data.

1104:

An undesired signal from a different channel interfering with the desired signal.

5695: 4676: 4216: 3870: 3327: 2495: 1783: 1385: 1370: 1309: 1298: 1088: 1062: 611: 2078:

Variations in value from white, through shades of gray, to black on a display.

601: 5689: 5085: 4523: 4457: 4447: 4435: 3979: 3573: 3287: 2982: 1742: 1415: 1274: 920: 857:

That portion of the NTSC color TV signal that contains the color information.

226: 5665: 2048:

To provide for a linear transfer characteristic from input to output device.

1108: 5240: 4686: 3132: 3102: 2501:

The signal strength loss when a piece of equipment is inserted into a line.

1803: 1789:

The point at which a lens or mirror will focus parallel incident radiation.

1762: 833: 5589:

McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 9th Edition 4/16/2002

4005:

Display scan pattern where each line of the frame is scanned sequentially.

2306:

Electrical disturbance at the power supply frequency or harmonics thereof.

357:

A lens that automatically adjusts the amount of light reaching the imager.

3995:

Any image that has undergone enhancement, restoration or other operation.

3908: 2465: 1721: 953: 905:

A technology used to make computer chips and some digital camera sensors.

796: 551: 301: 5612: 4433:

The ratio between useful television signal and disturbing noise or snow.

3954:

A quick succession of edits from one angle to another of the same scene.

5071:

The frequency band width utilized to transmit a composite video signal.

3969: 3358: 3337: 3001: 2072: 1825: 1793: 1395: 1362: 591: 29: 5545:(2004), Anne Soukhanov, editor. Bloomsbury Publishing, PLC, 2208 p., 5394: 4705: 3317: 3121: 2300: 1098: 241: 237:

that contains discrete levels representing the binary digits 0 and 1.

5543:"Encarta Webster's Dictionary of the English Language Second Edition 4861: 3307: 756: 561: 252: 215: 3055:

repeating section of audio or video material, or of cartoon cells.

1068:

The ratio between the whitest and blackest portions of a TV image.

2052: 1305:

subject-to-camera distance, focal length of the lens, and f-stop.

1264: 909: 896: 5034: 20:"Defining Video Quality Requirements: A Guide for Public Safety" 5251: 5105: 4890: 4726: 4533: 4255: 4009: 3735: 3731:

The signal level at the output of an amplifier or other device.

3592: 3551: 3418: 3152: 2847: 2702: 2692: 2557: 2310: 2082: 1886: 1875: 1588: 1435: 1119: 621: 369: 5533:

Defining Video Quality Requirements: A Guide for Public Safety

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SWGDE and SWGIT Digital and Multimedia Evidence Glossary v2.3

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Discrimination Level (also known as Level of Discrimination)

5036: 3553: 3399: 3297: 2227: 898: 291: 4438:

SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)

1748:

The maximum angle of view that can be seen through a lens.

18:

This glossary defines terms that are used in the document

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An increase in voltage or power, usually expressed in dB.

1425: 541: 5093:

information across a range of environmental conditions.

2278: 2267: 1368:

Converting analog audio and/or video into digital form.

5063:

A wideband amplifier used for passing picture signals.

3588:

A video signal containing all information except sync.

1724:

Fiber Optics (use of light transmitted through fibers)

189: 3561: 3397: 3119: 4529:

Maintaining two or more scanning processes in phase.

3408: 3058:

a synonym for "post-sync": dialog replacement (i.e.

2225: 763:

platinum converges from a liquid state to a solid.”

24:

Video Quality in Public Safety (VQIPS) Working Group

2288: 1003:

The degree to which a color is free of white light.

939:

proprietary coding algorithms for data compression.

773: 3062:) during post-processing to improve audio quality. 1336: 4508:The level of the peaks of a synchronizing signal. 307:In general terms, a reduction in signal strength. 5687: 5083: 4201:may be limited by the video amplifier bandwidth. 1027:The path over which all signals are transmitted. 849: 5493:"High-Tech Productions Glossary of Video Terms" 5095: 5073: 4500:A device for generating a synchronizing signal. 325: 203: 4425: 3897: 2473: 1381:for video quality requirements considerations. 765: 5037:Video Electronic Standards Association (VESA) 4695: 248:specific data, behavior, objects or attitude. 5475: 5473: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5455: 4490:A contraction of synchronous or synchronize. 3554:National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) 886: 5487: 5485: 5479:Tektronix Guide to Video Terms and Acronyms 5453: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5435: 3084: 1876:F-Stop (also known as f-number or f-system) 1760: 523: 197:A device that converts analog signals into 5023: 4465: 4181: 3377: 2990: 1832:video decoding device or stored in memory. 1826:Frame Rate (also known as frame frequency) 1733:Fidelity (precision of reproduction field) 929: 359: 2491:The direct light that falls on an object. 1403: 1094:A rectangular cutting off of image edges. 1060: 1029: 1021: 901:(complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor) 5613:COHU, Inc. Glossary of Common CCTV Terms 5585: 5583: 5581: 5579: 5577: 5482: 5432: 4203: 3364:Black and white with all shades of gray. 2068:A spurious image resulting from an echo. 783: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5514: 4225: 4192: 3916: 820: 5688: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5602: 3582: 3133:Luminance Signal (See also, Y Signal.) 2545: 2524: 1844: 351: 333: 260: 5574: 2513: 1852: 1350: 1013: 5556: 5511: 3366: 2453: 2281:Hue, Saturation, and Lightness (HSL) 2270:Hue, Saturation, and Intensity (HSI) 1005: 169: 5599: 4142: 3997: 2246: 2040: 1801: 995: 317: 192:ADC (analogue to digital converter) 174: 13: 5658: 5651:from websites or documents of the 5055: 4879: 3987: 3936: 3564:Neutral Density Filter (ND filter) 3400:Motion Picture Expert Group (MPEG) 3285: 3122:Luminance (Photometric Brightness) 1379:See the Discrimination Level topic 1078: 812: 609: 14: 5712: 4492: 4214: 3977: 3410:Multi-factor Authentication (MFA) 3092: 3038: 3030: 2493: 2485: 2228:HDTV (high-definition television) 1834: 1325: 1317: 1307: 1296: 978: 804: 5647: This article incorporates 5642: 5419:Glossary of motion picture terms 4521: 2291:Hue, Saturation, and Value (HSV) 1740: 1413: 970: 918: 776:CCTV (closed-circuit television) 4684: 3926: 3889: 3066: 3010: 2503: 1339:Digital Signal Processing (DSP) 1262: 986: 962: 831: 309: 159: 32: 5617: 5537: 5412:Glossary of broadcasting terms 4666: 4510: 4407: 4162: 3906: 2463: 1863: 1781: 1771: 1070: 1039: 951: 841: 781:See Closed-Circuit Television. 1: 5637: 5065: 4714: 4502: 4388: 4171: 3967: 3946: 3356: 3335: 3100: 2999: 2070: 1791: 1393: 1360: 1287: 852:Chrominance Signal/Subcarrier 589: 502: 154: 5392: 5097:Video Signal (Non-Composite) 5076:Video Distribution Amplifier 4870: 4703: 4473: 4153: 3325: 3315: 3110: 1576: 1096: 599: 549: 512: 327:Automatic Brightness Control 239: 206:AGC (automatic gain control) 31: 7: 5404: 5238: 5043:video electronics industry. 4859: 4428:Signal-to-Noise Ratio (S/N) 4399: 3899:Pan/Tilt Preset Positioning 3305: 1568: 1106: 1086: 1050: 875: 867: 767:CCD (charge-coupled device) 570: 559: 250: 213: 10: 5717: 5679:List of broadcasting terms 4697:Time Lapse Video Recording 4674: 4415: 3346: 2050: 1750: 1383: 1272: 907: 771:See Charged-Couple Device. 754: 164: 5666:ATI Telecom Glossary 2012 4235: 3868: 3725: 3387: 2690: 889:Closed-Circuit Television 794: 581: 224: 5653:United States Government 5425: 5256: 5110: 5045: 4895: 4731: 4538: 4455: 4260: 4014: 3956: 3740: 3597: 3571: 3423: 3157: 3086:Low-Frequency Distortion 3020: 2852: 2707: 2562: 2443: 2315: 2236: 2215: 2087: 2060: 2029: 1891: 1812: 1763:Focal Length (of a lens) 1593: 1440: 1124: 941: 859: 626: 374: 5671:15 January 2013 at the 5384: 5026:Variable Bit Rate (VBR) 4484: 4467:Standard Minimum Signal 4445: 4245: 4184:Resolution (horizontal) 3380:Monochrome Transmission 3295: 3075: 3046: 2992:Lens Preset Positioning 2980: 2535: 2019: 361:Automatic Light Control 5649:public domain material 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5223: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5008: 5003: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 3879: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3140: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2835: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2298: 2256: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1423: 1406:Distribution Amplifier 1252: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1063:Contrast Range (Ratio) 1032:Composite Video Signal 1023:Communications Network 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 636: 631: 539: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 392: 387: 379: 344:Automatic Gain Control 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 44: 39: 4206:Resolution (vertical) 786:Charged Couple Device 5701:Knowledge glossaries 5379: 5233: 5018: 4854: 4661: 4383: 4228:RF (Radio Frequency) 4195:Resolution, Limiting 4137: 3919:Peak Pulse Amplitude 3863: 3720: 3546: 3406:two stereo channels. 3280: 2975: 2830: 2685: 2438: 2210: 2014: 1716: 1563: 1247: 823:Chromatic Aberration 749: 497: 184: 5499:on 20 November 2012 4453:Heavy random noise. 3584:Non-Composite Video 2548:Isolation Amplifier 2527:Interlaced Scanning 1846:Frequency Interlace 353:Automatic Iris Lens 341: 335:Automatic Frequency 299: 289: 279: 268: 262:Aperture Correction 33:Contents: 22:, developed by the 2516:Interline Transfer 1855:Frequency Response 1353:Digital Television 1015:Color Transmission 960:3.579545 MHz. 5551:978-1-58234-510-9 3369:Monochrome Signal 2478:(input or output) 2456:Image Intensifier 1007:Color Sync Signal 934:(Coding/Decoding) 5708: 5646: 5645: 5631: 5621: 5615: 5610: 5597: 5587: 5572: 5567: 5554: 5541: 5535: 5530: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5495:. Archived from 5489: 5480: 5477: 4145:Raw Image Format 4000:Progressive Scan 2249:High Pass Filter 2043:Gamma Correction 1804:Footlambert (FL) 998:Color Saturation 526:Bar Test Pattern 319:Auto Light Range 34: 5716: 5715: 5711: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5706: 5705: 5686: 5685: 5673:Wayback Machine 5661: 5659:Further reading 5643: 5640: 5635: 5634: 5622: 5618: 5611: 5600: 5588: 5575: 5568: 5557: 5542: 5538: 5531: 5512: 5502: 5500: 5491: 5490: 5483: 5478: 5433: 5428: 5407: 5397: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5376: 5375: 5374: 5243: 5236: 5231: 5230: 5229: 5228: 5098: 5089: 5088:(Public Safety) 5078: 5068: 5060: 5058:Video Amplifier 5050: 5039: 5028: 5021: 5016: 5015: 5014: 5013: 4886:considerations. 4882: 4881:Usage Timeframe 4873: 4864: 4857: 4852: 4851: 4850: 4849: 4719: 4708: 4698: 4689: 4679: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4658: 4657: 4656: 4526: 4515: 4505: 4497: 4487: 4478: 4468: 4460: 4450: 4440: 4430: 4420: 4410: 4402: 4393: 4386: 4381: 4380: 4379: 4378: 4248: 4240: 4230: 4219: 4208: 4197: 4186: 4176: 4165: 4156: 4147: 4140: 4135: 4134: 4133: 4132: 4002: 3992: 3990:Processed Image 3982: 3972: 3961: 3951: 3941: 3939:Picture Element 3931: 3921: 3911: 3900: 3892: 3884: 3873: 3866: 3861: 3860: 3859: 3858: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3717: 3716: 3715: 3585: 3576: 3566: 3556: 3549: 3544: 3543: 3542: 3541: 3411: 3402: 3392: 3382: 3371: 3361: 3351: 3340: 3330: 3320: 3310: 3300: 3290: 3288:Matrix Switcher 3283: 3278: 3277: 3276: 3275: 3145: 3135: 3124: 3113: 3105: 3095: 3087: 3078: 3069: 3049: 3041: 3033: 3025: 3015: 3004: 2993: 2985: 2978: 2973: 2972: 2971: 2970: 2840: 2833: 2828: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2695: 2688: 2683: 2682: 2681: 2680: 2550: 2540: 2529: 2518: 2508: 2498: 2488: 2479: 2468: 2458: 2448: 2441: 2436: 2435: 2434: 2433: 2303: 2293: 2283: 2272: 2261: 2251: 2241: 2230: 2220: 2213: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2205: 2075: 2065: 2055: 2045: 2034: 2024: 2017: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2009: 1878: 1868: 1857: 1847: 1839: 1828: 1817: 1806: 1796: 1786: 1776: 1765: 1755: 1745: 1734: 1726: 1719: 1714: 1713: 1712: 1711: 1581: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1558: 1428: 1418: 1408: 1398: 1388: 1373: 1365: 1355: 1341: 1330: 1320: 1312: 1301: 1290: 1283:digital signals 1277: 1267: 1257: 1250: 1245: 1244: 1243: 1242: 1111: 1101: 1091: 1081: 1080:Core Components 1073: 1065: 1055: 1044: 1034: 1024: 1016: 1008: 1000: 989: 981: 973: 965: 956: 946: 935: 923: 912: 902: 891: 880: 870: 862: 854: 844: 836: 825: 815: 814:Chroma Detector 807: 799: 788: 778: 768: 759: 752: 747: 746: 745: 744: 614: 612:Burned-In-Image 604: 594: 584: 575: 564: 554: 544: 533: 517: 507: 500: 495: 494: 493: 492: 362: 354: 346: 336: 328: 320: 312: 304: 294: 284: 273: 263: 255: 244: 229: 218: 208: 199:digital signals 194: 187: 182: 181: 180: 179: 170:Further reading 35: 12: 11: 5: 5714: 5704: 5703: 5698: 5682: 5681: 5676: 5660: 5657: 5639: 5636: 5633: 5632: 5629:978-1593392932 5616: 5598: 5573: 5555: 5536: 5510: 5481: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5423: 5422: 5415: 5406: 5403: 5402: 5401: 5398: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5385: 5381: 5378: 5373: 5372: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5249: 5248: 5244: 5239: 5235: 5232: 5227: 5226: 5221: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5103: 5102: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5090: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5046: 5044: 5040: 5035: 5033: 5029: 5024: 5020: 5017: 5012: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4888: 4887: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4865: 4860: 4856: 4853: 4848: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4724: 4723: 4720: 4715: 4713: 4709: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4690: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4663: 4660: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4531: 4530: 4527: 4522: 4520: 4516: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4495:Sync Generator 4493: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4394: 4389: 4385: 4382: 4377: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4226: 4224: 4220: 4217:Retained Image 4215: 4213: 4209: 4204: 4202: 4198: 4193: 4191: 4187: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4172: 4170: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4143: 4139: 4136: 4131: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4007: 4006: 4003: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3980:Primary Colors 3978: 3976: 3973: 3968: 3966: 3962: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3907: 3905: 3904:automatically. 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3880: 3878: 3874: 3869: 3865: 3862: 3857: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3733: 3732: 3729: 3726: 3722: 3719: 3714: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3590: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3552: 3548: 3545: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3417: 3416: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3403: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3378: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3286: 3282: 3279: 3274: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3150: 3149: 3146: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3131: 3129: 3125: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094:Lowpass Filter 3093: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3064: 3063: 3056: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040:Line Amplifier 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032:Lighting Level 3031: 3029: 3026: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3011: 3009: 3005: 3000: 2998: 2997:automatically. 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2981: 2977: 2974: 2969: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2845: 2844: 2841: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2824: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2700: 2699: 2696: 2691: 2687: 2684: 2679: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2551: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2536: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2496:Insertion Loss 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487:Incident Light 2486: 2484: 2480: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2444: 2440: 2437: 2432: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2312: 2311: 2309: 2308: 2307: 2304: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2279: 2277: 2273: 2268: 2266: 2262: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2237: 2235: 2231: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2216: 2212: 2209: 2204: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2084: 2083: 2081: 2080: 2079: 2076: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2020: 2016: 2013: 2008: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1888: 1887: 1885: 1884: 1883: 1879: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1837:Frame Transfer 1835: 1833: 1829: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1800: 1799:See Lumen/FT2. 1797: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1722: 1718: 1715: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1590: 1589: 1587: 1586: 1585: 1582: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1557: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1437: 1436: 1434: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1384: 1382: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1351: 1349: 1346:digital signal 1342: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1328:Digital Signal 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319:Digital Imager 1318: 1316: 1313: 1310:Depth of Focus 1308: 1306: 1302: 1299:Depth of Field 1297: 1295: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1278: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1121: 1120: 1118: 1117: 1116: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 996: 994: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980:Color Fringing 979: 977: 974: 971: 969: 966: 963: 961: 957: 952: 950: 947: 942: 940: 936: 930: 928: 924: 919: 917: 913: 908: 906: 903: 897: 895: 892: 887: 885: 881: 876: 874: 871: 868: 866: 863: 860: 858: 855: 850: 848: 845: 842: 840: 837: 832: 830: 826: 821: 819: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806:Chroma Control 805: 803: 800: 795: 793: 789: 784: 782: 779: 774: 772: 769: 766: 764: 760: 755: 751: 748: 743: 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 639: 634: 629: 623: 622: 620: 619: 618: 615: 610: 608: 605: 600: 598: 595: 590: 588: 585: 582: 580: 576: 571: 569: 565: 560: 558: 555: 550: 548: 545: 540: 538: 534: 524: 522: 518: 513: 511: 508: 503: 499: 496: 491: 490: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 445: 440: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 382: 377: 371: 370: 368: 367: 366: 363: 360: 358: 355: 352: 350: 347: 342: 340: 337: 334: 332: 329: 326: 324: 321: 318: 316: 313: 310: 308: 305: 300: 298: 295: 290: 288: 285: 280: 278: 274: 269: 267: 264: 261: 259: 256: 251: 249: 245: 240: 238: 235:digital signal 230: 225: 223: 219: 214: 212: 209: 204: 202: 195: 190: 186: 183: 178: 177: 175:External links 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 122: 117: 112: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 52: 47: 42: 36: 30: 28: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5713: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5684: 5680: 5677: 5674: 5670: 5667: 5663: 5662: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5630: 5626: 5620: 5614: 5609: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5596: 5595:9780079136657 5592: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5571: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5553: 5552: 5548: 5540: 5534: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5517: 5515: 5498: 5494: 5488: 5486: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5431: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5414: 5413: 5409: 5408: 5399: 5396: 5389: 5383: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5245: 5242: 5237: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5108: 5100: 5091: 5087: 5086:Video Quality 5080: 5077: 5070: 5062: 5059: 5052: 5049: 5041: 5038: 5030: 5027: 5022: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4884: 4875: 4866: 4863: 4858: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4729: 4721: 4718: 4710: 4707: 4700: 4691: 4688: 4681: 4678: 4671: 4665: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4528: 4525: 4524:Synchronizing 4517: 4514: 4507: 4499: 4496: 4489: 4480: 4477: 4470: 4462: 4459: 4452: 4449: 4442: 4439: 4432: 4429: 4422: 4419: 4412: 4404: 4395: 4392: 4387: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4258: 4250: 4242: 4239: 4232: 4229: 4221: 4218: 4210: 4207: 4199: 4196: 4188: 4185: 4178: 4175: 4167: 4158: 4149: 4146: 4141: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4012: 4004: 4001: 3994: 3991: 3984: 3981: 3974: 3971: 3963: 3960: 3953: 3950: 3943: 3940: 3933: 3930: 3923: 3920: 3913: 3910: 3902: 3894: 3886: 3883: 3875: 3872: 3867: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3730: 3724: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3595: 3587: 3578: 3575: 3568: 3565: 3558: 3555: 3550: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3421: 3413: 3404: 3401: 3394: 3391: 3384: 3381: 3373: 3370: 3363: 3360: 3353: 3350: 3342: 3339: 3332: 3329: 3322: 3319: 3312: 3309: 3302: 3299: 3292: 3289: 3284: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3155: 3147: 3144: 3137: 3134: 3126: 3123: 3115: 3107: 3104: 3097: 3089: 3080: 3071: 3061: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3043: 3035: 3027: 3024: 3017: 3014: 3006: 3003: 2995: 2987: 2984: 2979: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2842: 2839: 2834: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2697: 2694: 2689: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2552: 2549: 2542: 2539: 2531: 2528: 2520: 2517: 2510: 2507: 2500: 2497: 2490: 2481: 2477: 2470: 2467: 2460: 2457: 2450: 2447: 2442: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2305: 2302: 2295: 2292: 2285: 2282: 2274: 2271: 2263: 2260: 2253: 2250: 2243: 2240: 2232: 2229: 2222: 2219: 2214: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2077: 2074: 2067: 2064: 2057: 2054: 2047: 2044: 2036: 2033: 2026: 2023: 2018: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1880: 1877: 1870: 1867: 1859: 1856: 1849: 1841: 1838: 1830: 1827: 1819: 1816: 1808: 1805: 1798: 1795: 1788: 1785: 1778: 1775: 1767: 1764: 1757: 1754: 1747: 1744: 1743:Field of View 1736: 1728: 1725: 1720: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1591: 1583: 1580: 1573: 1567: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1430: 1427: 1420: 1417: 1416:Dynamic Range 1410: 1407: 1400: 1397: 1390: 1387: 1380: 1375: 1367: 1364: 1357: 1354: 1347: 1343: 1340: 1332: 1329: 1322: 1314: 1311: 1303: 1300: 1292: 1284: 1279: 1276: 1269: 1266: 1259: 1256: 1251: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1113: 1110: 1103: 1100: 1093: 1090: 1083: 1075: 1067: 1064: 1057: 1054: 1046: 1043: 1036: 1033: 1026: 1018: 1010: 1002: 999: 991: 983: 975: 972:Color Encoder 967: 958: 955: 948: 945: 937: 933: 925: 922: 921:Coaxial Cable 914: 911: 904: 900: 893: 890: 882: 879: 872: 864: 856: 853: 846: 838: 835: 827: 824: 817: 809: 801: 798: 790: 787: 780: 777: 770: 761: 758: 753: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 624: 616: 613: 606: 603: 596: 593: 586: 577: 574: 566: 563: 556: 553: 546: 543: 535: 531: 527: 519: 516: 509: 506: 501: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 372: 364: 356: 348: 345: 338: 330: 322: 314: 306: 303: 296: 293: 286: 283: 275: 272: 265: 257: 254: 246: 243: 236: 231: 228: 220: 217: 210: 207: 200: 196: 193: 188: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 106: 103: 101: 98: 96: 93: 91: 88: 86: 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 71: 68: 66: 63: 61: 58: 56: 53: 51: 48: 46: 43: 41: 38: 37: 27: 25: 21: 16: 5683: 5641: 5619: 5544: 5539: 5501:. Retrieved 5497:the original 5417: 5410: 4687:Test Pattern 3929:Peak-to-Peak 3891:Pan and Tilt 3068:Loop Through 3013:Letterboxing 2506:Interference 1769:(telephoto). 1265:dB (Decibel) 988:Color Purity 964:Color Edging 834:Chromaticity 792:electricity. 311:Auto Balance 282:Aspect Ratio 17: 15: 5503:10 November 4668:Target Size 4513:Synchronize 4409:Sensitivity 4164:Recognition 3909:Patch Panel 3375:monochrome. 2466:Image Plane 1866:Front Porch 1784:Focal Point 1774:Focal Plane 1072:Convergence 1042:Compression 954:Color Burst 843:Chrominance 302:Attenuation 5690:Categories 5638:References 5067:Video Band 4717:Transients 4504:Sync Level 4391:Saturation 4174:Resolution 3970:Phono plug 3949:Ping-Pongy 3944:See Pixel. 3359:Monochrome 3338:Modulation 3103:Lumen (LM) 3002:Lens Speed 2533:interlace. 2073:Gray Scale 1794:Footcandle 1396:Distortion 1363:Digitizing 1289:Definition 993:faceplate. 592:Brightness 579:excessive. 521:bandwidth. 505:Back Porch 160:References 5395:Zoom Lens 4872:Use Class 4706:Transcode 4693:fidelity. 4476:Streaming 4155:Real-Time 3877:software. 3328:Megapixel 3318:Megahertz 3112:Lumen/FT2 3052:Either a 2476:Impedance 1579:Equalizer 1099:Crosstalk 602:Broadband 552:Bit Depth 515:Bandwidth 242:Analytics 5669:Archived 5405:See also 5247:signal). 5241:Y Signal 4862:Use Case 4519:speaker. 4401:Scanning 4212:picture. 3308:Megabyte 3117:candela. 1570:EIA Sync 1109:CS-Mount 1089:Cropping 1053:Contrast 878:Clipping 869:Clamping 573:Blooming 562:Bit Rate 537:signals. 271:Artifact 253:Aperture 216:Aliasing 155:See also 4712:output. 4677:Tearing 4418:Shutter 4397:signal. 4190:height. 4160:events. 3349:Monitor 3128:screen. 3060:dubbing 2053:Genlock 1753:Flutter 1386:Display 1275:Decoder 927:shield. 910:C-Mount 757:Candela 349:See AGC 5627: 5593: 5549: 4238:Ripple 4223:image. 3965:image. 3871:Packet 3727:Output 3390:Motion 2693:Jitter 1882:Field. 829:image. 797:Chroma 583:Bounce 227:Analog 5696:Video 5426:Notes 5048:Video 4482:file. 4458:Spike 3959:Pixel 3580:snow. 3574:Noise 3082:line. 3023:Light 3008:lens. 2522:area. 2446:Image 2276:axis. 2239:Hertz 2218:H.264 2063:Ghost 2032:Gamma 1815:Frame 1334:form. 944:Color 932:CODEC 861:Clamp 530:SMPTE 165:Notes 5625:ISBN 5591:ISBN 5547:ISBN 5505:2012 5386:Zoom 4486:Sync 4448:Snow 4247:Roll 4169:man. 3298:Mbps 3077:Loss 3048:Loop 2983:Lens 2538:Iris 2022:Gain 899:CMOS 292:ATSC 5257:Top 5111:Top 4896:Top 4732:Top 4539:Top 4261:Top 4015:Top 3882:PAL 3741:Top 3598:Top 3424:Top 3158:Top 3143:Lux 2853:Top 2838:kHz 2708:Top 2563:Top 2316:Top 2301:Hum 2259:Hue 2088:Top 1892:Top 1594:Top 1441:Top 1426:DVD 1255:DAT 1125:Top 627:Top 542:Bit 375:Top 5692:: 5655:. 5601:^ 5576:^ 5558:^ 5513:^ 5484:^ 5434:^ 5664:" 5507:. 5380:Z 5371:Z 5367:Y 5362:V 5357:U 5352:T 5347:S 5342:R 5337:P 5332:O 5327:N 5322:M 5317:L 5312:K 5307:J 5302:I 5297:H 5292:G 5287:F 5282:E 5277:D 5272:C 5267:B 5262:A 5234:Y 5224:Z 5220:Y 5216:V 5211:U 5206:T 5201:S 5196:R 5191:P 5186:O 5181:N 5176:M 5171:L 5166:K 5161:J 5156:I 5151:H 5146:G 5141:F 5136:E 5131:D 5126:C 5121:B 5116:A 5019:V 5009:Z 5004:Y 5000:V 4996:U 4991:T 4986:S 4981:R 4976:P 4971:O 4966:N 4961:M 4956:L 4951:K 4946:J 4941:I 4936:H 4931:G 4926:F 4921:E 4916:D 4911:C 4906:B 4901:A 4855:U 4845:Z 4840:Y 4835:V 4831:U 4827:T 4822:S 4817:R 4812:P 4807:O 4802:N 4797:M 4792:L 4787:K 4782:J 4777:I 4772:H 4767:G 4762:F 4757:E 4752:D 4747:C 4742:B 4737:A 4662:T 4652:Z 4647:Y 4642:V 4637:U 4633:T 4629:S 4624:R 4619:P 4614:O 4609:N 4604:M 4599:L 4594:K 4589:J 4584:I 4579:H 4574:G 4569:F 4564:E 4559:D 4554:C 4549:B 4544:A 4384:S 4374:Z 4369:Y 4364:V 4359:U 4354:T 4350:S 4346:R 4341:P 4336:O 4331:N 4326:M 4321:L 4316:K 4311:J 4306:I 4301:H 4296:G 4291:F 4286:E 4281:D 4276:C 4271:B 4266:A 4138:R 4128:Z 4123:Y 4118:V 4113:U 4108:T 4103:S 4099:R 4095:P 4090:O 4085:N 4080:M 4075:L 4070:K 4065:J 4060:I 4055:H 4050:G 4045:F 4040:E 4035:D 4030:C 4025:B 4020:A 3864:P 3854:Z 3849:Y 3844:V 3839:U 3834:T 3829:S 3824:R 3820:P 3816:O 3811:N 3806:M 3801:L 3796:K 3791:J 3786:I 3781:H 3776:G 3771:F 3766:E 3761:D 3756:C 3751:B 3746:A 3721:O 3711:Z 3706:Y 3701:V 3696:U 3691:T 3686:S 3681:R 3676:P 3672:O 3668:N 3663:M 3658:L 3653:K 3648:J 3643:I 3638:H 3633:G 3628:F 3623:E 3618:D 3613:C 3608:B 3603:A 3547:N 3537:Z 3532:Y 3527:V 3522:U 3517:T 3512:S 3507:R 3502:P 3497:O 3493:N 3489:M 3484:L 3479:K 3474:J 3469:I 3464:H 3459:G 3454:F 3449:E 3444:D 3439:C 3434:B 3429:A 3281:M 3271:Z 3266:Y 3261:V 3256:U 3251:T 3246:S 3241:R 3236:P 3231:O 3226:N 3222:M 3218:L 3213:K 3208:J 3203:I 3198:H 3193:G 3188:F 3183:E 3178:D 3173:C 3168:B 3163:A 2976:L 2966:Z 2961:Y 2956:V 2951:U 2946:T 2941:S 2936:R 2931:P 2926:O 2921:N 2916:M 2912:L 2908:K 2903:J 2898:I 2893:H 2888:G 2883:F 2878:E 2873:D 2868:C 2863:B 2858:A 2831:K 2821:Z 2816:Y 2811:V 2806:U 2801:T 2796:S 2791:R 2786:P 2781:O 2776:N 2771:M 2766:L 2762:K 2758:J 2753:I 2748:H 2743:G 2738:F 2733:E 2728:D 2723:C 2718:B 2713:A 2686:J 2676:Z 2671:Y 2666:V 2661:U 2656:T 2651:S 2646:R 2641:P 2636:O 2631:N 2626:M 2621:L 2616:K 2612:J 2608:I 2603:H 2598:G 2593:F 2588:E 2583:D 2578:C 2573:B 2568:A 2439:I 2429:Z 2424:Y 2419:V 2414:U 2409:T 2404:S 2399:R 2394:P 2389:O 2384:N 2379:M 2374:L 2369:K 2364:J 2360:I 2356:H 2351:G 2346:F 2341:E 2336:D 2331:C 2326:B 2321:A 2211:H 2201:Z 2196:Y 2191:V 2186:U 2181:T 2176:S 2171:R 2166:P 2161:O 2156:N 2151:M 2146:L 2141:K 2136:J 2131:I 2127:H 2123:G 2118:F 2113:E 2108:D 2103:C 2098:B 2093:A 2015:G 2005:Z 2000:Y 1995:V 1990:U 1985:T 1980:S 1975:R 1970:P 1965:O 1960:N 1955:M 1950:L 1945:K 1940:J 1935:I 1930:H 1926:G 1922:F 1917:E 1912:D 1907:C 1902:B 1897:A 1717:F 1707:Z 1702:Y 1697:V 1692:U 1687:T 1682:S 1677:R 1672:P 1667:O 1662:N 1657:M 1652:L 1647:K 1642:J 1637:I 1632:H 1627:G 1623:F 1619:E 1614:D 1609:C 1604:B 1599:A 1564:E 1554:Z 1549:Y 1544:V 1539:U 1534:T 1529:S 1524:R 1519:P 1514:O 1509:N 1504:M 1499:L 1494:K 1489:J 1484:I 1479:H 1474:G 1469:F 1465:E 1461:D 1456:C 1451:B 1446:A 1248:D 1238:Z 1233:Y 1228:V 1223:U 1218:T 1213:S 1208:R 1203:P 1198:O 1193:N 1188:M 1183:L 1178:K 1173:J 1168:I 1163:H 1158:G 1153:F 1148:E 1144:D 1140:C 1135:B 1130:A 750:C 740:Z 735:Y 730:V 725:U 720:T 715:S 710:R 705:P 700:O 695:N 690:M 685:L 680:K 675:J 670:I 665:H 660:G 655:F 650:E 645:D 641:C 637:B 632:A 532:) 528:( 498:B 488:Z 483:Y 478:V 473:U 468:T 463:S 458:R 453:P 448:O 443:N 438:M 433:L 428:K 423:J 418:I 413:H 408:G 403:F 398:E 393:D 388:C 384:B 380:A 201:. 185:A 150:Z 145:Y 140:V 135:U 130:T 125:S 120:R 115:P 110:O 105:N 100:M 95:L 90:K 85:J 80:I 75:H 70:G 65:F 60:E 55:D 50:C 45:B 40:A

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Index