294:
reconstruction of language groups, and on a particular approach to the structural analysis of language. Reichard was not interested in historical reconstruction, and expressed impatience with Sapir's attentiveness to the so-called 'phonemic principle'. Reichard's transcriptions were therefore virtually always narrow phonetic transcriptions, and they reflected individual differences in speaker pronunciations. Sapir, and later his student Hoijer, interpreted these irregularities as 'errors', and used them to undermine the credibility of
Reichard's work. Sapir and his students were particularly committed to the analysis of sound systems of language based on Sapir's 'phonemic principle', but Reichard was skeptical of the value of that approach, and its increasing influence in the field.
1385:
31:
234:, Washington, in 1927 and 1929. She worked with a small group of speakers, three of whom were members of the Nicodemus family – Dorthy Nicodemus, Julia Antelope Nicodemus, and Lawrence Nicodemus, who was Dorthy's grandson. Julia was Riechard's primary translator and interpreter within the group, which also included master storyteller Tom Miyal. Lawrence Nicodemus, who later came to Columbia University to work with Reichard, went on to develop a practical writing system for
223:, and she returned to this work for several summers. After Goddard's death in 1928, Reichard spent her summers living in a Navajo household, learning to weave, tend sheep and participate in the daily life of a Navajo woman. Eventually she became a speaker of Navajo, an accomplishment that is connected to her major works on the language and culture.
297:
Reichard's work style was immersive, painstaking and detailed. In her work on Coeur d'Alene and Navajo in particular, she spent significant time working with speakers of the languages in their family homes – often collaborating with speakers in both language collection and linguistic analysis. Her
293:
Reichard's scholarly interests centered around the interrelationships of language, culture, religion and art, and she was attentive to the role of language variation in her work. These interests put her at odds with the emerging Sapir school, which focused much more intently on issues of historical
156:) was an American anthropologist and linguist. She is considered one of the most important women to have studied Native American languages and cultures in the first half of the twentieth century. She is best known for her studies of three different Native American languages:
262:
Reichard was made full professor at
Barnard in 1951 and remained there until her death in 1955. This was for many years the only Department of Anthropology at an undergraduate women's college, and a number of women anthropologists were trained by her.
626:
246:
briefly worked as a Navajo language consultant to
Reichard in the mid-1930s. During the 1940s, she undertook a broader analysis of Navajo language, belief system, and religious practice which culminated in the two volume study,
241:
She returned to work with Navajo during the middle 1930s and continued until the early 1950s. She started a Navajo school in which she worked with students to develop a practical orthography for the Navajo language.
290:, and as a result has not been as often cited as theirs. The conflicts centered around Reichard's scholarly interests, her work style, and her status as a woman working in a linguistic territory claimed by men.
298:
co-author Adolph
Bitanny was a Navajo speaker who worked with Reichard in the Hogan School she established during her time in Navajo country. She discusses the Hogan School approach in the fictionalized work
601:
879:
271:
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168:. Reichard was concerned with understanding language variation, and with connections between linguistic principles and underpinnings of religion, culture and context.
327:
871:
818:
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282:
As documented by Julia Falk, Reichard's work on Navajo in particular was the subject of conflict with other scholars at the time, particularly
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967:
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847:
1410:
908:
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Reichard published a variety of works relating to anthropology, linguistics, comparative religion and ethnography of art.
302:, where she also reflects on the experiences Navajo speakers had with other educational institutions.
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992:
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189:
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323:
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795:
Nicodemus, Lawrence; Matt, Wanda; Hess, Reva; Sobbing, Gary; Wagner, Jill Maria; Allen, Dianne (2000).
780:
Nicodemus, Lawrence; Matt, Wanda; Hess, Reva; Sobbing, Gary; Wagner, Jill Maria; Allen, Dianne (2000).
256:
810:
319:
235:
227:
161:
672:
Scientists and
Storytellers: Feminist Anthropologists and the Construction of the American Southwest
536:
Women, Language and
Linguistics: Three American Stories from the First Half of the Twentieth Century
205:
238:, and to publish a root dictionary, a reference grammar, and several textbooks on the language.
573:
566:
311:
74:
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in 1919 and her master's degree from the same institution in 1920. She started fieldwork on
1420:
1415:
568:
Daughters of the Desert: Women
Anthropologists and the Native American Southwest, 1880–1980
252:
47:
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8:
1384:
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220:
193:
103:
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255:. An extensive collection of her notes on Navajo ethnology and language is held by the
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185:
1342:
Reichard, Gladys (1958–1960). "A comparison of five Salish languages. (Six parts)".
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1292:
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1222:
1187:
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Reichard, Gladys (1947). "Composition and symbolism of Coeur d'Alene Verb Stems".
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137:
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for her PhD, which she earned in 1925 for her grammar of Wiyot, written under
30:
1394:
1331:. Publications of the American Ethnological Society. New York: J.J. Augustin.
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287:
283:
1213:
Reichard, Gladys (1945). "Linguistic diversity among the Navaho
Indians".
1010:
Social Life of the Navajo
Indians, with Some Attention to Minor Ceremonies
350:
Social Life of the Navajo
Indians with Some Attention to Minor Ceremonies.
659:. Vol. 22. University of California: University of California Press.
314:
in 1926. Over the course of her career, she served as secretary for the
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243:
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1113:
Reichard, Gladys (1939). "Stem – list of the Coeur d'Alene language".
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1261:
1226:
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1126:
1283:
Reichard, Gladys (1948). "The character of the Navaho verb stem".
204:
was undertaken in 1922 to 1923 and resulted in the publication of
1248:
Reichard, Gladys (1948). "Significance of aspiration in Navaho".
211:
In 1923, she took up a position as Instructor in Anthropology at
152:(born 17 July 1893 at Bangor, Pennsylvania; died 25 July 1955 at
739:. with Adele Froelich. Philadelphia: American Folklore Society.
782:
Snchitsu'umshtsn: Coeur d'Alene reference book Volumes 1 and 2
767:
Snchitsu'umshtsn: The Coeur d'Alene language. A modern course
1100:
Navajo Medicine Man: Sandpaintings and Legends of Miguelito
387:
Navajo Medicine Man: Sandpaintings and Legends of Miguelito
815:
Connecticut's Archives Online, Western CT State University
1346:. 24–26: 8–15, 50–61, 90–96, 154–167, 239–253, 293–300.
1087:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 515–707.
794:
779:
412:
Composition and Symbolism of the Coeur d'Alene Verb Stem
277:
444:(co-authored with Roman Jakobson and Elizabeth Werth)
1431:
Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
1084:
Handbook of American Indian Languages: Coeur d'Alene
1041:
Spider Woman: A story of Navajo Weavers and Chanters
363:
Spider Woman: A Story of Navajo Weavers and Chanters
328:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
565:
1167:. New York: Barnard College, Columbia University.
797:Snchitsu'umshtsn: Coeur d'Alene workbook I and II
215:. In the same year, she began doing fieldwork on
1392:
1147:
504:. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. pp. 111–118.
1325:Reichard, Gladys (1951). Smith, Marian (ed.).
564:Babcock, Barbara A.; Parezo, Nancy J. (1988).
418:Linguistic Diversity Among the Navaho Indians.
1344:International Journal of American Linguistics
1341:
1250:International Journal of American Linguistics
1215:International Journal of American Linguistics
1180:International Journal of American Linguistics
1115:International Journal of American Linguistics
705:Coeur d'Alene Online Language Resource Center
563:
176:Reichard received her bachelor's degree from
1081:Reichard, Gladys (1938). Boaz, Frans (ed.).
752:Snchitsu'umshtsn: The Coeur d'Alene language
1314:. Bollingen Series, 18. New York: Pantheon.
985:Women Anthropologists: Selected Biographies
974:- John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation
1383:
1148:Reichard, Gladys; Bitanny, Adolph (1940).
872:"Gladys A. Reichard collection, 1883–1984"
572:. University of New Mexico Press. p.
486:. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Reference. 2006.
29:
1150:Agentive and Causative Elements in Navajo
764:
749:
736:An analysis of Coeur d'Alene Indian myths
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424:An Analysis of Coeur d'Alene Indian Myths
399:Agentive and Causative Elements in Navajo
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1044:. New York: Columbia University Press.
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1027:. New York: Columbia University Press.
1012:. New York: Columbia University Press.
987:. University of Illinois Press. 1989.
945:
943:
495:
493:
393:Stemlist of the Coeur d'Alene Language
129:Native American languages and cultures
1451:20th-century American anthropologists
1312:Navaho Religion: A Study of Symbolism
599:
595:
593:
529:
527:
525:
523:
521:
462:A Comparison of Five Salish Languages
449:Navaho Religion: A Study of Symbolism
436:The Character of the Navaho Verb Stem
375:Handbook of American Indian Languages
305:
861:
728:
726:
711:from the original on 9 February 2017
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693:
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648:
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559:
557:
555:
533:
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430:Significance of Aspiration in Navaho
940:
893:
803:
799:. Spokane: WA: Coeur d'Alene Tribe.
784:. Spokane: WA: Coeur d'Alene Tribe.
769:. Spokane: WA: Coeur d'Alene Tribe.
754:. Spokane, WA: Coeur d'Alene Tribe.
490:
278:Conflicts with Sapir and colleagues
16:American anthropologist (1893–1955)
13:
1165:The Story of the Navajo Hail Chant
788:
773:
758:
743:
674:. University of New Mexico Press.
590:
518:
406:The Story of the Navajo Hail Chant
14:
1482:
1370:
936:. Gravestone Photo Project (GPP).
723:
688:
663:
643:
552:
401:(co-authored with Adolph Bitanny)
190:University of California-Berkeley
184:in 1922 under the supervision of
35:Gladys Amanda Reichard circa 1935
1401:Linguists from the United States
840:"Gladys Reichard – Anthropology"
482:"Reichard, Gladys (1893–1955)".
230:was undertaken during visits to
1441:Linguists of Salishan languages
1335:
1318:
1303:
1276:
1241:
1206:
1171:
1156:
1141:
1106:
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1048:from the original on 2023-09-26
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1016:
1001:
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958:
922:
911:from the original on 2018-05-27
882:from the original on 2017-12-22
850:from the original on 2018-08-25
832:
821:from the original on 2024-04-02
632:from the original on 2020-05-09
1411:American women anthropologists
1297:10.1080/00437956.1949.11659352
811:"Adee Dodge papers, 1930–2005"
475:
333:
1:
905:barnard.edu – Barnard College
844:anthropology.iresearchnet.com
622:10.1525/aa.1956.58.5.02a00100
468:
324:Linguistic Circle of New York
316:American Ethnological Society
1466:20th-century American people
765:Nicodemus, Lawrence (1975).
750:Nicodemus, Lawrence (1975).
670:Lavender, Catherine (2006).
484:Encyclopedia of Anthropology
270:and is buried in the city's
171:
121:anthropology and linguistics
7:
1461:20th-century American women
502:History of Linguistics 1996
373:1938: "Coeur d'Alene", in
200:. Reichard's fieldwork on
10:
1487:
1152:. New York: J.J. Augustin.
1102:. New York: J.J. Augustin.
1070:. New York: J.J. Augustin.
1068:Navajo Shepherd and Weaver
954:. New York: J.J. Augustin.
952:Dezba, Woman of the Desert
381:Dezba, Woman of the Desert
369:Navajo Shepherd and Weaver
320:American Folk-Lore Society
300:Dezba, Woman of the Desert
257:Museum of Northern Arizona
1426:Swarthmore College alumni
1310:Reichard, Gladys (1950).
1163:Reichard, Gladys (1944).
1098:Reichard, Gladys (1939).
1066:Reichard, Gladys (1936).
1038:Reichard, Gladys (1934).
1023:Reichard, Gladys (1932).
1008:Reichard, Gladys (1928).
950:Reichard, Gladys (1939).
733:Reichard, Gladys (1947).
653:Reichard, Gladys (1925).
602:"Gladys Armanda Reichard"
600:Smith, Marian W. (1956).
251:published in 1950 by the
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133:
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117:
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89:
84:
80:
70:
55:
40:
28:
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1446:American women linguists
876:www.azarchivesonline.org
442:Language and Synesthesia
1406:Barnard College faculty
656:Wiyot Grammar and Texts
609:American Anthropologist
534:Falk, Julia S. (1999).
500:Falk, Julia S. (1999).
344:Wiyot Grammar and Texts
206:Wiyot Grammar and Texts
1456:20th-century linguists
965:Gladys Amanda Reichard
934:arizonagravestones.org
150:Gladys Amanda Reichard
312:Guggenheim fellowship
75:Guggenheim Fellowship
930:"Gladys A. Reichard"
901:"Gladys A. Reichard"
310:Reichard received a
253:Bollingen Foundation
192:. Reichard attended
48:Bangor, Pennsylvania
1436:Linguists of Navajo
221:Pliny Earle Goddard
194:Columbia University
104:Columbia University
85:Academic background
1471:Linguists of Wiyot
970:2014-03-14 at the
306:Honors and service
178:Swarthmore College
154:Flagstaff, Arizona
99:Swarthmore College
63:Flagstaff, Arizona
1025:Melanesian Design
356:Melanesian Design
272:Citizens Cemetery
266:Reichard died in
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1328:Navaho Grammar
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451:(2 volumes)
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334:Major works
1395:Categories
1052:2024-04-02
915:2017-12-21
886:2017-12-21
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636:2017-12-21
469:References
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198:Franz Boas
118:Discipline
91:Alma mater
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208:in 1925.
172:Biography
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