528:. Thomism had lost its role as a leading theology and Leo attempted to re-establish it "for the protection of faith, welfare of society and the advancement of science". What he envisaged were not sterile interpretations of it, but a return to the original sources. This new orientation at the beginning of his pontificate was welcomed by Dominicans, Thomist Jesuits like Pecci and numerous bishops throughout the world. Strong opposition also developed as well on several fronts within the Church: Some considered Thomism simply outdated, while others used it for petty condemnations of dissident views that they did not like. As traditional antagonists, Jesuits and Dominicans both claimed leadership in the renewal of Catholic theology.
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584:.) Pope Leo XIII appointed thirty members, ten each from Rome, from Italy, and from the rest of the world, and provided generous financial support to attract scholars from everywhere. The Pope also personally supported individual Thomist scholars and applauded numerous critical editions of the
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on the restoration of
Christian philosophy in the schools, which was published on 4 August 1879, and mandated all Catholic universities to teach Thomism; it also created a papal academy for the training of Thomist professors and publishing scholarly editions of the works of
354:, near Rome, Giuseppe was one of the seven sons of Count Dominico Ludovico Pecci (1767–1833) and his wife Anna Prosperi Buzzi, Countess Pecci (1773–1824). From 1807 to 1818 he lived at home with his family. Together with his younger brother Vincenzo, he studied in the
565:. The leadership of this academy he entrusted to his brother, who aided the creation of similar Thomas Aquinas academies in other places (Bologna, Freiburg (Switzerland), Paris and Lowden). In 1879, Cardinal Pecci was appointed as first
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from 1818 until 1824. In 1824, Count Pecci called him and
Vincenzo home to Rome, where their mother was dying; the father wanted his children to be with him after the loss of his wife, and so they remained in Rome, attending the
423:. In 1870 he resigned his professorship because he refused to take the anti-papal oath which was demanded by the new Italian government. He continued his prominent theological research independently.
427:
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Giuseppe, Cardinal Pecci. For the most part throughout his life, he refused to be photographed: he considered painting a 'far superior and more benevolent presentation of a human being'.
395:, at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome in 1847. At the request of his brother, who became Archbishop of Perugia, he was made a professor at the theological seminary in
371:. In 1828, the question of occupational choice arose for the two brothers; Giuseppe Pecci professed the Jesuit order, while Vincenzo decided in favour of a diocesan priest.
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Cardinal Pecci continued his work as congregation and academy prefect and librarian until he died on 8 February 1890, aged 82, of complications from pneumonia. His body
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604:"an infinite treasure for the Church and a monument to its role in culture and science". He greatly increased staff and organization and appointed Jesuit father
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and librarian, respectively. They in turn opened the
Vatican Library to the general public after establishing a consultation library of 300,000 volumes.
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s texts. To balance his
Thomist Jesuit appointments, Leo entrusted the overall responsibility of the works of St Thomas Aquinas to the
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was hard to come by at that time, with the result that young scholars from other countries were sent to Rome to learn from Pecci and
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revival, which Leo XIII and his brother
Giuseppe, Cardinal Pecci originated in 1879, remained the leading papal philosophy until
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in his diary: "On 15 May at 11 am, Pope Leo XIII entered the hall in pontifical vestments, before him the
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628:) in Rome, where his funeral took place on 12 February. He is buried in the chapel of the Society of Jesus in
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Benno Kühne, Papst Leo XIII Unser
Heiliger Vater in seinem Leben und wirken, Benzinger, Einsiedeln, 1880
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The elevation of Pecci, a well-known
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to elevate his brother to their ranks, and at the age of 71 Giuseppe Pecci was created
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stood to attention. After the Papal speech, each of the new cardinals, Pecci,
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Schmidlin, Papstgeschichte der
Neuesten Zeit, Pustet München 1934, 537
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to foster science and
Thomist theology throughout the Catholic Church
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called him to Rome and offered him a professorship in theology at
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Count and
Countess Pecci, parents of Giuseppe and Vincenzo Pecci
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471:. He was the last member of a pope's family made a cardinal.
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Pope Leo XIII considered the mostly locked-up and neglected
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The house in Carpineto, in which the Pecci brothers grew up
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293:(13 December 1807 – 8 February 1890) was a Jesuit
297:theologian whose younger brother, Vincenzo, became
608:and Giuseppe Pecci to head the new undertaking as
550:, much of which was co-written by Cardinal Pecci
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2339:19th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians
776:L. von Pastor, Tagebücher, Heidelberg, 1950 127
740:Acta Leonis XIII PM Romae, 1881, Acta I, 35 ff
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880:Prefect of the Sacred Congregation of Studies
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884:16 February 1884 – 29 October 1887
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624:in the Basilica of the Twelve Apostles (
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571:Pontifical Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas
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544:Pope Leo responded with the encyclical
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1921:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler
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467:on 12 May 1879 in his brother's first
46:Cardinal-Deacon of Sant'Agata dei Goti
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391:, the theology and philosophy of St.
758:. Vol. XI. 1878. pp. 587–8
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2334:Cardinals created by Pope Leo XIII
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2359:19th-century Italian male writers
16:Italian Jesuit Thomist theologian
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808:Annuario Pontificio 2005, p.1908
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58:Photo of Cardinal Pecci in 1887.
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474:The ceremony was described by
443:Coat of arms of Giuseppe Pecci
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93:Frédéric de Fallorx du Cordray
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1601:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
998:History of Christian theology
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367:, a college belonging to the
2324:19th-century Italian Jesuits
929:History of Catholic theology
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1916:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi
1790:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
1770:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda
1312:Paulinus II of Aquileia
1307:Predestination disputes
873:Antonio Saverio De Luca
638:9 February 2010 at the
556:9 February 2010 at the
524:9 February 2010 at the
253:Dominico Ludovico Pecci
2288:Catholicism portal
2137:Hans Urs von Balthasar
1936:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
1876:Félicité de La Mennais
1555:The Cloud of Unknowing
1056:The Shepherd of Hermas
890:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
846:Lorenzo Ilarione Randi
837:Catholic Church titles
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496:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
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431:
421:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
409:La Sapienza University
379:
2062:Marie-Dominique Chenu
1981:Marie-Joseph Lagrange
1966:Désiré-Joseph Mercier
1850:Clement Mary Hofbauer
1845:Johann Michael Sailer
1272:Maximus the Confessor
964:History of the papacy
539:
509:
442:
429:
413:First Vatican Council
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245:Catholic (Roman Rite)
68:Roman Catholic Church
2238:Raniero Cantalamessa
2208:Alice von Hildebrand
2157:Edward Schillebeeckx
1835:Maria Gaetana Agnesi
1720:Lawrence of Brindisi
1650:Francisco de Vitoria
1440:Beatrice of Nazareth
1415:Hugh of Saint Victor
1395:Bernard of Clairvaux
1375:Anselm of Canterbury
1337:John Scotus Eriugena
1332:Paschasius Radbertus
1179:Gregory of Nazianzus
1073:Epistle to Diognetus
853:Cardinal Protodeacon
480:College of Cardinals
455:, insistently asked
449:College of Cardinals
301:and appointed him a
110:Cardinal Protodeacon
2213:Carlo Maria Martini
2177:Johann Baptist Metz
2147:Frederick Copleston
1971:Friedrich von Hügel
1931:Joseph Hergenröther
1911:Gaetano Sanseverino
1891:Ignaz von Döllinger
1815:Nicolas Malebranche
1655:Thomas of Villanova
1616:Counter-Reformation
1596:Girolamo Savonarola
1410:Hildegard of Bingen
1219:Cyril of Alexandria
1062:Aristides of Athens
1049:Epistle of Barnabas
1038:Ignatius of Antioch
976:Ecumenical councils
532:Papal collaboration
492:Joseph Hergenröther
465:Sant'Agata dei Goti
2228:Alasdair MacIntyre
2107:Nouvelle théologie
1996:Thérèse of Lisieux
1840:Alfonso Muzzarelli
1780:Jean-Jacques Olier
1750:Tommaso Campanella
1665:Francisco de Osuna
1660:Ignatius of Loyola
1529:Catherine of Siena
1425:Robert Grosseteste
1322:Benedict of Aniane
1262:Isidore of Seville
1204:Augustine of Hippo
1169:Cyril of Jerusalem
1164:Hilary of Poitiers
752:Acta Sanctae Sedis
632:Cemetery, in Rome
542:
512:
445:
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101:Andreas Steinhuber
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2223:Gustavo Gutiérrez
2218:Pope Benedict XVI
2203:Pope John Paul II
2102:Josemaría Escrivá
2092:Henri Daniel-Rops
1976:Vladimir Solovyov
1956:Neo-scholasticism
1896:John Henry Newman
1830:Louis de Montfort
1825:Alphonsus Liguori
1820:Giambattista Vico
1755:Pierre de Bérulle
1741:French Revolution
1710:Robert Bellarmine
1690:John of the Cross
1576:Julian of Norwich
1534:Bridget of Sweden
1524:John of Ruusbroec
1514:William of Ockham
1430:Francis of Assisi
1420:Dominic de Guzmán
1390:Decretum Gratiani
1365:Berengar of Tours
1254:Early Middle Ages
1224:Peter Chrysologus
1174:Basil of Caesarea
1159:Ephrem the Syrian
1099:Antipope Novatian
896:
895:
887:Succeeded by
863:John Henry Newman
860:Succeeded by
582:Pope John Paul II
577:in February 1884
563:St Thomas Aquinas
510:Carpineto in 1878
488:John Henry Newman
476:Ludwig von Pastor
365:Collegium Romanum
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266:Collegium Romanum
255:Anna Prosperi Buz
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2369:Jesuit cardinals
2349:Cardinal-nephews
2286:
2285:
2127:Emmanuel Mounier
2122:Bernard Lonergan
2047:Georges Bernanos
2032:Jacques Maritain
2012:G. K. Chesterton
1901:Henri Lacordaire
1800:Cornelius Jansen
1795:François Fénelon
1725:Francis de Sales
1715:Francisco Suárez
1586:Nicholas of Cusa
1470:Siger of Brabant
1455:Boetius of Dacia
1435:Anthony of Padua
1380:Joachim of Fiore
1360:Gregory of Narek
1347:High Middle Ages
1292:John of Damascus
1184:Gregory of Nyssa
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857:1887–1890
843:Preceded by
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695:on 12 April 2013
691:. Archived from
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417:Thomist theology
403:forces in 1860,
369:Society of Jesus
352:Carpineto Romano
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187:Carpineto Romano
183:13 December 1807
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164:Personal details
141:Created cardinal
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1509:Dante Alighieri
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586:Angelic Doctor'
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461:Cardinal-Deacon
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85:8 February 1890
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1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1244:Pope Gregory I
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1120:Pope Gregory I
1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
995:
994:
993:
991:Biblical canon
988:
981:Catholic Bible
978:
973:
972:
971:
961:
960:
959:
948:
946:
942:
941:
936:
933:
932:
925:
924:
917:
910:
902:
894:
893:
888:
885:
876:
871:
867:
866:
861:
858:
849:
844:
840:
839:
829:
828:
819:
810:
801:
787:
778:
769:
742:
733:
724:
715:
706:
680:
671:
662:
652:
651:
649:
646:
617:
614:
597:
594:
533:
530:
503:
500:
436:
433:
393:Thomas Aquinas
384:
381:
343:
342:
333:
332:
324:
323:
322:
321:
320:
318:
315:
286:Giuseppe Pecci
281:
280:
273:
269:
268:
263:
257:
256:
251:
247:
246:
243:
239:
238:
233:
229:
228:
219:
215:
214:
205:(aged 82)
199:
195:
194:
185:
173:Giuseppe Pecci
172:
170:
166:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
125:
124:
118:
114:
113:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
57:
49:
48:
42:
41:
34:
31:Giuseppe Pecci
30:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2381:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2309:Pope Leo XIII
2307:
2306:
2304:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2263:Aidan Nichols
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2243:Michał Heller
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:Walter Kasper
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2162:Thomas Merton
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2132:Jean Daniélou
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1871:Joseph Görres
1869:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1855:Bruno Lanteri
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1810:Blaise Pascal
1808:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:John of Ávila
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1550:
1549:Walter Hilton
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1519:Richard Rolle
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:Peter Lombard
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1385:Peter Abelard
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1277:Monothelitism
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1267:John Climacus
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1154:Monophysitism
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1067:Justin Martyr
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
999:
996:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
982:
979:
977:
974:
970:
969:Papal primacy
967:
966:
965:
962:
958:
955:
954:
953:
950:
949:
947:
943:
939:
934:
930:
923:
918:
916:
911:
909:
904:
903:
900:
891:
882:
881:
874:
868:
864:
855:
854:
847:
841:
838:
834:
826:Schmidlin 401
823:
817:Schmidlin 400
814:
805:
799:Schmidlin 395
796:
794:
792:
785:Schmidlin 394
782:
773:
754:
753:
746:
737:
728:
719:
710:
694:
690:
684:
675:
666:
657:
653:
645:
643:
641:
637:
634:
631:
627:
623:
622:lay in repose
613:
611:
607:
603:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
576:
572:
568:
564:
559:
555:
552:
549:
548:
547:Æterni Patris
538:
529:
527:
523:
520:
517:
508:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
457:Pope Leo XIII
454:
450:
447:In 1879, the
441:
428:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
387:Pecci taught
376:
372:
370:
366:
361:
357:
353:
337:
328:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:Pope Leo XIII
296:
291:
287:
278:
274:
270:
267:
264:
262:
258:
252:
248:
244:
240:
237:
234:
230:
227:
223:
220:
216:
213:
209:
200:
196:
192:
188:
171:
167:
162:
159:
156:
152:
149:
148:Pope Leo XIII
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
108:
106:Other post(s)
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
55:
50:
47:
43:
38:
27:
22:
19:
2248:Peter Kreeft
2196:21st century
2187:Henri Nouwen
2097:Jean Guitton
2077:Fulton Sheen
2005:20th century
1925:
1906:Jaime Balmes
1864:19th century
1685:Luis de León
1566:Geert Groote
1553:
1370:Peter Damian
1209:John Cassian
1149:Nestorianism
1071:
1054:
1047:
1030:
1008:Early Church
878:
851:
822:
813:
804:
781:
772:
760:. Retrieved
751:
745:
736:
727:
718:
709:
697:. Retrieved
693:the original
683:
674:
665:
656:
630:Campo Verano
619:
599:
585:
545:
543:
513:
484:Swiss Guards
473:
446:
416:
405:Pope Pius IX
386:
349:
285:
284:
272:Coat of arms
242:Denomination
222:Campo Verano
203:(1890-02-08)
191:Papal States
26:His Eminence
18:
2319:1890 deaths
2314:1807 births
2258:Tomáš Halík
2182:Jean Vanier
2167:René Girard
2152:Alfred Delp
2117:Yves Congar
2112:Karl Rahner
2087:Dorothy Day
2072:Edith Stein
2042:Ronald Knox
1640:John Fisher
1635:Thomas More
1612:Reformation
1504:Duns Scotus
1499:Ramon Llull
1492:and reforms
1480:Roger Bacon
1445:Bonaventure
1355:Roscellinus
1144:Pelagianism
1115:Constantine
938:Key figures
606:Franz Ehrle
358:College in
317:Early years
307:Neo-Thomist
232:Nationality
144:12 May 1879
90:Predecessor
77:15 May 1879
2303:Categories
2268:Scott Hahn
1645:Johann Eck
1297:Iconoclasm
1229:Pope Leo I
1089:Tertullian
762:30 January
722:Kühne, 247
648:References
469:consistory
311:Vatican II
261:Alma mater
179:1807-12-13
133:Ordination
82:Term ended
2172:Hans Küng
1961:Léon Bloy
1951:Modernism
1804:Jansenism
1490:Mysticism
1084:Montanism
699:7 January
451:, led by
383:Professor
123:(1884–87)
112:(1887–90)
98:Successor
74:Appointed
2344:Thomists
1704:Molinism
1282:Ecthesis
1234:Boethius
1139:Arianism
1129:Eusebius
1079:Irenaeus
1043:Polycarp
957:Timeline
678:Kühne 20
660:Kühne 12
636:Archived
554:Archived
522:Archived
516:Leo XIII
435:Cardinal
401:Piedmont
350:Born in
303:cardinal
224:, Rome,
1625:Erasmus
1475:Thomism
1214:Orosius
1189:Ambrose
1104:Cyprian
1032:Didache
986:Vulgate
945:General
610:prefect
569:of the
567:Prefect
502:Thomism
415:. Good
397:Perugia
389:Thomism
360:Viterbo
295:Thomist
250:Parents
236:Italian
1317:Alcuin
1199:Jerome
1094:Origen
482:. The
356:Jesuit
305:. The
218:Buried
128:Orders
64:Church
756:(PDF)
616:Death
226:Italy
1287:Bede
1016:Paul
764:2021
701:2014
494:and
290:S.J.
208:Rome
198:Died
169:Born
154:Rank
37:S.J.
463:of
146:by
2305::
1738:to
1117:to
790:^
644:.
490:,
313:.
210:,
189:,
1806:)
1802:(
1706:)
1702:(
921:e
914:t
907:v
766:.
703:.
181:)
177:(
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