1259:. Tenses include past, present, or future; and remote, near, or current. Aspects include habitual/imperfective, completive, perfect, and progressive, which is unmarked. Sequential, a subtype of progressive, denotes events that occur in a sequence. There is also a marker for persistive events, which occur continuously until the time of speaking. Special subject agreement particles exist for 1st and 2nd person, the discourse participants, but subject agreement is otherwise based on noun class. A verb can exhibit noun class agreement for all arguments, but agrees less commonly with non-human nouns.
1840:
466:
1113:, a few body parts, and semantically unrelated others. Class 10 is the same, but plural. Because words of these classes begin with nasal or unnasalizable consonants, and lose their nasality when marked with a different class prefix, the proposed prefix is nasalization. This prefix cannot always be applied to loanwords.
2136:
1230:
Numerals 11-19 are formed with the construction 'ten and X'. The final numeral, if it inflects, agrees with the noun being counted. However, if the final numeral is 1, it agrees with the singular class of the noun being counted, because 1 is singular, even if the overall number being formed is not.
1097:
Class 5 (prefix rĩ- if stem is vowel initial, i- if consonant-initial) comprises plant/landscape words and others that don't fix the pattern, and is singular. Class 6 (prefix ma-) comprises the same words, but is plural. Occasionally, class 6 nouns have the prefix marĩ-, perhaps because the class 5
1116:
Class 11 (prefix rũ-) comprises long, thin, or string-like nouns, as well as others that don't fit the pattern. Its default plural is class 10, with occasional class 6 forms. It is hypothesized that if the prefix rũ- is added to a stem that already begins with rũ, the prefix is deleted. The class
1221:
Adjectives are comparatively rare, and don't cover even every color. Qualities are usually expressed instead as associative constructions, which connect two nouns or noun phrases where the first noun (head) is modified by the second. The associative is formed by prefixing the stem a with the
1168:
may take the place of a noun or a noun phrase. Since person and noun class are marked on verbs, they are usually only used emphatically or in response to questions. Except for those of classes 3 and 14, the pronouns are formed by adding agreement class prefixes to the stem o.
1659:) is the longest known book written in Kikuyu. Other authors writing in Kikuyu are Gatua wa Mbũgwa and Waithĩra wa Mbuthia. Mbuthia has published various works in different genres—essays, poetry, children stories and translations—in Kikuyu. The late
1105:
class with some inherent, not especially augmented members. Class 8 (prefix ci- if stem is vowel initial, i- if consonant initial) is the same, but plural. These classes' prefixes can be used to augment nouns of other classes.
1160:
with the noun via adjective class prefixes (usually identical to the noun class prefixes). Other modifiers do so via agreement class prefixes, which are often simply the vowel of the noun class prefix.
589:, which is a bustling town with so many influences from the other dialects that it is difficult to distinguish between them. The dialect is also prevalent in the rice growing area of
1124:
class with some inherent, not especially diminutive members. Class 13 (prefix tũ-) is the same, but plural. These classes' prefixes can be used to diminutize nouns of other classes.
2628:
1094:
Class 3 (prefix mũ-) comprises nature/landscape words and others that are not semantically related, and is singular. Class 4 (prefix mĩ-) comprises the same words, but is plural.
1668:
561:) and will use the "s" sound instead (Kikuyu has no letter S), hence the pronunciation of "Gĩcũgũ" as opposed to "Gĩchũgũ". To hear Ndia being spoken, one needs to be in
1117:
6/11 plurals vary just as the Class 5/6 plurals do: the Class 6 prefix, ma-, attaches sometimes to the noun stem itself, and sometimes to the class 11 form.
2621:
1858:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
2614:
3996:
2172:
3924:
2642:
309:
1916:
1763:
590:
2016:
1148:
class. Class 17 (prefix kũ-/gũ-) is an indefinite locative class. These classes can be singular or plural based on context.
335:
569:. Other home towns for the Ndia, where "purer" forms of the dialect are spoken, are located in the tea-growing areas of
3991:
1957:
513:
1127:
Class 14 (null prefix) comprises abstract concepts and semantically unrelated others, and is pluralized by class 6.
495:
3834:
2165:
1098:
form is reanalyzed as the stem. Nouns of classes 1, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 can be pluralized with the class 6 form.
487:
2606:
1218:- the first syllable of a relative pronoun is short, while the first syllable of a distal demonstrative is long.
325:
17:
1138:—more semantically and syntactically motivated than other classes. It is pluralized, when possible, by class 6.
444:. The Kikuyu people usually identify their lands by the surrounding mountain ranges in Central Kenya, including
1862:
491:
1190:
pronoun is formed by adding the relevant possessive stem to the agreement class prefix of the possessed noun.
549:
The Kikuyu from Kĩrĩnyaga are composed of two main sub-dialects – the Ndia and
Gichugu who speak the dialects
248:
266:
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113:
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734:
719:
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671:
3986:
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2978:
2972:
2247:
2158:
1041:
1778:
6, 49–64; G.N. Clements & Kevin C. Ford, 1979, "Kikuyu Tone Shift and its
Synchronic Consequences",
1222:
agreement class prefix of the head noun. It can also denote possession, location, and ordinal numerals.
2017:"Zerb & Sofiya Nzau Star in Dazzling 'Mwaki' Video Shot in Kenya's Hells Gate National Park: Watch"
133:
3612:
3090:
3084:
1646:
1087:/human nouns and is singular, while class 2 (prefix a-) comprises animate/human nouns but is plural.
123:
107:
1262:
In addition to active and passive voices, there is a middle voice with an intermediate connotation.
1214:
forms. Relative pronouns are written identically to distal demonstratives, but are distinguished by
3976:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3682:
3648:
3566:
3441:
2790:
1244:
1061:
527:
476:
70:
2855:
2390:
1157:
480:
1247:, reflexivity, reciprocality, causativity, intensive meanings, reversive meanings, applicative (
3805:
2843:
2410:
2302:
1211:
822:
3927:
is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
3915:
2942:
1248:
1065:
990:
2574:
1844:
1839:
1664:
8:
2533:
2327:
1240:
906:
852:
1924:
1843: This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the
3542:
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3161:
3155:
3149:
3143:
2355:
2337:
2292:
2181:
1688:
1655:
1256:
764:
754:
531:
2448:
1749:
299:
3852:
3572:
3382:
3266:
2538:
2418:
2380:
1990:
1963:
1953:
1252:
1193:
939:
819:
786:
779:
769:
2052:. London: Published for the International African Institute by Dawsons of Pall Mall.
1887:
624:
switch easily to other Kikuyu dialects in conversation with the rest of the Kikuyu.
530:
districts are divided along the traditional boundaries of these dialects, which are
331:
3887:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3494:
3453:
2926:
2890:
2867:
2719:
2548:
2528:
2508:
2498:
2493:
2483:
2463:
2453:
2365:
2287:
2200:
2045:
1016:
The prenasalised consonants are often pronounced without prenasalisation, and thus
969:
759:
566:
2636:
1982:
3981:
3858:
3817:
3776:
3654:
3642:
3630:
3595:
3589:
3471:
3459:
3435:
3423:
3411:
3388:
3370:
3353:
3319:
3301:
3272:
3260:
3243:
3237:
3191:
3137:
2908:
2819:
2813:
2766:
2748:
2638:
2553:
2543:
2523:
2518:
2503:
2488:
2443:
2433:
2428:
2385:
2360:
2307:
2277:
2252:
2219:
1130:
Class 15 (prefix gũ- if stem is t, k, c, or th initial, kũ- otherwise) comprises
774:
417:
143:
138:
99:
1813:
1196:
are formed by adding the relevant agreement class prefix to the relative stem.
3908:
3881:
3864:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3636:
3554:
3548:
3488:
3429:
3417:
3394:
3313:
3284:
3278:
3209:
3185:
3179:
3120:
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3055:
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3008:
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2920:
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2896:
2873:
2861:
2849:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2796:
2784:
2760:
2725:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2558:
2513:
2458:
2438:
2400:
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2350:
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2322:
2312:
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2257:
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2227:
2195:
2114:
1791:
685:
211:
152:
1727:
3970:
3846:
3840:
3811:
3688:
3624:
3618:
3560:
3447:
3376:
3347:
3307:
3173:
3114:
3108:
3067:
3061:
3043:
3037:
3031:
2966:
2938:
2778:
2772:
2754:
2731:
2695:
2683:
2370:
2317:
2297:
2237:
2232:
2120:
1994:
1660:
1199:
1053:
912:
792:
706:
654:
601:
597:
421:
80:
1967:
1120:
Class 12 (prefix ga- if stem is t, k, c, or th initial, ka- otherwise) is a
1101:
Class 7 (prefix gĩ- if stem is t, k, c, or th initial, kĩ- otherwise) is an
3465:
1215:
1102:
1045:
557:. The Gicugus and the Ndias do not have the "ch" or "sh" sound (same as in
221:
1645:
There is notable literature written in the Kikuyu language. For instance,
596:
The unmistakable tonal patterns of the Gichũgũ dialect (which sounds like
283:
2590:
1947:
1708:
1180:
1135:
1091:
terms and some other words belong to these classes but take no prefixes.
649:
633:
558:
535:
445:
118:
1732:
1672:
1187:
1177:
1121:
1077:
1057:
1049:
1028:
Kikuyu has two level tones (high and low), a low-high rising tone, and
873:
666:
659:
617:
613:
2150:
2083:
Kihara, Claudius P. "Middle and
Antipassive Voices in Gĩkũyũ (E51)."
1949:
Decolonising the Mind: The
Politics of Language in African Literature
1693:
1173:
1110:
727:
292:
276:
258:
240:
465:
3799:
3793:
1270:
Kikuyu is written in a Latin alphabet. It does not use the letters
1207:
1165:
1145:
1142:
1029:
609:
582:
562:
412:
343:
49:
2689:
2131:
Muigwithania 2.0 – First Kikuyu
Newspaper revived on the Internet
1088:
1084:
621:
574:
437:
339:
128:
2144:
3932:
Narrow Bantu languages by
Guthrie classification zone templates
2423:
1203:
605:
570:
543:
441:
2129:
2595:
586:
578:
539:
433:
429:
60:
1056:
pronouns, which can coexist in that order, and subsequently
1704:
1684:
342:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1287:
a b c d e g h i ĩ j k m n o r t u ũ w y
526:
Kikuyu has four main mutually intelligible dialects. The
1983:"In Kenya, Audiences Roar at Language in 'Jedi' Film"
1774:
Kevin C. Ford, 1975. "The tones of nouns in Kikuyu,"
632:Symbols shown in parentheses are those used in the
604:, sister languages to Kikuyu) can be heard in the
1945:
1812:Wa-Ngatho, Wambũi Mũringo; Englebretson, Robert.
1811:
1048:rather than postpositions. Nouns are followed by
3968:
1625:mumbi wa Iguru na Thi na muheani wa indo ciothe
1292:Some sounds are represented by digraphs such as
1882:
1880:
432:. Kikuyu is mainly spoken in the area between
2622:
2166:
2085:Arusha Working Papers in African Linguistics,
1176:pronoun - 'and/with X' - is formed by adding
2076:Gecaga B. M. and Kirkaldy-Willis W.H. 1953.
1910:
1908:
1877:
3956:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
3951:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
3946:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
3941:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
3936:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
2055:Barlow, A. Ruffell and T. G. Benson. 1975.
1040:The canonical word order of Gĩkũyũ is SVO (
494:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2629:
2615:
2173:
2159:
2101:. Stanford, California: CSLI publications.
2066:. Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons,
2050:The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu
1151:
2078:English–Kikuyu, Kikuyu–English Vocabulary
1905:
514:Learn how and when to remove this message
1980:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1689:Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi
1068:, which have no order among themselves.
336:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
3969:
2180:
1756:
1663:also sometimes wrote in Kikuyu. Also,
2610:
2154:
1914:
1796:
1678:
1109:Class 9 comprises most animals, most
411:
48:
2014:
492:adding citations to reliable sources
459:
2094:. Nairobi: Kenya Literature Bureau.
2064:Studies in Kikuyu Grammar and Idiom
1183:to the relevant personal pronouns.
24:
3914:Languages between parentheses are
2141:(vol. 1; see ref. for v2 & v3)
2115:"A Basic Sketch Grammar of Gĩkũyũ"
1821:Rice Working Papers in Linguistics
1814:"A Basic Sketch Grammar of Gĩkũyũ"
1721:
25:
4008:
2121:Gikuyu alphabet and pronunciation
2106:
1952:. London: J. Currey. p. 24.
1631:Letter from the Hen to the Eagle
1616:the creator of heaven and earth,
1303:
2099:A Paradigmatic Grammar of Gikuyu
1981:Feldmann, Linda (28 July 1983).
1915:Rwígí, Kúrí (17 December 2018).
1838:
585:hills. Lower down the slopes is
464:
416:) (also known as Gĩgĩkũyũ) is a
2038:
2015:Bain, Katie (29 January 2024).
2008:
1974:
1939:
1764:New Updated Guthrie List Online
1696:speaks in the Kikuyu language.
1598:
1083:Class 1 (prefix mũ-) comprises
1071:
3918:of the language on their left.
1851:
1785:
1776:Studies in African Linguistics
1768:
1742:
1707:, features the Kenyan artist,
1537:Thengiũ / Nĩ wega / Nĩ ngaatho
92:6.6 million (2009 census)
13:
1:
3997:Subject–verb–object languages
1750:"Glottolog 4.8 - Gikuyu-Temi"
1714:
1640:
1417:Tigwo na wega/Tigwo na thaayũ
744:
627:
7:
2113:Robert Englebretson (ed.),
2080:. Nairobi: The Eagle Press.
1917:"MARŨA MA NGŨKŨ KŨRĨ RWĨGĨ"
1669:Mau Mau Author in Detention
1265:
1141:Class 16 (prefix ha-) is a
455:
10:
4013:
2145:My First Gikuyu Dictionary
2073:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
2062:Barlow, A. Ruffell. 1951.
2059:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1946:Ngũgĩ wa Thiongʼo (1986).
1888:"Kikuyu Language Products"
1634:Marũa Ma Ngũkũ Kũrĩ Rwĩgĩ
1614:The Gikuyu believe in God
1282:. The Kikuyu alphabet is:
1225:
1035:
3992:Northeast Bantu languages
3900:
3873:
3826:
3785:
3674:
3667:
3604:
3581:
3480:
3403:
3362:
3339:
3332:
3293:
3252:
3229:
3222:
3129:
3076:
3017:
2882:
2805:
2740:
2657:
2650:
2583:
2567:
2476:
2409:
2336:
2218:
2209:
2188:
2071:Kikuyu–English Dictionary
2057:English-Kikuyu Dictionary
1987:Christian Science Monitor
1623:Gikuyu ni gitikitie Ngai
1619:the giver of all things.
989:
968:
905:
872:
851:
785:
751:
639:
387:
376:
365:
354:
322:
306:
290:
274:
256:
238:
233:
208:
184:
96:
86:
76:
66:
56:
44:
39:
34:
1762:Jouni Filip Maho, 2009.
1667:wrote his popular book,
1243:, noun class agreement,
1239:Verbs can be marked for
1234:
1023:
1020:are often realised as .
2092:First Lessons in Kikuyu
1738:(subscription required)
1703:, by the Brazilian DJ,
1274:, and adds the letters
1152:Adjectives and pronouns
420:language spoken by the
27:Bantu language in Kenya
3925:Guthrie classification
2643:Guthrie classification
2138:First Course in Kikuyu
2090:Leakey L. S. B. 1989.
1861:. 2006. Archived from
1859:"Langue : kikuyu"
1501:Tiga wana / tiga ũrimũ
1134:body parts and verbal
565:, the largest town in
408:
324:This article contains
1711:, singing in Kikuyu.
2575:Kenyan Sign Language
2069:Benson, T. G. 1964.
2046:Armstrong, Lilias E.
1296:for the velar nasal
1272:l f p q s v x z
488:improve this section
2477:Immigrant languages
1927:on 21 December 2023
1453:Nĩngũkũhũrĩra thimũ
1042:subject–verb–object
3987:Languages of Kenya
2248:Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki
2189:Official languages
2182:Languages of Kenya
2097:Mugane John 1997.
1780:Linguistic Inquiry
1679:In popular culture
1656:Wizard of the Crow
1589:Ancestral Spirits
1489:He mbeca / He mbia
1348:How are you doing?
1249:valency increasing
608:-growing areas of
448:, which they call
3964:
3963:
3909:extinct languages
3896:
3895:
3663:
3662:
3328:
3327:
3218:
3217:
2604:
2603:
2472:
2471:
1892:WorldLanguage.com
1736:(18th ed., 2015)
1665:Gakaara wa Wanjaũ
1647:Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o
1638:
1637:
1596:
1595:
1465:Nĩndacokia ngatho
1400:Are you a friend?
1202:pronouns come in
1194:Relative pronouns
1014:
1013:
742:
741:
524:
523:
516:
398:
397:
350:
349:
332:rendering support
328:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
4004:
3672:
3671:
3337:
3336:
3227:
3226:
2655:
2654:
2641:(Zones E–H) (by
2631:
2624:
2617:
2608:
2607:
2216:
2215:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2152:
2151:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1923:. Archived from
1912:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1855:
1849:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1827:(special): 36–70
1818:
1809:
1794:
1789:
1783:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1725:
1692:, the character
1651:Mũrogi wa Kagogo
1603:
1602:
1448:I will phone you
1308:
1307:
1299:
1019:
1007:
1001:
978:
961:
953:
947:
942:
932:
924:
915:
898:
892:
886:
880:
863:
844:
836:
830:
825:
810:
802:
795:
749:
748:
736:
721:
713:
700:
692:
680:
673:
644:
643:
620:, Marigiti. The
567:Kirinyaga County
528:Central Province
519:
512:
508:
505:
499:
468:
460:
415:
413:[ɣēkōjó]
352:
351:
318:
312:
302:
286:
279:
270:
269:
261:
252:
251:
243:
214:
134:Southern Bantoid
102:
71:Central Province
52:
50:[ɣēkōjó]
32:
31:
21:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3977:Kikuyu language
3967:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3892:
3869:
3822:
3781:
3755:Southeast Kongo
3659:
3600:
3577:
3567:Socotra Swahili
3476:
3399:
3358:
3324:
3289:
3248:
3214:
3125:
3072:
3062:Mwimbi-Muthambi
3013:
2878:
2801:
2736:
2646:
2639:Bantu languages
2635:
2605:
2600:
2584:Urban languages
2579:
2563:
2468:
2405:
2332:
2211:
2205:
2184:
2179:
2149:
2109:
2104:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1979:
1975:
1960:
1944:
1940:
1930:
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1906:
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1816:
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1747:
1743:
1737:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1699:The 2023 song,
1681:
1643:
1601:
1520:You are learned
1412:Bye, be blessed
1306:
1268:
1237:
1228:
1154:
1074:
1038:
1026:
938:
911:
818:
791:
763:
747:
642:
630:
520:
509:
503:
500:
485:
469:
458:
330:Without proper
316:
313:
308:
298:
282:
275:
265:
264:
257:
247:
246:
239:
229:
215:
210:
202:Southern Gikuyu
199:Northern Gikuyu
180:
144:Northeast Bantu
103:
100:Language family
98:
89:
88:Native speakers
28:
23:
22:
18:Gikuyu language
15:
12:
11:
5:
4010:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3962:
3961:
3959:
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3943:
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3808:
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3269:
3263:
3256:
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3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
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3140:
3133:
3131:
3127:
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3124:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3099:
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3019:
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2993:
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2757:
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2601:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2587:
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2580:
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2577:
2571:
2569:
2568:Sign languages
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
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2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2391:Southern Oromo
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2334:
2333:
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2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
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2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2178:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2155:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2134:
2127:
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2110:
2108:
2107:External links
2105:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2007:
1973:
1958:
1938:
1921:Kikuyuland.com
1904:
1876:
1865:on 9 June 2020
1850:
1795:
1784:
1782:10.2, 179–210.
1767:
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1741:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1680:
1677:
1671:, which won a
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1600:
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1576:
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1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:Thiĩ na thaayũ
1546:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:Ndĩĩ mũrathime
1474:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1455:
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1444:
1443:
1438:
1432:
1431:
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1371:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1305:
1304:Sample phrases
1302:
1290:
1289:
1267:
1264:
1236:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1153:
1150:
1076:Gĩkũyũ has 17
1073:
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696:
694:
688:
682:
681:
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674:
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663:
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647:
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629:
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521:
472:
470:
463:
457:
454:
396:
395:
389:
385:
384:
378:
374:
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367:
363:
362:
356:
348:
347:
334:, you may see
320:
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307:
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303:
296:
288:
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280:
272:
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262:
254:
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234:Language codes
231:
230:
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226:Gicandi script
224:
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216:
212:Writing system
209:
206:
205:
204:
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200:
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186:
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114:Atlantic–Congo
106:
104:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
58:
57:Native to
54:
53:
46:
42:
41:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4009:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
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3980:
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3750:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3719:Central Kongo
3716:
3714:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3684:
3680:
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3311:
3309:
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3303:
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3296:
3292:
3286:
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3201:
3199:
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3141:
3139:
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3128:
3122:
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3116:
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2756:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2721:
2720:Talinga-Bwisi
2717:
2715:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2685:
2681:
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2649:
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2239:
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2217:
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2208:
2202:
2199:
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2193:
2191:
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2183:
2176:
2171:
2169:
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2162:
2157:
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2153:
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2143:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2022:
2018:
2011:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1959:0-435-08016-4
1955:
1951:
1950:
1942:
1926:
1922:
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1911:
1909:
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1889:
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1881:
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1706:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1661:Wahome Mutahi
1658:
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1633:
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1629:
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1622:
1620:
1617:
1613:
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1562:
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1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1496:Stop nonsense
1494:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:Give me money
1482:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1460:I give thanks
1458:
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1401:
1398:
1397:
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1391:
1389:
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473:This section
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47:
45:Pronunciation
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3904:
3025:
2943:Suba-Simbiti
2411:Nilo-Saharan
2267:
2137:
2130:
2124:
2098:
2091:
2087:6(1): 17-39.
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2039:Bibliography
2024:. Retrieved
2020:
2010:
1998:. Retrieved
1986:
1976:
1948:
1941:
1929:. Retrieved
1925:the original
1920:
1895:. Retrieved
1891:
1867:. Retrieved
1863:the original
1853:
1837:
1829:. Retrieved
1824:
1820:
1787:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1758:
1744:
1731:
1723:
1700:
1698:
1687:
1683:In the 1983
1682:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1599:Sample texts
1582:
1572:
1567:
1560:
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1429:Nĩngwendete.
1428:
1423:
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1387:
1380:
1375:
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1363:
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1335:
1329:kũhana atĩa?
1328:
1324:
1319:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1261:
1251:) meanings,
1238:
1229:
1220:
1216:vowel length
1198:
1192:
1185:
1171:
1163:
1155:
1140:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1103:augmentative
1100:
1096:
1093:
1082:
1078:noun classes
1075:
1072:Noun classes
1046:prepositions
1039:
1027:
1015:
823:prenasalised
631:
595:
554:
550:
548:
525:
510:
501:
486:Please help
474:
449:
425:
404:
400:
399:
391:
380:
369:
358:
323:
310:Guthrie code
291:
222:Latin script
157:
29:
3713:South Kongo
1897:21 December
1709:Sofiya Nzau
1544:Go in peace
1508:Don't laugh
1472:I'm blessed
1364:I am hungry
1320:How are you
1181:preposition
1156:Adjectives
1136:infinitives
1062:quantifiers
1044:). It uses
1018:/ᵐbⁿdᶮdʒᵑɡ/
991:Approximant
634:orthography
446:Mount Kenya
338:instead of
124:Benue–Congo
119:Volta-Congo
108:Niger–Congo
3971:Categories
3749:East Kongo
3472:Mushungulu
2534:Portuguese
2328:West Nyala
2210:Indigenous
2026:1 February
1733:Ethnologue
1715:References
1673:Noma Award
1641:Literature
1525:Wĩ mũthomu
1513:Ndũgatheke
1424:I love you
1405:Wĩ mũrata?
1369:Ndĩ mũhũtu
1353:Ũrĩ mwega?
1325:Ũhoro waku
1188:possessive
1178:comitative
1122:diminutive
1058:adjectives
1050:possessive
745:Consonants
618:Kathũngũri
581:, and the
504:April 2024
3916:varieties
3907:indicate
2356:Daasanach
2293:Mijikenda
2212:languages
2021:Billboard
2000:19 August
1995:0882-7729
1845:CC BY 3.0
1792:Wals.info
1694:Nien Nunb
1675:in 1984.
1532:Thank you
1436:Come here
1393:Ndĩ mwega
1388:I am good
1212:anaphoric
1174:dependent
1164:Personal
1111:loanwords
913:voiceless
907:Fricative
853:Affricate
793:voiceless
628:Phonology
532:Kĩrĩnyaga
475:does not
450:Kĩrĩnyaga
407:(Gikuyu:
392:Bũrũrĩ Wa
293:Glottolog
277:ISO 639-3
259:ISO 639-2
241:ISO 639-1
77:Ethnicity
3888:Hunganna
3853:Mbangala
3794:Kimbundu
3383:Shambala
3267:Nyamwezi
2927:Nguruimi
2678:Nyankore
2539:Japanese
2419:Kipsigis
2381:Rendille
2338:Cushitic
2125:Omniglot
1968:13333403
1931:25 April
1869:21 March
1847:license.
1831:20 April
1606:English
1561:Mũthenya
1441:Ũka haha
1381:Ndeithia
1357:Wĩ mwega
1266:Alphabet
1245:negation
1208:proximal
1166:pronouns
1146:locative
1143:definite
1066:numerals
1030:downstep
765:Alveolar
755:Bilabial
686:Mid-high
610:Kianyaga
583:Kangaita
563:Kerugoya
559:Mũrang'a
555:Gĩgĩcũgũ
536:Mũrang'a
456:Dialects
377:Language
344:Help:IPA
300:kiku1240
185:Dialects
148:Thagiicu
40:Gĩgĩkũyũ
3905:Italics
3761:Hangala
3537:Ngazija
3525:Tumbatu
3454:Vidunda
3302:Nilamba
3144:Gyriama
2991:Simbiti
2925:[JE401
2891:Logooli
2868:Marachi
2860:[JE341
2777:[JE221
2761:Dzindza
2712:[JE101
2637:Narrow
2549:Russian
2529:Chinese
2509:Italian
2499:Spanish
2494:Punjabi
2484:English
2464:Turkana
2454:Samburu
2366:El Molo
2288:Marachi
2201:Swahili
2196:English
2117:, 2015.
1609:Kikuyu
1376:Help me
1341:He maaĩ
1314:Gĩkũyũ
1311:English
1226:Numbers
1089:Kinship
1085:animate
1036:Grammar
787:Plosive
780:Glottal
770:Palatal
707:Mid-low
655:Central
622:Gichugu
614:Gĩthũre
575:Baricho
496:removed
481:sources
438:Nairobi
426:Agĩkũyũ
388:Country
340:Unicode
193:Mathira
190:Gichugu
151:Kikuyu-
129:Bantoid
81:Agĩkũyũ
3982:Kikuyu
3865:Soonde
3863:[H321
3800:Mbamba
3777:Suundi
3771:Doondo
3759:[H111
3737:Bwende
3701:Ndingi
3683:Beembe
3668:Zone H
3655:Magoma
3653:[G651
3631:Pangwa
3596:Ndamba
3590:Pogolo
3573:Mwiini
3547:[G402
3543:Njuani
3531:Hadimu
3519:Phemba
3513:Unguja
3464:[G301
3460:Sagala
3436:Ruguru
3424:Zaramo
3418:Ngwele
3412:Zigula
3393:[G221
3389:Bondei
3371:Tubeta
3354:Kaguru
3333:Zone G
3320:Mbugwe
3273:Sumbwa
3261:Sukuma
3238:Tongwe
3223:Zone F
3204:Degere
3198:Segeju
3192:Elwana
3190:[E701
3186:Sagala
3180:Dabida
3162:Duruma
3138:Pokomo
3060:[E531
3044:Saraka
3026:Kikuyu
3007:JE434
3001:JE433
2995:JE432
2989:JE431
2985:Tiriki
2983:JE413
2977:JE412
2971:JE411
2965:JE407
2959:JE406
2953:JE405
2949:Shashi
2947:JE404
2937:JE403
2931:JE402
2909:Zanaki
2872:JE343
2866:JE342
2850:Saamia
2838:Tsotso
2826:Bukusu
2795:JE253
2789:JE252
2783:JE251
2767:Kerebe
2749:Nyambo
2730:JE121
2724:JE103
2718:JE102
2651:Zone E
2554:Danish
2544:Romani
2524:Arabic
2519:Hebrew
2504:German
2489:French
2449:Pökoot
2444:Omotik
2434:Naandi
2429:Maasai
2386:Somali
2361:Dahalo
2308:Pokomo
2278:Logoli
2268:Kikuyu
2253:Ilwana
2228:Bajuni
2048:1967.
1993:
1966:
1956:
1728:Kikuyu
1592:Ngomi
1257:aspect
1255:, and
1210:, and
1204:distal
1064:, and
970:Liquid
940:voiced
899:(ng')
820:voiced
760:Dental
640:Vowels
606:coffee
571:Kagumo
551:Kĩndia
544:Kiambu
442:Nakuru
422:Gĩkũyũ
409:Gĩkũyũ
405:Gikuyu
401:Kikuyu
394:Gĩkũyũ
383:Gĩkũyũ
372:Gĩkũyũ
366:People
361:Gĩkũyũ
355:Person
158:Kikuyu
67:Region
35:Kikuyu
3882:Mbala
3859:Sinji
3847:Hungu
3845:H33
3818:Songo
3798:H21b
3792:H21a
3775:H131
3767:Kamba
3765:H112
3753:H16h
3747:H16g
3743:Laadi
3741:H16f
3735:H16e
3731:Fiote
3729:H16d
3725:Yombe
3723:H16c
3717:H16b
3711:H16a
3707:Mboka
3695:Kunyi
3643:Wanji
3637:Kinga
3613:Sango
3571:G412
3565:G411
3559:G404
3555:Mwani
3553:G403
3549:Makwe
3541:G44b
3535:G44a
3529:G43c
3523:G43b
3517:G43a
3511:G42d
3507:Mrima
3505:G42c
3501:Mvita
3499:G42b
3493:G42a
3489:Tikuu
3470:G311
3430:Ngulu
3395:Mbugu
3314:Langi
3285:Bungu
3279:Kimbu
3244:Bende
3210:Taita
3202:E732
3196:E731
3184:E74b
3178:E74a
3168:Rabai
3166:E72e
3160:E72d
3156:Conyi
3154:E72c
3150:Kauma
3148:E72b
3142:E72a
3121:Gweno
3103:Rombo
3101:E62c
3097:Wunjo
3095:E62b
3089:E62a
3066:E541
3056:Daiso
3050:Kamba
3009:Sweta
3003:Surwa
2997:Hacha
2979:Isuxa
2973:Idaxo
2961:Singa
2955:Kabwa
2933:Ikizu
2921:Sonjo
2903:Koria
2897:Gusii
2874:Songa
2862:Xaayo
2856:Nyuli
2844:Nyore
2836:E32b
2832:Hanga
2830:E32a
2824:E31c
2818:E31b
2812:E31a
2785:Kwaya
2779:Rashi
2714:Gungu
2708:Nyala
2702:Gwere
2690:Ganda
2672:Tooro
2666:Nyoro
2596:Engsh
2591:Sheng
2559:Dutch
2514:Hindi
2459:Tugen
2439:Ogiek
2401:Yaaku
2396:Waata
2376:Oromo
2351:Burji
2346:Aweer
2323:Taita
2313:Samia
2303:Nyole
2283:Luhya
2273:Kuria
2263:Khayo
2258:Kamba
2243:Gusii
2220:Bantu
1817:(PDF)
1701:Mwaki
1685:movie
1573:Ũtukũ
1568:Night
1253:tense
1241:focus
1235:Verbs
1158:agree
1024:Tones
954:(th)
893:(ny)
874:Nasal
864:(nj)
845:(ng)
837:(nd)
831:(mb)
775:Velar
650:Front
587:Kutus
579:Kagio
540:Nyeri
434:Nyeri
430:Kenya
428:) of
418:Bantu
139:Bantu
61:Kenya
3923:The
3886:H42
3880:H41
3857:H35
3851:H34
3841:Suku
3839:H32
3835:Yaka
3833:H31
3816:H24
3812:Bolo
3810:H23
3806:Sama
3804:H22
3705:H15
3699:H14
3693:H13
3689:Vili
3687:H12
3681:H11
3649:Kisi
3647:G67
3641:G66
3635:G65
3629:G64
3625:Bena
3623:G63
3619:Hehe
3617:G62
3611:G61
3594:G52
3588:G51
3561:Sidi
3487:G41
3458:G39
3452:G38
3448:Kutu
3446:G37
3442:Kami
3440:G36
3434:G35
3428:G34
3422:G33
3416:G32
3410:G31
3387:G24
3381:G23
3375:G22
3369:G21
3352:G12
3348:Gogo
3346:G11
3318:F34
3312:F33
3308:Remi
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3300:F31
3283:F25
3277:F24
3271:F23
3265:F22
3259:F21
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3236:F11
3208:E74
3174:Digo
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3136:E71
3119:E65
3115:Kahe
3113:E64
3109:Rusa
3107:E63
3083:E61
3068:Cuka
3054:E56
3048:E55
3042:E54
3038:Meru
3036:E53
3032:Embu
3030:E52
3024:E51
2967:Ware
2939:Suba
2919:E46
2915:Nata
2913:E45
2907:E44
2901:E43
2895:E42
2889:E41
2854:E35
2848:E34
2842:E33
2820:Kisu
2814:Gisu
2797:Ruri
2791:Kara
2773:Jita
2771:E25
2765:E24
2759:E23
2755:Ziba
2753:E22
2747:E21
2732:Hema
2726:Ruli
2706:E18
2700:E17
2696:Soga
2694:E16
2688:E15
2684:Ciga
2682:E14
2676:E13
2670:E12
2664:E11
2371:Orma
2318:Suba
2298:Meru
2238:Embu
2233:Digo
2028:2024
2002:2024
1991:ISSN
1964:OCLC
1954:ISBN
1933:2024
1899:2023
1871:2009
1833:2024
1705:Zerb
1583:Ngai
1278:and
1186:The
1172:The
1132:only
1052:and
1008:(w)
1002:(y)
979:(r)
962:(g)
948:(b)
933:(h)
925:(c)
887:(n)
881:(m)
811:(k)
803:(t)
722:(o)
714:(e)
701:(ũ)
693:(ĩ)
667:High
660:Back
602:Embu
598:Meru
591:Mwea
553:and
542:and
479:any
477:cite
440:and
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196:Ndia
153:Temi
3874:H40
3827:H30
3786:H20
3675:H10
3605:G60
3582:G50
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3466:Doe
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3377:Asu
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3340:G10
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3253:F20
3230:F10
3130:E70
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2806:E30
2741:E20
2658:E10
2424:Luo
2123:at
1730:at
1649:'s
1579:God
1556:Day
1355:or
1327:or
1298:/ŋ/
862:ᶮdʒ
728:Low
600:or
490:by
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284:kik
267:kik
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