101:, focused on their works' "objectness." Clement Greenberg was also an influential critic in action painting, intrigued by the creative struggle, which he claimed was evidenced by the surface of the painting. To Greenberg, it was the physicality of the paintings' clotted and oil-caked surfaces that was the key to understanding them. "Some of the labels that became attached to Abstract Expressionism, like "informel" and "Action Painting," definitely implied this; one was given to understand that what was involved was an utterly new kind of art that was no longer art in any accepted sense. This was, of course, absurd." – Clement Greenberg, "Post Painterly Abstraction".
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It is essential for the understanding of action painting to place it in historical context. The action painting movement took place in the time after World War II ended. With this came a disordered economy and culture in Europe, and in
America the government took advantage of their new state of
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painters and critics. According to
Rosenberg the canvas was "an arena in which to act". The actions and means for creating the painting were seen, in action painting, of a higher importance than the result. While Rosenberg created the term "action painting" in 1952, he began creating his action
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as its underlying foundations. Many of the painters were interested in Carl Jung's studies of archetypal images and types, and used their own internal visions to create their paintings. Along with Jung, Sigmund Freud and
Surrealism were also influential to the beginning of action painting. The
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in the position of the artist and theoretician who used the term "action" at first in this sense and fostered the theory of the subjective struggle with it. In his theory of the viewer-dependent possibility space, in which the artist "acts" like in an ecstatic ritual, Paalen considers ideas of
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Rosenberg's critique shifted the emphasis from the object to the struggle itself, with the finished painting being only the physical manifestation, a kind of residue, of the actual work of art, which was in the act or process of the painting's creation. The newer research tends to put the
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in which paint is spontaneously dribbled, splashed or smeared onto the canvas, rather than being carefully applied. The resulting work often emphasizes the physical act of painting itself as an essential aspect of the finished work or concern of its artist.
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Over the next two decades, Rosenberg's redefinition of art as an act rather than an object, as a process rather than a product, was influential, and laid the foundation for a number of major art movements, from
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visual language. This was done by the artist painting "unconsciously," and spontaneously, creating a powerful arena of raw emotion and action, in the moment. Action painting was clearly influenced by the
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paintings of the Action painters were not meant to portray objects per se or even specific emotions. Instead they were meant to touch the observer deep in the subconscious mind, evoking a sense of the
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American action painters pondered the nature of art as well as the reasons for the existence of art often when questioning what the value of action painting is. The preceding art of
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were beginning to flourish and were changing people's perception of the physical and psychological world; and civilization's understanding of the world through heightened
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had long been outspoken in their view of a painting as an arena within which to come to terms with the act of creation, earlier critics sympathetic to their cause, like
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had freed itself from the portrayal of objects and instead tried to evoke, address and delineate, through the aesthetic sense, emotions and feelings within the viewer.
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138:; Paalen describes a highly artistic vision of totemic art as part of a ritual "action" with psychic links to genetic memory and matrilinear ancestor-worship.
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in 1952, in his essay "The
American Action Painters", and signaled a major shift in the aesthetic perspective of
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65:" interchangeably). A comparison is often drawn between the American action painting and the French
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of
American Abstract Expressionism (1940s-50s) is also seen as closely linked to the movement.
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The style was widespread from the 1940s until the early 1960s, and is closely associated with
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695:"What the Mind's Eye Sees: Action painters were postwar exemplars of American individualism"
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Organized by Ulf Küster. Fondation
Beyekerm Basekm Switzerland, January 27-May 12, 2008
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Organized by Norman L. Kleeblatt. Jewish Museum, New York, May 4-September 21, 2008
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which (also) influenced by psychoanalysis claimed a more direct access to the
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Slifkin, Robert (June 2011). "The Tragic Image: Action
Painting Refigured".
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1005:"The Late Abstract Expressionism in the Works of Sam Francis - IdeelArt"
739:"The Easy Part of the Hard Problem: A Resonance Theory of Consciousness"
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theory in the 1930s as a critic. While abstract expressionists such as
252:. Important exponents of this concept of art making were the painters
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1119:"Grace Hartigan: New York School painter who later rejected Abstract"
981:"Biography - Perle Fine - Abstract Expressionist Art - PerleFine.Com"
416:
Action/Abstraction: Pollock, de
Kooning, and American Art, 1940-1976
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American
Abstract Expressionism of the 1950s An Illustrated Survey,
1246:"Joe (Joseph) Stefanelli American Abstract Expressionist - Artlyst"
431:
66:
45:
1394:
9th Street Art
Exhibition-abstract expressionist artists reminisce
1355:
New York School Abstract Expressionists Artists Choice by Artists,
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Auction record including a color image of a 1960 action painting
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1400:
916:"Elaine de Kooning, Portraiture, and the Politics of Sexuality"
147:
1297:"Action Painting: Perspectives from Two Sides of the Atlantic"
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676:
Auf Liebe und Tod, Das Leben des Surrealisten Wolfgang Paalen
223:
863:"James Brooks (1906-1992) - Artists - Michael Rosenfeld Art"
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219:
4531:
Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation
61:(some critics have used the terms "action painting" and "
554:"Action Painting Technique: Definition, Characteristics"
1197:"Georges Mathieu Biography – Georges Mathieu on artnet"
942:"Biography - The Artist - Willem de Kooning Foundation"
789:"Ana Hatherly and the Baroque. In a Garden Made of Ink"
837:"Why Haven't You Heard of Norman Bluhm?- artnet News"
118:(1943) had considerable influence on such artists as
966:"John Ferren | Smithsonian American Art Museum"
1149:"Franz Kline Biography, Art, and Analysis of Works"
1173:"Lee Krasner and Her Impressive Oeuvre - IdeelArt"
611:, 3:d edition, London, Pearson Education, p. 1133.
1270:"Jack Tworkov Biography – Jack Tworkov on artnet"
4704:
30:For the compilation album of the same name, see
793:Calouste Gulbenkian Museum - Modern Collection
1620:
1416:
1372:, Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois UP, 2006.
736:
191:, action painting developed in an era where
76:The term was coined by the American critic
1627:
1613:
1423:
1409:
263:
1307:: 119–121. Winter 2008 – via EBSCO.
939:
887:"Nicolas Carone | Loretta Howard Gallery"
764:
754:
491:"Art History Definition: Action Painting"
1370:Action Writing: Jack Kerouac's Wild Form
585:. poetrymagazines.org.uk. Archived from
1093:"New York School Action Painting 1950s"
1053:"ArtAsiaPacific: Ismail Gulgee19262007"
692:
647:
516:
477:
235:and tapping the collective sense of an
14:
4705:
4308:Contemporary Indigenous Australian art
1221:"Milton Resnick: A Question of Seeing"
693:Kaufman, Jason Edwards (Spring 2008).
2328:Art of the late 16th century in Milan
1608:
1404:
1291:
1289:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
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978:
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218:took this a step further, using both
169:
979:Tennessee, AE Artworks - Nashville.
688:
686:
684:
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548:
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512:
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24:
3663:Vienna School of Fantastic Realism
2514:Neoclassical architecture in Milan
1286:
1074:
737:Hunt, T.; Schooler, J. W. (2019).
678:, Berlin (Parthas) 2015, S. 494ff.
25:
4749:
3737:American Figurative Expressionism
2073:International Gothic art in Italy
1376:
717:"Peggy Liebenow: Abstrakte Kunst"
681:
614:
541:
507:
4687:
4686:
3246:Neue Künstlervereinigung München
1589:
1588:
1430:
4168:Tunisian collaborative painting
3641:International Typographic Style
1358:(New York School Press, 2000.)
1342:(New York School Press, 2003.)
1262:
1238:
1213:
1189:
1165:
1141:
1130:from the original on 2008-12-09
1110:
1097:Post War American Expressionsim
1045:
1021:
997:
972:
958:
933:
908:
879:
854:
829:
805:
781:
743:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
730:
709:
3921:The Caribbean Artists Movement
813:"Frank Avray Wilson biography"
668:
641:
601:
570:
483:
402:
13:
1:
2277:Dutch and Flemish Renaissance
521:Art Glossary: Action Painting
175:importance. A product of the
52:
4392:Modern European ink painting
3764:Bay Area Figurative Movement
705:: 113–117 – via EBSCO.
581:The American Action Painters
7:
4053:Artificial intelligence art
867:www.michaelrosenfeldart.com
525:. About.com. Archived from
425:
10:
4754:
4718:Contemporary art movements
3966:Post-painterly abstraction
3789:Situationist International
3163:Pennsylvania Impressionism
29:
4728:Art Informel and Tachisme
4682:
4486:
4251:
4061:
3841:
3633:
3617:
3549:California Scene Painting
3428:California Scene Painting
3384:Figurative Constructivism
3296:
3101:
2880:
2869:
2699:
2636:
2529:
2445:
2435:Poussinists and Rubenists
2336:
2140:
1873:
1673:
1664:
1651:
1584:
1553:
1498:
1438:
1331:Action Painting in Venice
625:"Action Painting | Artsy"
607:Stokstad, Marilyn, 2008,
467:9th Street Art Exhibition
4647:Prehistoric European art
4296:Contemporary African art
3779:Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai
3707:Generación de la Ruptura
3334:Universal Constructivism
3126:California Impressionism
3081:American Barbizon school
1317:The Tradition of the New
756:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00378
558:www.visual-arts-cork.com
4474:Walking Artists Network
3811:Letterist International
3651:Washington Color School
2565:Arts in the Philippines
1319:(1959) - Ayer Co Pub -
264:Notable action painters
179:artistic resurgence of
32:Action Painting (album)
4723:Abstract expressionism
4585:Illuminated manuscript
4233:The Designers Republic
4183:Neue Slowenische Kunst
4106:Pattern and Decoration
4006:Institutional critique
3646:Abstract expressionism
2626:Latin American Baroque
2582:Colonial Asian Baroque
1510:Abstract expressionism
1033:www.artmovements.co.uk
472:Tenth Street galleries
457:Abstract Expressionism
187:and more specifically
63:abstract expressionism
59:abstract expressionism
4223:Artist-run initiative
4198:Young British Artists
4163:New European Painting
4099:Moscow Conceptualists
4021:Feminist art movement
3799:Ukrainian underground
3774:Gutai Art Association
3173:Ten American Painters
2677:Western influence in
1654:List of art movements
662:10.1093/oxartj/kcr019
517:Boddy-Evans, Marion.
4033:Saqqakhaneh movement
3926:Chicano art movement
3794:Soviet Nonconformist
3600:Boston Expressionism
3583:Abstraction-Création
3401:Arbeitsrat für Kunst
3394:Cologne Progressives
3114:Art Nouveau in Milan
2917:Anglo-Japanese style
2893:National romanticism
2323:Fontainebleau School
2233:Northern Renaissance
2068:International Gothic
1450:Abstract photography
1368:Hrebeniak, Michael.
478:References and notes
42:gestural abstraction
40:, sometimes called "
18:Gestural abstraction
4733:Painting techniques
4568:Hierarchy of genres
4133:Saint Soleil School
4069:Post-conceptual art
4038:The Stars Art Group
3916:Black Arts Movement
3879:Neo-Dada Organizers
3680:Lyrical abstraction
3413:Australian tonalism
3086:California Tonalism
2758:Hudson River School
2561:Colonial Asian art
2301:English Renaissance
2250:Ghent–Bruges school
2238:Early Netherlandish
2150:Italian Renaissance
2063:Gothic art in Milan
1540:Organic abstraction
577:Rosenberg, Harold.
462:Lyrical abstraction
71:The New York School
4610:Landscape painting
4218:New Leipzig School
4158:Neo-conceptual art
3906:Art & Language
3901:Capitalist realism
3823:Florida Highwaymen
3759:Hard-edge painting
3573:Streamline Moderne
3534:Harlem Renaissance
3377:Novecento Italiano
3205:Deutscher Werkbund
3032:Post-Impressionism
2594:Latin American art
2398:Guild of Romanists
2260:German Renaissance
2255:Northern Mannerism
1475:Hard-edge painting
1352:Marika Herskovic,
1336:Marika Herskovic,
1315:Rosenberg, Harold
1057:artasiapacific.com
650:Oxford Art Journal
366:Conrad Marca-Relli
276:Frank Avray Wilson
201:self-consciousness
170:Historical context
4700:
4699:
4482:
4481:
4338:Corporate Memphis
4291:Classical Realism
4261:Amazonian pop art
4153:Appropriation art
4121:Neo-expressionism
3991:Environmental art
3896:Nouvelle tendance
3613:
3612:
3561:Socialist realism
3418:Dresden Secession
3037:Neo-Impressionism
3000:Decadent movement
2971:Heidelberg School
2865:
2864:
2763:American luminism
2748:Düsseldorf School
2743:Shoreham Ancients
2733:Nazarene movement
2723:Danish Golden Age
2604:Indochristian art
2282:Antwerp Mannerism
2171:Pittura infamante
2165:Florentine School
2160:Proto-Renaissance
1602:
1601:
1520:All-over painting
1225:The Brooklyn Rail
985:www.perlefine.com
946:www.dekooning.org
920:Genders 1998-2013
891:lorettahoward.com
817:Whitford Fine Art
674:Andreas Neufert,
447:Abstract Imagists
301:Willem de Kooning
296:Elaine de Kooning
250:subconscious mind
193:quantum mechanics
177:post-World War II
112:quantum mechanics
105:exile-surrealist
99:Clement Greenberg
95:Willem de Kooning
44:", is a style of
27:Style of painting
16:(Redirected from
4745:
4690:
4689:
4674:Western painting
4620:Modern sculpture
4578:History painting
4281:Art intervention
4074:Installation art
3891:Nouveau réalisme
3631:
3630:
3605:Leningrad School
3497:Mexican muralism
3470:Grosvenor School
3210:American Realism
3193:Der Blaue Reiter
3151:Berlin Secession
3146:Vienna Secession
3141:Munich Secession
3059:Pont-Aven School
2878:
2877:
2728:Troubadour style
2706:(c. 1770 – 1862)
2673:Qing handicrafts
2639:Western elements
2570:Letras y figuras
2543:African-American
2538:African diaspora
2509:Directoire style
2420:Heptanese school
2403:Dutch Golden Age
2388:Stroganov School
2381:Lutheran Baroque
2376:Louis XIII style
2349:Baroque in Milan
2211:Bolognese School
2206:High Renaissance
2189:Forlivese School
2184:Ferrarese School
1907:Migration Period
1671:
1670:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1606:
1605:
1592:
1591:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1309:
1308:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1121:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1089:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1059:. Archived from
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1001:
995:
994:
992:
991:
976:
970:
969:
962:
956:
955:
953:
952:
937:
931:
930:
928:
927:
912:
906:
905:
903:
902:
893:. Archived from
883:
877:
876:
874:
873:
858:
852:
851:
849:
848:
833:
827:
826:
824:
823:
809:
803:
802:
800:
799:
785:
779:
778:
768:
758:
734:
728:
727:
725:
724:
713:
707:
706:
699:American Scholar
690:
679:
672:
666:
665:
645:
639:
638:
636:
635:
621:
612:
605:
599:
598:
596:
594:
574:
568:
567:
565:
564:
550:
539:
538:
536:
534:
529:on 12 March 2007
514:
505:
504:
502:
501:
487:
408:Action Painting
321:Michael Goldberg
226:'s ideas of the
160:Installation art
78:Harold Rosenberg
21:
4753:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4678:
4595:Interactive art
4478:
4452:SoFlo Superflat
4377:Kitsch movement
4301:Africanfuturism
4253:
4247:
4126:Transavantgarde
4057:
4011:Light and Space
3996:Performance art
3976:Psychedelic art
3859:Nueva Presencia
3849:Otra Figuración
3837:
3769:Les Plasticiens
3754:New York School
3732:Action painting
3717:Metcalf Chateau
3626:
3621:
3609:
3529:Cercle et Carré
3465:New Objectivity
3372:Return to order
3314:School of Paris
3292:
3136:School of Paris
3097:
2983:Arts and Crafts
2888:Neo-romanticism
2873:
2861:
2857:Etching revival
2809:Barbizon school
2753:Pre-Raphaelites
2705:
2702:
2695:
2638:
2632:
2525:
2499:Louis XVI style
2441:
2430:Louis XIV style
2393:Animal painting
2354:Flemish Baroque
2332:
2243:World landscape
2194:Venetian School
2136:
2123:Majorcan school
2090:Novgorod School
2080:Lucchese School
2052:Opus Anglicanum
2044:Norman-Sicilian
1988:Italo-Byzantine
1888:Early Christian
1869:
1853:Pompeian Styles
1666:
1660:
1647:
1633:
1603:
1598:
1580:
1549:
1515:Action painting
1501:
1494:
1441:
1434:
1429:
1387:Elaine Hamilton
1379:
1312:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1278:
1276:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1254:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1230:
1228:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1205:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1181:
1179:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1157:
1155:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1133:
1131:
1124:The Independent
1116:
1115:
1111:
1102:
1100:
1091:
1090:
1075:
1066:
1064:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1037:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1013:
1011:
1003:
1002:
998:
989:
987:
977:
973:
964:
963:
959:
950:
948:
940:exhibit-E.com.
938:
934:
925:
923:
914:
913:
909:
900:
898:
885:
884:
880:
871:
869:
859:
855:
846:
844:
835:
834:
830:
821:
819:
811:
810:
806:
797:
795:
787:
786:
782:
735:
731:
722:
720:
715:
714:
710:
691:
682:
673:
669:
646:
642:
633:
631:
623:
622:
615:
606:
602:
592:
590:
575:
571:
562:
560:
552:
551:
542:
532:
530:
515:
508:
499:
497:
489:
488:
484:
480:
452:New York School
428:
405:
400:
381:Jackson Pollock
371:Georges Mathieu
266:
216:Action painting
203:and awareness.
172:
156:Performance art
132:Jackson Pollock
107:Wolfgang Paalen
87:Jackson Pollock
82:New York School
55:
38:Action painting
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4751:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4625:Late modernism
4622:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4573:Genre painting
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4523:
4521:Ballets Russes
4518:
4513:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4504:Asemic writing
4496:
4494:History of art
4490:
4488:
4487:Related topics
4484:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4422:Relational art
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4345:Hypermodernism
4342:
4341:
4340:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4257:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4091:
4086:
4084:Postminimalism
4081:
4076:
4071:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3961:Generative art
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3931:Conceptual art
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3828:Cybernetic art
3825:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3816:Ultra-Lettrist
3813:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3690:Arte Informale
3687:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3628:
3627:(1945–present)
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3556:Heroic realism
3553:
3552:
3551:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3490:Latin American
3487:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3460:Group of Seven
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3430:
3425:
3423:Social realism
3420:
3415:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3406:November Group
3398:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3369:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3329:Latin American
3324:Constructivism
3321:
3319:Crystal Cubism
3316:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3248:
3243:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3029:
3024:
3022:Volcano School
3019:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2884:
2882:
2875:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2811:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2784:
2779:
2777:Norwich School
2774:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2718:Fairy painting
2709:
2707:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2642:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2609:Chilote School
2601:
2599:Casta painting
2591:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2575:Tipos del País
2572:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2545:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2463:Louis XV style
2460:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2356:
2351:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2265:Cologne School
2257:
2252:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2162:
2146:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2125:
2120:
2118:Italian school
2109:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2100:Sienese School
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2055:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2010:Pre-Romanesque
2007:
2002:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1946:
1941:
1939:Donor portrait
1936:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1848:Julio-Claudian
1845:
1840:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1797:Greco-Buddhist
1789:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1737:Protogeometric
1734:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1679:
1677:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1609:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1460:Constructivism
1457:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1436:
1435:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1397:—YouTube video
1390:
1378:
1377:External links
1375:
1374:
1373:
1366:
1350:
1334:
1327:
1311:
1310:
1285:
1274:www.artnet.com
1261:
1237:
1212:
1201:www.artnet.com
1188:
1164:
1140:
1126:. 2008-12-08.
1109:
1073:
1044:
1020:
996:
971:
957:
932:
907:
878:
853:
828:
804:
780:
729:
708:
680:
667:
656:(2): 227–246.
640:
613:
600:
569:
540:
506:
481:
479:
476:
475:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
427:
424:
423:
422:
421:
420:
414:
413:
412:
404:
401:
399:
398:
393:
391:Joe Stefanelli
388:
386:Milton Resnick
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
341:Grace Hartigan
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
291:Nicolas Carone
288:
283:
278:
273:
267:
265:
262:
197:psychoanalysis
171:
168:
124:Barnett Newman
54:
51:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4750:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4693:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4558:Fantastic art
4556:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4526:Christian art
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4485:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4427:Skeuomorphism
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4387:Massurrealism
4385:
4383:
4382:Lightpainting
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4366:
4365:Post-Internet
4363:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4250:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4238:Grunge design
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4193:Retrofuturism
4191:
4189:
4188:Scratch video
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4173:Memphis Group
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4148:Telematic art
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4138:Guerrilla art
4136:
4134:
4131:
4127:
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4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
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4089:Endurance art
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3750:
3749:New media art
3747:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3727:Nanyang Style
3725:
3723:
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3698:
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3682:
3681:
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3668:
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3660:
3659:
3658:Visionary art
3656:
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3649:
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3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
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3524:Scuola Romana
3522:
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3510:
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3500:
3498:
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3456:
3453:
3451:
3450:Anthropophagy
3448:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3433:Functionalism
3431:
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3426:
3424:
3421:
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3416:
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3411:
3407:
3404:
3403:
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3378:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3353:Neoplasticism
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3322:
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3307:
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3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3256:Cubo-Futurism
3254:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3215:Ashcan School
3213:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3183:Expressionism
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3168:Mir iskusstva
3166:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
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3119:
3115:
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3111:
3110:
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3016:
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3008:
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2989:
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2984:
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2979:
2976:
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2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2954:Boston School
2952:
2950:
2949:Hoosier Group
2947:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2939:Impressionism
2937:
2935:
2934:Peredvizhniki
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2924:Beuron School
2922:
2918:
2915:
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2908:
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2903:
2901:
2898:
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2876:
2872:
2868:
2858:
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2851:
2848:
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2841:
2840:
2839:
2838:Munich School
2836:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2821:
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2817:
2815:
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2810:
2807:
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2649:
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2637:Art borrowing
2635:
2627:
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2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
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2600:
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2587:Company style
2585:
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2505:
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2500:
2497:
2495:
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2490:
2489:
2488:
2487:Neoclassicism
2485:
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2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2313:Cretan School
2311:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2270:Danube school
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
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2248:
2244:
2241:
2240:
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2209:
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2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
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1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1747:Orientalizing
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1732:Sub-Mycenaean
1730:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1721:
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1703:
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1684:
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1676:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1646:art movements
1645:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1595:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1576:Expressionism
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1530:Drip painting
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
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1507:
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1503:
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1412:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1364:0-9677994-0-6
1361:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1348:0-9677994-1-4
1345:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1332:
1329:Wills, Garry
1328:
1326:
1325:0-8369-2127-5
1322:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1227:. 7 June 2008
1226:
1222:
1216:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1154:
1153:The Art Story
1150:
1144:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1113:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1063:on 2018-05-04
1062:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1010:
1006:
1000:
986:
982:
975:
967:
961:
947:
943:
936:
921:
917:
911:
897:on 2018-05-04
896:
892:
888:
882:
868:
864:
857:
842:
838:
832:
818:
814:
808:
794:
790:
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748:
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700:
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689:
687:
685:
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671:
663:
659:
655:
651:
644:
630:
629:www.artsy.net
626:
620:
618:
610:
604:
589:on 2016-04-10
588:
584:
582:
573:
559:
555:
549:
547:
545:
528:
524:
522:
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511:
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417:
415:
410:
409:
407:
406:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
376:Joan Mitchell
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
361:Alfred Leslie
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
336:Philip Guston
334:
332:
331:Ismail Gulgee
329:
327:
326:William Green
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
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243:
238:
234:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
189:New York City
186:
182:
181:expressionism
178:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
139:
137:
133:
129:
128:Isamu Noguchi
125:
121:
120:Martha Graham
117:
113:
108:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
83:
79:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
50:
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
4668:Trompe-l'œil
4666:
4637:Outsider art
4590:Illustration
4546:Lutheran art
4536:Catholic art
4499:Abstract art
4469:Unilalianism
4432:Software art
4407:Neosymbolism
4397:Neo-futurism
4360:Internet art
4350:Hyperrealism
4203:Superfiction
3986:Photorealism
3854:Afrofuturism
3731:
3619:Contemporary
3595:Dimensionism
3578:Concrete art
3511:
3507:Precisionism
3357:
3304:Sosaku-hanga
3278:Productivism
3268:Metaphysical
3238:
3227:Proto-Cubism
3131:Secessionism
3093:Costumbrismo
2978:Aestheticism
2929:Hague School
2909:
2833:Academic art
2814:Costumbrismo
2782:Empire style
2619:Quito School
2614:Cusco School
2530:Colonial art
2491:
2479:Fête galante
2477:
2446:18th century
2408:Delft School
2359:Caravaggisti
2337:17th century
2222:
2179:Quattrocento
2169:
2127:
2050:
1953:
1883:Late antique
1767:Severe style
1757:Black-figure
1644:Contemporary
1554:Predecessors
1514:
1455:Concrete art
1432:Abstract art
1393:
1369:
1354:
1338:
1330:
1316:
1304:
1300:
1277:. Retrieved
1273:
1264:
1253:. Retrieved
1249:
1240:
1229:. Retrieved
1224:
1215:
1204:. Retrieved
1200:
1191:
1180:. Retrieved
1176:
1167:
1156:. Retrieved
1152:
1143:
1132:. Retrieved
1123:
1112:
1101:. Retrieved
1099:. 2012-02-22
1096:
1065:. Retrieved
1061:the original
1056:
1047:
1036:. Retrieved
1032:
1029:"Action Art"
1023:
1012:. Retrieved
1008:
999:
988:. Retrieved
984:
974:
960:
949:. Retrieved
945:
935:
924:. Retrieved
922:. 2003-09-01
919:
910:
899:. Retrieved
895:the original
890:
881:
870:. Retrieved
866:
856:
845:. Retrieved
843:. 2016-06-08
840:
831:
820:. Retrieved
816:
807:
796:. Retrieved
792:
783:
746:
742:
732:
721:. Retrieved
711:
702:
698:
675:
670:
653:
649:
643:
632:. Retrieved
628:
608:
603:
591:. Retrieved
587:the original
580:
572:
561:. Retrieved
557:
531:. Retrieved
527:the original
520:
498:. Retrieved
494:
485:
437:Michel Tapié
396:Jack Tworkov
351:Albert Kotin
286:James Brooks
281:Norman Bluhm
271:Ana Hatherly
258:André Masson
244:emphasis on
228:subconscious
215:
205:
173:
140:
115:
103:
75:
56:
41:
37:
36:
4738:Western art
4553:Digital art
4516:Avant-garde
4457:Superstroke
4333:Flat design
4328:Fictive art
4323:Excessivism
4271:Art for art
4266:Altermodern
4208:Taring Padi
4143:Lowbrow art
4111:Pliontanism
4048:Yoru no Kai
4001:Process art
3941:Systems art
3911:Arte Povera
3833:Antipodeans
3742:in New York
3712:Jikken Kōbō
3675:Color field
3544:Regionalism
3513:Aeropittura
3502:Neo-Fauvism
3475:Neues Sehen
3445:Kinetic art
3309:Suprematism
3283:Synchromism
3200:Noucentisme
3121:Primitivism
3109:Art Nouveau
3064:Cloisonnism
3054:Pointillism
3049:Divisionism
3027:Incoherents
2988:Art pottery
2874:(1863–1944)
2824:Macchiaioli
2799:Biedermeier
2787:Historicism
2772:Orientalism
2713:Romanticism
2684:Akita ranga
2536:Art of the
2521:Picturesque
2473:Chinoiserie
2468:Frederician
2306:Tudor court
2201:Cinquecento
2142:Renaissance
2129:Mappa mundi
2113:cartography
2005:Carolingian
2000:Merovingian
1983:Palaeologan
1955:Repoblación
1912:Anglo-Saxon
1843:Gallo-Roman
1782:Hellenistic
1777:Kerch style
1715:Minyan ware
1525:Color Field
1502:abstraction
1490:Suprematism
1470:Fractal art
1442:abstraction
1301:Art Journal
861:Exhibit-E.
841:artnet News
719:(in German)
609:Art History
442:Gutai group
403:Exhibitions
356:Lee Krasner
346:Franz Kline
316:Sam Francis
306:John Ferren
136:Mark Rothko
91:Franz Kline
4713:Modern art
4707:Categories
4600:Jewish art
4412:Passionism
4372:iPhone art
4318:Cyborg art
4313:Crypto art
4286:Brandalism
4178:Cyberdelic
4043:Tropicália
4016:Street art
3971:Intermedia
3951:Minimalism
3670:Spatialism
3624:Postmodern
3480:Surrealism
3348:Shin-hanga
3188:Die Brücke
3156:Sonderbund
3069:Synthetism
2792:Revivalism
2701:Transition
2658:Manichaean
2504:Adam style
2425:Classicism
2364:in Utrecht
2292:Still life
2022:Romanesque
1978:Macedonian
1973:Iconoclast
1932:Visigothic
1838:Republican
1792:Indo-Greek
1762:Red-figure
1480:Minimalism
1440:Geometric
1279:2018-05-04
1255:2018-05-04
1231:2018-05-04
1206:2018-05-04
1182:2018-05-04
1158:2018-05-04
1134:2018-05-04
1103:2018-05-04
1067:2018-05-04
1038:2018-05-04
1014:2018-05-04
990:2018-05-04
951:2018-05-04
926:2018-05-04
901:2018-05-04
872:2018-05-04
847:2018-05-04
822:2018-05-04
798:2021-11-09
723:2021-10-06
634:2018-05-04
563:2018-05-04
500:2018-05-04
311:Perle Fine
246:automatism
242:surrealist
237:archetypal
152:Conceptual
144:Happenings
53:Background
4662:Shock art
4652:Queer art
4632:Naïve art
4615:Modernism
4447:Superflat
4437:Sound art
4417:Post-YBAs
4402:Neomodern
4243:Verdadism
4213:Superflat
4062:1970–1999
4026:in the US
3946:Video art
3869:Happening
3842:1960–1969
3634:1945–1959
3297:1915–1944
3288:Vorticism
3240:A Nyolcak
3102:1900–1914
3074:Les Nabis
3005:Symbolism
2961:Amsterdam
2911:Japonisme
2881:1863–1899
2843:in Greece
2703:to modern
2548:Caribbean
2493:Goût grec
2415:Capriccio
2369:Tenebrism
2318:Turquerie
2216:Mannerism
2111:Medieval
1968:Byzantine
1949:Mozarabic
1900:Ethiopian
1804:Neo-Attic
1787:"Baroque"
1772:Classical
1742:Geometric
1720:Mycenaean
1667:(Western)
1665:Premodern
1636:Premodern
593:20 August
533:20 August
495:ThoughtCo
254:Joan Miró
208:Kandinsky
164:Earth Art
116:Totem Art
4692:Category
4642:Portrait
4563:Folk art
4511:Anti-art
4442:Stuckism
4355:Idea art
4276:Art game
4228:Artivism
4116:Punk art
4094:Sots Art
4079:Artscene
3936:Land art
3874:Neo-Dada
3806:Lettrism
3700:Nuagisme
3685:Tachisme
3566:Nazi art
3359:De Stijl
3273:Rayonism
3263:Art Deco
3251:Futurism
3042:Luminism
3010:Romanian
2995:Tonalism
2966:Canadian
2944:American
2850:Neo-Grec
2458:Rocaille
2287:Romanism
2221:Counter-
2155:Trecento
2095:Duecento
2085:Crusades
2017:Ottonian
1995:Frankish
1875:Medieval
1858:Trajanic
1818:Scythian
1813:Etruscan
1705:Cycladic
1683:Thracian
1594:Category
1571:Futurism
1545:Tachisme
1535:Nuagisme
1500:Lyrical
1465:De Stijl
1177:IdeelArt
1128:Archived
1009:IdeelArt
775:31736728
432:Tachisme
426:See also
233:primeval
212:Mondrian
67:tachisme
46:painting
4657:Realism
4254:present
3981:Nut Art
3784:Pop art
3722:Mono-ha
3590:The Ten
3539:Kapists
3485:Iranian
3438:Bauhaus
3232:Orphism
3178:Fauvism
3015:Russian
2905:Nihonga
2819:Verismo
2804:Realism
2738:Purismo
2651:Moorish
2646:Islamic
2553:Haitian
2344:Baroque
2223:Maniera
2107:Mudéjar
2032:Spanish
1944:Pictish
1927:Lombard
1922:Insular
1863:Severan
1828:Gaulish
1823:Iberian
1752:Archaic
1695:Nuragic
1675:Ancient
1658:periods
1566:Fauvism
1250:Artlyst
766:6834646
749:: 378.
185:America
4605:Kitsch
4464:Toyism
3956:Fluxus
3886:Op art
3455:Mingei
3389:Stupid
3367:Purism
3222:Cubism
2871:Modern
2663:Mughal
2453:Rococo
2058:Gothic
2039:Norman
1963:Viking
1917:Hunnic
1895:Coptic
1710:Minoan
1700:Aegean
1688:Dacian
1640:Modern
1561:Cubism
1485:Op art
1362:
1346:
1333:(1994)
1323:
773:
763:
148:Fluxus
4252:2000–
3695:COBRA
2689:Uki-e
2679:Japan
2668:Qajar
2027:Mosan
1833:Roman
1727:Greek
224:Freud
4541:Icon
3864:ZERO
3622:and
3519:Asso
3343:Dada
2900:Yōga
1642:and
1360:ISBN
1344:ISBN
1321:ISBN
771:PMID
595:2006
535:2006
256:and
222:and
220:Jung
210:and
195:and
162:and
146:and
134:and
93:and
1385:by
761:PMC
751:doi
658:doi
260:.
183:in
150:to
4709::
1638:,
1305:67
1303:.
1299:.
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1272:.
1248:.
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