404:
party is the propagation, popularization, and development of German education, culture, art, and language in Poland. In addition, German
Minority advocates for real social acceptance of multiculturalism and respecting and realizing the rights of national minorities, especially in education. Economically, the party states its commitment to welfare state and an economy based on Christian values, giving special importance to values of solidarity and justice. An important element in the functioning of the state according to the German Minority was integration into the European Union and the development of Polish-German cooperation - as such, the party supported Polish entrance in the European Union.
415:, which "could become a representation of the German population" in addition to German Minority. Wojtaszczyk found that the performance of Polish People's Party was particularly weak in areas with significant German minority, concluding that German Minority is ideologically similar to that party, with the main difference being that German Minority appeals specifically to the interests of German population, while PSL promotes purely Polish slogans. However, the electorate of German Minority mainly consists of older people, with many young Germans in Poland either emigrating or voting for Polish parties.
460:
family counselling centres and the church. The party believes that "the region is the right place to create health policy" and advocates for a heavily decentralised healthcare system that would focus on "equalisation of opportunities for regional operators". The party also calls for a high increase of salaries for teacher and healthcare workers, and believes that public facilities need to be modernised in order to be more accessible for the disabled and seniors. German
Minority also calls for free public transportation.
275:
38:
396:, where it gained more than 132 000 valid votes nationwide, equating to 1.18 %. The party also included representatives of other Polish minorities on its lists — Lemkos, Roma, Belarusians and Karaites. In its programme, the party emphasized regulating the status of all Germans in Poland, specifically advocating for the Law on National Minorities. The party also emphasized the desire for consensual and peaceful coexistence between Germans and Poles, support for the development of a
287:
928:"Despite the loss of our representative in the Polish Parliament, we firmly believe that the change that has taken place in the proportions of votes in the Sejm will bring about a democratisation of social life, an improvement in many fundamental pillars of the state and a return to elementary social dialogue." Political commentators attributed the loss of German seat to declining German population in Poland, "brutal atmosphere" of the campaign, and the very high turnout.
384:(70%) and Roman Catholic (90%). While homogenous culturally, the German society is facing significant political divisions, as well as declining numbers — young Polish Germans, increasingly better educated and holding German citizenship in addition to the Polish one, are leaving for more economically developed Germany in search of better living conditions. Germans in Poland also value their regional identity over the national one, which leads some of them to identify as
1557:
840:
719:
628:
597:
566:
810:
780:
750:
689:
659:
439:). The party describes itself as based on Christian values, writing: "The community of the German Minority is made up of people with Christian roots, so our activities are based on Christian values. Through its activity based on Christian democratic values, the German minority seeks to bring about a strengthening of such fundamental values as freedom, solidarity and justice."
443:
without justice". As such, the party believes that Poland has an obligation to uphold equal rights for all, particularly caring for the needs of weak and small social groups. According to German
Minority, the solidarity of the German community in Silesia can be preserved through cultivating and upholding its tradition, especially the
403:
German
Minority emerged as the only major minority electoral committee running in Polish parliamentary elections since 1991. It is characterized by strong regionalism, with the problems of the Opole region and its population forming the basis of the committee's programme. One of the main goals of the
927:
In 2023, the list got 5.37% of valid votes in the Opole constituency and for the first time won no seats. This means that for the first time since 1990, the German minority had no political representation in the Polish Sejm. Following the loss of their single seat, German
Minority wrote a statement:
459:
In regards to economy, the party calls for building a system of equal opportunities, especially for the "weakest individuals in society". To this end, German
Minority wants free, state-financed kindergarten and greater financial support for family welfare institutions such as social welfare centres,
442:
German
Minority puts heavy emphasis on solidarity and corporatism in its program, stressing the importance of fostering a community in contrast to individualism. The party stresses that while everyone has the right to coexist, one "is also obliged to be in solidarity" and that "there is no freedom
383:
where
Germans make up more than 20% of the population. Germans are the largest minority group in Poland — according to the 2002 census, there were 152,897 Germans in Poland, and almost all of them (140 000) were located in Upper Silesia. The German minority in Poland is also overwhelmingly rural
494:. Polish political scientist Andrzej Szczepański found that the voter profile of the German Minority Electoral Committee is typical of a party of the left, particularly similar to the Democratic Left Alliance. It was also compared to left-wing Polish agrarian parties such as
447:
language. In addition, the party calls for a great decentralisation of Poland and empowerment of the local governments, especially in the regards to finances; German
Minority calls for local authorities to be given a bigger share of revenue from
889:(7,897 votes), lost his seat and announced his resignation from the chairmanship of the Social-Cultural Association of Germans in Silesian Opole, whose delegates are due to elect a new president early 2008. The 3 candidate list for the
391:
After 1989, several groups aiming to represent German minority interests in Poland had emerged, but German
Minority Electoral Committee became the most successful formation. The party first participated in the
345:, but an organization by which Poland's political system gives political representation to national minorities. Candidates of the German minority are proposed by the Social-Cultural Association of Germans in
884:
and had announced the rise from 2 to 3 seats as an electoral goal early in September, thanks to the personal votes of local mayors who were supposed to reinforce the list. The second former Sejm deputy,
470:
Increasing the quality of German language teaching in Polish schools, including German as a national minority language, and supporting and developing mechanisms to support bilingual education;
2511:
1520:
379:, which trace their history back to when the area was a part of Germany or its predecessor states from the late Middle Ages until the 1940s, and there are 19 counties of
2533:
2491:
1461:
467:
Preservation of the traditions, identity and culture of Silesian Germans and guaranteeing legal and financial mechanisms for the cultivation of this heritage;
2183:
2986:
2526:
1542:
479:
Cultivation of sustainable and balanced development Silesia in regards to the rest of Poland, especially in matters of infrastructure and health care;
3070:
2991:
2496:
2665:
2637:
2521:
2102:
3040:
3060:
2805:
476:
Additional privileges and development of self-government, transferring as much power as possible to the local authorities and self-governments;
2648:
1550:
2501:
2112:
3055:
3009:
2872:
2708:
2680:
2137:
136:
2623:
2261:
2157:
3045:
2825:
2697:
2571:
3035:
2862:
2228:
2058:
1960:
1953:
1717:
1535:
495:
408:
2795:
2372:
2117:
1272:
2758:
2773:
2714:
2692:
2654:
2558:
2352:
1551:
1209:
342:
258:
1369:
3050:
2815:
2367:
2310:
881:
861:
817:
787:
757:
727:
696:
666:
636:
605:
574:
543:
393:
335:
291:
2917:
2702:
2587:
2553:
2516:
2469:
2457:
2403:
2208:
1972:
1736:
1597:
1528:
1492:
1306:
491:
1183:
Zachowania wyborcze wybranych mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych oraz grup regionalnych w Polsce w latach 2000-2011
1485:
A Minority Vote. Participation of the German and Belarusian Minorities within the Polish Political System 1989–1999
2897:
2582:
2266:
92:
2282:
2256:
2070:
2040:
155:
2810:
2435:
2213:
1435:
3065:
2922:
2877:
2738:
2660:
2430:
2250:
2162:
2127:
1371:
Being Polish/Becoming European:Gender and The Limits of Diffusion in Polish Accession to the European Union
1181:
81:
2933:
2820:
2785:
2732:
2617:
2397:
2188:
2080:
2050:
1842:
1080:
1060:
1040:
1020:
1000:
980:
960:
487:
400:, cooperation with neighboring countries and keeping all of the communist-era social welfare programmes.
2178:
2686:
2479:
2452:
2447:
2386:
2238:
2223:
2168:
1724:
132:
2847:
2800:
2719:
2630:
2440:
2362:
2330:
2152:
2097:
436:
327:
89:
463:
In 2019, the party outlined six political issues as particularly important for the German Minority:
2949:
2939:
2836:
2670:
2577:
2087:
1988:
1906:
1830:
1792:
1699:
1628:
1615:
894:
412:
127:
1189:(PhD thesis) (in Polish). Warsaw: Uniwersytet Warszawski Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych.
2954:
2927:
2912:
2768:
2675:
2564:
2418:
2244:
937:
904:
In 2011, the list got 8.76% of valid votes in the Opole constituency, and more than 20% in three
169:
3075:
2892:
2857:
2842:
2830:
2748:
2506:
2474:
2413:
2122:
1873:
97:
2907:
2902:
2763:
2753:
2425:
2391:
2272:
2147:
2142:
1931:
1879:
1767:
1578:
397:
105:
2960:
2725:
2463:
2408:
2233:
2132:
1447:
854:
358:
120:
37:
8:
2612:
2277:
2218:
2203:
2173:
1897:
1640:
263:
101:
3014:
2944:
2867:
2779:
2045:
1981:
1817:
511:
499:
253:
115:
1265:
Aktywność społeczno-polityczna mniejszości niemieckiej na Śląsku Opolskim po 1989 roku
338:, Galla lost his seat in the Sejm, leaving the party with no national representation.
2325:
2010:
2003:
1966:
1919:
1861:
1854:
1836:
1730:
1705:
1671:
1664:
1634:
1488:
1411:
1399:
1387:
1268:
1119:
909:
869:
850:
530:
486:
The party is placed on the left side of the Polish political spectrum, and after the
380:
346:
295:
286:
220:
205:
187:
1288:
510:
As an organisation representing a national minority, it is not required to pass the
2882:
2643:
2075:
2064:
2034:
1944:
1780:
1758:
1692:
1591:
890:
1423:
1144:
924:
was reelected as the sole MP from the German Minority with 11,794 personal votes.
3004:
2997:
2790:
2320:
1938:
1805:
1774:
1652:
1585:
917:
444:
432:
315:
307:
2287:
274:
2743:
2607:
1913:
1799:
1622:
1603:
898:
424:
1342:
355:
Wahlkomitee Sozial-Kulturelle Gesellschaft der Deutschen im Oppelner Schlesien
3029:
2966:
2485:
2193:
2107:
2092:
1867:
1677:
921:
877:
449:
376:
331:
279:
50:
2887:
2380:
1210:"Program Wyborczy KWW Mniejszość Niemiecka w wyborach parlamentarnych 2015"
913:
893:
didn't succeed in winning a single seat. According to the bilingual weekly
886:
45:
502:
and left-wing in the 2000s, although it moved to the right in late 2010s.
2198:
1994:
1824:
1744:
1685:
1462:"Mniejszość niemiecka traci reprezentację w polskim Sejmie po 33 latach"
1289:"DĂ©tail pays - Congress of Local and Regional Authorities - www.coe.int"
74:
1343:"Program Wyborczy KWW Mniejszość Niemiecka 2019: Opolskie ma Znaczenie"
1448:
Results of voting in 2023 elections for Sejm. Sejm Constituency no. 21
2357:
1510:
385:
1646:
1324:
2852:
897:, votes won by the German Minority list could have benefited the
428:
240:
1307:"Mniejszość niemiecka bez mandatu, po raz pierwszy od 1990 roku"
1556:
1241:
Aleksandra Kruk; Piotr Pochyły (2015). "Mniejszość Niemiecka".
905:
901:(PO), for whom 6,000 to 8,000 ethnic Germans would have voted.
323:
183:
498:
and the 2000s Polish People's Party (PSL). PSL was considered
473:
Support for young people, family values, and entrepreneurship.
364:
Towarzystwo Społeczno-Kulturalne Niemców Województwa Śląskiego
201:
69:
2309:
1240:
407:
Małgorzata Wojtaszczyk compared German Minority to agrarian
1569:
873:
865:
351:
Towarzystwo Społeczno-Kulturalne Niemców na Śląsku Opolskim
1400:
Engelbert MiĹ›, 21 Kandidaten fĂĽr den Sejm, 3 fĂĽr den Senat
453:
2512:
Polish Socialist Party – Freedom, Equality, Independence
2982:
italic font – electoral alliances and/or popular fronts
2534:
Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania
1552:
Political parties and political associations in Poland
423:
German Minority supports Polish integration with the
357:) and the Social-Cultural Association of Germans in
514:of 5% as standard political parties in Poland are.
1424:Election results »Poland» Sejm constituency no. 21
857:. The Opole list also won one seat in the Senate.
2184:Organisation of the Polish Nation – Polish League
1304:
3027:
2666:Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic
2522:Polish Socialist Party of the Prussian Partition
2103:Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic
1459:
1367:
2527:Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction
1436:Komitet Wyborczy Wyborców Mniejszość Niemiecka
1377:. University of Michigan Library. p. 167.
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
868:(Polish parliament) got 8.81% of the votes in
1536:
1258:
1256:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
282:(Opole Voivodeship and Silesian Voivodeship).
362:
2138:Jurassic-Silesian Association European Home
1335:
1267:. Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek. p. 179.
1262:
1193:
1179:
3001:****: not currently registered as a party
2806:Movement for the Republic – Patriotic Camp
1543:
1529:
1482:
1253:
1162:
849:In 1993, there were two lists, one in the
375:There is a significant German minority in
330:. Since 2008, its representative has been
2649:Centre Agreement – Integrative Initiative
2638:Catholic Electoral Committee "Fatherland"
2262:Social Movement of the Republic of Poland
2158:National Party of Retirees and Pensioners
2113:Edward Gierek's Economic Revival Movement
1300:
1298:
1142:
1115:
1113:
1111:
880:(8,193 votes). He had already won a seat
3071:Pro-European political parties in Poland
2681:Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action
285:
278:German Minority in the Polish region of
273:
2873:Polish Confederation – Dignity and Work
2826:Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms
2709:Democratic Left Alliance – Labour Union
2572:Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth
2497:Polish People's Party "Nowe Wyzwolenie"
170:Voivodeship Sejmik of Opole Voivodeship
3041:Christian democratic parties in Poland
3028:
2229:Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland
1368:Alexandra Gerber (15 September 2011).
1295:
1236:
1234:
1108:
409:Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland
3061:Political parties established in 1990
2796:Movement for Reconstruction of Poland
2624:Agreement for the Future – CenterLeft
2373:Communist Party of Western Belorussia
2118:Farmers from the Baltic to the Tatras
1524:
1414:, Schlesisches Wochenblatt 24/10/2007
1402:, Schlesisches Wochenblatt 19/09/2007
1390:, Schlesisches Wochenblatt 12/09/2007
1305:Marzena Ĺšmierciak (16 October 2023).
931:
505:
427:and the development of the region of
312:Komitet Wyborczy Mniejszość Niemiecka
290:Votes for the German Minority in the
29:Komitet Wyborczy Mniejszość Niemiecka
1460:Marek Szczepanik (16 October 2023).
431:, and argues for laws supportive of
2774:League of the Right of the Republic
2693:Confederation of Independent Poland
2559:Confederation of Independent Poland
1487:. Kraków: Zakład Wydawniczy NOMOS.
1231:
304:German Minority Electoral Committee
26:German Minority Electoral Committee
13:
3056:German political parties in Poland
2502:Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"
2368:Communist Party of Western Ukraine
1122:according to the 1975–1998 borders
394:1991 Polish parliamentary election
336:2023 Polish parliamentary election
14:
3087:
2918:Self-Defence of the Polish Nation
2739:Feminist Initiative/Women's Party
2554:Communist Party of Poland (Mijal)
2470:Polish Christian Democratic Party
2404:Christian Union of National Unity
2209:Polish Party of Animal Protection
1973:Confederation of the Polish Crown
1737:Confederation of the Polish Crown
1502:
482:Equal treatment of women and men.
1555:
1412:Nur Ryszard Galla bleibt im Sejm
1180:Wojtaszczyk, Małgorzata (2017).
839:
838:
808:
778:
748:
718:
717:
687:
657:
627:
626:
596:
595:
565:
564:
36:
2898:Polish Labour Party - August 80
2715:Democratic Party – demokraci.pl
2655:Centre Agreement – Polish Union
2363:Communist Party of Poland (KPP)
1476:
1453:
1450:, National Electoral Commission
1441:
1438:, National Electoral Commission
1429:
1426:, National Electoral Commission
1417:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1361:
1149:Parties and Elections in Europe
322:) is an electoral committee in
320:Wahlkomitee Deutsche Minderheit
68:6 Konopnickiej Street, 45-004,
3046:Conservative parties in Poland
2458:Polish-Catholic People's Party
1317:
1281:
1136:
809:
779:
749:
688:
658:
1:
3036:1990 establishments in Poland
2517:Polish Socialist Party – Left
2507:Polish Socialist Party (1892)
2492:Polish People's Party "Piast"
2436:National Radical Camp Falanga
1483:Rabagliati, Alastair (2001).
1263:Szczepański, Andrzej (2013).
1129:
370:
2923:Self-Defence Social Movement
2583:Polish United Workers' Party
2431:National Radical Camp (1934)
2251:Silesian Separatist Movement
2163:National Radical Camp (1993)
2128:First Self-Governance League
864:, the candidate list to the
862:2007 Parliamentary elections
418:
16:Minority committee in Poland
7:
2934:Solidarity Electoral Action
2821:National Self-Defence Front
2816:National Party "Fatherland"
2786:Liberal Democratic Congress
2698:Conservative People's Party
2618:Alternative Social Movement
2081:Union of Christian Families
2051:Agreement (political party)
1843:Union of European Democrats
1143:Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019).
872:, and only one seat in the
490:it formed a coalition with
488:2002 Polish local elections
73:3 Wczasowa Street, 47-400,
10:
3092:
2863:People's National Movement
2687:Coalition for the Republic
2239:Silesian Autonomy Movement
2224:Right Wing of the Republic
2169:National Revival of Poland
1388:Kampf um drei Sejm-Mandate
3051:German diaspora in Poland
3010:List of political parties
2979:
2878:Polish Beer-Lovers' Party
2801:Movement for the Republic
2631:Catholic Electoral Action
2600:
2546:
2441:National Radical Camp ABC
2343:
2302:
2153:League of Polish Families
2022:
1894:
1754:
1565:
437:German minority in Poland
249:
238:
233:
218:
200:
182:
168:
154:
143:
126:
114:
80:
64:
56:
44:
35:
23:
2703:Democratic Left Alliance
2671:Christian National Union
2179:Bezpartyjni SamorzÄ…dowcy
2088:United Beyond Boundaries
1101:
895:Schlesisches Wochenblatt
492:Democratic Left Alliance
28:
2955:Third Republic Movement
2928:Social Justice Movement
2769:League and Self-Defense
2676:Christian-Peasant Party
2565:Front of National Unity
2453:National Workers' Party
2448:National People's Union
2353:Catholic People's Party
2245:Silesian Regional Party
1243:Przegląd Narodowościowy
938:Opole Regional Assembly
936:Local elections to the
341:It is not a registered
133:European People's Party
116:Political position
2893:Polish Reason of State
2843:Patriotic Self-Defence
2414:Popular National Union
2214:Polish Communist Party
2023:Other existing parties
1874:Polish Socialist Party
363:
354:
350:
319:
311:
299:
283:
2903:Polish National Party
2811:National Party (1989)
2764:Labour Party (Poland)
2754:Initiative for Poland
2588:United People's Party
2578:Polish Workers' Party
2426:National Radical Camp
2392:Labour Faction (1937)
2257:Socialist Alternative
2143:Kashubian Association
2041:Alliance of Democrats
1989:Polish People's Party
1831:Polish People's Party
1700:Polish People's Party
413:Polish People's Party
398:social market economy
326:which represents the
289:
277:
106:Social market economy
2464:Polish Catholic Bloc
2409:Camp of Great Poland
2234:Self-Defence Rebirth
2133:Freedom and Equality
1347:Mniejszość Niemiecka
1217:Mniejszość Niemiecka
855:Katowice Voivodeship
435:(in particular, the
388:rather than German.
359:Silesian Voivodeship
128:European affiliation
3066:Regionalist parties
2858:Peasants' Agreement
2661:Christian Democracy
2613:Alliance for Poland
2278:There is One Poland
2219:Real Politics Union
2204:Polish Pirate Party
2174:New Democracy - Yes
2027:political movements
1898:European Parliament
1658:Independents (15)**
1329:dfkschlesien.vdg.pl
1249:. Zielona GĂłra: 77.
241:mniejszoscniemiecka
102:Christian democracy
3015:Politics of Poland
2945:The Poor of Poland
2868:Poland Comes First
2780:Left and Democrats
2733:European Coalition
2398:National Democracy
2283:Workers' Democracy
2046:Silesians Together
1895:Represented in the
1818:Third Way (Poland)
1711:Independent (1)***
932:Regional elections
512:election threshold
506:National elections
500:agrarian socialist
300:
284:
254:Politics of Poland
93:minority interests
3023:
3022:
2975:
2974:
2596:
2595:
2542:
2541:
2339:
2338:
2311:Polish–Lithuanian
1920:Polish Initiative
1837:Centre for Poland
1725:National Movement
1706:Centre for Poland
1635:Polish Initiative
1274:978-83-7780-395-0
1120:Opole Voivodeship
1099:
1098:
910:Krapkowice County
870:Opole Voivodeship
851:Opole Voivodeship
847:
846:
381:Opole Voivodeship
349:Silesia (Polish:
296:Opole Voivodeship
272:
271:
259:Political parties
3083:
2987:Zbigniew Ajchler
2883:Poland Fair Play
2848:Party of Regions
2720:Democratic Union
2644:Centre Agreement
2598:
2597:
2544:
2543:
2387:Labor Party (PP)
2341:
2340:
2307:
2306:
2098:Civic Initiative
2076:Party of Drivers
2065:All-Polish Youth
2035:Polish Coalition
1925:Independents (3)
1887:Independents (4)
1811:Independents (4)
1786:Independents (4)
1781:Sovereign Poland
1693:Polish Coalition
1609:Independent (2)*
1592:Sovereign Poland
1560:
1559:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:Official website
1498:
1470:
1469:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1238:
1229:
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40:
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3026:
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3005:Portal:Politics
3000:
2998:Marek Biernacki
2995:
2992:Piotr Adamowicz
2989:
2984:
2971:
2950:The Republicans
2837:Social Alliance
2791:Libertas Poland
2592:
2538:
2345:
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2321:Patriotic Party
2312:
2303:Defunct parties
2298:
2293:German Minority
2189:Peasants' Party
2071:National League
2026:
2024:
2018:
1939:Law and Justice
1907:Civic Coalition
1896:
1890:
1848:Independent (1)
1806:Yes! For Poland
1793:Civic Coalition
1775:Law and Justice
1756:
1750:
1653:Yes! For Poland
1616:Civic Coalition
1586:Law and Justice
1567:
1561:
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918:Strzelce County
835:
832:
805:
802:
775:
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745:
742:
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711:
684:
681:
654:
651:
623:
620:
592:
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445:Silesian German
433:minority groups
421:
373:
343:political party
328:German minority
268:
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2913:Right Alliance
2910:
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2744:Forward Poland
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2608:Ancestral Home
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2480:People's Party
2477:
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2460:
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2419:National Party
2416:
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2394:
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2377:
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2349:
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2346:inter-war eras
2337:
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2326:Hetmans' Party
2323:
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1992:
1978:
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1970:
1964:
1950:
1949:
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1914:Civic Platform
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1800:Civic Platform
1789:
1788:
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1778:
1763:
1761:
1755:Represented in
1752:
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1623:Civic Platform
1612:
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1604:Polish Affairs
1601:
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1589:
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1566:Represented in
1563:
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1503:External links
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1311:radio.opole.pl
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292:2007 elections
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3076:Upper Silesia
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2999:
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2967:Your Movement
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2799:
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2777:
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2762:
2760:
2759:Initiative RP
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2749:Freedom Union
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2728:
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2723:
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2718:
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2573:
2569:
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2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
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2547:Communist era
2545:
2535:
2532:
2528:
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2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
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2510:
2509:
2508:
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2500:
2498:
2495:
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2490:
2488:
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2486:Polish Centre
2483:
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2478:
2476:
2475:Peasant Party
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
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2459:
2456:
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2331:Familia Party
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
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2316:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2294:
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2197:
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2194:Piast Faction
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2172:
2170:
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2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2108:Common Powiat
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2093:Better Poland
2091:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2061:
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2059:Confederation
2056:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2021:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1961:Confederation
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1954:Confederation
1951:
1946:
1945:United Poland
1943:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1893:
1886:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1868:Left Together
1866:
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1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1852:
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1718:Confederation
1715:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1679:
1678:Left Together
1676:
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1245:(in Polish).
1244:
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1199:
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923:
922:Ryszard Galla
920:) out of 12.
919:
915:
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907:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
879:
878:Ryszard Galla
875:
871:
867:
863:
858:
856:
853:, one in the
852:
837:
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827:
824:
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797:
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612:
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451:
450:corporate tax
446:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
416:
414:
410:
405:
401:
399:
395:
389:
387:
382:
378:
377:Upper Silesia
368:
365:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
332:Ryszard Galla
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
297:
293:
288:
281:
280:Upper Silesia
276:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
251:
248:
244:
237:
232:
224:
222:
217:
209:
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191:
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173:
171:
167:
159:
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146:
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125:
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107:
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99:
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91:
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83:
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76:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
52:
51:Ryszard Galla
49:
47:
43:
39:
34:
22:
19:
2981:
2959:
2932:
2908:Reason Party
2888:Polish Union
2835:
2778:
2731:
2724:
2707:
2685:
2653:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2570:
2563:
2484:
2462:
2396:
2381:Front Morges
2379:
2313:Commonwealth
2292:
2273:Slavic Union
2148:Labour Party
2057:
2033:
2002:
1980:
1952:
1932:United Right
1930:
1905:
1880:Labour Union
1853:
1816:
1791:
1768:United Right
1766:
1716:
1691:
1663:
1614:
1579:United Right
1577:
1484:
1477:Bibliography
1468:(in Polish).
1465:
1455:
1443:
1431:
1419:
1407:
1395:
1383:
1370:
1363:
1351:. Retrieved
1346:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1313:(in Polish).
1310:
1283:
1264:
1246:
1242:
1221:. Retrieved
1216:
1182:
1152:. Retrieved
1148:
1138:
935:
926:
914:Opole County
903:
887:Henryk Kroll
859:
848:
526:% of Poland
509:
485:
462:
458:
441:
422:
406:
402:
390:
374:
340:
303:
301:
204:Councils in
186:Councils in
65:Headquarters
18:
2961:United Left
2726:Europa Plus
2344:Pre-war and
2199:Polish Left
1995:Poland 2050
1825:Poland 2050
1686:Poland 2050
1516:(in Polish)
1088:16.22 (#3)
1068:14.64 (#3)
1048:14.90 (#3)
1028:17.77 (#2)
1008:17.30 (#3)
988:18.61 (#2)
968:21,15 (#2)
212:178 / 1,139
121:Centre-left
98:Regionalism
3030:Categories
2601:Modern era
2288:Freedomers
2267:Solidarity
1641:The Greens
1223:26 January
1154:2 December
1130:References
496:Samoobrona
371:Background
353:, German:
219:Mayors in
2358:Centrolew
1982:Third Way
1647:AGROunion
520:Election
419:Programme
347:Opolitian
334:. In the
264:Elections
2994:et al.,
2011:New Left
2004:The Left
1967:New Hope
1862:New Left
1855:The Left
1745:Kukiz'15
1731:New Hope
1672:New Left
1665:The Left
1598:Renew RP
1466:infor.pl
1353:4 August
1145:"Poland"
548:132,059
386:Silesian
194:36 / 219
137:Congress
82:Ideology
75:RacibĂłrz
2853:Party X
2123:Falanga
1085:53,338
1065:52,431
1045:41,889
1025:53,670
1005:49,131
985:54,385
973:13 / 45
965:67,921
882:in 2005
860:At the
833:0 / 460
822:25,778
803:1 / 460
792:32,094
773:1 / 460
762:27,530
743:1 / 460
732:28,014
712:1 / 460
701:32,462
682:2 / 460
671:34,469
652:2 / 460
641:42,340
621:2 / 460
610:51,027
590:3 / 460
579:60,770
559:7 / 460
538:Change
429:Silesia
234:Website
227:12 / 71
162:0 / 460
144:Colours
57:Founded
2940:Spring
1759:Senate
1629:Modern
1619:(157)
1582:(191)
1491:
1349:. 2019
1325:"Home"
1271:
1219:. 2015
1093:5 / 30
1073:5 / 30
1053:7 / 30
1033:6 / 30
1013:7 / 30
993:7 / 30
955:Seats
949:Votes
906:powiat
677:12.92
647:13.62
616:16.96
585:18.96
554:26.11
535:Seats
523:Votes
324:Poland
316:German
308:Polish
184:Powiat
176:5 / 30
148:
90:German
46:Leader
2996:***:
1935:(20)
1910:(21)
1821:(12)
1796:(41)
1771:(34)
1721:(18)
1696:(32)
1668:(26)
1625:(127)
1588:(165)
1375:(PDF)
1213:(PDF)
1187:(PDF)
1102:Notes
946:Year
828:5.37
825:0.12
798:7.90
795:0.17
768:8.14
765:0.18
738:8.76
735:0.19
707:8.81
704:0.20
674:0.29
644:0.36
613:0.39
582:0.44
551:1.18
531:Opole
529:% of
221:Opole
206:Opole
202:Gmina
188:Opole
70:Opole
2990:**:
2831:Now!
2295:****
2007:(3)
1985:(3)
1957:(6)
1941:(18)
1916:(17)
1858:(9)
1802:(36)
1777:(29)
1757:the
1702:(28)
1688:(33)
1674:(19)
1594:(18)
1570:Sejm
1568:the
1489:ISBN
1355:2023
1269:ISBN
1225:2022
1156:2019
1081:2024
1061:2018
1041:2014
1021:2010
1001:2006
981:2002
961:1998
916:and
874:Sejm
866:Sejm
818:2023
788:2019
758:2015
728:2011
697:2007
667:2005
637:2001
606:1997
575:1993
544:1991
452:and
411:and
302:The
156:Sejm
150:Blue
60:1990
2985:*:
2025:and
2013:(3)
1997:(1)
1991:(2)
1975:(1)
1969:(2)
1963:(3)
1947:(2)
1922:(1)
1882:(1)
1876:(1)
1870:(2)
1864:(5)
1845:(1)
1839:(1)
1833:(4)
1827:(5)
1808:(1)
1783:(1)
1747:(3)
1739:(3)
1733:(8)
1727:(6)
1708:(3)
1680:(7)
1655:(1)
1649:(1)
1643:(3)
1637:(4)
1631:(6)
1606:(1)
1600:(5)
454:VAT
367:).
243:.eu
3032::
1464:.
1345:.
1327:.
1309:.
1297:^
1255:^
1233:^
1215:.
1195:^
1164:^
1147:.
1110:^
952:%
940::
912:,
876:,
843:1
722:1
631:1
600:4
569:7
456:.
318::
314:,
310::
294:,
2269:*
2253:*
2247:*
2241:*
2165:*
2067:*
1544:e
1537:t
1530:v
1497:.
1357:.
1331:.
1291:.
1277:.
1247:4
1227:.
1158:.
908:(
361:(
306:(
298:.
139:)
135:(
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