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Gerard Reve

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510: 392: 462:) with the colloquial, in a highly recognisable way. Similarly, his humour and often paradoxical view of the world relies on the contrast between exalted mysticism and common sense. The irony that pervades his work and his tendency towards extreme statements has caused confusion among readers. Many doubted the sincerity of his conversion to Catholicism, although Reve remained adamant about the truthfulness of his faith, claiming his right to individual notions about religion and his personal experience of it. 135: 25: 652: 427:
the political. It has no quarrel with modern science, because religious truths and empirical facts are in different realms. The observable world has no meaning beyond comparing facts, and, while revelation may not make sense, it has meaning, and it is this meaning that Reve was after in everything he wrote. Philosophically, Reve was influenced by
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Reve came from a communist and atheistic family, but converted to Roman Catholicism. Although liturgically traditional, he took a liberal stance on Roman Catholic ethics. His ridiculing of some aspects of Catholicism led to tensions in the Dutch Roman Catholic community in the 1960s. Nevertheless, he
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This event led to much controversy, and many people have since wondered whether Reve had lost his mind, or had been alluding to something else. In the face of a wave of criticism Reve did not move an inch, and his claims of being 'too intelligent to be a racist' and never wanting to inflict any harm
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These writings stress a symbolic, rather than ("...only the blind...") literal, understanding of religious texts as the only intellectually acceptable one, and the irrelevance of the Gospel's historical truth. Religion, according to Reve, has nothing to do with the literal, the factual, the moral or
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between men, which many readers considered shocking. However, he did this in an ironic, humorous and recognizable way, which contributed to making homosexuality acceptable for many of his readers. Another main theme, often in combination with eroticism, was religion. Reve himself declared that the
450:', a term coined by him, can roughly be described as consecrating sexual acts of punishment, dedicating these acts to revered others, and, ultimately, to higher entities (God). This is again a quest for higher significance in a human act (sex) that is devoid of meaning in its material form. 484:
It is so rare, as a reviewer, to come across a novel that is not only a masterpiece but a cornerstone manque of modern European literature, that I hesitate before setting down a response: what can I say, in a world of hype, that will put this book where it belongs, in readers’ hands and
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A member of the Dutch senate, the Calvinist senator Hendrik Algra, spoke on the same subject in a plenary debate. Reve sometimes welcomed the publicity, but also complained about his continual struggle with the authorities, public opinion and the press.
533:. Although it would take decades for the Netherlands to decriminalize blasphemy, in 2013 the law was abolished, the outcome of this case — known as the “Donkey Trial” — rendered the existing law virtually obsolete 1068:. It explores gay desire, with an aging gay writer who becomes more demanding of the young men he has affairs with and their own relationship. It was based on several of Reve's novels. 1391: 474:. Although Reve was long thought to be untranslatable because of his stylistic brilliance, the work received critical acclaim throughout the English speaking world. Writing for 544:
One of Reve's main themes, along with religion and love, is his intense hatred of communism, its regimes and the tolerance toward it in leftist circles in the western world.
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wording – and, over time, idiosyncratic Reve-slang) in his work, the deeper theme being the inadequacy of human love (as opposed to divine love). Since the publication of
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Sex with God as a donkey: What constitutes blasphemy today? What's at stake when ancient ideas of heresy collide with the modern notion of free speech?
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Reve was one of the first homosexual authors to come out in the Netherlands. He often wrote explicitly about erotic attraction, sexual relations and
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Reve's erotic prose deals partly with his own sexuality, but aims at something more universal. Reve's work often depicts sexuality as
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on his clothes, and read a poem that spoke of immigration in racist terms, though stressing cultural differences and using
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in his own way; the personal rapport between the brothers was not good. They broke off relations altogether in the 1980s.
89: 1135: 61: 1446: 1118: 108: 1237: 1205: 1010:(written in English, 1956). Amsterdam/ London, G.A. van Oorschot Publisher, 1956; 2nd ed. Amsterdam, Manteau, 1985. 530: 68: 1441: 1406: 1289: 435:, according to a Dutch painter who spent some time with the author in France to paint several portraits of him. 1416: 1411: 640: 598: 525:
he describes the narrator's love-making to God, a visitor to his house incarnated in a one-year-old mouse-grey
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In 1975, he appeared at a Dutch poetry festival, wearing (among other things, a crucifix and peace symbol) a
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His style combines the formal (in the kind of language one would find in a seventeenth-century
446:, many scenes bear a sado-masochistic character, but this is never meant as an end in itself. ' 1332: 1106: 538: 423:'s creation and human fate, especially in the many collections of letters that he published. 587:
on any racial grounds partly got lost in the confusion generated by his ever-present irony.
1386: 1381: 1262: 602: 8: 1186: 428: 82: 376: 356: 299: 509: 391: 1213: 1114: 552: 404: 400: 231: 1163: 248: 311:(14 December 1923 – 8 April 2006) was a Dutch writer. He started writing as 1309: 621: 576: 443: 280: 252: 187: 1258:
glbtq: An encyclopedia of gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and queer culture
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glbtq: An encyclopedia of gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and queer culture
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within the larger context of the Dutch 'Willibrord Translation' of the Bible.
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Reve's literary career was marked by many controversies. Early on, the
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refused to present it to him because his partner had been accused of
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contributed as a literary advisor to the translation of St. Paul's
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Three translated chapters of A circus boy (Een circusjongen, 1975)
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Reve was prosecuted in 1966 for allegedly breaking a law against
499: 176: 1104: 1044:, 1950). Translated by Sam Garrett. London, Pushkin Press, 2018 1030:, 1947). Translated by Sam Garrett. London, Pushkin Press, 2016 572: 447: 439: 1355: 575:), in a solemn language that insulted many people, especially 1020:, 1990). Translated by Richard Huijing. London, Minerva, 1991 617: 568: 459: 168: 651: 470:
The year 2016 saw Sam Garret's translation of Reve's debut,
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During the last years of his life, he began to suffer from
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Converts to Roman Catholicism from atheism or agnosticism
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intervened when Reve was to receive a grant, citing the
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Routledge International Encyclopedia of Queer Culture
994:, 1947) was made into a graphic novel (in 4 parts) by 579:, many of whom had arrived recently on the eve of the 1261:. Chicago: glbtq, Inc. § Gerard Reve. Archived from 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 399:He often insisted that homosexuality was merely a 764:Letters to candidate Catholic A. 1962–1969, 1976) 1373: 1113:. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow. pp. 191–92. 1105:Koopmans, Joop W.; Huussen, A. H., eds. (2007). 336:) of Dutch post-war literature. His 1981 novel 332:, he is considered one of the "Great Three" ( 1302: 1250: 1100: 1098: 1096: 760:Brieven aan kandidaat katholiek A. 1962–1969 186:Sint-Michiel-en-Cornelius-en-Ghislenuskerk, 1277:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__4LLlqGZ3U 1107:"Reve, Gerard Kornelis van het (1923–2006)" 1487:Religious controversies in the Netherlands 1312:(in Dutch). Boekendingen.nl. 26 April 2012 914:Letters to my personal physician 1963–1980 465: 371:, Netherlands, and was the brother of the 133: 1093: 583:that was to take place in November 1975. 480:, Tim Parks opened his review as follows: 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 1111:Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands 650: 529:. In April 1968 he was acquitted by the 508: 390: 1251:van Lieshout, Maurice (1 March 2004) . 360:primary message in all of his work was 1452:Prijs der Nederlandse Letteren winners 1374: 1287: 1184: 442:. Heavily influenced by French writer 1482:Obscenity controversies in literature 1477:Religious controversies in literature 1203: 1144:. Chicago: glbtq, Inc. Archived from 1042:De ondergang van de familie Boslowits 680:De ondergang van de familie Boslowits 407:based phrases would differ from e.g. 319: 1133: 1127: 855:Letters to Frans P. 1965–1969, 1984) 364:from the material world we live in. 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 1290:"Dutch book prize kept from winner" 1288:Osborn, Andrew (26 November 2001). 1185:Holman, Theodor (26 October 1994). 910:Brieven aan mijn lijfarts 1963–1980 513:Gerard Kornelis van het Reve (1969) 13: 1048: 14: 1503: 1346: 1472:Controversies in the Netherlands 1134:Wood, Robert (2 January 2003) . 981: 870:Brieven aan geschoolde arbeiders 684:The fall of the Boslowits family 489: 23: 1462:20th-century Dutch male writers 1437:LGBT history in the Netherlands 1402:Deaths from Alzheimer's disease 1397:Deaths from dementia in Belgium 1324: 1255:. In Summers, Claude J. (ed.). 1138:. In Summers, Claude J. (ed.). 646: 34:needs additional citations for 1492:20th-century Dutch LGBT people 1281: 1275:Gerard Reve, "Voor eign erf". 1269: 1253:"Dutch and Flemish Literature" 1244: 1231: 1204:Parks, Tim (9 November 2016). 1197: 1178: 1152: 851:Brieven aan Frans P. 1965-1969 831:Brieven aan Simon C. 1971–1975 641:Prijs der Nederlandse Letteren 599:Prijs der Nederlandse Letteren 271:Prijs der Nederlandse Letteren 1: 1086: 1001: 920:Brieven van een aardappeleter 890:Brieven aan Ludo P. 1962-1980 835:Letters to Simon C. 1971–1975 415:(Towards the end) (1963) and 1457:20th-century Dutch novelists 1187:"Gerard - 57 nomen est omen" 944:The book of violet and death 894:Letters to Ludo P. 1962-1980 841:Brieven aan Wim B. 1968–1975 635:Reina Prinsen Geerligs Award 597:In 2001, he was awarded the 309:Gerard Kornelis van het Reve 148:Gerard Kornelis van het Reve 7: 1432:Dutch LGBT rights activists 1330:David A. Gerstner (Editor) 1071: 986:In 2003 and 2004 the novel 940:Het boek van violet en dood 924:Letters from a potato eater 874:Letters to educated workers 845:Letters to Wim B. 1968–1975 10: 1508: 884:Becoming a writer yourself 1447:P. C. Hooft Award winners 960:Brieven aan Matroos Vosch 627: 581:decolonization of Surinam 496:Dutch ministry of culture 386: 313:Simon Gerard van het Reve 295: 287: 276: 266: 258: 239: 227: 219: 209: 201: 193: 182: 162: 144: 132: 125: 1136:"Reve, Gerard (b. 1923)" 964:Letters to Matroos Vosch 616:, and he died of it, in 453: 367:Gerard Reve was born in 321:[ˈɣeːrɑrtˈreːvə] 315:and adopted the shorter 1034:Childhood. Two Novellas 700:Vier Wintervertellingen 466:International reception 379:, who became a staunch 326:Willem Frederik Hermans 324:in 1973. Together with 1442:Writers from Amsterdam 1407:Belgian male novelists 1191:De Groene Amsterdammer 799:Brieven aan Bernard S. 690:Tien vrolijke verhalen 656: 514: 487: 403:(providing idiom – as 396: 166:8 April 2006 (aged 82) 1417:Dutch anti-communists 1412:Dutch Roman Catholics 880:Zelf schrijver worden 821:Brieven aan Josine M. 803:Letters to Bernard S. 710:Op weg naar het einde 654: 539:Epistle to the Romans 512: 482: 413:Op weg naar het einde 394: 283:(m. 1948 – sep. 1959) 1467:Dutch male novelists 1427:LGBT Roman Catholics 825:Letters to Josine M. 734:The language of love 622:Machelen-aan-de-Leie 603:Albert II of Belgium 502:nature of his work. 344:) was the basis for 43:improve this article 1148:on 11 October 2007. 1081:s Best Dutch novels 954:I bake them browner 714:Approaching the end 614:Alzheimer's disease 429:Arthur Schopenhauer 139:Gerard Reve in 1969 1057:released the film 730:De taal der liefde 657: 515: 397: 377:Karel van het Reve 300:Karel van het Reve 197:Simon van het Reve 1422:Dutch gay writers 950:Ik bak ze bruiner 864:The silent friend 779:Brieven aan Wimie 704:Four Winter Tales 694:Ten happy stories 553:hammer and sickle 405:Roman Catholicism 306: 305: 291:Joop Schafthuizen 259:Years active 232:Vossius Gymnasium 119: 118: 111: 93: 1499: 1354: 1340: 1328: 1322: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1306: 1300: 1299: 1285: 1279: 1273: 1267: 1266: 1265:on 1 April 2009. 1248: 1242: 1235: 1229: 1228: 1226: 1224: 1201: 1195: 1194: 1182: 1176: 1175: 1173: 1171: 1162:. Archived from 1156: 1150: 1149: 1131: 1125: 1124: 1102: 1055:Paul de Lussanet 974:The panting deer 970:Het hijgend hert 860:De stille vriend 783:Letters to Wimie 750:Een circusjongen 323: 235:Grafische School 150:14 December 1923 137: 123: 122: 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 1507: 1506: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1372: 1371: 1356:NaderTotReve.nl 1352: 1349: 1344: 1343: 1329: 1325: 1315: 1313: 1308: 1307: 1303: 1286: 1282: 1274: 1270: 1249: 1245: 1236: 1232: 1222: 1220: 1202: 1198: 1183: 1179: 1169: 1167: 1166:on 4 March 2016 1160:"Emoverkerk.nl" 1158: 1157: 1153: 1132: 1128: 1121: 1103: 1094: 1089: 1074: 1062:(Lieve jongens) 1051: 1049:Film adaptation 1038:Werther Nieland 1018:Bezorgde ouders 1004: 984: 979: 900:Bezorgde ouders 674:Werther Nieland 649: 630: 577:Afro-Surinamese 492: 468: 456: 444:Marquis de Sade 389: 281:Hanny Michaelis 234: 228:Alma mater 167: 151: 149: 140: 128: 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1505: 1495: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1370: 1369: 1363: 1358: 1348: 1347:External links 1345: 1342: 1341: 1323: 1301: 1280: 1268: 1243: 1230: 1196: 1177: 1151: 1126: 1119: 1091: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1083: 1073: 1070: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1031: 1021: 1011: 1003: 1000: 983: 980: 978: 977: 967: 957: 947: 937: 927: 917: 907: 897: 887: 877: 867: 857: 848: 838: 828: 818: 814:The Fourth Man 806: 796: 793:Mother and son 789:Moeder en zoon 786: 776: 773:Old and lonely 769:Oud en eenzaam 766: 757: 747: 737: 727: 724:Nearer to Thee 717: 707: 697: 687: 677: 671: 658: 648: 645: 644: 643: 637: 629: 626: 563:) rather than 491: 488: 467: 464: 455: 452: 388: 385: 381:anti-communist 346:Paul Verhoeven 342:The Fourth Man 304: 303: 297: 293: 292: 289: 285: 284: 278: 274: 273: 268: 267:Notable awards 264: 263: 260: 256: 255: 241: 237: 236: 229: 225: 224: 221: 217: 216: 211: 207: 206: 203: 199: 198: 195: 191: 190: 184: 180: 179: 164: 160: 159: 146: 142: 141: 138: 130: 129: 126: 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1504: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1377: 1367: 1366:KlaasKoppe.nl 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1351: 1350: 1339: 1336:, p. 421, at 1335: 1334: 1327: 1311: 1305: 1297: 1296: 1291: 1284: 1278: 1272: 1264: 1260: 1259: 1254: 1247: 1241: 1240: 1234: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1200: 1192: 1188: 1181: 1165: 1161: 1155: 1147: 1143: 1142: 1137: 1130: 1122: 1120:9780810864443 1116: 1112: 1108: 1101: 1099: 1097: 1092: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1075: 1069: 1067: 1066:Bill van Dijk 1063: 1061: 1056: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1015: 1014:Parents Worry 1012: 1009: 1006: 1005: 999: 997: 993: 989: 982:Graphic novel 975: 971: 968: 965: 961: 958: 955: 951: 948: 945: 941: 938: 935: 931: 928: 925: 921: 918: 915: 911: 908: 905: 904:Parents Worry 901: 898: 895: 891: 888: 885: 881: 878: 875: 871: 868: 865: 861: 858: 856: 852: 849: 846: 842: 839: 836: 832: 829: 826: 822: 819: 816: 815: 810: 809:De vierde man 807: 804: 800: 797: 794: 790: 787: 784: 780: 777: 774: 770: 767: 765: 761: 758: 755: 751: 748: 745: 741: 740:Lieve jongens 738: 735: 731: 728: 725: 721: 718: 715: 711: 708: 705: 701: 698: 695: 691: 688: 685: 681: 678: 675: 672: 669: 665: 664: 660: 659: 653: 642: 638: 636: 632: 631: 625: 623: 619: 615: 610: 608: 604: 600: 595: 593: 588: 584: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 551:as well as a 550: 545: 542: 540: 534: 532: 531:Supreme Court 528: 524: 520: 511: 507: 503: 501: 497: 490:Controversies 486: 481: 479: 478: 473: 463: 461: 451: 449: 445: 441: 436: 434: 430: 424: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 393: 384: 382: 378: 375:and essayist 374: 370: 365: 363: 358: 353: 351: 347: 343: 339: 338:De vierde man 335: 334:De Grote Drie 331: 330:Harry Mulisch 327: 322: 318: 314: 310: 301: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 279: 275: 272: 269: 265: 261: 257: 254: 250: 246: 245:short stories 242: 238: 233: 230: 226: 222: 218: 215: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 189: 185: 183:Resting place 181: 178: 174: 173:East Flanders 170: 165: 161: 158: 154: 147: 143: 136: 131: 124: 121: 113: 110: 102: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: –  59: 58:"Gerard Reve" 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 1338:Google Books 1331: 1326: 1314:. Retrieved 1304: 1295:The Guardian 1293: 1283: 1271: 1263:the original 1256: 1246: 1238: 1233: 1221:. Retrieved 1210:The Guardian 1209: 1199: 1190: 1180: 1168:. Retrieved 1164:the original 1154: 1146:the original 1139: 1129: 1110: 1078: 1058: 1052: 1041: 1040:, 1949, and 1037: 1033: 1027: 1024:The Evenings 1023: 1017: 1013: 1007: 992:The evenings 991: 987: 985: 973: 969: 963: 959: 953: 949: 943: 939: 933: 929: 923: 919: 913: 909: 903: 899: 893: 889: 883: 879: 873: 869: 863: 859: 854: 850: 844: 840: 834: 830: 824: 820: 812: 808: 802: 798: 792: 788: 782: 778: 772: 768: 763: 759: 754:A circus boy 753: 749: 743: 739: 733: 729: 723: 719: 713: 709: 703: 699: 693: 689: 683: 679: 673: 668:The evenings 667: 661: 655:Reve's grave 647:Bibliography 611: 596: 589: 585: 565:neger/nikker 564: 556: 546: 543: 535: 522: 516: 504: 493: 483: 477:The Guardian 475: 472:The Evenings 471: 469: 457: 437: 425: 416: 412: 398: 395:Reve in 1963 366: 354: 337: 333: 316: 312: 308: 307: 120: 105: 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 16:Dutch writer 1387:2006 deaths 1382:1923 births 1008:The Acrobat 996:Dick Matena 720:Nader tot U 523:Nader tot U 417:Nader tot U 357:intercourse 317:Gerard Reve 220:Nationality 157:Netherlands 127:Gerard Reve 1376:Categories 1353:(in Dutch) 1223:17 October 1087:References 1028:De avonden 1002:In English 988:De avonden 663:De Avonden 607:pedophilia 592:WF Hermans 202:Occupation 99:March 2008 69:newspapers 1218:0261-3077 1170:7 October 1060:Dear Boys 1053:In 1980, 934:Searching 744:Dear boys 519:blasphemy 433:Carl Jung 373:Slavicist 369:Amsterdam 362:salvation 302:(brother) 296:Relatives 262:1947–1998 247:, poems, 153:Amsterdam 1368:(Photos) 1072:See also 549:swastika 409:Buddhist 348:'s 1983 253:speeches 243:Novels, 210:Language 194:Pen name 188:Machelen 976:, 1998) 966:, 1997) 956:, 1996) 946:, 1996) 936:, 1995) 930:Op zoek 926:, 1993) 916:, 1991) 906:, 1988) 896:, 1986) 886:, 1985) 876:, 1985) 866:, 1984) 847:, 1983) 837:, 1982) 827:, 1981) 817:, 1981) 805:, 1981) 795:, 1980) 785:, 1980) 775:, 1978) 756:, 1975) 746:, 1973) 736:, 1972) 726:, 1966) 716:, 1963) 706:, 1963) 696:, 1961) 686:, 1950) 670:, 1947) 500:obscene 288:Partner 249:letters 177:Belgium 83:scholar 1316:29 May 1216:  1117:  676:(1949) 639:2001: 633:1947: 628:Honors 573:nigger 527:donkey 485:minds? 448:Revism 440:ritual 387:Themes 277:Spouse 205:Writer 85:  78:  71:  64:  56:  618:Zulte 590:Like 569:negro 561:black 557:zwart 521:. In 460:Bible 454:Style 401:motif 240:Genre 223:Dutch 214:Dutch 169:Zulte 90:JSTOR 76:books 1318:2012 1225:2020 1214:ISSN 1172:2009 1115:ISBN 1079:NRC' 350:film 328:and 163:Died 145:Born 62:news 421:God 45:by 1378:: 1292:. 1212:. 1208:. 1189:. 1109:. 1095:^ 998:. 624:. 352:. 251:, 175:, 171:, 155:, 1320:. 1298:. 1227:. 1193:. 1174:. 1123:. 1036:( 1026:( 1016:( 990:( 972:( 962:( 952:( 942:( 932:( 922:( 912:( 902:( 892:( 882:( 872:( 862:( 853:( 843:( 833:( 823:( 811:( 801:( 791:( 781:( 771:( 762:( 752:( 742:( 732:( 722:( 712:( 702:( 692:( 682:( 666:( 571:/ 567:( 559:( 340:( 112:) 106:( 101:) 97:( 87:· 80:· 73:· 66:· 39:.

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Gerard Reve in 1969
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Belgium
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Vossius Gymnasium
short stories
letters
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Prijs der Nederlandse Letteren
Hanny Michaelis
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[ˈɣeːrɑrtˈreːvə]
Willem Frederik Hermans
Harry Mulisch
The Fourth Man

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