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son and twin daughters. Goyder led an austere and disciplined life, and this was reflected in his strict treatment of subordinates – though he was always regarded as fair to those he advised in spite of many complaints by farmers and graziers. By the late 1880s, however, Goyder's health was declining and, with no improvement in sight, he resigned the post of
Surveyor-General at the end of 1893. He died at his home "Warrakilla", at
32:
1307:
144:
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drought in the middle of the decade and complained severely, with many forced to move even relatives away from their cattle stations by the end of 1865. Goyder was also faced with the despair of his wife, Frances Mary Smith, who suffered the loss of twins at birth during George's long travels in the outback.
543:(of which the Northern Territory was then a part) to lay out the street plans for a capital to be named Palmerston. The site was chosen for its exceptionally good water supply and potential for easy communication with the rest of the continent through land or sea transportation. The site was chosen after
604:
He married
Frances Mary Smith on 10 December 1851 at Christ Church, North Adelaide, and had nine children with her. Frances died on 8 April 1870 and George married her sister Ellen Priscilla Smith, who had been looking after the children, on 20 November 1871. With Ellen, George had three children, a
509:
However, the 1864–65 drought put paid, at least temporarily, to these ambitions. Goyder, in the midst of his work in the pastoral zone, was asked to report on the problem and his response was to find out how far south crop failure had been general. The furthest points inland at which crops had
460:
Goyder was appointed
Assistant Surveyor-General circa 1856. In this period he made many expeditions into the outback regions of South Australia, thinking that the water in lakes he saw at the time was fresh and permanent, rather than exceedingly erratic. He wrote many letters to newly established
468:
In 1861 he was appointed
Surveyor-General. His early years in the role were very difficult, especially his efforts to help establish settlement in the Northern Territory by supervising the establishment of the pastoral leaseholds that continue to the present day. Pastoralists were hit by a major
517:
Goyder recommended that farmers should not attempt to grow cereal crops anywhere outside of the line. The idea was contrary to beliefs widespread at the time and seen by many as ridiculous in a period of great optimism, but after major losses by grain growers near to, or outside of, the line –
431:
with his family where he worked with an engineering firm and studied surveying. In 1848, at the age of 22, Goyder followed his sister and brother-in-law, George
Galbraith MacLachlan (c. 1842 – 19 March 1873), to Sydney. He spent time working with an auctioneering firm and moved to
494:
commemorating George Goyder's line of rainfall, which he determined when
Surveyor-General. He correctly judged the rainfall in country inland of the line to be too unreliable for cereal growing.
398:, a line used in South Australia to demarcate land climatically suitable for arable farming from that suitable only for light grazing, and for the siting, planning and initial development of
846:
518:
especially in the droughts of 1881–1882 and 1884–1886 – his judgement proved to have been sound. The many major droughts in the 159 years since have confirmed his view.
406:) and made recommendations to a great number of settlers in the newly developing colony, especially to those exploiting the newly discovered mineral resources of the state.
817:, Richard Hinton, W(illiam) Webster Hoare (assistant to Dr Peel), W. Holland, Richard A. Horn, Thomas S. Horn, W. Howe, sen., C. N. Greene, George Hughes, George Kersley,
814:
558:
on 27 December 1868 and dropped anchor in Darwin
Harbour on 5 February 1869. He selected the site on Fort Point near Port Darwin, and nearby townships to be named Daly,
402:, the Northern Territory capital and principal population centre. However, Goyder was an avid researcher into the lands of South Australia (including the present-day
802:
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Members of Goyder's expedition included: G. S. Aldridge, J. H. Aldridge, George A. Armstrong, Job Austin, W. Barlow, R. W. Barrow, Tom Bee, David L. Beetson,
444:
854:
838:
1251:
1381:
709:
574:, George MacLachlan, John Packard, Alfred and Frederick Schultze included) remained to fill duties in the town. Others, including Dan Daly and
1396:
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pastoralists who had moved into the arid regions for the state's north, and also surveyed the newly establishing mining industry in the
1386:
973:
649:(Gould 1875), a district council, an electorate, the new pavilion at the Royal Adelaide Showgrounds, several streets, a park and the
625:
Goyder Road in Darwin is named for him, and many others of the party are similarly honoured. Also named for him are a large river in
1325:
1163:
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Goyder's expeditioners numbered about 100, most of whom are commemorated in the names of Darwin streets and outlying localities.
554:
With the incentive of a £3000 bonus, "Little Energy" as he was nicknamed and his team of about 128 men left Port
Adelaide on the
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96:
486:
68:
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650:
391:
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to
Adelaide in November 1869 with about 30 men; the majority of his party returned in October 1870, though many (Dr
472:
Goyder resigned his position as
Surveyor-General in 1894, completing a public service career that spanned 41 years.
637:, the highest peak in South Australia at 1,435 metres (4,710 ft) is named after him (George Woodroffe Goyder)
1001:
1376:
1346:
1311:
893:
741:
662:
593:
82:
53:
49:
514:– figures vary from 250 to 350 millimetres in different publications – were marked as the "Line of Rainfall".
737:
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540:
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practices have allowed some expansion in the 1980s and 1990s, despite a couple of very severe droughts.
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399:
384:
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610:
491:
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731:
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20:
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798:
606:
239:
592:; it commenced operation in 1872. In 1911 Palmerston was renamed Darwin. About 1980, the name
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Goyder's Line was first accepted significantly after a number of dry years, though improved
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826:
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growing had been spreading rapidly further north and the erroneous belief that rain would "
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He rose rapidly in the civil service, becoming Assistant Surveyor-General by 1856 and the
8:
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585:
403:
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506:" led to the idea of cereal crops spreading up to the Northern Territory border.
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not failed, corresponding approximately to the 300-millimetre (12-inch) annual
1143:. Vol. LXXIV, no. 5673. South Australia. 1 December 1917. p. 28
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1066:. Vol. XXVII, no. 1468. South Australia. 20 November 1869. p. 9
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1005:. Vol. XI, no. 3184. South Australia. 29 December 1868. p. 2
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977:. Vol. XI, no. 542. South Australia. 26 December 1868. p. 8
143:
1115:. Vol. LIV, no. 2912. South Australia. 24 July 1897. p. 33
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626:
853:, C. Spencely, C. W. Sprigg, J. M. Thomas, Charles Frederick Wells, and
949:. Vol. III, no. 124. South Australia. 14 July 1871. p. 2
617:, on 2 November 1898 and was buried in the Stirling District Cemetery.
641:
589:
566:. They completed all four sites in 18 months. Goyder returned on the
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31:
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428:
857:, and Ned and John Ryan (South Australian Government surveyors).
1306:
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1255:
849:, W. Rowe, Alfred Schultze, Frederick Schultze, A. H. Smith,
1335:
Surveying Darwin, Northern Territory Library online feature
1096:(Mrs Kerr was a grand-daughter of George Woodroffe Goyder).
596:
was resurrected for Darwin's satellite city to the south.
423:, England to Sarah and David George Goyder, the latter a
588:
from England was landed at Palmerston via present-day
436:
in 1851, obtaining work as a civil service draftsman.
1252:
Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure
1025:"Surveying Darwin 1869 | Northern Territory Library"
801:, Joseph Brooks, Philip H. Burden, William Collett,
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1347:Goyder Subject guide at Northern Territory Library
1248:"Search result for "Goyder" (Record No SA0027239)"
770:Survey parties to the Northern Territory 1864–1870
640:Goyder's name has also been given to a species of
535:Survey parties to the Northern Territory 1864–1870
387:during the latter half of the nineteenth century.
1358:
439:
498:Before the drought of the mid-1860s, wheat and
1230:"Adelaide Proformat - George Woodroffe Goyder"
845:, John H. Packard, Dr R. Peel, G. Richards,
809:, Michael Francis, J. W. Gepp, John Gerald,
772:Includes comprehensive lists of participants
475:
1151:– via National Library of Australia.
1123:– via National Library of Australia.
1074:– via National Library of Australia.
1013:– via National Library of Australia.
985:– via National Library of Australia.
974:South Australian Chronicle And Weekly Mail
957:– via National Library of Australia.
892:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
142:
1052:
1050:
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1161:
825:, J. M. Lambell, C. Laycock, J. Loudon,
485:
443:
310:
279:
16:19th century surveyor in South Australia
1382:English emigrants to colonial Australia
1352:NT Place Names Register (a useful tool)
528:
379:(24 June 1826 – 2 November 1898) was a
171:31 January 1861 – 30 June 1894
1359:
1047:
884:"Goyder, George Woodroffe (1826–1898)"
1270:
1192:. Goyder Institute for Water Research
1190:"Goyder Institute for Water Research"
878:
876:
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675:
578:, were to return within a few years.
1397:Surveyors General of South Australia
427:minister and physician. He moved to
394:in 1861. He is remembered today for
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54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
1155:
969:"The Northern Territory Expedition"
728:East Arnhemland, Northern Territory
651:Goyder Institute for Water Research
392:Surveyor General of South Australia
159:Surveyor General of South Australia
13:
1318:Australian Dictionary of Biography
889:Australian Dictionary of Biography
871:
829:, A. L. McKay, George MacLachlan,
656:
14:
1408:
1387:History of the Northern Territory
1299:
1254:. 16 October 2008. Archived from
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749:, South Australia's highest peak
599:
448:Goyder's map of the region near
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1162:Klaassen, Nic (1 August 2006).
1002:The South Australian Advertiser
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148:George Woodroffe Goyder in 1869
41:needs additional citations for
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989:
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894:Australian National University
1:
864:
541:government of South Australia
440:Assistant to Surveyor-General
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997:"Tuesday, December 29, 1868"
805:, Henry Edwards, W. Fisher,
722:(State B64), South Australia
699:Electoral division of Goyder
693:Electoral district of Goyder
629:and electorates in both the
7:
833:, A. E. Millar, C. Miller,
753:
10:
1413:
1392:History of South Australia
688:Regional Council of Goyder
532:
479:
250:Stirling District Cemetery
18:
813:, William Guy, W. Hardy,
620:
476:Goyder's Line of rainfall
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396:Goyder's Line of rainfall
385:Colony of South Australia
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1328:21 November 2015 at the
941:"The Overland Telegraph"
776:
760:Agriculture in Australia
492:Melrose, South Australia
1282:NT Place Names Register
1140:The Observer (Adelaide)
732:Goyder, South Australia
539:Goyder was sent by the
377:George Woodroffe Goyder
135:George Woodroffe Goyder
1212:"Place Names Register"
1084:Goyder Kerr, Margaret
799:John Sherlock Brooking
495:
457:
240:Mylor, South Australia
1377:People from Liverpool
1088:Rigby, Adelaide 1971
797:, Henry S. Bosworth,
671:, Northern Territory
665:, Northern Territory
633:and South Australia.
584:Soon afterwards, the
533:Further information:
489:
447:
342:Sarah Goyder (mother)
296:Ellen Priscilla Smith
1340:26 July 2019 at the
1314:at Wikimedia Commons
803:Daniel Dominick Daly
701:, Northern Territory
529:Survey of Palmerston
354:Edwin Mitchell Smith
282:; died
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
1216:www.ntlis.nt.gov.au
1170:on 21 November 2015
847:J. Le M. F. Roberts
839:W. Charles Musgrave
793:, Michael Bennett,
551:had been rejected.
419:Goyder was born in
337:David George Goyder
193:William Strawbridge
182:Sir Arthur Freeling
1258:on 12 October 2016
1164:"George W. Goyder"
837:, A. J. Mitchell,
676:Named after Goyder
631:Northern Territory
586:Overland Telegraph
496:
458:
404:Northern Territory
265:Frances Mary Smith
1310:Media related to
1250:. Land Services,
1112:Adelaide Observer
1094:978-0-85179-287-3
1063:Adelaide Observer
903:978-0-522-84459-7
831:Gilbert R. McMinn
811:Christopher Giles
695:, South Australia
646:Amytornis goyderi
504:follow the plough
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1323:George W. Goyder
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1166:. Archived from
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65:"George Goyder"
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1300:External links
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1234:www.jaunay.com
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795:Edwin S. Berry
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1058:"The Gulnare"
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1029:ntl.nt.gov.au
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547:'s choice at
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61:Find sources:
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39:This article
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27:
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1285:. Retrieved
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1272:
1260:. Retrieved
1256:the original
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1194:. Retrieved
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1172:. Retrieved
1168:the original
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1145:. Retrieved
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1117:. Retrieved
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1068:. Retrieved
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1037:. Retrieved
1033:the original
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1007:. Retrieved
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979:. Retrieved
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951:. Retrieved
946:Gawler Times
944:
935:
923:. Retrieved
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734:, a locality
726:Goyder River
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459:
450:Lake Torrens
418:
389:
376:
375:
234:(1898-11-02)
217:24 June 1826
189:Succeeded by
166:
127:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1372:1898 deaths
1367:1826 births
1278:"Woodroffe"
1262:20 December
1196:20 December
855:A. T. Woods
851:E. M. Smith
835:W. W. Mills
684:of rainfall
669:Frances Bay
627:Arnhem Land
572:Robert Peel
523:cultivation
177:Preceded by
1361:Categories
1287:1 February
1174:29 January
1135:"Personal"
925:29 January
865:References
742:Palmerston
663:Fannie Bay
594:Palmerston
490:Plaque at
415:Early life
361:Occupation
213:1826-06-24
76:newspapers
912:1833-7538
738:Woodroffe
642:grasswren
590:Indonesia
560:Southport
454:Lake Eyre
421:Liverpool
350:Relatives
223:, England
221:Liverpool
167:In office
1338:Archived
1326:Archived
1107:"Goyder"
981:7 August
953:20 March
920:70677943
896:. 1972.
754:See also
564:Virginia
434:Adelaide
381:surveyor
365:Surveyor
356:(nephew)
339:(father)
322:Children
1147:31 July
1119:1 March
1070:1 March
1039:26 July
1009:10 June
819:S. King
613:in the
611:Aldgate
568:Gulnare
545:Finniss
512:isohyet
429:Glasgow
383:in the
330:Parents
315:
303:
299:
288:
272:
268:
255:Spouses
90:scholar
1092:
918:
910:
900:
621:Legacy
556:Moonta
500:barley
410:Career
400:Darwin
309:
278:
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
21:Goyder
777:Notes
609:near
607:Mylor
313:)
305:(
301:
286:)
274:(
270:
97:JSTOR
83:books
1289:2018
1264:2015
1198:2015
1176:2007
1149:2016
1121:2016
1090:ISBN
1072:2016
1041:2019
1011:2019
983:2016
955:2018
927:2007
916:OCLC
908:ISSN
898:ISBN
562:and
452:and
311:1871
284:1870
280:1851
229:Died
207:Born
69:news
52:by
1363::
1280:.
1232:.
1214:.
1137:.
1109:.
1060:.
1049:^
1027:.
999:.
971:.
943:.
914:.
906:.
886:.
873:^
821:,
653:.
465:.
325:12
307:m.
276:m.
1291:.
1266:.
1236:.
1218:.
1200:.
1178:.
1043:.
929:.
215:)
211:(
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
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