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medical aid to those who sought it, and even up to the last year of his life there were old friends to whose families he was the only acceptable medical adviser and whose appeal for aid he could not refuse. Illustrating this fact, as well as
Engelmann's energetic manner, his son relates the following incident: “It was a bitter, sleety winter night, when the ringing of the doorbell awoke me, and I heard an urgent call for father from the messenger of a patient. I would not arouse him, and proposed to go myself; but he had heard all, and, hurrying into his clothes, was ready to go in spite of my remonstrance 'What of the night?' he said, vexed at my interference, 'Am I already useless, to be cast aside? I would rather die in harness than rust out.' So I helped him down the icy steps, through the blinding sleet, into his carriage, and off on his mission of mercy.”
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606:-like pest which sucks sap from the roots of grape vines. Growers observed that certain imported American vines resisted this pest, and the French government dispatched a scientist to St. Louis to consult with the Missouri state entomologist and with Engelmann, who had studied American grapes since the 1850s. Engelmann verified that certain living American species had resisted Phylloxera for nearly 40 years. In addition,
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absolute poverty. To furnish an office he was even obliged to part with his gun and with the faithful horse which had carried him on so many long and lonesome journeys. At that time St. Louis was little more than a frontier trading post, but
Engelmann had strong faith in its future greatness, and he lived to see it become one of the chief cities of the United States. In 1836 he founded a German newspaper called
421:. He often suffered sickness and hardship upon those journeys, but he persevered until he finished all the business he had planned to do. He made much use of his scientific, as well as practical, knowledge in the prosecution of that business, doing mineralogical and geological work, but only the botanical notes which he then made were used in his subsequent scientific career.
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him great advantage in extending his practice. Because of this and of his great professional ability, as the years went on he acquired a financial competence that gave him an independence. Never, however, did he take advantage of his success in this respect to lessen his labors, for whenever his medical labors were relaxed his scientific work fully engrossed his attention.
286:, and was also educated for the ministry, but he devoted his life to education. He established a school for young women in Frankfurt, which was rare at the time. George Engelmann's mother, Julie Antoinette, was the only daughter of Antoinette André and George Oswald May. The latter, in his earlier years, was an artist of note at the Court of
358:. It was devoted to morphology — mainly to the structure of monstrosities and aberrant forms of plants — and was illustrated by five plates of figures drawn and transferred to the lithographic stone by the author's own hand. Its subject was so directly in line with that of a treatise on the metamorphosis of plants by
340:. With the latter especially an intimate friendship and correspondence were preserved unbroken until Braun's death in 1877. He also retained friendship with Schimper. However, that erratic genius abandoned botany despite obtaining a remarkable grasp of philosophical botany and laying the foundations of phyllotaxy.
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While botanical investigations constituted much the greater part of Dr. Engelmann's scientific work, he always had in hand data for other investigations. For example, he began meteorological observations when he first settled at St. Louis, and personally, or by proxy during his absence, he continued
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Having completed his business engagement, in the autumn of 1835 Engelmann moved to St. Louis and established a medical practice. During the three years that had passed since he left his native land the slender means he brought with him became exhausted, and he began the practice of his profession in
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He took several vacations from his medical practice and devoted them all to the gathering of data for his scientific work, the details of which were elaborated at his home. One of these vacations extended from 1856 to 1858, the greater part of the first summer having been spent in botanical work at
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Upon his return to St. Louis with his young wife, Engelmann immediately resumed his medical practice. Then, and long afterward, a large proportion of the inhabitants of St. Louis were of French and German-speaking families, and his familiarity with those languages, as well as with the
English, gave
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The confidence he inspired in his medical clientele was such that as he grew older he could take long vacations and resume his practice almost at will. After 1869, he no longer kept a medical office and attended the few patients he saw in his study. Still, it was always difficult for him to refuse
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came with the proposition that he should join him in a journey through the forests of the
Pacific Coast region he accepted it. That journey, although a difficult one for a man of his age, was of great benefit to him physically. His shattered spirit also was much revived and, among his friends, he
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gardens and herbarium in companionship with Asa Gray. Then, with his wife and young son, he visited his native land and other parts of Europe, occupying his time with scientific observation and study. In 1868 Dr. Engelmann and his wife again visited Europe for a year, the son being then in Berlin
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that it was heartily welcomed by the poet-philosopher, whose own life was then approaching its close. Having received
Engelmann's treatise through his correspondent Marianne von Willemer, Goethe inquired after the young author, saying that Engelmann had completely apprehended Goethe's ideas
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The death of his wife on
January 29, 1879, greatly affected him. He turned to plants, seeking relief in study, but life and a continuance of its labors seemed to be almost hopeless. His condition changed but little during the remainder of the winter, but when in the spring
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Engelmann's botanical collection, valuable as containing the original specimens from which many western plants have been named and described, was given to the
Missouri Botanical Garden. This gift led to the founding of the Henry Shaw School of Botany as a department of
449:, already the most noted of American botanists, and the friendship between those two eminent men thus begun was broken only by death. This friendship is noteworthy because of the evidently beneficial effect which it had upon botanical science in America.
616:, did not cross pollinate with less resistant species, the cause of previous grafting failures. Engelmann arranged to have millions of shoots and seeds collected and sent to France, where the species proved to be very successful in providing rootstock.
278:, Germany, the oldest of thirteen children, nine of whom reached maturity. His father, Julius Bernhardt Engelmann, was a member of a family from which for several successive generations were chosen ministers for the Reformed Church at
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concerning vegetable morphology, and had shown a peculiar genius for their development. So strong was his confidence in
Engelmann's ability that he offered to give him his whole store of unpublished notes and sketches.
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In 1861, Engelmann had published a pioneering paper in the United States examining plant diseases. It focussed on the grape. He also established an herbarium for 10 species of grape he had discovered.
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pursuing his medical studies. These visits to Europe were also the occasions of frequent and familiar personal interviews with men whose names were well known to the scientific world, such as
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Four years were passed before he had laid the foundation of his medical practice and had earned the means of making a visit to his old German home. In 1840 he returned to
Germany, where in
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529:, and to government reports. Material in his specialties collected by the federal government was sent to him for examination. He was one of the earliest to study the North American
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For the purpose of forming a correct judgment of the lands of the new country to which he had come, he made many long, lonesome, and often adventurous horse-back journeys in
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In 1828 young
Engelmann's studies at Heidelberg were interrupted by his having joined the students in a political demonstration. He thereupon left Heidelberg and entered the
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Wishing to visit America, he accepted a proposition from his uncles to become their agent for the purchase of lands in the United States. In September 1832, he sailed from
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He then played an important, but little known role in rescuing the French wine industry. In the 1870s French vineyards came under attack by a small insect,
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434:, which contained valuable articles on life and manners in the United States, and gained a high reputation both in the United States and in Europe.
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290:. Julie Antoinette was Julius Engelmann's coadjutor in the school for young women, and its success was largely due to her management and tact.
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them without intermission until his death — a longer period, it is believed, than that of similar observations by any one man in America.
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His dissertation for the medical degree, more related to botany than to medicine, was published at Frankfurt in 1832 under the title of
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632:. The two also collaborated on horticultural experiments on cacti, and frequently corresponded on the matter of specimen collection.
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Engelmann devoted himself to his medical practice, but in his later years made a specialty of botany. An 1842 monograph on
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became a noted gynecologist.) They soon returned to America. Upon reaching New York City, Engelmann for the first time met
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Assisted by a scholarship (founded by the “Reformed Congregation of Frankfurt”), in 1827 he began to study sciences at the
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1232:-an effort by the Missouri Botanical Garden to digitize various Engelmann collections under a shared portal.
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was published in 1860, and his latest on this subject shortly before his death. His two major works on
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of the west of North America, then very poorly known to Europeans; he was particularly active in the
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Views of the Borderlands: The Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, 1857–1859
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to develop his gardens to be of scientific as well as public use; "Shaw's Gardens" became the
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In 1832 Engelmann went to Paris, where he again became associated with Braun, and also with
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Engelmann often compared meteorological data with his friend and contemporary
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1169:"Changing botany in North America: 1835–1860, The Role of George Engelmann"
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938:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 97, 158, 403.
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An Autobiographie and Some Reminiscences of the Late August Fendler. I.
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resumed and sustained his lifelong habit of cheerfulness of manner.
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1016:"Lindheimer Flora Texana exsiccata: IndExs ExsiccataID=1874209407"
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he married his cousin Dorothea Horstmann on June 11. (Their son
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He is commemorated in the names of several plants, including
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241:, (2 February 1809 – 4 February 1884) was a German-American
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Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
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560:. On a visit to England in 1857, he had consulted with
992:(online ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
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George Engelmann received his early education at the
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Phillip Drennon Thomas (1999). "Engelmann, George".
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For the American obstetrician and gynecologist, see
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Botanical Exploration of the Trans-Mississippi West
831:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
747:is used to indicate this person as the author when
568:. He was also one of the original founders of the
552:, and encouraged the wealthy St. Louis businessman
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786:, another phylloxera consultant and grape expert
548:He was a founder and longtime president of the
962:Walter B. Norris (1931). "Engelmann, George".
710:Engelmann's quillwort or Appalachian quillwort
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936:Asa Gray, American Botanist, Friend of Darwin
635:Among the animals he studied were tapeworms (
1139:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
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36:
1162:. Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University.
998:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1300497
913:"Biographies of Scientists and Explorers"
891:Learn how and when to remove this message
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245:. He was instrumental in describing the
1207:Biographical Memoir of George Engelmann
1173:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
1062:. Band 10, Nummer 6, 1885, S. 285–290,
505:on the border of the United States and
1301:People from the Free City of Frankfurt
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509:. He also made special studies of the
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527:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1316:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
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968:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
829:adding citations to reliable sources
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16:German-American botanist (1809–1884)
1022:. Botanische Staatssammlung MĂĽnchen
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152:Julius Bernhardt Engelmann (father)
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1041:Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin
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730:Washington University in St. Louis
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1331:Burials at Bellefontaine Cemetery
1286:Botanists active in North America
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582:Lindheimer Flora Texana exsiccata
1291:Missouri Botanical Garden people
965:Dictionary of American Biography
915:. Southwest Colorado Wildflowers
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1336:19th-century American botanists
1306:Immigrants to the United States
1156:McKelvey, Susan Delano (1955).
1100:International Plant Names Index
816:needs additional citations for
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282:. Julius was a graduate of the
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660:American Philosophical Society
168:American Philosophical Society
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1311:University of WĂĽrzburg alumni
1149:One Hundred and One Botanists
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773:George Engelmann bibliography
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550:St. Louis Academy of Sciences
523:St. Louis Academy of Sciences
274:George Engelmann was born in
155:Julie Antoinette May (mother)
1321:Heidelberg University alumni
1214:National Academy of Sciences
1020:IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae
570:National Academy of Sciences
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204:Author abbrev. (botany)
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1167:Shaw, Elizabeth A. (1986).
989:American National Biography
790:Friedrich Adolph Wislizenus
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374:Emigration to United States
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1151:. Purdue University Press.
934:Dupree, A. Hunter (1988).
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759:Engelmann was interred in
404:St. Clair County, Illinois
360:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
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1296:Scientists from Frankfurt
1133:"Engelmann, George"
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558:Missouri Botanical Garden
499:Cactaceae of the Boundary
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1142:. New York: D. Appleton.
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1043:, September/October 2002
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718:Engelmann's Prickly-pear
564:on the establishment of
545:remain important today.
330:University of Heidelberg
103:University of Heidelberg
1201:White, Charles Abiather
1004:(subscription required)
443:George Julius Engelmann
197:De Antholysi Prodromus
140:George Julius Engelmann
21:George Julius Engelmann
761:Bellefontaine Cemetery
658:He was elected to the
562:William Jackson Hooker
497:In 1859, he published
356:De Antholysi Prodromus
349:University of WĂĽrzburg
280:Bacharach-on-the-Rhine
111:University of WĂĽrzburg
63:Free City of Frankfurt
1147:Isely, Duane (2002).
612:, a wild vine of the
572:. With Asa Gray and
1281:American taxonomists
1261:American mycologists
1212:. Washington, D.C.:
1080:search.amphilsoc.org
1076:"APS Member History"
825:improve this article
784:Thomas Volney Munson
599:Phylloxera vastatrix
574:Ferdinand Lindheimer
480:Joseph Dalton Hooker
345:University of Berlin
303:Mexican-American War
122:Phylloxera vastatrix
107:University of Berlin
738:author abbreviation
722:Opuntia engelmannii
714:Isoetes engelmannii
690:Quercus engelmannii
396:St. Louis, Missouri
384:Baltimore, Maryland
284:University of Halle
1244:2012-06-25 at the
840:"George Engelmann"
666:Later explorations
614:Mississippi Valley
394:. He then went to
307:American Civil War
131:Dorothea Horstmann
1059:Botanical Gazette
945:978-0-801-83741-8
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706:Pinus engelmannii
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461:Botanical studies
410:for three years.
276:Frankfurt am Main
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175:Scientific career
59:Frankfurt am Main
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1229:Engelmann Online
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818:verification
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652:Menobranchus
650:
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620:Other fields
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1276:1884 deaths
1271:1809 births
702:Apache Pine
539:of Missouri
537:Grape-Vines
301:during the
89:Nationality
1255:Categories
1117:References
1085:2021-04-16
919:January 1,
881:March 2013
851:newspapers
588:Phylloxera
554:Henry Shaw
408:Belleville
51:1809-02-02
1128:Fiske, J.
1064:(online).
662:in 1862.
647:squirrels
578:exsiccata
525:, to the
439:Kreuznach
323:Frankfurt
319:gymnasium
313:Education
265:Biography
219:Signature
120:Study of
99:Education
81:St. Louis
1242:Archived
1203:(1896).
778:See also
447:Asa Gray
419:Arkansas
415:Illinois
305:and the
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136:Children
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865:scholar
743:Engelm.
716:), and
643:opossum
641:), the
519:spurges
492:Virchow
488:De Bary
475:Harvard
467:dodders
299:colonel
270:Origins
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515:rushes
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288:Weimar
255:Mexico
192:Thesis
185:Botany
181:Fields
163:Awards
128:Spouse
1189:JSTOR
872:JSTOR
858:books
797:Notes
604:aphid
602:, an
543:cacti
531:vines
511:pines
503:cacti
406:near
247:flora
1056:In:
1028:2024
940:ISBN
921:2015
844:news
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