51:) of their geographic information. Geographic information consumers, professional or casual, use geoportals to search and access the information they need. Thus geoportals serve an increasingly important role in the sharing of geographic information and can avoid duplicated efforts, inconsistencies, delays, confusion, and wasted resources.
98:
initiative. Unlike the NSDI Clearinghouse
Network, GOS was built around a centralized metadata catalog database, with an architecture that links users to data providers through a Web-based geoportal. The user of GOS may employ a simple Web browser (thin client) or may interface directly with a GIS
140:
Modern web-based geoportals include direct access to raw data in multiple formats, complete metadata, online visualization tools so users can create maps with data in the portal, automated provenance linkages across users, datasets and created maps, commenting mechanisms to discuss data quality and
114:, which represents a shift from focusing on cataloging references to resources, to providing shared web services for national significant datasets, API for developers, and end-user applications (built on those web services and API).
714:
90:
156:, with its Living Atlas Geoportal, provides a large of volume of data covering a wide variety of topics. Esri also sells Portal for ArcGIS as part of its
359:
117:
More recently, there has been a proliferation of geoportals for sharing of geographic information based on region or theme. Examples include the
61:
141:
interpretation, and sharing or exporting created maps in various formats. Open portals allow user contribution of datasets as well.
788:
179:
47:
Geographic information providers, including government agencies and commercial sources, use geoportals to publish descriptions (
600:
211:
77:
757:
Goodchild, M.F., P. Fu, and P.M. Rich. 2007. Geographic information sharing: the case of the
Geospatial One-Stop portal.
148:
GIS platforms, providing a library of geographic data that users can employ with online GIS tools or desktop GIS software.
718:
764:
Maguire, D.J., and P.A. Longley. 2005. The emergence of geoportals and their role in spatial data infrastructures.
354:
751:
71:
152:
is a cloud-based image processing platform that includes a portal to several petabytes of satellite imagery. Esri's
395:
37:
511:
364:
85:), the first large geoportal. It has many distributed catalogs that can be searched via a client interface.
590:
385:
184:
41:
569:
491:
595:
204:
327:
174:
107:
102:
In
September 2011, GOS was retired and the content it included by then became part of the broader
574:
420:
220:
25:
653:
564:
555:
525:
473:
411:
793:
659:
534:
425:
197:
130:
32:
information) and associated geographic services (display, editing, analysis, etc.) via the
8:
415:
276:
149:
48:
616:
550:
486:
482:
390:
322:
160:
Enterprise server software, which enables institutions to create their own geoportals.
747:
317:
66:
529:
430:
297:
251:
621:
477:
439:
312:
281:
145:
626:
495:
434:
256:
782:
444:
380:
261:
153:
520:
169:
95:
690:
189:
642:
560:
241:
29:
21:
110:. At the same time, the United States federal government launched the
302:
246:
103:
271:
33:
126:
118:
123:
Infrastructure for
Spatial Information in the European Community
647:
307:
266:
157:
111:
134:
129:
geoportal, which provides geographic information concerning
516:
69:), is considered the earliest geoportal concept. The U.S.
180:
National
Mapping Agency#List of national mapping agencies
144:Geoportals also form a key component of commercial
137:, the United Nations Spatial Data Infrastructure.
759:Annals of the Association of American Geographers
36:. Geoportals are important for effective use of
780:
773:Spatial Portals: Gateways to Spatial Information
94:(GOS) geoportal was developed as part of a U.S.
205:
689:Centre, European Commission-Joint Research.
219:
212:
198:
62:U.S. National Spatial Data Infrastructure
766:Computers, Environment and Urban Systems
365:society as information processing system
360:humans as information processing systems
781:
75:(FGDC) coordinated development of the
601:philosophy of artificial intelligence
193:
78:Federal Geographic Data Clearinghouse
744:Web GIS: Principles and Applications
291:information processing abstractions
13:
688:
14:
805:
771:Tang, W. and Selwood, J. 2005.
235:information processes by function
72:Federal Geospatial Data Committee
355:nature as information processing
789:Geographic data and information
707:
695:inspire-geoportal.ec.europa.eu
682:
38:geographic information systems
1:
675:
512:information processing theory
65:(NSDI), started in 1994 (see
54:
40:(GIS) and a key element of a
775:. ESRI Press, Redlands, CA.
746:. ESRI Press. Redlands, CA.
591:computational theory of mind
125:, established in 2007), the
88:First released in 2003, the
7:
185:Spatial Data Infrastructure
163:
42:spatial data infrastructure
10:
810:
742:Fu, P., and J. Sun. 2010.
736:
715:"L_2007108EN.01000101.xml"
492:computational neuroscience
396:human–computer interaction
133:in the United States, and
83:NSDI Clearinghouse Network
635:
609:
596:philosophy of information
583:
543:
504:
466:
457:
404:
373:
347:
340:
290:
234:
227:
386:brain–computer interface
175:List of GIS data sources
24:used to find and access
575:artificial intelligence
505:in cognitive psychology
458:Information processing
570:computational circuits
565:information structures
421:bio-inspired computing
341:Information processors
221:Information processing
26:geographic information
654:Decoding the Universe
526:cognitive informatics
460:theories and concepts
228:Information processes
660:information overload
535:behavior informatics
426:ubiquitous computing
131:carbon sequestration
691:"INSPIRE Geoportal"
544:in computer science
483:genetic informatics
150:Google Earth Engine
112:Geospatial Platform
91:Geospatial One-Stop
49:geospatial metadata
617:information theory
556:computation theory
551:neural computation
487:cellular computing
391:physical computing
672:
671:
668:
667:
610:interdisciplinary
453:
452:
336:
335:
318:stream processing
308:signal processing
303:sign processesing
67:OMB Circular A-16
801:
730:
729:
727:
726:
717:. Archived from
711:
705:
704:
702:
701:
686:
530:neuroinformatics
464:
463:
431:artificial brain
345:
344:
328:state processing
323:agent processing
298:event processing
232:
231:
214:
207:
200:
191:
190:
99:(thick client).
809:
808:
804:
803:
802:
800:
799:
798:
779:
778:
739:
734:
733:
724:
722:
713:
712:
708:
699:
697:
687:
683:
678:
673:
664:
631:
622:decision theory
605:
579:
539:
500:
478:systems biology
459:
449:
440:virtual reality
400:
369:
332:
313:data processing
286:
282:decision-making
223:
218:
166:
57:
12:
11:
5:
807:
797:
796:
791:
777:
776:
769:
762:
761:97(2):250-266.
755:
738:
735:
732:
731:
706:
680:
679:
677:
674:
670:
669:
666:
665:
663:
662:
657:
650:
645:
639:
637:
633:
632:
630:
629:
627:systems theory
624:
619:
613:
611:
607:
606:
604:
603:
598:
593:
587:
585:
581:
580:
578:
577:
572:
567:
558:
553:
547:
545:
541:
540:
538:
537:
532:
523:
514:
508:
506:
502:
501:
499:
498:
496:neurocomputing
489:
480:
470:
468:
461:
455:
454:
451:
450:
448:
447:
442:
437:
435:mind uploading
428:
423:
418:
408:
406:
402:
401:
399:
398:
393:
388:
383:
377:
375:
371:
370:
368:
367:
362:
357:
351:
349:
342:
338:
337:
334:
333:
331:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
294:
292:
288:
287:
285:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
238:
236:
229:
225:
224:
217:
216:
209:
202:
194:
188:
187:
182:
177:
172:
165:
162:
108:(Geo.)Data.gov
56:
53:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
806:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
784:
774:
770:
767:
763:
760:
756:
753:
752:1-58948-245-X
749:
745:
741:
740:
721:on 2022-01-19
720:
716:
710:
696:
692:
685:
681:
661:
658:
656:
655:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
640:
638:
634:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
612:
608:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
586:
584:in philosophy
582:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
546:
542:
536:
533:
531:
527:
524:
522:
518:
515:
513:
510:
509:
507:
503:
497:
493:
490:
488:
484:
481:
479:
475:
474:computational
472:
471:
469:
465:
462:
456:
446:
445:virtual world
443:
441:
438:
436:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
413:
410:
409:
407:
403:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
381:mixed reality
379:
378:
376:
372:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
350:
346:
343:
339:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
293:
289:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
262:communication
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
239:
237:
233:
230:
226:
222:
215:
210:
208:
203:
201:
196:
195:
192:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
167:
161:
159:
155:
154:ArcGIS Online
151:
147:
142:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
105:
100:
97:
93:
92:
86:
84:
80:
79:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
52:
50:
45:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
20:is a type of
19:
772:
765:
758:
743:
723:. Retrieved
719:the original
709:
698:. Retrieved
694:
684:
652:
521:intelligence
170:Georeference
143:
139:
122:
116:
101:
96:e-government
89:
87:
82:
76:
70:
60:
58:
46:
17:
15:
794:Web portals
146:cloud-based
121:geoportal (
783:Categories
725:2022-08-02
700:2022-08-02
676:References
643:infosphere
561:algorithms
467:in biology
412:processors
405:artificial
242:perception
55:Background
30:geospatial
22:web portal
768:29: 3-14.
416:processes
267:reasoning
257:operating
252:influence
247:attention
104:open data
18:geoportal
272:learning
164:See also
34:Internet
737:Sources
348:natural
277:storing
127:NatCarb
119:INSPIRE
44:(SDI).
750:
648:inforg
158:ArcGIS
636:other
374:mixed
135:UNSDI
106:site
748:ISBN
563:and
528:and
519:and
517:mind
494:and
485:and
476:and
433:and
414:and
81:(or
59:The
785::
693:.
16:A
754:.
728:.
703:.
213:e
206:t
199:v
28:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.