Gavit - Knowledge

545: 506: 649: 121: 110: 598: 724: 682: 572: 482: 130: 621: 743: 530: 702: 27: 303: 322: 1233:, which was added to the main church in the monastery by 1219. The origin of this type of vaulting clearly comes from Islamic sources, but it is used very differently here. There are no comparable examples in the Islamic world of using it to form complete vaults with an oculus in the centre. Throughout Anatolia in this period muqarnas were used to form niche heads. It was used for domes elsewhere in the Islamic world, as at 968:

centrally-planned four-columned ante-ecclesial structures is that of Hoṙomos Monastery, built in 1038 by King Yovhannēs-Smbat together with the Upper Church of St. John (Surb-Yovhannēs). It has a rectangular ground plan and four central columns. The ceiling is shaped like an octagonal cone and is decorated with sumptuous reliefs, while externally an eight-column rotunda rises above the entire construction.

1237:'s 1174 hospital in Damascus, but conceived very differently: the monastic muqarnas are structurally pendentives, whereas the Damascus dome is a succession of stucco squinches. A generation later the Armenian use of muqarnas was re-imported into the Muslim world, and buildings such as the Yakutiye Madrasa in Erzurum (1310) copied the idea of a muqarnas vault around an oculus. 1343:

Many of these overlaps come together in one building, the zhamatun that was added to the early eleventh-century church of the Holy Apostles in Ani some time shortly before 1217 (the earliest inscription on the building). Note 25: A date of around 1200 is supported by the similarity of the vaulting of

1107:

All the above discussion permits the following conclusions. Those structures that were built next to and almost simultaneously with newly founded churches with the specific purpose of serving a funerary/commemorative function were called žamatun, while those built adjacent to older churches, covering

1517:

The prosperity of the monastery in the thirteenth century was due to the patronage of the Proshyan prince, who carved out the second cave church in 1283, reached through a rock-cut antechamber which served as their mausoleum. The burials are in a recess behind twin arches, over which two felines on

1192:

Working similarly with cut stone, the Seljuq muqarnas provide a close technical comparison to Armenian construction. It is worth noting that the corbelled construction of the Armenian muqarnas vaults are technically and structurally closer to the Seljuq examples than they are to typical Armenian

1439:

The original chapel at the site dates from the fifth or sixth century, to which the main church or katholikon was added on the north side. It is dated by inscription to 1244, attributed to the patronage of Prince K'urd and his wife Xorisali. A separate inscription names a master, presumably the

967:

From the end of the 10th century, simple quadrangular buildings without columns but with wooden roofs appeared adjacent to churches (mainly on the western side), serving as dynastic necropoleis. No particular name was given to them. No particular name was given to them. The oldest of such

1010:

The common nine-bayed plan of the gavit calls to mind the typical nine-bayed mosque plan that spread through-out the Islamic world from Central Asia to Spain after the Abbasid era; at the same time, the domed, nine-bayed design was common for the naos of both Byzantine and Armenian

156:, the distinctive Armenian style of narthex, appeared in the tenth and eleventh centuries. The first structures in the 10th century were simple quadrangular buildings without columns and protected by wooden roofs, used as dynastic necropoleis. From the 11th century, the first known 648: 505: 937:

Medieval Armenian architecture: constructions of race and nation Christina Maranci – 2001 "Unlike Strzygowski, who stressed the importance of race and nation in the formation of architecture, ... Another structure at Ani also provided Baltrusaitis with an

544: 723: 416:, different from the typical Armenian vault construction, which used thin stone facing on mortared rubble. This form was replaced by a square room with four columns, divided into nine sections with a dome in the center. The 481: 1150:

lts. Above the square central space was a complex muqarnas vault, measuring just over 5 m on each side, with a central erdik or oculus, which may have originally been covered by a colonnated canopy.

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was used to refer to new structures built more-or-less contemporaneously with the neighbouring church to serve funerary or commemorative functions, while the terms

455:

built in 1181 has four tall free-standing internal pillars supporting arches. The pillars and their bases are elaborately decorated. In the same complex, the

370:" had an ancient meaning of "open courtyard" referring to the existing space around old churches where the graves of the nobility were already placed, while 425: 681: 233:, gave my vineyard located in Kołb to this church of mine, Surb-Yovannēs, which I have built in this monastery of Hoṙomos, along with this žamatun... 1108:

already existing gravestones were called gawit'. This hypothesis is further confirmed by a historical-philological analysis of the respective terms.

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of the Church of St. Amenaprkitch (left, built 1181) and the church itself, to which it is adjoined (right, built in 966), with corresponding plan.

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builder, named Yovhanes. The large gavit or narthex was constructed immediately following the church, and must have been completed by ca. 1250.

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the zhamatun of the monastery at Bagnayr, where the earliest inscription dates to 1201: Basmadjian, Inscriptions arméniennes d'Ani, no. 150.

68:) is a congressional room or mausoleum added to the entrance of a church, and therefore often contiguous to its west side, in a Medieval 1497:

The inscription carved on the north wall of the church, shows the date of foundation in 1283, and the name of the donator, Prince Prosh.

348:

only looks like a big rectangular block in front of a church, often with a colonnaded belvedere on top convering the hole of the

84:. As an architectural element, the gavit was distinct from the church, and built afterwards. Its first known instance is at the 120: 1260: 915: 437: 1562: 1557: 1285: 794: 551: 247:

for such buildings appears for the first time more than a century later in 1181 in the dedicatory inscription at the

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of the Mother of God church is a three-nave hall with lower arches and less elaborate decorations on the pillars.

1518:

leashes and an eagle with a lamb in its talons, the family's armoured bearings have been sculpted in bold relief.

1411:"A Muqarnas Drawing from Thirteenth-Century Armenia and the Use of Architectural Drawings during the Middle Ages" 1164:"A Muqarnas Drawing from Thirteenth-Century Armenia and the Use of Architectural Drawings during the Middle Ages" 1122:"A Muqarnas Drawing from Thirteenth-Century Armenia and the Use of Architectural Drawings during the Middle Ages" 982:"A Muqarnas Drawing from Thirteenth-Century Armenia and the Use of Architectural Drawings during the Middle Ages" 819:"A Muqarnas Drawing from Thirteenth-Century Armenia and the Use of Architectural Drawings during the Middle Ages" 907:

Rediscovering Armenia: An Archaeological/touristic Gazetteer and Map Set for the Historical Monuments of Armenia

436:(1310). The "lightwell" itself, with central oculus, is known in Anatolian art from earlier periods, as in the 183:. The type of construction changed during the twelfth and fourteenth centuries, as found in the monasteries of 926:(a more southerly dynast) in 1211, that of Amenaprkich in 1181 under the sponsorship of the Kyurikian family. 529: 413: 1552: 1490: 1065: 424:

vault with oculus was not found in the Muslim world until it was copied about a century later, as in

88:, dated to 1038, when it was already called "žamatun". The term "gavit" started to replace the term 1530: 733: 191:

Monastery. They changed again in the late thirteenth century as can be seen in monasteries such as

736:(1283). The tombs are behind the twin arches. The entrance to the Proshyan chapel is to the right. 198:

The general structure of the gavit, with its nine-bayed plan is typical of the nine-bayed plan of

1225:

vault. A fine example is the complex muqarnas that was used to build up the central vault of the

1330:

Tamta's World: The Life and Encounters of a Medieval Noblewoman from the Middle East to Mongolia

1303:

Tamta's World: The Life and Encounters of a Medieval Noblewoman from the Middle East to Mongolia

1208:

Tamta's World: The Life and Encounters of a Medieval Noblewoman from the Middle East to Mongolia

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motif was clearly inspired by Islamic sources, but it was used differently, and the Armenian

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referred to a space built next to older churches, covering existing ancient gravestones. "

229:

In the year of the Armenians 487 (ie 1038), I, the šahanšah Yovannēs, son of the šahanšah

168:. The vault was in the shape of an octogonal cone, and was decorated with superb reliefs. 8: 398:) center, and adorned with eight decorated slabs, as seen in the earliest known gavit at 129: 269: 230: 1356: 165: 1509: 1430: 1375: 1281: 1256: 1183: 1141: 1001: 911: 838: 790: 607: 588: 516: 448: 312: 283:, I, Yovannēs, Abbot of the holy monastery (re)built this once existing church and a 248: 222: 143: 93: 85: 31: 1473:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture" 1454:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture" 1422: 1392:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture" 1334: 1306: 1234: 1212: 1175: 1133: 1099:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture" 1076: 1066:"The Zhamatun of Horomos: The Shaping of an Unprecedented Type of Fore-church Hall" 1047:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture" 1025:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture" 993: 959:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture" 884:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture" 865:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture" 830: 774: 633: 429: 273: 1477: