297:
from mine shafts. These systems used single point injection of air into the liquid stream, normally through a foot valve at the bottom of the string. Gas lift was used as early as 1864 in
Pennsylvania to lift oil wells, also using compressed air, via an air pipe bringing the air to the bottom of the well. Air was used in Texas for large-scale artificial lift. In 1920 natural gas replaced air, lowering the risk of explosion. From 1929 until 1945 about 25000 patents were issued on different types of gas lift valves that could be used for unloading in stages. Some of these systems involved moving the tubing, or using wireline sinker bars to change the lift point. Others were spring operated valves. Ultimately, in 1944 W.R. King patented the pressurized bellows valve that is used today. In 1951 the sidepocket mandrel was developed for selectively positioning and retrieving gas lift valves with wireline.
1959:
25:
246:
varied and liquid production (oil and perhaps water) is measured. Alternatively, mathematical models can be used to estimate the optimum gas injection rate. Such models offer significant economic benefit, since they allow one to simulate the performance of an actual or planned gas-lifted well using a digital replica of the well.
296:
and Albert W Zeuthen in 1956, Current
Assignee ExxonMobil Oil Corp. Air lift uses compressed air to lift water in operations such as dredging and underwater archeology. It is also found in aquariums to keep water circulating. These forms of lift were used as far back as 1797 in mines to lift water
280:
of a gas-lift well. Tubing and casing pressures cause the valve to open and close, thus allowing gas to be injected into the fluid in the tubing to cause the fluid to rise to the surface. In the lexicon of the industry, gas-lift mandrels are said to be "tubing retrievable" wherein they are deployed
245:
The amount of gas to be injected to maximize oil production varies based on well conditions and geometries. Too much or too little injected gas will result in less than maximum production. Generally, the optimal amount of injected gas is determined by well tests, where the rate of injection is
242:; the formation pressure is then able to lift the oil column and forces the fluid out of the wellbore. Gas may be injected continuously or intermittently, depending on the producing characteristics of the well and the arrangement of the gas-lift equipment.
264:
is fitted. There are two common types of mandrels. In a conventional gas-lift mandrel, a gas-lift valve is installed as the tubing is placed in the well. Thus, to replace or repair the valve, the tubing string must be pulled. In the side-pocket
233:
In the United States, gas lift is used in 10% of the oil wells that have insufficient reservoir pressure to produce the well. In the petroleum industry, the process involves injecting gas through the tubing-casing
1184:
430:
218:
1080:
1925:
284:
Gas lift operation can be optimized in different ways. The newest way is using risk-optimization which considers all aspects for gas lift allocation.
1305:
603:
593:
467:
1075:
1070:
1055:
1050:
598:
1020:
644:
613:
608:
1387:
1261:
1085:
365:
Yadua, Asekhame U.; Lawal, Kazeem A.; Eyitayo, Stella I.; Okoh, Oluchukwu M.; Obi, Chinyere C.; Matemilola, Saka (2021-06-04).
669:
1392:
1060:
634:
639:
1773:
1452:
1168:
89:
1920:
1224:
977:
108:
61:
435:
1809:
1462:
957:
654:
649:
460:
1467:
1025:
910:
836:
205:
273:
while the mandrel is still in the well, eliminating the need to pull the tubing to repair or replace the valve.
68:
1935:
1706:
1372:
925:
843:
770:
249:
Although the gas is recovered from the oil at a later separation stage, the process requires energy to drive a
46:
1988:
1143:
1040:
1030:
952:
1915:
1910:
1447:
1432:
881:
75:
1962:
1930:
453:
431:
Kermit Brown. The
Technology of Artificial Lift Methods, vol 2A. The Petroleum Publishing Company, 1980.
342:
1517:
1118:
1103:
1065:
826:
703:
1993:
1889:
1422:
1163:
967:
189:
57:
42:
171:
276:
A gas-lift valve is a device installed on (or in) a gas-lift mandrel, which in turn is put on the
260:
is a device installed in the tubing string of a gas-lift well onto which or into which a gas-lift
1940:
1814:
871:
863:
814:
765:
685:
570:
565:
312:
35:
1417:
1158:
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1005:
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713:
545:
141:
140:
into a vertical outlet tube; as the bubbles rise within the tube they cause a drop in the
8:
1839:
1784:
1711:
1600:
1412:
1330:
1010:
876:
436:“Subsurface Equipment/Artificial Lift: Maximizing Production from the Well”, May 1999 JPT
1686:
1108:
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476:
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82:
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540:
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321:
137:
1894:
1884:
1626:
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1192:
995:
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920:
888:
799:
515:
145:
1983:
1731:
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1641:
1631:
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1197:
1128:
1015:
1000:
809:
747:
492:
383:
366:
293:
250:
153:
144:
behind them, causing the fluid to be pulled up. Gas lifts are commonly used as
440:
406:
1977:
1799:
1756:
1721:
1350:
1231:
1204:
1138:
530:
392:
1859:
1789:
1681:
1671:
1666:
1656:
1646:
1532:
1512:
1457:
1241:
1209:
1148:
1045:
947:
853:
730:
664:
194:
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1829:
1751:
1701:
1522:
1492:
1437:
1427:
1113:
792:
775:
693:
555:
525:
520:
253:
to raise the pressure of the gas to a level where it can be re-injected.
183:
157:
1879:
1746:
1736:
1502:
1340:
1246:
281:
and retrieved attached to the production tubing. See gas-lift mandrel.
1874:
1605:
1552:
1497:
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1397:
1345:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1251:
932:
560:
487:
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270:
222:
201:
149:
24:
1869:
1849:
1844:
1824:
1819:
1595:
1585:
1507:
1442:
1214:
942:
898:
757:
306:
226:
16:
Raising a fluid by introducing bubbles of gas into the outlet tube
1537:
1527:
1407:
1402:
1317:
367:"Performance of a gas-lifted oil production well at steady state"
266:
257:
239:
1854:
1741:
1726:
1716:
1676:
1590:
1636:
1610:
1580:
1542:
1482:
1477:
1472:
261:
309: – Drive for a reciprocating piston pump in an oil well
1864:
1804:
1557:
1035:
130:
371:
Journal of
Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology
217:
1696:
1562:
1335:
163:
Gas lifts have been used for a variety of applications:
134:
186:
use a subterranean air chamber to lift underground water
1325:
317:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
133:
that can raise fluid between elevations by introducing
364:
1926:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
269:, however, the valve is installed and removed by
1975:
324: – Pump designed to work submerged in fluid
238:. Injected gas aerates the fluid to reduce its
315: – Type of rotary pump with helical rotor
461:
468:
454:
212:
382:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
216:
204:use vaporized water to draw seawater in
192:use a variety of the gas lift called an
1388:China National Offshore Oil Corporation
1976:
1262:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir
1021:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
475:
335:
449:
441:Video showing a bubble pump in action
174:use vaporized water to lift hot water
1393:China National Petroleum Corporation
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
13:
1453:National Iranian South Oil Company
1169:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
14:
2005:
1921:Intercontinental Exchange Futures
1810:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
1463:Oil & Gas Development Company
424:
1958:
1957:
221:Model of a gas lift for pumping
180:use compressed air to lift water
23:
1468:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
206:ocean thermal energy conversion
34:needs additional citations for
1936:Society of Petroleum Engineers
1707:Port Harcourt Refining Company
1373:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
399:
358:
344:How Does Artificial Lift Work?
198:to vacuum mud, sand and debris
1:
882:Production sharing agreements
328:
1916:Canadian petroleum companies
1911:American Petroleum Institute
1448:National Iranian Oil Company
1433:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
7:
1931:International Energy Agency
916:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
300:
10:
2010:
1518:PTT Public Company Limited
1119:East Midlands Oil Province
1104:List of natural gas fields
704:Integrated asset modelling
384:10.1007/s13202-021-01188-0
287:
172:electric drip coffeemakers
1953:
1903:
1890:Weatherford International
1769:
1619:
1571:
1423:Iraq National Oil Company
1359:
1316:
1301:
1292:
1177:
1094:
976:
862:
756:
684:
627:
586:
579:
501:
483:
1941:World Petroleum Council
1815:China Oilfield Services
872:Petroleum fiscal regime
571:Western Canadian Select
566:West Texas Intermediate
313:Progressive cavity pump
213:Petroleum industry uses
1418:Indian Oil Corporation
904:Submersible pump (ESP)
849:Underbalanced drilling
670:of gasoline and diesel
230:
1795:Cameron International
1237:Petrodollar recycling
1220:fossil fuel phase-out
783:Differential sticking
736:Reflection seismology
709:Petroleum engineering
551:OPEC Reference Basket
220:
1989:Petroleum production
1692:Occidental Petroleum
1006:1990 oil price shock
832:Shale oil extraction
805:Drilling engineering
788:Directional drilling
714:Reservoir simulation
142:hydrostatic pressure
43:improve this article
1840:Naftiran Intertrade
1785:Amec Foster Wheeler
1712:Reliance Industries
1601:Naftiran Intertrade
1413:Hindustan Petroleum
1011:2000s energy crisis
1687:Marathon Petroleum
1109:List of oil fields
719:Reservoir modeling
477:Petroleum industry
231:
168:Coffee percolators
1971:
1970:
1949:
1948:
1835:Nabors Industries
1765:
1764:
963:Well intervention
938:Petroleum product
837:Ljungström method
741:Seismic inversion
726:Petroleum geology
680:
679:
278:production tubing
119:
118:
111:
93:
2001:
1994:Gas technologies
1961:
1960:
1662:Hess Corporation
1383:Bharat Petroleum
1314:
1313:
1299:
1298:
986:1967 Oil Embargo
822:Lost circulation
660:Posted oil price
584:
583:
541:Isthmus-34 Light
470:
463:
456:
447:
446:
418:
417:
416:
415:
403:
397:
396:
386:
377:(6): 2805–2821.
362:
356:
355:
354:
352:
339:
322:Submersible pump
318:
146:artificial lifts
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1945:
1899:
1895:John Wood Group
1885:Valaris Limited
1778:
1775:
1772:
1761:
1627:APA Corporation
1615:
1567:
1366:
1363:
1355:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1294:
1288:
1189:Classification
1173:
1096:
1090:
1026:Nationalization
996:1979 oil crisis
991:1973 oil crisis
972:
958:Water injection
926:Steam injection
921:Gas reinjection
889:Artificial lift
858:
800:Drill stem test
752:
676:
623:
575:
497:
479:
474:
427:
422:
421:
413:
411:
405:
404:
400:
363:
359:
350:
348:
341:
340:
336:
331:
316:
303:
290:
215:
190:Suction dredges
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2007:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1732:Surgutneftegas
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1652:Eneos Holdings
1649:
1644:
1642:ConocoPhillips
1639:
1634:
1632:Cenovus Energy
1629:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1573:Energy trading
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1259:
1257:Swing producer
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1129:Gulf of Mexico
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1016:2010s oil glut
1013:
1008:
1003:
1001:1980s oil glut
998:
993:
988:
982:
980:
974:
973:
971:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
929:
928:
923:
913:
908:
907:
906:
901:
896:
886:
885:
884:
879:
868:
866:
860:
859:
857:
856:
851:
846:
841:
840:
839:
829:
824:
819:
818:
817:
810:Drilling fluid
807:
802:
797:
796:
795:
785:
780:
779:
778:
768:
762:
760:
754:
753:
751:
750:
748:Seismic source
745:
744:
743:
733:
728:
723:
722:
721:
716:
706:
701:
696:
690:
688:
682:
681:
678:
677:
675:
674:
673:
672:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
631:
629:
625:
624:
622:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
590:
588:
581:
577:
576:
574:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
546:Japan Cocktail
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
507:
505:
499:
498:
496:
495:
493:Primary energy
490:
484:
481:
480:
473:
472:
465:
458:
450:
444:
443:
438:
433:
426:
425:External links
423:
420:
419:
398:
357:
333:
332:
330:
327:
326:
325:
319:
310:
302:
299:
294:Norman J. Rees
289:
286:
214:
211:
210:
209:
199:
187:
181:
175:
154:compressed air
117:
116:
99:September 2014
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2006:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1964:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1768:
1758:
1757:Valero Energy
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1722:Suncor Energy
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1358:
1352:
1351:TotalEnergies
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1300:
1297:
1295:organisations
1293:Companies and
1291:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1232:Petrocurrency
1230:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1205:Oil shale gas
1203:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1185:Abbreviations
1183:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1144:Permian Basin
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1081:United States
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1041:Seven Sisters
1039:
1037:
1034:
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694:Core sampling
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531:Indian Basket
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256:The gas-lift
254:
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207:
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185:
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179:
178:Airlift pumps
176:
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166:
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148:for water or
147:
143:
139:
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129:is a type of
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81:
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70:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1860:Schlumberger
1790:Baker Hughes
1682:Marathon Oil
1672:Imperial Oil
1667:Husky Energy
1657:Galp Energia
1647:Devon Energy
1533:Saudi Aramco
1513:Petrovietnam
1458:NNPC Limited
1362:National oil
1242:Petrofiction
1210:Orphan wells
1178:Other topics
1149:Persian Gulf
1076:Saudi Arabia
1046:Standard Oil
893:
854:Well logging
731:Petrophysics
412:, retrieved
407:
401:
374:
370:
360:
349:, retrieved
343:
337:
292:Invented by
291:
283:
275:
255:
248:
244:
232:
195:airlift pump
193:
184:Pulser pumps
162:
126:
122:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1830:Halliburton
1702:Phillips 66
1523:QatarEnergy
1493:Petrobangla
1428:KazMunayGas
1318:Supermajors
1267:heavy crude
1154:Prudhoe Bay
1134:Niger Delta
1114:Caspian Sea
877:Concessions
827:Measurement
793:Geosteering
776:Squeeze job
686:Exploration
635:Consumption
594:Consumption
587:Natural gas
516:Bonny Light
158:water vapor
127:bubble pump
1978:Categories
1880:Transocean
1747:Tullow Oil
1737:TechnipFMC
1503:PetroChina
1341:ExxonMobil
1247:Shale band
1124:East Texas
1097:and fields
911:Downstream
864:Production
771:Completion
699:Geophysics
640:Production
599:Production
536:Indonesian
511:Argus Sour
503:Benchmarks
414:2015-10-14
329:References
251:compressor
202:Mist lifts
69:newspapers
58:"Gas lift"
1875:TC Energy
1776:companies
1606:Trafigura
1553:Sonatrach
1498:Petrobras
1488:Pertamina
1398:Ecopetrol
1364:companies
1308:companies
1306:petroleum
1282:tight oil
1277:oil shale
1272:oil sands
1252:Shale gas
1193:sweet oil
1164:Venezuela
1139:North Sea
1095:Provinces
1086:Venezuela
933:Midstream
628:Petroleum
488:Petroleum
393:2190-0566
347:, Rigzone
225:out of a
1963:Category
1870:Subsea 7
1850:Petrofac
1845:NOV Inc.
1825:GE Power
1820:Enbridge
1774:services
1596:Mercuria
1586:Glencore
1548:Sonangol
1508:Petronas
1443:Naftogaz
1215:Peak oil
1198:sour oil
953:Upstream
948:Refining
943:Pipeline
899:Pumpjack
894:Gas lift
815:invasion
758:Drilling
645:Reserves
604:Reserves
408:Gas lift
307:Pumpjack
301:See also
271:wireline
152:, using
123:gas lift
1538:Sinopec
1528:Rosneft
1408:Gazprom
1403:Equinor
1331:Chevron
978:History
844:Tracers
766:Blowout
655:Exports
650:Imports
614:Exports
609:Imports
351:May 29,
288:History
267:mandrel
258:mandrel
240:density
236:annulus
208:systems
138:bubbles
83:scholar
1904:Others
1855:Saipem
1752:TĂĽpraĹź
1742:TNK-BP
1727:Sunoco
1717:Repsol
1677:Lukoil
1620:Others
1591:Gunvor
1225:timing
1159:Russia
1071:Norway
1056:France
1051:Canada
391:
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1984:Pumps
1771:Major
1637:Cepsa
1611:Vitol
1581:Enron
1543:SOCAR
1483:Pemex
1478:PDVSA
1473:Orlen
1438:Lotos
1378:ANCAP
1346:Shell
1303:Major
1061:India
665:Price
619:Price
561:Urals
556:Tapis
526:Dubai
521:Brent
262:valve
90:JSTOR
76:books
1865:Snam
1805:CH2M
1558:TPAO
1066:Iraq
1036:OPEC
1031:GECF
580:Data
389:ISSN
353:2012
227:well
170:and
131:pump
62:news
1800:CGG
1697:OMV
1563:YPF
1336:Eni
379:doi
223:oil
156:or
150:oil
135:gas
125:or
45:by
1980::
1326:BP
968:XT
387:.
375:11
373:.
369:.
160:.
121:A
469:e
462:t
455:v
395:.
381::
229:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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