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1108:, took some influence from Howard's Garden City concept while the park was still under construction. Singapore, a tropical city, has over time incorporated various facets of the Garden City concept in its town plans to try and make the country a unique City in a Garden. In the 1970s, the country started including concepts in its town plans to ensure that building codes and land use plans made adequate provisions for greenery and nature to become part of community development, thereby providing a great living environment. In 1996, the National Parks Board was given the mandate to spearhead the development and maintenance of greenery and bring the island's green spaces and parks to the community.
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221:, won the competition run by First Garden City Ltd. to plan Letchworth, an area 34 miles outside London. Unwin and Parker planned the town in the centre of the Letchworth estate with Howard's large agricultural greenbelt surrounding the town, and they shared Howard's notion that the working class deserved better and more affordable housing. However, the architects ignored Howard's symmetric design, instead replacing it with a more 'organic' design.
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connected to the city by railroads, streetcars, and later automobiles. The villages often included shops and civic buildings. In contrast, garden enclaves are typically strictly residential and emphasize natural and private space, instead of public and community space. The urban form of the enclaves was often coordinated through the use of early land use controls typical of modern zoning, including controlled setbacks, landscaping, and materials.
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184:. This success of this book provided him the support necessary to pursue the chance to bring his vision into reality. Howard believed that all people agreed the overcrowding and deterioration of cities was one of the troubling issues of their time. He quotes a number of respected thinkers and their disdain of cities. Howard's garden city concept combined the town and country in order to provide the
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522:-Tuinwijk (1911). After the First World War, there was a huge need for new housing, and the principles were widely applied. Social housing associations were created, often linked to political movements. In Brussels, Antwerp and Ghent new extensions of the city were built. The houses in these areas are still very popular among residents and classified as historical heritage.
831:). The greenbelt towns not only provided work and affordable housing, but also served as a laboratory for experiments in innovative urban planning. Greendale's plan was designed between 1936 and 1937 by a staff headed by Joseph Crane, Elbert Peets, Harry Bentley, and Walter C. Thomas for a site that had formerly consisted of 3,400 acres (14 km) of farmland.
169:, 120 ft (37 m) wide, extending from the centre, although he made it clear that the actual site planning should be left to experts. The garden city would be self-sufficient and when it reached full population, another would be developed nearby. Howard envisaged a cluster of several garden cities as
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Smaller developments were also inspired by the garden city philosophy and were modified to allow for residential "garden suburbs" without the commercial and industrial components of the garden city. They were built on the outskirts of cities, in rural settings. Some notable examples being, in London,
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The planned garden suburb emerged in the late 19th century as a by-product of new types of transportation were embraced by a newly prosperous merchant class. The first garden villages were built by
English estate owners, who wanted to relocate or rebuild villages on their lands. It was in these cases
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organisations, which included over two million members, but could not win their financial support. Because he had to rely only on the wealthy investors of First Garden City, Howard had to make concessions to his plan, such as eliminating the cooperative ownership scheme with no landlords, short-term
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in
Birmingham, UK, is an important residential development which was associated with the growth of 'Cadbury's Factory in a Garden'. Here garden city principles are a fundamental part of the Trust's activity. There are tight restrictions applying to the properties here such as no stonewall cladding.
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Garden suburbs were not part of Howard's plan and were actually a hindrance to garden city planning—they were in fact almost the antithesis of Howard's plan, what he tried to prevent. The suburbanisation of London was an increasing problem which Howard attempted to solve with his garden city model,
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The concept of garden cities is to produce relatively economically independent cities with short commute times and the preservation of the countryside. Garden suburbs arguably do the opposite. Garden suburbs are built on the outskirts of large cities with no sections of industry. They are therefore
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experiment which is typified by failure due to the laneways used as common entries and exits to the houses, thereby helping to ghettoise communities and encourage crime; it has ultimately triggered efforts to 'de-Radburn'-ize, or to partially demolish
American-Radburn-designed public housing areas.
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While garden cities were praised for being an alternative to overcrowded and industrial cities, along with greater sustainability, garden cities were often criticized for damaging the economy, being destructive of the beauty of nature, and being inconvenient. According to A. Trystan
Edwards, garden
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spurred the development of many new communities based on Howard's egalitarian ideas. It also affected town planning in other countries, such as Italy; the INA-Casa plan – a national public housing plan from the 1950s and '60s – designed several suburbs according to Garden City principles: examples
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and the suburb of Lalor, also in
Melbourne. The Peter Lalor Estate in Lalor takes its name from a leader of the Eureka Stockade and remains today in its original form. However it is under threat from developers and Whittlesea Council. Lalor:Peter Lalor Home Building Cooperative 1946-2012 Scollay,
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Despite the emergence of the garden suburb in
England, the typology flowered in the second half of the 19th century in United States. There were generally two garden suburb typologies, the garden village and the garden enclave. The garden villages are spatially independent of the city but remain
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In 2014 The
Letchworth Declaration was published which called for a body to accredit future garden cities in the UK. The declaration has a strong focus on the visible (architecture and layout) and the invisible (social, ownership and governance) architecture of a settlement. One result was the
237:
In reference to the lack of government support for garden cities, Frederic James Osborn, a colleague of Howard and his eventual successor at the Garden City
Association, recalled him saying, "The only way to get anything done is to do it yourself." Likely in frustration, Howard bought land at
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has offered an "implicit critique" of the garden city movement. In this way the critique of the concept resembles critiques of other suburbanization models, though author
Stephen Ward has argued that critics often do not adequately distinguish between true garden cities and more mundane
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887:, the city infrastructure and homes were well integrated into green spaces. The rebuild blueprint rethought the garden city concept and how it would best suit the city. Greenbelts and urban greenspaces have been redesigned to incorporate more living spaces.
394:. Geddes started his Tel Aviv plan in 1925 and submitted the final version in 1927, so all growth of this garden city during the 1930s was merely "based" on the Geddes Plan. Changes were inevitable. Similarly, in the 1920s, German-born Jewish architect
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workers. After a decade, the First Garden City became profitable and started paying dividends to its investors. Although many viewed
Letchworth as a success, it did not immediately inspire government investment into the next line of garden cities.
739:(parenthetically, the name "Garden City", as it applied to the Stewart-designed city on Long Island, incorporated in 1869, pre-dates that of the garden city movement, which was established some years later near the end of the nineteenth century);
1749:, and it is the only garden suburb ever to be built by the members of a workers' co-operative; it remains intact to the present. In 1887 the workers of the Anchor Shoe Company in Humberstone formed a workers' cooperative and built 97 houses.
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On 2 January 2017, plans for new garden villages, each with between 1,500 and 10,000 homes, and garden towns each with more than 10,000 houses were announced by the government. These smaller projects have been proposed due to opposition of
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Even until the end of the 1930s, Letchworth and Welwyn remained as the only existing garden cities in the United Kingdom. However, the movement did succeed in emphasizing the need for urban planning policies that eventually led to the
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cities engender desecration of the countryside by trying to recreate countryside suburbs that could spread on their own; however, this was not a possible feat due to the limited space that they had (except at their outermost edges).
578:. Along with the UK, Germany was at the forefront of the Garden Cities movement, starting in the late 19th century, part of a broader discourse on social renewal. Specific projects were typically the results of private initiatives.
1580:, one of Howard's disciples, explained the difference as "The Garden City, as Howard defined it, is not a suburb but the antithesis of a suburb: not a rural retreat, but a more integrated foundation for an effective urban life."
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in Amsterdam. In most cases, private industrial companies took the initiative. The development continued on a bigger scale after the Second World War, now initiated and controlled by municipalities, with examples such as the
224:
Letchworth slowly attracted more residents because it brought in manufacturers through low taxes, low rents, and more space. Despite Howard's best efforts, the home prices in this garden city could not remain affordable for
205:. However, these donors would collect interest on their investment if the garden city generated profits through rents or, as Fishman calls the process, "philanthropic land speculation". Howard tried to include working class
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Moira. Pre-dating these was the garden suburb of Haberfield in 1901 by Richard Stanton, organised on a vertical integrated model from land subdivision, mortgage financing, house and interior designs and site landscaping.
196:
To build a garden city, Howard needed money to buy land. He decided to get funding from "gentlemen of responsible position and undoubted probity and honour". He founded the Garden City Association (later known as the
1100:, for example, the new plan, following the Principles of Intelligent Urbanism, is an organic response to the fragile ecology. Using sustainable concepts, it is a contemporary response to the garden city concept. The
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Garden City principles greatly influenced the design of colonial and post-colonial capitals during the early part of the 20th century. This is the case for New Delhi (designed as the new capital of
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Garden Suburb. The Gidea Park estate in particular was built during two main periods of activity, 1911 and 1934. Both resulted in some good examples of domestic architecture, by such architects as
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1040:, "everything that could go wrong in a society went wrong," and "it became the centre of drugs, it became the centre of violence and, eventually, the police refused to go into it. It was hell."
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444:. As with many Garden Cities, despite goals of creating classless societies, each of these examples became increasingly exclusive and populated primarily by wealthy statesmen and celebrities.
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in the United Kingdom. The campaign continued in 2013 with the publication in March of that year of "Creating Garden Cities and Suburbs Today - a guide for councils". Also in 2013, Lord
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Kolankiewicz, Victoria, David Nichols, and Robert Freestone. "The tribulations of Walter Burley Griffin’s final Australian plan: Milleara as ‘the garden city of the future’ 1925–1965."
90:
first posited the idea in 1898 as a way to capture the primary benefits of the countryside and the city while avoiding the disadvantages presented by both. In the early 20th century,
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which attempted to end urban sprawl by the sheer inhibition of land speculation due to the land being held in trust, and the inclusion of agricultural areas on the city outskirts.
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Clevenger, Samuel M., and David L. Andrews. "Regenerating the ‘Stock’ of the Empire: Biopower and Physical Culture in English Garden City Planning Discourse, 1898-1903."
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1592:. Major innovations that defined early garden suburbs and subsequent suburban town planning include linking villa-like homes with landscaped public spaces and roads.
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1666:. Thanks to such strongly conservative local residents' associations as the Civic Society, both Hampstead and Gidea Park retain much of their original character.
1218:" in the garden city projects, as well as such quick expansion to small communities. The first wave of villages to be approved by ministers are to be located in:
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were built in or near London according to Howard's concept and many other garden cities inspired by his model have since been built all over the world.
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506:. In Belgium the Garden City movement started early, but took roots in the 1910s, directly connected to industrial development, especially that of the
62:'s three magnets diagram, which addressed the question, "Where will the people go?", with three choices being: "Town", "Country", or "Town-Country".
1936:. Peru's modern capital, Lima, was designed in 1535 by Spanish Conquistadors to replace its ancient past as a religious sanctuary with 37 pyramids.
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to house the second garden city in 1919. The purchase was at auction, with money Howard desperately and successfully borrowed from friends. The
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1741:, park islands in the middle of "grand avenues", such as Avenida Amsterdam in colonia Hipódromo. One unique example of a garden suburb is the
1194:. The United Kingdom government announced further plans for garden towns in 2015, supporting both the development of new communities in North
157:). His idealised garden city would house 32,000 people on a site of 9,000 acres (3,600 ha). Howard's diagrams presented such a city in a
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906:, declared by the influential Argentinian professor of engineering, Carlos María della Paolera, founder of "Día Mundial del Urbanismo" (
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Corporation was formed to oversee the construction. But Welwyn did not become self-sustaining because it was only 20 miles from London.
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and it has adopted TCPA garden city principles as well as those from other groups, including those from Cabannes and Ross's booklet
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built upon the Garden City Movement. In Montreal, la Cité-jardin du Tricentenaire is a classic form of Garden City located near the
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Jones, Karen R. "'The Lungs of the City': Green Space, Public Health and Bodily Metaphor in the Landscape of Urban Park History."
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991:. In Peru, there is a long tradition in urban design that has been reintroduced in its architecture more recently. In 1966, the
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project in 1907, became very influential in formalizing the garden city principles in the design of suburbs through his work
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602:. The concept of the Garden City was widely applied in different parts of the country, mainly as 'garden villages', such as
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Geertse, Michel. "The International Garden City campaign: transnational negotiations on town planning methods 1913-1926."
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Nikologianni, Anastasia, and Peter J. Larkham. "The Urban Future: Relating Garden City Ideas to the Climate Emergency."
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3730:), "The Extension of Ebenezer Howard's Ideas on Urbanization outside the British Isles: The Example of Palestine",
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marked its 108th anniversary by calling for Garden City and Garden Suburb principles to be applied to the present
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originated with this movement. Today there are many garden cities in the world, but most of them have devolved to
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was influenced by the garden city concept in the design of two of the most iconic inner-city subdivisions,
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1932:(20 km (7.7 sq mi), 850 AD) in Trujillo, north of Lima, and the 12th-century Inca city of
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Knight, Frances. "The Victorian city and the Christian imagination: from gothic city to garden city."
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1036:, was reported to have admitted with regards to an American-Radburn-designed estate in the suburb of
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Suga, Yasoku (2019). "Branded Heterotopia: Omiya Bonsai Village in Japan from 1925 to the Present".
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Suga, Yasoku (2019). "Branded Heterotopia: Omiya Bonsai Village in Japan from 1925 to the Present".
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Suga, Yasoku (2019). "Branded Heterotopia: Omiya Bonsai Village in Japan from 1925 to the Present".
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When interviewed in 1998, the architect responsible for introducing the design to public housing in
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3600:""Histoira de la Arquitectura Mexicana", Gabriela Piña Olivares, Autonomous University of Hidalgo"
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L'avènement de la cité-jardin en Belgique: histoire de l'habitat social en Belgique de 1830 à 1930
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More recent application of the principles can be found in different contexts across the world. In
436:. In Japan, several towns were inspired by the Garden City movement in the early 1900s, including
86:. These Garden Cities would contain proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture.
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Wilson, Matthew. "A new civic spirit for garden city-states: on the lifework of Sybella Gurney."
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Garden Cities and Colonial Planning: Transnationality and Urban Ideas in Africa and Palestine
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Diagram No.1: The Three Magnets (Ebenezer Howard, To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform.)
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278:, England, United Kingdom. Howard's successor as chairman of the Garden City Association was
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2217:"Garden cities in the Jewish Yishuv of Palestine: Zionist ideology and practice 1905–1945"
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In 1926, Colonia Hipódromo (a.k.a. Hipódromo de la Condesa), in what is now known as the
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movement promoting satellite communities surrounding the central city and separated with
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van Rooijen, Maurits. "Garden city versus green town: The case of Amsterdam 1910–1935."
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The concept of the Garden City was adopted again in the UK after World War II, when the
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564:. The Garden City movement was very influential in France. The concept of garden city (
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Town Planning in Practice: An Introduction to the Art of Designing Cities and Suburbs
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rent increases, and hiring architects who did not agree with his rigid design plans.
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or TCPA), which created First Garden City, Ltd. in 1899 to create the garden city of
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3753:"From metropolitan to colonial planning: Dakar between garden city and cité-jardin"
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is one of three "greenbelt" towns planned beginning in 1935 under the direction of
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Lewis, John. "Preserving and maintaining the concept of Letchworth Garden City."
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3321:"New garden towns and villages to provide 200,000 homes to ease housing shortage"
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450:. The garden city model was also applied to many colonial hill stations, such as
279:
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The subdivisions were based on the principles of the garden city as promoted by
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Le Logement social en France (1815-1981): De la cité ouvrière au grand ensemble
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Garden City" was announced in 2016 with plans to build 45,000 new homes in the
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is an early example, which was founded by a corporation in 1906, AB Grankulla.
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Oshima, Ken Tadashi (1996). "Denenchofu: Building the Garden City in Japan".
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and support for sustainable and environmentally-friendly town development in
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Ebenezer Howard's "Diagram illustrating correct principle of a city's growth"
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Miller, Mervyn. "Commemorating and celebrating Raymond Unwin (1863–1940)."
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Puutarhakaupungin kesässä tuoksuvat kukat ja maistuu jäätelö - Kaunis Grani
1933:
1909:
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and Mount Eagle Estates and the Ranelagh and Milleara Estates in Victoria.
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that architects first began designing small houses. Early examples include
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dependent on reliable transport allowing workers to commute into the city.
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Diagram No.7 (Ebenezer Howard, To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform.)
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Diagram No.6 (Ebenezer Howard, To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform.)
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Diagram No.5 (Ebenezer Howard, To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform.)
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Diagram No.4 (Ebenezer Howard, To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform.)
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Diagram No.3 (Ebenezer Howard, To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform.)
1347:
Diagram No.2 (Ebenezer Howard, To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform.)
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in Lima's district of Jesus Maria was built using the Garden City concept.
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was also designed according to Garden City principles. So too the town of
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848:) was established in 1912 based on Garden City principles. The suburb of
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in the United Kingdom by the Humberstone Anchor Tenants' Association in
1688:, designed in 1926 and inspired in part by Ebenezer Howard's Garden City
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2584:(in German), Heidelberg: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, pp. 96–99,
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designed several neighborhoods under Garden City influence, including
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an alternative to working on farms or in "crowded, unhealthy cities".
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21st Century Garden Cities of To-morrow - How to become a Garden City
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The idea of garden suburbs was implemented by the Jewish settlers in
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354:
166:
34:"Garden town" and "Garden Cities" redirect here. For other uses, see
2915:
1553:
Diagram No.2 ("Den-en Toshi (Garden City)" Tokyo: Hakubunkan, 1907.)
1541:
Diagram No.1 ("Den-en Toshi (Garden City)" Tokyo: Hakubunkan, 1907.)
27:
This article is about a method of urban planning. For the band, see
4631:
4621:
4593:
4561:
4514:
4253:
4171:
4166:
3544:
3174:
2325:
2271:
1832:
1787:, as well as in British and French colonial urban areas in Africa.
1768:, they produced a number of garden suburb estates, most notably at
1765:
1262:
1187:
1058:
667:
629:– Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City (see History above)
603:
589:
383:
375:
350:
290:
3941:
Regaining Paradise: Englishness and the Early Garden City Movement
3126:"Creating Garden Cities and Suburbs Today - a guide for councils"
2677:
978:
875:
Garden city ideals were employed in the original town planning of
4711:
4073:
1713:
1701:
1685:
1297:
1288:
1097:
921:
651:
643:
607:
585:
572:). All over the country settlements were established accordingly.
496:
455:
403:
332:
124:
920:, several neighbourhoods were planned as Garden Cities, such as
537:
472:
4814:
4697:
4161:
2081:
2069:
1784:
1639:
1293:
1199:
1186:, in early 2014, with a second also planned as an expansion of
1093:
1082:
1053:
are found in many cities and towns of the country, such as the
717:
519:
451:
387:
328:
304:
Outside the British empire, the ideas quickly spread as well.
239:
3846:
The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies
2045:
2033:
2021:
1997:
1992:(2nd ed.), London: S. Sonnenschein & Co, pp. 2–7
4456:
1195:
1074:
1066:
568:), was closely related to the concept of the 'workers city' (
467:
427:
229:
workers to live in. The populations comprised mostly skilled
173:
of a central city of 58,000 people, linked by road and rail.
3962:
The Garden City: a study in the development of a modern town
1680:
Park median in Avenida Ámsterdam, the "grand avenue" of the
1127:, which completely differ from what Howard aimed to create.
266:
in 1899. Two garden cities were built using Howard's ideas:
4151:
4016:
Stern, Robert A. M., David Fishman, and Jacob Tilove, eds.
3977:
Reade, Charles C. "A defence of the Garden City movement."
2419:
Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes
2384:
Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes
2349:
Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes
1760:
were proponents of the movement and after their arrival in
1498:
Diagram No.4 (Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow.)
1486:
Diagram No.3 (Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow.)
1474:
Diagram No.2 (Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow.)
1462:
Diagram No.1 (Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow.)
1323:
Ebenezer Howard, To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform.
1183:
541:
180:
sold enough copies to warrant a second edition, now titled
3505:
Stern, Robert A.M.; Fishman, David; Tilove, Jacob (2013).
3425:
Stern, Robert A.M.; Fishman, David; Tilove, Jacob (2013).
3400:
Stern, Robert A.M.; Fishman, David; Tilove, Jacob (2013).
3362:
Stern, Robert A.M.; Fishman, David; Tilove, Jacob (2013).
698:
and are linked via pedestrian paths to the community park.
2625:
Gartenstadt – Geschichte und Zukunftsfähigkeit einer Idee
2544:(in French). La Découverte (réédition numérique FeniXX).
430:. He referred to these neighborhoods as "Garden Suburbs."
3875:
Freestone, Robert. "The garden city idea in Australia."
3830:, London, England: Town and Country Planning Association
2141:
2105:
532:, all industrial cities founded or reconstructed by the
4063:
Britain's housing crisis: are garden cities the answer?
4018:
Paradise planned: the garden suburb and the modern city
3545:"Suburban Ideals on England's Interwar Council Estates"
3508:
Paradise Planned: The Garden Suburb and the Modern City
3428:
Paradise Planned: The Garden Suburb and the Modern City
3402:
Paradise Planned: The Garden Suburb and the Modern City
3365:
Paradise Planned: The Garden Suburb and the Modern City
1150:
for the best ideas on how to create a new garden city.
1008:
More recently, the environmental movement's embrace of
548:) were influenced by the conception of the Garden City.
257:
3486:
3343:
3229:"Bicester chosen as new garden city with 13,000 homes"
2129:
217:, a noted architect and town planner, and his partner
3746:
3571:
2857:
1565:"Den-en Toshi (Garden City)" Tokyo: Hakubunkan, 1907.
1529:"Den-en Toshi (Garden City)" Tokyo: Hakubunkan, 1907.
1517:"Den-en Toshi (Garden City)" Tokyo: Hakubunkan, 1907.
1178:
announced plans for a new garden city to be built at
119:
Howard's diagram illustrating the Garden City concept
4001:, Letchworth Garden City: New Garden City Movement,
3171:
21st Century Garden Cities of To-morrow: A manifesto
1794:
1504:"Den-en Toshi (Garden City)" Tokyo: Hakubunkan, 1907
1158:. Its aim is to be complementary to groups like the
341:. The Garden City movement was able to take root in
3964:(JM Dent & sons Limited, 1913), on Letchworth.
3289:"Black Country Garden City to get 45,000 new homes"
3259:"New garden towns to create thousands of new homes"
2992:
2990:
2093:
3504:
3424:
3399:
3361:
3319:
2913:
2622:
2314:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
2260:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
2117:
293:(capital of Australia established in 1913) and of
282:, who extended the movement to regional planning.
3795:
2916:"A Further Criticism of the Garden City Movement"
2729:The Best Kept Secrets of Parma, "The Garden City"
2087:
2075:
2057:
2051:
2039:
2027:
2009:
2003:
1412:
1309:
5283:
4056:Sir Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City Movement
3810:(3rd ed.), Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell
2987:
2839:, Vic, AU: Brimbank City Council, archived from
1848:
1279:The approved garden towns are to be located in:
1154:creation of the New Garden Cities Alliance as a
3575:El trazo de Las Lomas y de la Hipódromo Condesa
3026:Manifestations of Ebenezer Howard in Disneyland
2830:"2000 Study Site N 068—Albion—HO Selwyn Park",
2256:"Denenchōfu: Building the Garden City in Japan"
374:. The Garden City movement also influenced the
3818:Sociable Cities: the Legacy of Ebenezer Howard
2538:Butler, Rémy; Noisette, Patrice (1983-01-01).
2537:
1169:
4089:
3870:International Journal of the History of Sport
1885:Soviet urban planning ideologies of the 1920s
1606:, one of Howard's early collaborators on the
910:), as the first Garden City in South America.
596:is a prime example of the garden city concept
4069:Nature Meets Culture: Poland's Garden Cities
3994:
3199:"Ebbsfleet: Britain's first new garden city"
3168:
2966:
1450:Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow.
1438:Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow.
1426:Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow.
3929:34.5 (2019): 911-923; on Melbourne suburbs.
3657:The Encyclopedia of Australian Architecture
3169:Cabannes, Yves; Ross, Philip (2015-02-13).
2996:
2962:
2960:
2753:"Daceyville - National Museum of Australia"
2214:
4096:
4082:
3567:
3565:
3029:(MA thesis). University of South Florida.
2999:"Demolition ordered for Rosemeadow estate"
2623:Lindner, Ralph; Thomas Will, eds. (2012).
662:) are, in part, garden cities, as well as
5307:Political movements in the United Kingdom
4032:The garden city: Past, present and future
2970:The Garden City: Past, present and future
2575:
2186:
1614:(1909). The book strongly influenced the
1111:Contemporary town-planning charters like
813:United States Resettlement Administration
345:, with the development of the suburbs of
178:To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform
149:To-morrow: a Peaceful Path to Real Reform
4304:Regional Planning Association of America
3815:
3572:Manuel Sánchez de Carmona; et al.,
3349:
3116:at Town and Country Planning Association
2957:
2215:Zaidman, Miki; Kark, Ruth (2016-01-02).
2147:
2135:
2111:
1675:
1642:'s Pinnerwood conversation area and the
486:
466:
114:
65:
54:
3981:4.3 (1913): 245-251, a primary source;
3816:———; Ward, C (1998),
3562:
3368:. The Monacelli Press. pp. 17–19.
3022:
1971:
1164:21st Century Garden Cities of To-morrow
14:
5284:
3542:
3317:
2726:
2311:
2253:
1987:
751:, in the borough of Queens, New York;
4077:
3855:(Manchester University Press, 2014).
3825:
2627:(in German). Dresden: Thelem Verlag.
2470:
2123:
2015:
1956:
1692:Howard's influence reached as far as
1616:Housing and Town Planning Act of 1909
1160:Town and Country Planning Association
1132:Town and Country Planning Association
606:in Rotterdam, Tuindorp 't Lansink in
199:Town and Country Planning Association
191:
5264:
3805:
3654:
3511:. The Monacelli Press. p. 214.
3492:
3462:
2833:Post-contact Cultural Heritage Study
2416:
2381:
2346:
2099:
2063:
1174:British Chancellor of the Exchequer
819:. The two other greenbelt towns are
616:Tuindorp Watergraafsmeer (Betondorp)
426:, and Central and Western Carmel in
258:Garden cities: the spread of an idea
4375:Professional transportation planner
3820:, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons
3757:Garden Cities and Colonial Planning
3431:. The Monacelli Press. p. 48.
2914:A. Trystan Edwards (January 1914).
1928:Examples being the ancient city of
1267:Infinity Garden Village, Derbyshire
985:are also examples of Garden Cities.
964:Cidade Jardim (bairro de São Paulo)
926:Jardim Europa (bairro de São Paulo)
658:(now incorporated into the City of
650:(now incorporated into the City of
24:
4103:
3844:Bigon, Liora. "Garden Cities." in
3837:
3800:, Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell
3796:Fainstein, S; Campbell, S (2003),
2254:Oshima, Ken Tadashi (1996-06-01).
1880:Principles of Intelligent Urbanism
1752:American architects and partners,
1146:announced that he would award the
1120:Principles of Intelligent Urbanism
817:Emergency Relief Appropriation Act
25:
5333:
4049:
2778:"City of Mitcham - History Pages"
2190:Town-planning in a Brand New City
1716:area, including its iconic parks
1570:
1227:Oxfordshire Cotswold, Oxfordshire
688:National Historic Sites of Canada
307:
45:For a list of garden cities, see
5263:
5242:
5241:
5229:
3851:Bigon, Liora, and Y. Katz, eds.
2967:Stephen Ward (18 October 2005).
2932:10.3828/tpr.4.4.30717076162801hu
1797:
1558:
1546:
1534:
1522:
1510:
1491:
1479:
1467:
1455:
1443:
1431:
1419:
1400:
1388:
1376:
1364:
1352:
1340:
1328:
1316:
891:
633:
5322:Architecture related to utopias
4772:Transferable development rights
4327:Environmental impact assessment
4005:from the original on 2013-08-23
3877:Australian Geographical Studies
3773:from the original on 2024-05-25
3759:. Manchester University Press.
3740:
3721:
3710:from the original on 2017-01-16
3692:
3681:from the original on 2018-05-14
3663:
3648:
3637:from the original on 2011-07-18
3623:
3612:from the original on 2013-10-29
3592:
3551:from the original on 2013-08-11
3536:
3525:from the original on 2024-05-25
3498:
3472:
3456:
3445:from the original on 2024-05-25
3418:
3393:
3382:from the original on 2024-05-25
3355:
3332:from the original on 2018-01-16
3318:McCann, Kate (2 January 2017).
3311:
3299:from the original on 2016-10-01
3281:
3269:from the original on 2016-09-17
3251:
3239:from the original on 2016-07-17
3221:
3209:from the original on 2016-09-20
3191:
3162:
3151:from the original on 2024-05-25
3137:
3119:
3100:
3089:from the original on 2017-02-26
3075:
3044:
3033:from the original on 2015-05-18
3023:Rowland, Michelle (June 2007).
3016:
3005:from the original on 2015-09-24
2946:from the original on 2021-05-07
2907:
2896:from the original on 2017-06-25
2877:
2866:from the original on 2016-03-04
2851:
2823:
2812:from the original on 2009-12-04
2795:
2770:
2759:from the original on 2021-11-08
2745:
2720:
2709:from the original on 2013-10-05
2695:
2684:from the original on 2018-08-08
2670:
2659:from the original on 2023-12-17
2641:
2616:
2606:from the original on 2024-05-25
2576:Wilkinson, Philip, ed. (2013),
2569:
2558:from the original on 2024-05-25
2531:
2520:from the original on 2023-12-08
2502:
2491:from the original on 2024-05-25
2477:(in French). Editions Mardaga.
2464:
2445:
2410:
2375:
2340:
2305:
2294:from the original on 2024-05-25
2247:
2208:
2197:from the original on 2010-01-12
2180:
2153:
1922:
1895:Subsistence Homesteads Division
1764:to design the national capital
1702:Colonia Hipódromo de la Condesa
1686:Colonia Hipódromo de la Condesa
903:Ciudad Jardín Lomas del Palomar
844:. The Dacey Garden Suburb (now
4398:Community economic development
4177:Planning and zoning commission
3704:vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au
3675:vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au
2858:Sue Jackson-Stepowski (2008).
2193:, Brisbane: AAANZ Conference,
1981:
1965:
1950:
1413:Diagrams from the 1922 edition
1310:Diagrams from the 1898 edition
1251:Spitalgate Heath, Lincolnshire
1020:It is often referred to as an
879:. Prior to the earthquakes of
676:Powell River, British Columbia
510:. Early examples are Tuinwijk
13:
1:
3995:Ross, P; Cabannes, Y (2012),
3700:"Victorian Heritage Database"
3671:"Victorian Heritage Database"
3659:. Cambridge University Press.
3265:. United Kingdom Government.
3001:. The Sydney Morning Herald.
2802:"HV McKay memorial gardens",
2582:50 Schlüsselideen Architektur
2431:10.1080/14601176.2018.1511178
2396:10.1080/14601176.2018.1511178
2361:10.1080/14601176.2018.1511178
2233:10.1080/02665433.2015.1039051
2088:Fainstein & Campbell 2003
2076:Fainstein & Campbell 2003
2052:Fainstein & Campbell 2003
2040:Fainstein & Campbell 2003
2028:Fainstein & Campbell 2003
2004:Fainstein & Campbell 2003
1974:Dictionary of Human Geography
1943:
1849:Related urban design concepts
999:
973:(Garden City in Portuguese).
823:(near Washington, D.C.), and
471:An attempt at a garden city:
392:British Mandate for Palestine
151:in 1898 (reissued in 1902 as
110:
5011:Planning Accreditation Board
4370:Transit-oriented development
4332:Recreation resource planning
3581:(in Spanish), archived from
2973:. Routledge. pp. 205–.
2590:10.1007/978-3-8274-3066-3_25
1900:Transit Oriented Development
147:, Howard published the book
40:Garden City (disambiguation)
36:Garden town (disambiguation)
7:
4039:Journal of Planning History
3798:Readings in planning theory
3631:"Humberstone Garden Suburb"
2808:, Vic, AU: The Government,
2805:Victorian Heritage Database
2510:"Belgische steenkoolmijnen"
1790:
1739:parks and other open spaces
1304:
1170:New garden cities and towns
674:. The historic Townsite of
390:, in the 1920s, during the
29:Garden City Movement (band)
10:
5338:
5302:Sustainable urban planning
5023:Professional organizations
4380:Urban freight distribution
4355:Transportation forecasting
3960:Purdom, Charles Benjamin.
3788:
2997:Dylan Welch (2009-01-08).
1990:Garden Cities of To-morrow
1865:European Urban Renaissance
1284:Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire
1223:Long Marston, Warwickshire
1156:community interest company
1087:Metropolitan City of Milan
835:
765:Arlington County, Virginia
311:
299:capital of the Philippines
182:Garden Cities of To-morrow
161:pattern with open spaces,
154:Garden Cities of To-morrow
105:
44:
33:
26:
5259:List of planning journals
5223:
5145:
5110:
5084:
5038:
5031:
4998:
4958:
4834:
4827:
4640:
4548:
4495:
4419:
4410:
4388:
4345:
4312:
4294:
4262:
4228:History of urban planning
4209:
4200:
4139:
4111:
3633:. UK: Utopia Britannica.
3463:Hall, Peter (1996), "4",
2514:Belgische steenkoolmijnen
2187:Webberley, Helen (2008),
1961:. Routledge. p. 281.
1743:Humberstone Garden Suburb
1043:
860:which is now a suburb of
854:Adelaide, South Australia
815:, under authority of the
462:
414:in Jerusalem, as well as
318:
5195:Marine spatial planning
4707:Healthy community design
4285:Village design statement
4275:Preservation development
4270:Conservation development
4020:(Monacelli Press, 2013).
3979:The Town Planning Review
3884:Journal of Urban History
3543:Hollow, Matthew (2011).
3145:"Letchworth Declaration"
2920:The Town Planning Review
1959:Encyclopedia of the City
1915:
1670:Bournville Village Trust
1275:North Cheshire, Cheshire
722:Newport News, Virginia's
274:, both in the county of
5210:Real estate development
4941:List of urban theorists
4437:City Beautiful movement
4365:Rational planning model
4347:Transportation planning
4337:Sustainable development
3891:Environment and History
3404:. The Monacelli Press.
2727:Horley, Robert (1998).
2649:"Western Garden Cities"
1818:City Beautiful movement
1624:Hampstead Garden Suburb
1242:West Carclaze, Cornwall
1148:Wolfson Economics Prize
491:The Workers Academy in
365:
289:after World War I), of
264:Garden City Association
52:Urban planning movement
5254:List of planned cities
5190:Landscape architecture
4946:List of urban planners
4668:Conservation community
4505:Collaborative planning
4314:Environmental planning
4222:Comprehensive planning
4041:17.4 (2018): 320-344.
3083:"National Parks Board"
2471:Smets, Marcel (1977).
2168:, TCPA, archived from
1828:Greater city movements
1689:
1608:Letchworth Garden City
993:Residencial San Felipe
710:New Rochelle, New York
623:(a part of Amsterdam).
584:. Originally built in
499:
484:
481:František Lydie Gahura
440:, Yamato Village, and
297:(established in 1939,
268:Letchworth Garden City
120:
96:Brentham Garden Suburb
71:
63:
5165:Development economics
5016:Real estate education
4976:James Howard Kunstler
4901:Konstantinos Doxiadis
4782:Urban growth boundary
4722:Mixed-use development
4617:Intentional community
3950:30.1 (2015): 129-140.
3948:Planning Perspectives
3936:30.1 (2015): 153-163.
3934:Planning perspectives
3927:Planning Perspectives
3886:42.4 (2016): 733-752.
3655:Goad, Philip (2012).
2221:Planning Perspectives
1957:Caves, R. W. (2004).
1758:Marion Mahony Griffin
1754:Walter Burley Griffin
1679:
1644:Romford Garden Suburb
1300:, Essex-Hertfordshire
1271:St Cuthberts, Cumbria
1210:on brownfield sites.
850:Colonel Light Gardens
781:Baldwin Hills Village
737:Garden City, New York
664:The Kingsway, Toronto
621:Westelijke Tuinsteden
514:(1908), Tuinwijk van
495:, the garden city of
490:
470:
314:List of garden cities
312:Further information:
301:from 1948 to 1976).
262:Howard organised the
118:
69:
58:
47:List of garden cities
4717:Leapfrog development
4663:Complete Communities
4520:Intelligent urbanism
4447:Garden city movement
4390:Economic development
4322:Environmental design
4027:5.3 (1990): 285-293.
4025:Planning Perspective
3350:Hall & Ward 1998
2148:Hall & Ward 1998
2136:Hall & Ward 1998
2112:Hall & Ward 1998
1843:Utopian architecture
1728:Lomas de Chapultepec
1706:Lomas de Chapultepec
1628:Sutton Garden Suburb
1263:Bailrigg, Lancashire
1254:Halsnead, Merseyside
805:Greendale, Wisconsin
789:Punta Gorda, Florida
749:Forest Hills Gardens
686:, are recognized as
684:Halifax, Nova Scotia
442:Omiya Bonsai Village
144:Progress and Poverty
76:garden city movement
5297:Planned communities
5123:Communist countries
4747:Planning Permission
4684:Filtering (housing)
4658:Cluster development
4467:Settlement movement
4452:Indigenous planning
3939:Meacham, Standish.
3911:48.1 (2021): 37-53
3893:24.1 (2018): 39-58
3879:20.1 (1982): 24-48.
3706:. January 5, 2007.
3677:. January 5, 2007.
3467:, Oxford: BlackWell
3235:. 2 December 2014.
2653:Van Eesteren Museum
1972:Goodall, B (1987),
1855:Ecological urbanism
1247:Dunton Hills, Essex
1238:Welborne, Hampshire
821:Greenbelt, Maryland
809:Rexford Guy Tugwell
757:Greenbelt, Maryland
753:Radburn, New Jersey
704:. Examples include
382:in the planning of
280:Sir Frederic Osborn
78:was a 20th century
5317:1898 introductions
5006:Planning education
4966:Elizabeth Farrelly
4810:High-rise urbanism
4648:Affordable housing
4187:World Urbanism Day
4034:(Routledge, 2005).
3988:2022-01-23 at the
3971:2023-06-30 at the
3957:11.2 (2022): 147+.
3918:2022-01-23 at the
3900:2022-01-23 at the
3862:2015-06-23 at the
3808:Cities of Tomorrow
3495:, pp. 110–12.
3480:Design on the Land
3465:Cities of Tomorrow
3131:2013-07-06 at the
3112:2013-08-12 at the
3052:"City in a Garden"
2457:2021-05-16 at the
1988:Howard, E (1902),
1890:Street reclamation
1737:, including ample
1696:, where architect
1690:
1202:, Oxfordshire. A "
908:World Urbanism Day
694:. All streets are
614:in Amsterdam, and
500:
485:
272:Welwyn Garden City
244:Welwyn Garden City
192:First developments
121:
100:Welwyn Garden City
72:
64:
5279:
5278:
5236:Cities portal
5160:Civil engineering
5141:
5140:
4994:
4993:
4823:
4822:
4791:Peri-urbanisation
4611:Planned community
4442:Dark-sky movement
4432:Car-free movement
4406:
4405:
4360:Trip distribution
4296:Regional planning
4249:Urban green space
4217:Land-use planning
4192:Labor market area
4182:Growth management
4157:Metropolitan area
4058:Norman Lucey 1973
3826:Hardy, D (1999),
3766:978-1-5261-0678-0
3295:. 13 March 2016.
3184:978-1-291-47827-3
2980:978-1-135-82895-0
2731:. Robert Horley.
2634:978-3-942411-33-2
2599:978-3-8274-3066-3
2551:978-2-348-01090-3
2484:978-2-87009-082-4
2162:History 1899–1999
1976:, London: Penguin
1781:Mandate Palestine
1664:Berthold Lubetkin
1289:Taunton, Somerset
1258:Longcross, Surrey
1125:dormitory suburbs
1106:Bay Lake, Florida
948:Alto de Pinheiros
777:Norris, Tennessee
612:Tuindorp Oostzaan
604:Tuindorp Vreewijk
252:New Town movement
165:, and six radial
16:(Redirected from
5329:
5267:
5266:
5245:
5244:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5185:Land development
5036:
5035:
4871:Donald Appleyard
4832:
4831:
4582:Mining community
4535:Radical planning
4482:Transition towns
4417:
4416:
4233:Spatial planning
4207:
4206:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4075:
4074:
4061:Patrick Barkham
4012:
4011:
4010:
3831:
3821:
3811:
3806:Hall, P (2002),
3801:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3744:
3738:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3611:
3604:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3580:
3569:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3468:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3359:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3323:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3141:
3135:
3123:
3117:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3063:
3057:. Archived from
3056:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
2994:
2985:
2984:
2964:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2891:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2838:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2780:. Archived from
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2468:
2462:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2167:
2157:
2151:
2150:, pp. 52–3.
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2114:, pp. 45–7.
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1954:
1937:
1926:
1905:Transition Towns
1823:Garden buildings
1807:
1805:Gardening portal
1802:
1801:
1698:José Luis Cuevas
1562:
1550:
1538:
1526:
1514:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1459:
1447:
1435:
1423:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1368:
1356:
1344:
1332:
1320:
1180:Ebbsfleet Valley
1096:'s capital city
1079:Cesate Villaggio
972:
945:
934:
900:. An example is
825:Greenhills, Ohio
783:in Los Angeles;
771:neighborhood in
528:. In the former
396:Richard Kauffman
130:Looking Backward
123:Inspired by the
21:
5337:
5336:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5230:
5228:
5219:
5215:Social sciences
5175:Urban economics
5147:
5137:
5106:
5080:
5027:
4990:
4954:
4921:Peter Calthorpe
4876:Ebenezer Howard
4837:
4819:
4806:Verticalization
4636:
4544:
4530:Market urbanism
4525:Livable streets
4491:
4412:
4402:
4384:
4341:
4308:
4290:
4258:
4202:
4196:
4135:
4107:
4102:
4052:
4047:
4030:Ward, Stephen.
4008:
4006:
3990:Wayback Machine
3973:Wayback Machine
3920:Wayback Machine
3902:Wayback Machine
3864:Wayback Machine
3848:(2019) pp: 1-6.
3840:
3838:Further reading
3835:
3791:
3786:
3785:
3776:
3774:
3767:
3751:, eds. (2014).
3745:
3741:
3726:
3722:
3713:
3711:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3684:
3682:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3653:
3649:
3640:
3638:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3585:
3578:
3570:
3563:
3554:
3552:
3541:
3537:
3528:
3526:
3519:
3503:
3499:
3491:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3461:
3457:
3448:
3446:
3439:
3423:
3419:
3412:
3398:
3394:
3385:
3383:
3376:
3360:
3356:
3348:
3344:
3335:
3333:
3316:
3312:
3302:
3300:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3240:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3212:
3210:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3185:
3167:
3163:
3154:
3152:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3133:Wayback Machine
3124:
3120:
3114:Wayback Machine
3105:
3101:
3092:
3090:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3036:
3034:
3021:
3017:
3008:
3006:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2965:
2958:
2949:
2947:
2912:
2908:
2899:
2897:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2869:
2867:
2856:
2852:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2815:
2813:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2787:
2785:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2762:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2725:
2721:
2712:
2710:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2687:
2685:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2662:
2660:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2621:
2617:
2609:
2607:
2600:
2574:
2570:
2561:
2559:
2552:
2536:
2532:
2523:
2521:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2494:
2492:
2485:
2469:
2465:
2459:Wayback Machine
2450:
2446:
2415:
2411:
2380:
2376:
2345:
2341:
2310:
2306:
2297:
2295:
2252:
2248:
2213:
2209:
2200:
2198:
2185:
2181:
2172:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2110:
2106:
2098:
2094:
2086:
2082:
2074:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2026:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1986:
1982:
1970:
1966:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1860:EPCOT (concept)
1851:
1803:
1796:
1793:
1735:Ebenezer Howard
1573:
1566:
1563:
1554:
1551:
1542:
1539:
1530:
1527:
1518:
1515:
1506:
1499:
1496:
1487:
1484:
1475:
1472:
1463:
1460:
1451:
1448:
1439:
1436:
1427:
1424:
1415:
1408:
1405:
1396:
1393:
1384:
1381:
1372:
1369:
1360:
1357:
1348:
1345:
1336:
1333:
1324:
1321:
1312:
1307:
1172:
1046:
1030:New South Wales
1002:
966:
960:Jardim da Saúde
939:
928:
894:
838:
745:Jackson Heights
733:Chatham Village
692:Olympic Stadium
636:
465:
368:
361:near Cape Town.
321:
316:
310:
260:
194:
113:
108:
88:Ebenezer Howard
60:Ebenezer Howard
53:
50:
43:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5335:
5325:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5312:Urban forestry
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5292:Garden suburbs
5277:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5239:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5151:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5114:
5112:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5076:United Kingdom
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5056:Czech Republic
5053:
5048:
5042:
5040:
5033:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5002:
5000:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4986:Randal O'Toole
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4962:
4960:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4926:Patrick Geddes
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4906:Kevin A. Lynch
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4886:Guy Benveniste
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4866:Daniel Burnham
4863:
4861:Colin Buchanan
4858:
4856:Clarence Stein
4853:
4851:Clarence Perry
4848:
4842:
4840:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4803:
4798:
4796:Urban vitality
4793:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4703:Healthy cities
4700:
4695:
4693:Brusselization
4689:Gentrification
4686:
4681:
4678:Eminent domain
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4608:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4554:
4552:
4550:Cities by type
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4510:Context theory
4507:
4501:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4427:Athens Charter
4423:
4421:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4394:
4392:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4351:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4318:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4230:
4225:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4105:Urban planning
4101:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4065:2 October 2014
4059:
4051:
4050:External links
4048:
4046:
4045:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4014:
3992:
3975:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3905:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3866:
3849:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3823:
3813:
3803:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3765:
3739:
3720:
3691:
3662:
3647:
3622:
3591:
3561:
3535:
3518:978-1580933261
3517:
3497:
3485:
3471:
3455:
3438:978-1580933261
3437:
3417:
3411:978-1580933261
3410:
3392:
3375:978-1580933261
3374:
3354:
3342:
3310:
3280:
3250:
3220:
3190:
3183:
3161:
3136:
3118:
3099:
3074:
3043:
3015:
2986:
2979:
2956:
2926:(4): 312–318.
2906:
2876:
2850:
2822:
2794:
2769:
2744:
2737:
2719:
2694:
2669:
2640:
2633:
2615:
2598:
2568:
2550:
2530:
2501:
2483:
2463:
2444:
2409:
2374:
2339:
2326:10.2307/991116
2320:(2): 140–151.
2304:
2272:10.2307/991116
2266:(2): 140–151.
2246:
2207:
2179:
2152:
2140:
2128:
2116:
2104:
2102:, p. 100.
2092:
2080:
2068:
2056:
2044:
2032:
2020:
2008:
1996:
1980:
1964:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1875:Green urbanism
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1792:
1789:
1747:Leicestershire
1731:
1730:
1724:
1572:
1571:Garden suburbs
1569:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1291:
1286:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1176:George Osborne
1171:
1168:
1045:
1042:
1015:dormitory city
1001:
998:
997:
996:
986:
922:Jardim América
911:
893:
890:
889:
888:
870:
837:
834:
833:
832:
811:, head of the
801:Shaker Heights
725:Hilton Village
706:Residence Park
699:
680:the Hydrostone
635:
632:
631:
630:
627:United Kingdom
624:
597:
579:
573:
559:
549:
530:Czechoslovakia
523:
464:
461:
460:
459:
445:
431:
416:Hadar HaCarmel
380:Patrick Geddes
367:
364:
363:
362:
336:
320:
317:
309:
308:Early examples
306:
259:
256:
193:
190:
135:Edward Bellamy
112:
109:
107:
104:
80:urban planning
51:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5334:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5272:
5271:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5226:
5225:
5222:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5205:Public policy
5203:
5201:
5200:Public health
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5170:Urban ecology
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5144:
5134:
5133:Ancient Egypt
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5030:
5024:
5021:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4981:Lewis Mumford
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4931:Raymond Unwin
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4838:practitioners
4833:
4830:
4826:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4767:Tract housing
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4757:Temporary use
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4742:Planning gain
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4673:Creative city
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4627:Urban village
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4606:Model village
4604:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4567:Commuter town
4565:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4541:
4540:Urban renewal
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4477:Structuralism
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4415:
4409:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4280:Rural housing
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4239:Redevelopment
4237:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4205:
4199:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4099:
4094:
4092:
4087:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3909:Urban History
3906:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3872:(2021): 1-20.
3871:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3857:online review
3854:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3793:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3747:Liora Bigon;
3743:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3658:
3651:
3636:
3632:
3626:
3608:
3601:
3595:
3588:on 2013-10-29
3584:
3577:
3576:
3568:
3566:
3550:
3546:
3539:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3501:
3494:
3489:
3481:
3475:
3466:
3459:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3407:
3403:
3396:
3381:
3377:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3358:
3352:, p. 41.
3351:
3346:
3331:
3327:
3326:The Telegraph
3322:
3314:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3208:
3204:
3203:The Telegraph
3200:
3194:
3186:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3122:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3107:Garden Cities
3103:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3064:on 2012-09-14
3060:
3053:
3047:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3019:
3004:
3000:
2993:
2991:
2982:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2963:
2961:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2895:
2892:, Panoramio,
2888:
2887:
2880:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2846:on 2009-10-22
2842:
2835:
2834:
2826:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2798:
2784:on 2009-10-12
2783:
2779:
2773:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2740:
2738:0-9661721-0-8
2734:
2730:
2723:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2636:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2578:"Gartenstadt"
2572:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2534:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2467:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2175:on 2011-07-27
2171:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2144:
2138:, p. 46.
2137:
2132:
2125:
2120:
2113:
2108:
2101:
2096:
2090:, p. 50.
2089:
2084:
2078:, p. 48.
2077:
2072:
2066:, p. 68.
2065:
2060:
2054:, p. 47.
2053:
2048:
2042:, p. 46.
2041:
2036:
2030:, p. 43.
2029:
2024:
2017:
2012:
2006:, p. 42.
2005:
2000:
1991:
1984:
1975:
1968:
1960:
1953:
1949:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1921:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1813:Charles Reade
1811:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1783:and later in
1782:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1722:Parque España
1719:
1718:Parque México
1715:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1604:Raymond Unwin
1601:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1578:Lewis Mumford
1561:
1556:
1549:
1544:
1537:
1532:
1525:
1520:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1494:
1489:
1482:
1477:
1470:
1465:
1458:
1453:
1446:
1441:
1434:
1429:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1403:
1398:
1391:
1386:
1379:
1374:
1367:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1343:
1338:
1331:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1208:West Midlands
1205:
1204:Black Country
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1144:Simon Wolfson
1141:
1137:
1133:
1130:In 2007, the
1128:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1085:(part of the
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1050:New Towns Act
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1010:urban density
1006:
994:
990:
987:
984:
980:
977:, capital of
976:
970:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
943:
938:
932:
927:
923:
919:
915:
912:
909:
905:
904:
899:
896:
895:
892:South America
886:
882:
878:
874:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
840:
839:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:United States
700:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
638:
637:
634:North America
628:
625:
622:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
598:
595:
591:
588:(now part of
587:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
570:cité ouvrière
567:
563:
560:
557:
553:
550:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
524:
521:
517:
513:
512:Beringen-Mijn
509:
505:
502:
501:
498:
494:
489:
482:
478:
474:
469:
457:
453:
449:
446:
443:
439:
435:
432:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
378:urbanist Sir
377:
373:
370:
369:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
337:
334:
330:
326:
323:
322:
315:
305:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:British India
283:
281:
277:
276:Hertfordshire
273:
269:
265:
255:
253:
247:
245:
241:
235:
232:
228:
222:
220:
216:
215:Raymond Unwin
211:
208:
204:
200:
189:
187:
186:working class
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
132:
131:
126:
117:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
68:
61:
57:
48:
41:
37:
30:
19:
18:Garden suburb
5269:
5246:
5227:
5155:Architecture
5128:Nazi Germany
4936:Thomas Adams
4916:Loretta Lees
4911:Le Corbusier
4881:Edmund Bacon
4846:Andrés Duany
4801:Urbanization
4787:Urban sprawl
4752:Rural flight
4732:Permeability
4727:Model cities
4599:Logging camp
4558:Company town
4472:Smart growth
4462:New Urbanism
4446:
4244:Urban design
4038:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4007:, retrieved
3997:
3978:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3908:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3852:
3845:
3827:
3817:
3807:
3797:
3775:. Retrieved
3756:
3742:
3723:
3712:. Retrieved
3703:
3694:
3683:. Retrieved
3674:
3665:
3656:
3650:
3639:. Retrieved
3625:
3614:. Retrieved
3594:
3583:the original
3574:
3553:. Retrieved
3538:
3527:. Retrieved
3507:
3500:
3488:
3479:
3474:
3464:
3458:
3447:. Retrieved
3427:
3420:
3401:
3395:
3384:. Retrieved
3364:
3357:
3345:
3334:. Retrieved
3325:
3313:
3301:. Retrieved
3292:
3283:
3271:. Retrieved
3262:
3253:
3241:. Retrieved
3232:
3223:
3211:. Retrieved
3202:
3193:
3170:
3164:
3153:. Retrieved
3139:
3121:
3102:
3091:. Retrieved
3077:
3066:. Retrieved
3059:the original
3046:
3035:. Retrieved
3025:
3018:
3007:. Retrieved
2969:
2948:. Retrieved
2923:
2919:
2909:
2898:, retrieved
2885:
2879:
2868:. Retrieved
2860:"Haberfield"
2853:
2841:the original
2832:
2825:
2814:, retrieved
2804:
2797:
2786:. Retrieved
2782:the original
2772:
2761:. Retrieved
2747:
2728:
2722:
2711:. Retrieved
2697:
2686:. Retrieved
2672:
2661:. Retrieved
2652:
2643:
2624:
2618:
2608:, retrieved
2581:
2571:
2560:. Retrieved
2540:
2533:
2522:. Retrieved
2516:(in Dutch).
2513:
2504:
2493:. Retrieved
2473:
2466:
2461:(in Finnish)
2447:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2390:(1): 77–89.
2387:
2383:
2377:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2296:. Retrieved
2263:
2259:
2249:
2227:(1): 13–14.
2224:
2220:
2210:
2199:, retrieved
2189:
2182:
2170:the original
2161:
2155:
2143:
2131:
2126:, p. 8.
2119:
2107:
2095:
2083:
2071:
2059:
2047:
2035:
2023:
2018:, p. 4.
2011:
1999:
1989:
1983:
1973:
1967:
1958:
1952:
1934:Machu Picchu
1924:
1910:Urban forest
1778:
1751:
1732:
1726:In 1928–29,
1691:
1684:subdivision
1668:
1660:Wells Coates
1620:
1611:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:Milton Abbas
1582:
1574:
1278:
1216:urban sprawl
1212:
1173:
1163:
1152:
1129:
1118:
1114:New Urbanism
1112:
1110:
1102:Epcot Center
1091:
1047:
1027:
1022:urban-design
1019:
1007:
1003:
988:
937:Alto da Lapa
913:
901:
897:
877:Christchurch
873:New Zealand.
872:
841:
785:Rotunda West
701:
682:district of
639:
626:
599:
594:Wekerletelep
581:
575:
569:
565:
561:
551:
525:
518:(1910), and
503:
479:(architect:
458:(est. 1907).
447:
438:Den-en-chofu
433:
424:Newe Shaanan
412:Kiryat Moshe
408:Bayit ve-Gan
400:Beth HaKerem
371:
343:South Africa
339:South Africa
338:
335:(est. 1929).
324:
303:
284:
261:
248:
236:
231:middle class
223:
219:Barry Parker
212:
195:
181:
177:
175:
163:public parks
152:
148:
142:
139:Henry George
128:
122:
75:
73:
5148:disciplines
4971:Jane Jacobs
4896:James Rouse
4777:Urban decay
4762:Third place
4737:Placemaking
4587:Pit village
4577:Global city
2890:(photogram)
1838:Roof garden
1704:(1926) and
1694:Mexico City
1682:Mexico City
1235:Culm, Devon
1231:Deenethorpe
1192:Oxfordshire
981:state, and
967: [
940: [
929: [
795:suburbs of
773:New Orleans
696:cul-de-sacs
672:Mount Royal
656:Walkerville
600:Netherlands
592:) in 1908,
566:cité jardin
546:Partizánske
359:Durbanville
357:as well as
295:Quezon City
227:blue-collar
207:cooperative
5286:Categories
4891:Ian McHarg
4836:Theorists/
4613:(New town)
4572:Ghost town
4411:Concepts/
4147:Urban area
4009:2013-05-14
3777:2021-11-18
3749:Yossi Katz
3728:Yossi Katz
3714:2020-05-18
3685:2020-05-18
3641:2011-03-28
3616:2013-10-24
3555:2012-12-29
3529:2023-12-26
3449:2023-12-26
3386:2023-12-26
3336:2018-04-04
3155:2015-10-10
3093:2017-02-19
3068:2017-02-19
3037:2015-05-14
3009:2015-09-17
2950:2020-12-09
2900:2017-12-02
2870:2016-04-26
2816:2009-08-28
2788:2009-09-08
2763:2021-11-08
2713:2013-02-03
2688:2018-10-25
2663:2023-12-16
2610:2023-12-18
2562:2023-12-26
2524:2023-12-18
2495:2023-12-26
2298:2023-12-18
2201:2009-01-25
2124:Hardy 1999
2016:Hardy 1999
1944:References
1870:Green belt
1708:(1928-9):
1648:Gidea Park
1057:suburb in
1034:Philip Cox
1000:Criticisms
956:Interlagos
846:Daceyville
829:Cincinnati
791:, and the
769:Lake Vista
761:Buckingham
729:Pittsburgh
714:Woodbourne
670:suburb of
556:Kauniainen
534:Bata Shoes
508:coal mines
493:Kauniainen
203:Letchworth
171:satellites
167:boulevards
159:concentric
111:Conception
92:Letchworth
84:greenbelts
5180:Geography
5092:Barcelona
5071:Singapore
5046:Australia
5039:Countries
4653:Cityscape
4420:Movements
3828:1899–1999
3493:Hall 2002
2703:"{title}"
2678:"{title}"
2439:166160488
2425:(1): 79.
2404:166160488
2369:166160488
2355:(1): 78.
2280:0037-9808
2241:0266-5433
2100:Hall 2002
2064:Hall 2002
1930:Chan Chan
1772:with the
1770:Eaglemont
1762:Australia
1656:Wavertree
1652:Liverpool
1632:Benhilton
1140:Eco-towns
1136:New Towns
1038:Villawood
918:São Paulo
898:Argentina
862:Melbourne
842:Australia
793:Cleveland
741:Sunnyside
648:Don Mills
646:towns of
536:company (
516:Zwartberg
420:Bat Galim
355:Cape Town
347:Pinelands
213:In 1904,
176:Howard's
5248:Category
5097:Shanghai
4999:Training
4641:Concepts
4632:Boomtown
4622:Arcology
4594:Man camp
4562:Monotown
4515:Ekistics
4497:Theories
4413:theories
4254:Urbanism
4203:branches
4172:Planning
4167:Land use
4121:Theories
4003:archived
3986:Archived
3969:Archived
3916:Archived
3898:Archived
3860:Archived
3771:Archived
3736:41146338
3708:Archived
3679:Archived
3635:Archived
3607:Archived
3549:Archived
3523:Archived
3443:Archived
3380:Archived
3330:Archived
3297:Archived
3293:BBC News
3267:Archived
3237:Archived
3233:BBC News
3207:Archived
3175:Lulu.com
3149:Archived
3129:Archived
3110:Archived
3087:Archived
3031:Archived
3003:Archived
2944:Archived
2940:40100071
2894:archived
2886:37676518
2864:Archived
2810:archived
2757:Archived
2707:Archived
2682:Archived
2657:Archived
2604:archived
2556:Archived
2518:Archived
2489:Archived
2455:Archived
2292:Archived
2195:archived
1833:Greening
1791:See also
1766:Canberra
1650:and, in
1586:Harewood
1305:Diagrams
1188:Bicester
1089:), etc.
1063:Falchera
1059:Florence
1055:Isolotto
866:Victoria
858:Sunshine
668:Montreal
666:and the
590:Budapest
384:Tel Aviv
376:Scottish
351:Edgemead
291:Canberra
141:'s work
5270:Commons
5146:Related
4959:Critics
4712:LEED-ND
4210:General
4140:General
4131:Outline
4116:History
3943:(1999).
3789:Sources
1774:Glenard
1714:Condesa
1298:Gilston
1098:Thimphu
1017:plans.
983:Maringá
975:Goiânia
952:Butantã
836:Oceania
660:Windsor
652:Toronto
644:Ontario
608:Hengelo
586:Kispest
582:Hungary
576:Germany
552:Finland
526:Czechia
504:Belgium
497:Finland
477:Czechia
456:Vietnam
448:Vietnam
404:Rehavia
333:Morocco
325:Morocco
125:utopian
106:History
5118:Africa
5102:Sydney
5085:Cities
5066:Serbia
5061:Russia
5032:Places
4828:People
4815:Zoning
4698:Infill
4162:Suburb
4043:online
3983:online
3966:online
3913:online
3895:online
3763:
3734:
3515:
3435:
3408:
3372:
3303:1 July
3273:1 July
3263:Gov.uk
3243:1 July
3213:1 July
3181:
2977:
2938:
2735:
2631:
2596:
2548:
2481:
2437:
2402:
2367:
2334:991116
2332:
2288:991116
2286:
2278:
2239:
1785:Israel
1640:Pinner
1636:Sutton
1626:, the
1296:&
1294:Harlow
1200:Didcot
1094:Bhutan
1083:Cesate
1044:Legacy
962:, and
914:Brazil
827:(near
767:; the
718:Boston
678:, and
654:) and
642:. The
640:Canada
562:France
520:Eisden
463:Europe
452:Da Lat
388:Israel
372:Israel
329:Ifrane
319:Africa
240:Welwyn
137:, and
127:novel
98:, and
5111:Other
5051:China
4487:YIMBY
4457:NIMBY
4263:Rural
4235:(Eur)
4201:Major
4126:Index
3732:JSTOR
3610:(PDF)
3603:(PDF)
3586:(PDF)
3579:(PDF)
3062:(PDF)
3055:(PDF)
2936:JSTOR
2844:(PDF)
2837:(PDF)
2435:S2CID
2400:S2CID
2365:S2CID
2330:JSTOR
2284:JSTOR
2173:(PDF)
2166:(PDF)
1916:Notes
1196:Essex
1075:Milan
1071:Harar
1067:Turin
979:Goiás
971:]
944:]
933:]
916:. In
797:Parma
787:near
434:Japan
428:Haifa
4680:(US)
4287:(UK)
4224:(US)
4152:City
3955:Land
3761:ISBN
3513:ISBN
3433:ISBN
3406:ISBN
3370:ISBN
3305:2016
3275:2016
3245:2016
3215:2016
3179:ISBN
2975:ISBN
2733:ISBN
2629:ISBN
2594:ISBN
2546:ISBN
2479:ISBN
2276:ISSN
2237:ISSN
1756:and
1720:and
1662:and
1588:and
1184:Kent
1138:and
1117:and
989:Peru
885:2011
883:and
881:2010
799:and
542:Svit
538:Zlín
473:Zlín
410:and
366:Asia
349:and
270:and
74:The
38:and
2928:doi
2586:doi
2427:doi
2392:doi
2357:doi
2322:doi
2268:doi
2229:doi
1646:in
1630:in
1104:in
1081:in
1073:in
1065:in
864:in
852:in
763:in
731:'s
716:in
708:in
475:in
454:in
353:in
331:in
133:by
5288::
4808:/
4789:/
4705:/
4691:/
4560:/
3769:.
3755:.
3702:.
3673:.
3605:.
3564:^
3547:.
3521:.
3441:.
3378:.
3328:.
3324:.
3291:.
3261:.
3231:.
3205:.
3201:.
3177:.
3173:.
3147:.
3085:.
2989:^
2959:^
2942:.
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2862:.
2755:.
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2602:,
2592:,
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1032:,
969:pt
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924:,
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386:,
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4097:e
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