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Cisalpine Gaul

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4148: 822: 1557:"Concerning the Heneti there are two different accounts: Some say that the Heneti too are colonists of those Celti of like name who live on the ocean-coast; while others say that certain of the Heneti of Paphlagonia escaped hither with Antenor from the Trojan war, and, as testimony in this, adduce their devotion to the breeding of horses — a devotion which now, indeed, has wholly disappeared, although formerly it was prized among them, from the fact of their ancient rivalry in the matter of producing mares for mule-breeding." 31: 454: 833: 190: 5677: 2398: 5666: 1008:. Apart from Lepontic, the "Cisalpine Gaulish language" proper would be the Gaulish language as spoken by the Gauls invading northern Italy in the 4th century BC. This is a dialect of the larger Gaulish language, with some known phonetic features distinguishing it from Transalpine dialects, such as 981:
to the south. The Golasecca culture was initially concentrated in the foothills area south of the Alps. It later spread throughout the lakes area, and established many settlements representing this original culture. The oldest remains found thus far can be dated from the 9th century BC.
1527:
History of the Roman World: 753 to 146 BC by H. H. Scullard,2002, page 16: "... of healing. In the fourth century, their culture became so Celticized that Polybius described the second-century Veneti as practically in- distinguishable
1128: 385:
was a Celtic language with some similarity to Gaulish. The Ligurian-Celtic question is also discussed by Barruol (1999). Ancient Ligurian is listed either as Celtic (epigraphic) or Para-Celtic (onomastic).
883:
The Canegrate culture testifies to the arrival of Urnfield migratory wave of populations from the northwest part of the Alps that, crossing the alpine passes, had infiltrated and settled in the western
237:(16th–15th century BC), when, regarding the production of bronze artefacts, including ornaments, North Western Italy appears to have been closely linked to the western groups of the 3599: 1553:), although, on account of the likeness of name, people call them Paphlagonians. I do not speak positively, however, for with reference to such matters probability suffices." 1545:"It is these Veneti , I think, who settled the colony that is on the Adriatic (for about all the Celti that are in Italy migrated from the transalpine land, just as did the 5723: 1855:, Seminario di Studi (Milano 27-28.2.1998), “Rassegna di Studi del Civico Museo Archeologico e del Civico Gabinetto Numismatico di Milano”, LXIII-LXIV, pp. 101–108. 2358: 1565:
says that Antenor and his children safely escaped to Thrace with the survivors of the Heneti, and from there got across to the Adriatic Henetice, as it is called."
1815: 1805: 1785:
Corbella, Roberto: "Magia e mistero nella terra dei Celti : Como, Varesotto, Ossola"; Macchione, Varese 2004; 159 p. : ill. ; 25 cm;
1775:
Corbella, Roberto: "Celti : itinerari storici e turistici tra Lombardia, Piemonte, Svizzera", Macchione, Varese c2000; 119 p., ill.; 20 cm;
1858: 565:
In 391 BC, Celts "who had their homes beyond the Alps, streamed through the passes in great strength and seized the territory that lay between the
5718: 4736: 658: 1257: 1202: 1173: 201:(13th century BC) may represent the first migratory wave of the proto-Celtic population from the northwest part of the Alps that, through the 4768: 1834:
Grassi, Maria Teresa: "La ceramica a vernice nera di Calvatone-Bedriacum", All'Insegna del Giglio, Firenze 2008, pp. 224 brossura, ISSN/
5399: 4751: 915:
The population of Canegrate maintained its own homogeneity for a limited period, approximately a century, after which it blended with the
193:
Map of Cisalpine Gaul showing in blue the approximate distributions of Celtic populations in the area during the 4th and 3rd centuries BC.
245:, 1600 BC – 1200 BC). The bearers of the Canegrate culture maintained its homogeneity for only a century, after which it melded with the 5363: 4293: 1619: 1327: 644: 305:) itself was presumably founded by Gauls in the early 6th century BC; its name has a Celtic etymology: " in the middle of the plain". 1641: 425:(64 BC–AD 24), on the other hand, conjectured that the Adriatic Veneti were descended from Celts, who in turn were related to a later 5728: 5497: 4084: 2056: 2027: 666: 5404: 628: 4969: 4104: 4094: 1945: 4181: 4124: 4109: 4099: 1886:
Kruta, Venceslas: "La grande storia dei celti. La nascita, l'affermazione e la decadenza", Newton & Compton, 2003, 512 p.,
651:, also resulting in a Roman defeat, forcing Rome to temporarily abandon Gallia Cisalpina altogether, returning only after the 355:
of northern Europe. Little is known of the Ligurian language. Only place names and personal names remain. It appears to be an
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I Celti della Cisalpina Centrale: dall’ager Insubrium alla XI Regio Transpadana, in Insubri e Cenomani tra Sesia e Adige
752:, Julius Caesar precipitated the civil war within the Roman Republic which led, eventually, to the establishment of the 327:
lived on the Northern Mediterranean Coast straddling southeast French and North-west Italian coasts, including parts of
233:. It has also been proposed that a more ancient proto-Celtic presence can be traced back to the beginning of the Middle 5492: 5077: 4704: 4537: 4298: 1693: 678: 421:
wrote that the Veneti of the 2nd century BC were identical to the Gauls except for their language. The Greek historian
17: 1374: 775:, although its contemporary title is unknown. The parts of it inscribed on a bronze tablet preserved in the museum at 4724: 4699: 4542: 3582: 3395: 1962: 1913: 1891: 1873: 1839: 1829: 1800: 1790: 1780: 1725: 1678: 1470: 1279: 5713: 5708: 5096: 4377: 4263: 1795:
D'Aversa, Arnaldo: "La Valle Padana tra Etruschi, Celti e Romani", PAIDEIA, Brescia 1986, 101 p. ill., 21 cm,
1299: 367:
affinities. Because of the strong Celtic influences on their language and culture, they were known in antiquity as
1846:
La romanizzazione degli Insubri. Celti e Romani in Transpadana attraverso la documentazione storica e archeologica
5220: 5132: 4979: 4974: 4805: 4673: 1989: 1957:: "I Celti a sud delle Alpi", Silvana, Milano 1993 (Popoli dell'Italia Antica), 137 p., ill., fot.; 32 cm; 1575: 5168: 4756: 4233: 121:
The Roman province of the 1st century BC was bounded on the north and west by the Alps, in the south as far as
5419: 5250: 5137: 4668: 4663: 3565: 1936: 5178: 5117: 5102: 4954: 4815: 4268: 3838: 1144: 5522: 5240: 5086: 4868: 4778: 4678: 4564: 4532: 4217: 3038: 2303: 1597: 382: 1113: 5577: 5205: 5025: 4932: 4905: 4840: 4714: 4248: 4174: 3609: 3484: 3089: 3058: 2443: 57:) was the name given, especially during the 4th and 3rd centuries BC, to a region of land inhabited by 756:. To this day the term "crossing the Rubicon" means, figuratively, "reaching the point of no return". 596:
ending in 290 BC sounded the beginning of the end of the Celtic domination in mainland Europe. At the
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Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise : une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental
356: 710:
Probably officially established around 81 BC, the province was governed from Mutina (modern-day
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The Cambridge ancient history: Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean c. 525-479 BC
578: 318: 3284: 1217: 631:
with an additional force to provide support. These were the Roman forces encountered by
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Arslan E. A. 1992 (1995), La Nécropole celtique de Garlasco (Province de Pavie), in
821: 5637: 5459: 5409: 5390: 5385: 5338: 5245: 5183: 5163: 5151: 5107: 4910: 4890: 4878: 4741: 4622: 4339: 4202: 4194: 3944: 3905: 3860: 3847: 3767: 3746: 3649: 3594: 3279: 3099: 3018: 2830: 2610: 2549: 2439: 2318: 2313: 2283: 2253: 2207: 2169: 2035: 1652: 1458: 1408:"Deportation of Indigenous Population as a Strategy for Roman Dominion in Hispania" 1068: 974: 624: 604: 570: 378: 364: 360: 4709: 30: 5547: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5424: 5348: 5210: 4729: 4627: 4512: 4412: 4319: 3987: 3925: 3865: 3828: 3800: 3762: 3727: 3707: 3490: 3480: 3465: 3352: 3159: 3023: 2786: 2641: 2600: 2590: 2434: 2373: 2293: 2288: 2273: 2268: 2181: 1954: 1927: 1809: 1756: 1306: 760: 600:
in 225 BC, a large Celtic army was trapped between two Roman forces and crushed.
414: 390: 238: 969:, this was an area where travellers frequently stopped and had contact with the 5680: 5627: 5597: 5542: 5449: 5323: 5270: 5230: 4900: 4895: 4746: 4646: 4602: 4554: 4502: 4456: 4382: 4359: 4026: 4016: 3992: 3939: 3895: 3810: 3790: 3772: 3717: 3712: 3680: 3525: 3505: 3330: 3231: 3210: 3205: 2842: 2776: 2771: 2760: 2741: 2735: 2731: 2544: 2539: 2425: 2411: 2323: 2298: 2263: 2222: 2212: 2148: 2135: 2075: 2019: 2011: 2002: 1975: 1667:
Rome : Republic into Empire : the civil wars of the first century BCE
1058: 1033: 865: 806: 652: 437:. He further suggested that the identification of the Adriatic Veneti with the 258: 249:
aboriginal populations and with this union gave rise to a new phase called the
242: 77: 69: 42: 453: 5697: 5552: 5193: 4763: 4451: 4429: 4288: 3823: 3795: 3702: 3694: 3436: 3388: 3174: 3122: 2851: 2791: 2781: 2681: 2656: 2447: 1764: 1670: 1114:"University of Macerata. I Romani in montagna: tra immaginario e razionalità" 962: 889: 877: 832: 730: 434: 426: 210: 202: 89: 5670: 5477: 5282: 5052: 4656: 4522: 4471: 4446: 4141: 3934: 3722: 3246: 3200: 3139: 3048: 2825: 2803: 2796: 2238: 2163: 2153: 2085: 1440: 893: 802: 753: 593: 560: 138: 2430: 1004:
should be considered as a Gaulish dialect or an independent branch within
779:
are entirely concerned with arranging the judiciary: the law appoints two
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Il territorio comasco dall'età della pietra alla fine dell'età del bronzo
445:(496–406 BC) — had been a mistake caused by the similarity of the names. 438: 73: 2711: 2482: 4830: 4439: 3979: 3967: 3420: 3384: 3184: 3149: 3109: 2701: 2468: 2459: 1868:
Kruta, Venceslas: "I celti e il Mediterraneo", Jaca Book, 2004, 78 p.,
966: 946: 905: 726: 574: 286: 234: 230: 126: 1244:
Hiera Kala: Images of animal sacrifice in archaic and classical Greece
253:, which is nowadays identified with the Celtic Lepontii. According to 189: 3379: 2491: 1718:
La grande storia dei celti. La nascita, l'affermazione e la decadenza
1562: 1515: 1272:
La grande storia dei celti. La nascita, l'affermazione e la decadenza
1053: 909: 715: 662: 524: 480: 442: 226: 214: 130: 2691: 2397: 5487: 5472: 5467: 5368: 4402: 4397: 4036: 3500: 2953: 2908: 2872: 2860: 2706: 2666: 2486: 2478: 2473: 2455: 2378: 2115: 2110: 2095: 1407: 958: 954: 950: 901: 885: 873: 869: 798: 733:
granted to the populations of the province full Roman citizenship.
700: 695:("Toga-wearing Gaul", indicating the region's early Romanization). 632: 612: 548: 536: 532: 528: 476: 430: 418: 410: 352: 344: 306: 278: 222: 206: 148:, and eventually the province was divided among four of the eleven 122: 115: 2721: 4434: 4159: 4046: 4021: 3900: 3875: 3510: 3475: 3448: 3375: 3357: 2948: 2884: 2513: 2143: 2120: 1812:
in ‘’Italia, omnium terrarum alumna’’, Garzanti-Scheiwiller, 1990
1550: 916: 788: 737: 589: 582: 556: 552: 544: 336: 328: 324: 298: 282: 274: 266: 262: 246: 134: 5127: 4031: 3818: 3600:
Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles
3520: 3495: 3459: 3453: 3366: 3289: 3215: 3134: 2636: 2125: 2070: 1908:: "I celti d'Italia", Mondadori, 2000 (Collana: Oscar storia), 794: 711: 699:
denoted that part of Cisalpine Gaul between the Padus (now the
620: 616: 540: 504: 422: 406: 402: 340: 351:, which suggests a possible relationship between them and the 76:
but remained administratively separated until 42 BC. It was a
4407: 4190: 2920: 2726: 2671: 2564: 2158: 2100: 2090: 2048: 1998: 1518:
at .www.venetoimage.com (in Italian). Accessed on 2009-08-18.
776: 516: 500: 488: 468: 398: 372: 314: 310: 294: 270: 62: 58: 864:
reflects a late Bronze Age to early Iron Age culture in the
759:
The province was merged into Italia about 42 BC, as part of
317:
co-existed with Etruscan nations during a period before the
4915: 4392: 3179: 2716: 2696: 2631: 2464: 1752:(Hautvillers, 8-10 octobre 1992), Sceaux, pp. 169–188. 1546: 749: 665:
were only finally subdued when the Apuani were defeated by
661:
completed the conquest of the Boii in 191 BC, although the
635:
after he crossed the Alps. The Romans were defeated in the
608: 512: 401:, in an area corresponding to the modern-day region of the 332: 254: 96: 615:
allied themselves with the Carthaginians, laying siege to
1087:
The Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, 1911 edition
1130:
Beyond the Rubicon: Romans and Gauls in Republican Italy
945:(9th to 4th centuries BC) spread between the end of the 72:
in the 200s BC it was considered geographically part of
65:), corresponding to what is now most of northern Italy. 1818:: "I Celti in Italia" - 2. ed, Longanesi, Milano 1991 ( 1770:
La Cisalpine gauloise du IIIe au Ier siècle avant J.-C.
744:
proper. By crossing this river in 49 BC with his loyal
627:. Vulso's army was ambushed twice, and the Senate sent 448: 99:" (from the perspective of the Romans), as opposed to 2912: 1863:
The Making of the Roman Army, From Republic to Empire
1516:
Storia, vita, costumi, religiosità dei Veneti antichi
3298: 592:, Celtic and Etruscan alliance by the Romans in the 144:
In 49 BC all inhabitants of Cisalpine Gaul received
5724:
1st-century BC establishments in the Roman Republic
4674:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
643:to join the insurgency. Rome then sent the army of 339:. Ligurian tribes were also present in Latium (see 293:(7th–6th century BC) and occupied the area between 1824:); 154 p., 32 c. di tav., ill. ; 21 cm; 1750:L’Europe celtique du Ve au IIIe Siècle avant J.-C. 1665:Chrystal, Paul (2019). "How did it come to this". 1111: 5695: 289:, arrived in northern Italy during the reign of 623:). In response, Rome sent an expedition led by 441:Enetoi led by Antenor — which he attributes to 1935: 1189:Dictionary of Greek and Roman geography: Vol.1 904:practice, which supplanted the old culture of 4175: 2876: 1983: 1819: 479:); the Insubres are marked as inhabiting the 106:Gallia Cisalpina was further subdivided into 2864: 2924: 2888: 1576:"CLADES GALLICA - SACCO DI ROMA (390 a.c.)" 114:, i.e. its portions south and north of the 4182: 4168: 2900: 1997: 1990: 1976: 1348:, Società Archeologica Comense, Como 1987. 1256:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1201:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1172:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1096: 1707:, by Livy, John Yardley, Waldemar Heckel. 1457: 919:aboriginal populations to create the new 1664: 1424: 1126: 1099:Geographie des Transalpinischen Galliens 831: 820: 740:River marked its southern boundary with 707:was the part to the south of the river. 452: 309:, in the 2nd century BC, wrote that the 205:, penetrated and settled in the western 188: 29: 1946:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography 1758:Della istoria d'Italia antica e moderna 1372: 1241: 1215: 1160:Decline of the Roman republic: Volume 2 868:. These areas are now known as western 639:, leading all the Gauls except for the 581:, and Rome was sacked in 390 BC by the 377:, Keltolígues). Modern linguists, like 80:from c. 81 BC until 42 BC, when it was 14: 5719:1st-century BC establishments in Italy 5696: 2841: 1531: 1494: 1479: 1362:. Thames & Hudson. pp. 52–56. 1326:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 499:which occupy the upper reaches of the 4163: 4073: 3965: 3744: 3546: 2978: 2758: 2409: 2046: 1971: 1929:L'Italia avanti il dominio dei Romani 1500: 1485: 1439: 1433: 1357: 1186: 95:Cisalpine means "on this side of the 4720:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy 1509: 1157: 926: 849: 3966: 1953:Violante, Antonio; introduzione di 763:"Italicization" program during the 449:Gallic expansion and Roman conquest 24: 4189: 1742: 1598:"BATTAGLIA DI TALAMONE (225 a.c.)" 1235: 1226: 1222:. Philadelphia: Blanchard and Lea. 1209: 1180: 1151: 1090: 679:Roman Republican governors of Gaul 25: 5740: 3396:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 1447:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 112. 1412:Limes Xx Gladius, Anejos 13, 2009 1000:There is some debate whether the 748:, returning from the conquest of 714:), where, in 73 BC, forces under 672: 103:("on the far side of the Alps"). 5729:1st-century BC disestablishments 5676: 5675: 5664: 4146: 2759: 2396: 1505:. Thames and Hudson. p. 55. 1490:. Thames and Hudson. p. 54. 1405: 771:required a new governing law or 178: 5405:Orders, decorations, and medals 1710: 1698: 1687: 1658: 1646: 1634: 1612: 1590: 1568: 1521: 1465:(2e ed.). Paris: Errance. 1451: 1418: 1399: 1386: 1366: 1351: 1334: 1298:Maps of the Golasecca culture. 1292: 1264: 1242:Brouwer, Hendrik H. J. (1989). 659:Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica 463:showing northern Italy between 343:) and in Samnium. According to 1865:, University of Oklahoma, 1998 1720:, Newton & Compton, 2003, 1274:, Newton & Compton, 2003, 1187:Snith, William George (1854). 1120: 1105: 1081: 900:). They were bearers of a new 816: 13: 1: 4115:Celtic place names in Galicia 3745: 1949:. London: Walton and Maberly. 1669:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: 1219:A manual of ancient geography 1074: 953:in the areas of northwestern 427:Celtic tribe of the same name 34:Cisalpine Gaul around 100 BC 3547: 2057:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups 1705:The Dawn of the Roman Empire 647:who engaged Hannibal in the 417:had been so Celticized that 413:. By the 4th century BC the 397:who inhabited north-eastern 7: 5445:Water supply and sanitation 4869:Italian geographical region 4737:Monarchy and the World Wars 4679:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 4565:War of the Sicilian Vespers 4218:Timeline of Italian history 3039:Welsh literature in English 2979: 2410: 2136:Modern Celtic ethnic groups 2047: 1622:(in Italian). 31 March 2022 1133:. Oxford University Press. 1127:Williams, J. H. C. (2001). 1112:Umberto Moscatelli (2010). 1097:von Hefner, Joseph (1837). 1027: 985: 805:, three famous sons of the 722:, the provincial governor. 588:The defeat of the combined 569:and the Alps" according to 429:whose members lived on the 168:Regio XI Gallia Transpadana 154:Regio VIII Gallia Cispadana 10: 5745: 5364:Inventions and discoveries 4774:Fall of the Fascist regime 4757:Fourth War of Independence 4715:Expedition of the Thousand 4705:Second War of Independence 3059:Scottish Gaelic literature 2444:Brigantia (ancient region) 1216:Schmitz, Leonhard (1857). 989: 977:to the north and with the 930: 853: 842: 676: 645:Tiberius Sempronius Longus 510: 373: 182: 173: 163:Regio X Venetia et Histria 68:After its conquest by the 5660: 5458: 5304: 5295: 5159: 5150: 5138:Security and intelligence 5011: 5002: 4864: 4855: 4798: 4725:Third War of Independence 4700:First War of Independence 4687: 4580: 4489: 4370: 4307: 4226: 4210: 4201: 4137: 4080: 4074: 4069: 4007: 3978: 3961: 3924: 3846: 3837: 3809: 3781: 3753: 3740: 3693: 3658: 3632: 3553: 3542: 3429: 3406:Hebridean Celtic Festival 3343: 3245: 3224: 3193: 3108: 3067: 3034:Welsh-language literature 2989: 2985: 2974: 2936: 2850: 2767: 2754: 2624: 2583: 2522: 2418: 2405: 2394: 2231: 2200: 2134: 2055: 2042: 2009: 1501:Kruta, Venceslas (1991). 1486:Kruta, Venceslas (1991). 1358:Kruta, Venceslas (1991). 949:and the beginning of the 767:. The dissolution of the 683:Sometimes referred to as 667:Marcus Claudius Marcellus 521:Cenomani (Cisalpine Gaul) 433:coast and fought against 137:, and in the east by the 4816:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus 4811:Institutional referendum 3839:Ancient Celtic languages 1821:Biblioteca di Archelogia 1445:The Foundations of Latin 1064:Ancient peoples of Italy 825:Archaeological finds of 491:) and downstream of the 363:and particularly strong 185:Ancient peoples of Italy 5714:Ancient Italian history 5709:Provinces of Roman Gaul 5339:Emigration and diaspora 4548:Guelphs and Ghibellines 4533:the Sardinian Judicates 4110:Gaulish words in French 4095:Celtic words in English 2354:Scottish New Zealanders 2244:Anglo-Celtic Australian 1904:Kruta, Venceslas & 1425:Boardman, John (1988). 1394:The Classical Gazetteer 1373:Stifter, David (2008). 908:and instead introduced 718:defeated the legion of 347:they called themselves 5221:Science and technology 5169:Italian regions by GDP 4970:Marine protected areas 4642:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 3044:Early Irish literature 2925: 2913: 2901: 2889: 2877: 2865: 2334:Scotch-Irish Canadians 2329:Scotch-Irish Americans 1820: 1406:Polo, Francisco Pina. 840: 829: 720:Gaius Cassius Longinus 703:) and the Alps, while 508: 357:Indo-European language 221:). They brought a new 194: 88:as already planned by 46: 35: 5420:Public administration 4528:the Holy Roman Empire 3671:Scottish independence 3416:Celtic Media Festival 3299:National music scenes 2530:Proto-Celtic religion 2232:Related ethnic groups 1158:Long, George (1866). 843:Further information: 835: 824: 637:Battle of the Ticinus 511:Further information: 456: 192: 183:Further information: 33: 5648:World Heritage Sites 5103:Council of Ministers 4841:Coronavirus pandemic 4239:Currency and coinage 3995:(Medieval Welsh law) 3605:Scottish nationalism 3255:Ancient Celtic music 2575:Romano-Celtic temple 2384:Welsh New Zealanders 2309:Irish New Zealanders 1906:Manfredi, Valerio M. 1816:Grassi, Maria Teresa 1376:Old Celtic Languages 1232:Cassius Dio XLI, 36. 965:. At the end of the 943:Culture of Golasecca 787:and also mentions a 649:Battle of the Trebia 460:Tabula Peutingeriana 395:Indo-European people 5179:Automotive industry 5118:Metropolitan cities 4664:Early Modern period 4637:Kingdom of Sardinia 4588:Italian city-states 3685:Irish republicanism 3666:Breton independence 3645:Scottish devolution 3578:Cornish nationalism 3401:Pan Celtic Festival 3275:Scottish folk music 3029:Scottish literature 2555:Celtic Christianity 2359:Scottish Travellers 2344:Scottish Argentines 2188:Scottish Travellers 1851:Grassi M. T. 1999, 1844:Grassi M. T. 1995, 1806:Raffaele De Marinis 1559:Book 13, Chapter 1: 1543:Book IV, Chapter 4: 1346:Como nell'antichità 725:In 49 BC, with the 5241:Telecommunications 4608:Maritime republics 3676:Welsh independence 3640:Cornish devolution 3561:Breton nationalism 3411:Celtic Connections 3014:Cornish literature 2364:Ulster Protestants 2349:Scottish Canadians 2339:Scottish Americans 2249:Anglo-Irish people 1941:"Gallia Cisalpina" 1716:Kruta, Venceslas: 1555:Book V, Chapter 1: 1392:Hazlitt, William. 1006:Continental Celtic 967:prehistoric period 898:Scamozzina culture 841: 830: 765:Second Triumvirate 697:Gallia Transpadana 689:Provincia Ariminum 653:defeat of Carthage 577:was routed in the 567:Apennine mountains 509: 291:Tarquinius Priscus 229:—which supplanted 219:Scamozzina culture 195: 129:, and then by the 112:Gallia Transpadana 36: 18:Gallia Transpadana 5689: 5688: 5656: 5655: 5291: 5290: 5226:Southern question 5146: 5145: 5078:Political parties 5026:Foreign relations 4998: 4997: 4851: 4850: 4572:Kingdom of Naples 4560:Kingdom of Sicily 4157: 4156: 4133: 4132: 4065: 4064: 3957: 3956: 3953: 3952: 3916:Cisalpine Gaulish 3736: 3735: 3622:national identity 3617:Welsh nationalism 3610:national identity 3590:Irish nationalism 3538: 3537: 3534: 3533: 3471:Cornish wrestling 3339: 3338: 3260:Breton Folk music 3225:Regional cultures 3068:National cultures 3054:Gaelic literature 3009:Breton literature 2970: 2969: 2966: 2965: 2962: 2961: 2750: 2749: 2662:Chief of the Name 2535:Celtic polytheism 2452:Sub-Roman Britain 2392: 2391: 2279:Irish Australians 2259:Cornish Americans 2218:Scottish diaspora 1926:Giuseppe Micali, 1922:978-88-04-47710-5 1900:978-88-8289-851-9 1882:978-88-16-43628-2 1734:978-88-8289-851-9 1653:Fasti Triumphales 1459:Delamarre, Xavier 1382:. pp. 24–37. 1288:978-88-8289-851-9 1270:Venceslas Kruta: 1140:978-0-19-815300-9 1049:Cisalpine Gaulish 1044:Golasecca culture 1039:Canegrate culture 1002:Lepontic language 996:Lepontic language 992:Cisalpine Gaulish 979:Villanova culture 973:to the west, the 971:Hallstatt culture 937:Hallstatt culture 933:Golasecca culture 927:Golasecca culture 921:Golasecca culture 862:Canegrate culture 856:Canegrate culture 850:Canegrate culture 837:Golasecca culture 827:Canegrate culture 785:viri juri dicundo 687:("Hither Gaul"), 598:Battle of Telamon 594:Third Samnite War 251:Golasecca culture 199:Canegrate culture 146:Roman citizenship 16:(Redirected from 5736: 5679: 5678: 5671:Italy portal 5668: 5667: 5608:National symbols 5302: 5301: 5157: 5156: 5009: 5008: 4862: 4861: 4742:Kingdom of Italy 4669:Napoleonic Italy 4208: 4207: 4184: 4177: 4170: 4161: 4160: 4150: 4071: 4070: 3963: 3962: 3945:Galwegian Gaelic 3844: 3843: 3742: 3741: 3650:Welsh devolution 3544: 3543: 3296: 3295: 3285:Sean-nós singing 3280:Welsh folk music 3270:Irish folk music 3237:Highland culture 3019:Irish literature 2999:Arthurian Legend 2987: 2986: 2976: 2975: 2928: 2916: 2904: 2892: 2880: 2868: 2848: 2847: 2839: 2838: 2816:Neo-Christianity 2756: 2755: 2687:Gaelic astrology 2647:Celtic festivals 2550:Celtic mythology 2523:Ancient religion 2440:Iron Age Britain 2407: 2406: 2400: 2379:Welsh Argentines 2319:Irish Uruguayans 2314:Irish Travellers 2284:Irish Brazilians 2274:Irish Argentines 2254:Breton Americans 2208:Cornish diaspora 2170:Irish Travellers 2044: 2043: 2036:Celtic languages 1992: 1985: 1978: 1969: 1968: 1950: 1823: 1736: 1714: 1708: 1702: 1696: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1662: 1656: 1650: 1644: 1638: 1632: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1594: 1588: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1572: 1566: 1535: 1529: 1525: 1519: 1513: 1507: 1506: 1498: 1492: 1491: 1483: 1477: 1476: 1455: 1449: 1448: 1437: 1431: 1430: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1403: 1397: 1390: 1384: 1383: 1381: 1370: 1364: 1363: 1355: 1349: 1338: 1332: 1331: 1325: 1317: 1315: 1314: 1305:. Archived from 1296: 1290: 1268: 1262: 1261: 1255: 1247: 1239: 1233: 1230: 1224: 1223: 1213: 1207: 1206: 1200: 1192: 1184: 1178: 1177: 1171: 1163: 1155: 1149: 1148: 1143:. Archived from 1124: 1118: 1117: 1109: 1103: 1102: 1094: 1088: 1085: 1069:Transalpine Gaul 975:Urnfield culture 811:Gallia Cisalpina 705:Gallia Cispadana 625:L. Manlius Vulso 605:Second Punic War 571:Diodorus Siculus 465:Augusta Pretoria 379:Xavier Delamarre 376: 375: 158:Regio IX Liguria 150:regions of Italy 118:, respectively. 108:Gallia Cispadana 101:Transalpine Gaul 47:Gallia Cisalpina 21: 5744: 5743: 5739: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5734: 5733: 5694: 5693: 5690: 5685: 5665: 5652: 5623:Public holidays 5454: 5400:Life expectancy 5287: 5142: 5058:Law enforcement 4994: 4847: 4794: 4783:Social Republic 4747:Colonial Empire 4730:Capture of Rome 4683: 4576: 4485: 4378:Ancient peoples 4366: 4303: 4264:Historic states 4222: 4197: 4188: 4158: 4153: 4129: 4076: 4061: 4003: 3999:Early Scots law 3988:Early Irish law 3974: 3949: 3926:Scottish Gaelic 3920: 3861:Proto-Brittonic 3833: 3829:Beurla Reagaird 3805: 3801:Scottish Gaelic 3777: 3749: 3732: 3728:Columba Project 3708:Celtic Congress 3689: 3654: 3628: 3549: 3530: 3491:Gaelic handball 3481:Gaelic football 3466:Cornish hurling 3425: 3335: 3294: 3241: 3220: 3206:Gaelic clothing 3189: 3104: 3063: 3024:Manx literature 2981: 2958: 2937:Other claimants 2932: 2837: 2787:Celtic Congress 2763: 2746: 2642:Celtic calendar 2620: 2579: 2518: 2414: 2401: 2388: 2374:Welsh Americans 2294:Irish Catholics 2289:Irish Canadians 2269:Irish Americans 2227: 2201:Celtic diaspora 2196: 2130: 2059: 2051: 2038: 2005: 1996: 1955:Venceslas Kruta 1859:Lawrence Keppie 1810:Venceslas Kruta 1745: 1743:Further reading 1740: 1739: 1715: 1711: 1703: 1699: 1692: 1688: 1681: 1663: 1659: 1651: 1647: 1639: 1635: 1625: 1623: 1618: 1617: 1613: 1603: 1601: 1596: 1595: 1591: 1581: 1579: 1574: 1573: 1569: 1536: 1532: 1526: 1522: 1514: 1510: 1499: 1495: 1484: 1480: 1473: 1456: 1452: 1438: 1434: 1423: 1419: 1404: 1400: 1396:(1851), p. 297. 1391: 1387: 1379: 1371: 1367: 1356: 1352: 1339: 1335: 1319: 1318: 1312: 1310: 1303:"Archived copy" 1301: 1297: 1293: 1269: 1265: 1249: 1248: 1240: 1236: 1231: 1227: 1214: 1210: 1194: 1193: 1185: 1181: 1165: 1164: 1156: 1152: 1141: 1125: 1121: 1110: 1106: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1030: 998: 990:Main articles: 988: 939: 931:Main articles: 929: 858: 852: 847: 845:La Tène culture 819: 809:, were born in 685:Gallia Citerior 681: 675: 579:battle of Allia 563: 451: 369:Celto-Ligurians 239:Tumulus culture 209:valley between 187: 181: 176: 51:Gallia Citerior 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5742: 5732: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5704:Pre-Roman Gaul 5687: 5686: 5684: 5683: 5673: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5464: 5462: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5396: 5395: 5394: 5393: 5378: 5377: 5376: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5305: 5299: 5293: 5292: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5274: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5231:Stock exchange 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5197: 5196: 5191: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5160: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5135: 5133:Municipalities 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5093:Prime Minister 5090: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5044: 5043: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5012: 5006: 5000: 4999: 4996: 4995: 4993: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4980:Regional parks 4977: 4975:National parks 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4936: 4935: 4925: 4924: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4887: 4886: 4884:Climate change 4876: 4871: 4865: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4845: 4844: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4802: 4800: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4792: 4791: 4790: 4785: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4760: 4759: 4749: 4744: 4734: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4691: 4689: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4660: 4659: 4649: 4647:Duchy of Savoy 4644: 4639: 4634: 4633: 4632: 4631: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4574: 4569: 4568: 4567: 4557: 4555:Lombard League 4552: 4551: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4493: 4491: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4483: 4482: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4477:Western Empire 4469: 4464: 4462:Roman conquest 4459: 4454: 4444: 4443: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4416: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4383:Italic peoples 4374: 4372: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4364: 4363: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4311: 4309: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4214: 4212: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4187: 4186: 4179: 4172: 4164: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4151: 4144: 4138: 4135: 4134: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4081: 4078: 4077: 4067: 4066: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4017:Gaelic warfare 4013: 4011: 4005: 4004: 4002: 4001: 3996: 3993:Cyfraith Hywel 3990: 3984: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3959: 3958: 3955: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3948: 3947: 3942: 3940:Deeside Gaelic 3937: 3931: 3929: 3922: 3921: 3919: 3918: 3913: 3911:Hispano-Celtic 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3866:Proto-Goidelic 3863: 3858: 3852: 3850: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3832: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3815: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3787: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3759: 3757: 3751: 3750: 3738: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3718:Celtic society 3715: 3713:Celtic Revival 3710: 3705: 3699: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3687: 3681:United Ireland 3678: 3673: 3668: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3636: 3634: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3626: 3625: 3624: 3614: 3613: 3612: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3586: 3585: 3575: 3574: 3573: 3568: 3557: 3555: 3551: 3550: 3540: 3539: 3536: 3535: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3528: 3526:Welsh handball 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3506:Highland games 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3439: 3433: 3431: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3392: 3391: 3382: 3373: 3364: 3349: 3347: 3341: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3334: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3302: 3300: 3293: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3251: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3240: 3239: 3234: 3232:Gaelic culture 3228: 3226: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3218: 3213: 3211:Highland dress 3208: 3203: 3197: 3195: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3175:Pictish stones 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3131: 3130: 3120: 3114: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3071: 3069: 3065: 3064: 3062: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2995: 2993: 2983: 2982: 2972: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2957: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2930: 2918: 2906: 2894: 2882: 2870: 2857: 2855: 2845: 2836: 2835: 2834: 2833: 2828: 2818: 2813: 2812: 2811: 2801: 2800: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2779: 2777:Celtic nations 2774: 2772:Celtic Revival 2768: 2765: 2764: 2752: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2744: 2739: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2628: 2626: 2622: 2621: 2619: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2587: 2585: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2545:Celtic Animism 2542: 2540:Celtic deities 2537: 2532: 2526: 2524: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2499:Cisalpine Gaul 2496: 2495: 2494: 2489: 2471: 2462: 2437: 2428: 2426:Gaelic Ireland 2422: 2420: 2416: 2415: 2403: 2402: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2387: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2324:Manx Americans 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2299:Irish Chileans 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2264:English people 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2228: 2226: 2225: 2223:Welsh diaspora 2220: 2215: 2213:Irish diaspora 2210: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2195: 2194: 2193: 2192: 2191: 2190: 2179: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2140: 2138: 2132: 2131: 2129: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2067: 2065: 2053: 2052: 2040: 2039: 2020:Celtic studies 2012:Celtic nations 2010: 2007: 2006: 1995: 1994: 1987: 1980: 1972: 1966: 1965: 1951: 1939:, ed. (1854). 1937:Smith, William 1933: 1932:, Genova, 1830 1924: 1902: 1884: 1866: 1856: 1849: 1842: 1832: 1813: 1803: 1793: 1783: 1773: 1762: 1761:, Milano, 1819 1753: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1709: 1697: 1686: 1679: 1657: 1645: 1633: 1611: 1589: 1567: 1561:"At any rate, 1530: 1520: 1508: 1493: 1478: 1471: 1450: 1432: 1429:. p. 716. 1417: 1398: 1385: 1365: 1350: 1333: 1291: 1263: 1234: 1225: 1208: 1179: 1150: 1147:on 2020-05-22. 1139: 1119: 1104: 1089: 1079: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1059:Iron Age Italy 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1034:Northern Italy 1029: 1026: 987: 984: 928: 925: 866:Pianura Padana 854:Main article: 851: 848: 818: 815: 674: 673:Roman province 671: 457:Detail of the 450: 447: 243:Central Europe 180: 177: 175: 172: 133:and the river 78:Roman province 70:Roman Republic 49:, also called 39:Cisalpine Gaul 27:Roman province 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5741: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5701: 5699: 5692: 5682: 5674: 5672: 5663: 5662: 5659: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5457: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5392: 5389: 5388: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5382: 5379: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5149: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5098: 5094: 5091: 5088: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5042: 5039: 5038: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5013: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5001: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4934: 4931: 4930: 4929: 4926: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4885: 4882: 4881: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4854: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4826:Years of Lead 4824: 4822: 4821:Economic Boom 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4808: 4807: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4797: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4764:Fascist Italy 4762: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4735: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4710:Niçard exodus 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4686: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4658: 4655: 4654: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4610: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4579: 4573: 4570: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4500: 4499: 4498: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4488: 4478: 4475: 4474: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4449: 4448: 4445: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4430:Magna Graecia 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4385: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4317: 4316: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4306: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4219: 4216: 4215: 4213: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4185: 4180: 4178: 4173: 4171: 4166: 4165: 4162: 4149: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4136: 4126: 4125:– in Portugal 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4105:– in Galician 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4082: 4079: 4072: 4068: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4006: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3964: 3960: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3923: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3836: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3808: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3780: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3743: 3739: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3703:Celtic League 3701: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3695:Pan-Celticism 3692: 3686: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3657: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3637: 3635: 3631: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3618: 3615: 3611: 3608: 3607: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3584: 3581: 3580: 3579: 3576: 3572: 3571:reunification 3569: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3562: 3559: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3545: 3541: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3428: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3359: 3356: 3355: 3354: 3351: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3342: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3244: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3186: 3185:Triple spiral 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3129: 3126: 3125: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3004:Bardic Poetry 3002: 3000: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2977: 2973: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2927: 2922: 2919: 2915: 2910: 2907: 2903: 2898: 2895: 2891: 2886: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2871: 2867: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2852:Celtic League 2849: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2823: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2805: 2802: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2792:Celtic League 2790: 2788: 2785: 2784: 2783: 2782:Pan-Celticism 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2769: 2766: 2762: 2757: 2753: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2682:Gaelicisation 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2657:Celticisation 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2586: 2582: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2465:Iron Age Gaul 2463: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2448:Roman Britain 2445: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2304:Irish Mexican 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2236: 2234: 2230: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2165: 2162: 2161: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2028:Celtic tribes 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1993: 1988: 1986: 1981: 1979: 1974: 1973: 1970: 1964: 1963:88-366-0442-0 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1931: 1930: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1914:88-04-47710-5 1911: 1907: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1892:88-8289-851-2 1889: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1874:88-16-43628-X 1871: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1843: 1841: 1840:9788878143692 1837: 1833: 1831: 1830:88-304-1012-8 1827: 1822: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1801:88-394-0381-7 1798: 1794: 1792: 1791:9788883401862 1788: 1784: 1782: 1781:9788883400308 1778: 1774: 1772: 1771: 1766: 1765:Jean Bousquet 1763: 1760: 1759: 1755:Luigi Bossi, 1754: 1751: 1747: 1746: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1726:88-8289-851-2 1723: 1719: 1713: 1706: 1701: 1695: 1690: 1682: 1680:9781526710093 1676: 1672: 1671:Pen and Sword 1668: 1661: 1654: 1649: 1643: 1637: 1621: 1615: 1599: 1593: 1577: 1571: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1534: 1524: 1517: 1512: 1504: 1497: 1489: 1482: 1474: 1472:9782877722377 1468: 1464: 1460: 1454: 1446: 1442: 1441:Baldi, Philip 1436: 1428: 1421: 1413: 1409: 1402: 1395: 1389: 1378: 1377: 1369: 1361: 1354: 1347: 1343: 1340:G. Frigerio, 1337: 1329: 1323: 1309:on 2011-07-22 1308: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1280:88-8289-851-2 1277: 1273: 1267: 1259: 1253: 1245: 1238: 1229: 1221: 1220: 1212: 1204: 1198: 1190: 1183: 1175: 1169: 1161: 1154: 1146: 1142: 1136: 1132: 1131: 1123: 1115: 1108: 1100: 1093: 1084: 1080: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 997: 993: 983: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 963:Canton Ticino 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 938: 934: 924: 922: 918: 913: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 890:Lake Maggiore 888:area between 887: 881: 879: 878:Canton Ticino 875: 871: 867: 863: 857: 846: 838: 834: 828: 823: 814: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 757: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 734: 732: 731:Julius Caesar 728: 723: 721: 717: 713: 708: 706: 702: 698: 694: 693:Gallia Togata 690: 686: 680: 670: 668: 664: 660: 656: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 601: 599: 595: 591: 586: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 461: 455: 446: 444: 440: 436: 435:Julius Caesar 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 387: 384: 381:, argue that 380: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 257:(v. 34), the 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 211:Lake Maggiore 208: 204: 203:Alpine passes 200: 191: 186: 179:Early history 171: 169: 165: 164: 159: 155: 151: 147: 142: 140: 136: 132: 128: 125:by the river 124: 119: 117: 113: 109: 104: 102: 98: 93: 91: 90:Julius Caesar 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 66: 64: 60: 56: 55:Gallia Togata 52: 48: 44: 40: 32: 19: 5691: 5508:Architecture 5478:Quattrocento 5435:Social class 5415:Prostitution 5329:Demographics 5251:Trade unions 5194:Central Bank 5036:Human rights 5016:Constitution 4799:Contemporary 4769:World War II 4657:Italian Wars 4581:Early modern 4523:Papal States 4501:Italy under 4447:Ancient Rome 4424: 4142:Celts portal 4100:– in Spanish 3935:Arran Gaelic 3856:Proto-Celtic 3824:Bungi Creole 3723:Celtic unity 3659:Independence 3458: 3441: 3265:Gaelic music 3201:Celtic Dress 3150:High crosses 3140:Celtic cross 3118:Bell shrines 3049:Irish annals 2831:Neo-Druidism 2826:Celtic Wicca 2797:Celtic union 2761:Modern Celts 2652:Celtic women 2560:Celtic Rites 2509:Transylvania 2498: 2369:Ulster Scots 2239:Anglo-Celtic 2086:Celtiberians 2031: 2023: 2015: 2003:modern Celts 1944: 1928: 1862: 1852: 1845: 1769: 1757: 1749: 1717: 1712: 1704: 1700: 1694:Uchicago.edu 1689: 1666: 1660: 1648: 1636: 1624:. Retrieved 1614: 1602:. Retrieved 1600:(in Italian) 1592: 1580:. Retrieved 1578:(in Italian) 1570: 1558: 1554: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1523: 1511: 1502: 1496: 1487: 1481: 1462: 1453: 1444: 1435: 1426: 1420: 1411: 1401: 1393: 1388: 1375: 1368: 1359: 1353: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1311:. 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Utrecht. 1075:References 1020:replacing 1012:replacing 961:, and the 947:Bronze Age 906:inhumation 872:, eastern 761:Octavian's 727:Lex Roscia 677:See also: 575:Roman army 371:(in Greek 359:with both 303:Mediolanum 287:Bellovesus 235:Bronze Age 231:inhumation 5603:Mythology 5578:Libraries 5498:Ottocento 5440:Terrorism 5381:Languages 5334:Education 5256:Transport 5206:Companies 5113:Provinces 5083:President 5048:Judiciary 5021:Elections 4933:Volcanoes 4928:Volcanism 4921:Apennines 4906:Mountains 4874:Peninsula 4857:Geography 4788:Civil War 4513:Byzantium 4420:Etruscans 4355:Canegrate 4350:Golasecca 4335:Rinaldone 4330:Terramare 4320:Neolithic 4052:Redshanks 4027:Ceithearn 3755:Brittonic 3747:Languages 3380:Calan Mai 3371:Gŵyl Fair 3345:Festivals 3160:Interlace 2584:Mythology 2492:Gallaecia 2106:Galatians 1848:, Milano. 1563:Sophocles 1539:Geography 1503:The Celts 1488:The Celts 1360:The Celts 1252:cite book 1197:cite book 1191:. Boston. 1168:cite book 1162:. London. 1101:. Munich. 1054:Etruscans 910:cremation 783:and four 769:provincia 716:Spartacus 663:Ligurians 525:Graioceli 481:Po Valley 473:Placentia 443:Sophocles 431:Armorican 301:. Milan ( 259:Bituriges 227:cremation 225:practice— 215:Lake Como 131:Apennines 123:Placentia 5681:Category 5568:Internet 5558:Folklore 5488:Seicento 5473:Trecento 5468:Duecento 5430:Religion 5391:Regional 5369:Italians 5344:Gambling 5236:Taxation 5063:Military 5004:Politics 4806:Republic 4593:Florence 4518:Lombards 4457:Republic 4403:Samnites 4398:Picentes 4340:Apennine 4299:Railways 4279:Military 4227:By topic 4211:Overview 4195:articles 4037:Gaesatae 3928:dialects 3891:Lepontic 3881:Galatian 3783:Goidelic 3633:Autonomy 3548:Politics 3501:Rounders 3353:Calendar 3326:Scotland 3311:Cornwall 3306:Brittany 3194:Clothing 3145:Knotwork 3123:Brooches 3095:Scotland 3080:Cornwall 3075:Brittany 2954:Y Wladfa 2909:Scotland 2873:Cornwall 2861:Brittany 2712:Seanchaí 2707:Tanistry 2667:Derbfine 2596:Scottish 2487:Brittany 2483:Domnonée 2479:Armorica 2474:Britonia 2456:Dumnonia 2431:Dálriata 2116:Lepontii 2111:Helvetii 2096:Gallaeci 1537:Strabo, 1461:(2003). 1443:(2002). 1322:cite web 1028:See also 986:Language 959:Piedmont 955:Lombardy 951:Iron Age 917:Ligurian 902:funerary 892:and the 874:Piedmont 870:Lombardy 807:province 799:Catullus 701:Po River 641:Cenomani 633:Hannibal 613:Insubres 549:Segusini 537:Lingones 533:Lepontii 529:Insubres 497:Mesiates 477:Piacenza 419:Polybius 411:Trentino 383:Ligurian 353:Ambrones 349:Ambrones 345:Plutarch 307:Polybius 279:Carnutes 247:Ligurian 223:funerary 116:Po River 5638:Theatre 5613:Palaces 5593:Museums 5563:Gardens 5548:Fashion 5538:Cuisine 5518:Castles 5460:Culture 5410:Poverty 5386:Italian 5297:Society 5278:Welfare 5246:Tourism 5216:Exports 5184:Banking 5164:Economy 5152:Economy 5108:Regions 4990:Valleys 4960:Islands 4940:Beaches 4911:Prealps 4891:Geology 4879:Climate 4543:Normans 4503:Odoacer 4452:Kingdom 4435:Ligures 4371:Ancient 4345:Nuragic 4294:Postage 4269:Judaism 4259:Genetic 4249:Fashion 4244:Economy 4203:History 4090:Deities 4047:Hobelar 4009:Warfare 3972:Warfare 3906:Pictish 3901:Cumbric 3876:Gaulish 3848:Extinct 3768:Cornish 3566:history 3511:Hurling 3485:Ladies' 3476:Curling 3449:Camogie 3376:Beltane 3358:Samhain 3316:Ireland 3085:Ireland 2980:Culture 2949:England 2885:Ireland 2843:Nations 2742:Coinage 2732:Warfare 2625:Society 2616:Cornish 2606:British 2514:Galatia 2504:Balkans 2412:Studies 2149:Cornish 2144:Bretons 2121:Noricum 2076:Britons 2049:Peoples 1551:Senones 789:Prefect 738:Rubicon 603:In the 590:Samnite 583:Senones 557:Taurini 553:Senones 545:Salassi 507:rivers. 493:Trumpli 337:Corsica 329:Tuscany 325:Ligures 299:Cremona 285:led by 283:Aulerci 275:Ambarri 267:Senones 263:Arverni 174:History 135:Rubicon 82:de jure 5669:  5543:Design 5528:Cinema 5503:Anthem 5425:Racism 5374:People 5349:Health 5211:Energy 5201:Brands 5128:Comune 5123:Cities 4985:Rivers 4945:Canals 4628:Amalfi 4613:Venice 4472:Empire 4413:Veneti 4388:Latins 4360:Latial 4193:  4085:Tribes 4032:Fianna 3819:Shelta 3763:Breton 3583:status 3521:Shinty 3496:Gouren 3460:Cnapan 3454:Cammag 3367:Imbolc 3290:Carnyx 3216:Tartan 3135:Carnyx 2902:Mannin 2878:Kernow 2866:Breizh 2736:Gaelic 2692:Fáinne 2637:Brehon 2611:Breton 2565:Druids 2419:Places 2126:Volcae 2071:Belgae 2032:· 2030:  2024:· 2022:  2016:· 2014:  1961:  1920:  1912:  1898:  1890:  1880:  1872:  1838:  1828:  1799:  1789:  1779:  1732:  1724:  1677:  1640:Livy, 1626:5 July 1604:5 July 1582:5 July 1469:  1286:  1278:  1137:  839:helmet 795:Virgil 742:Italia 712:Modena 629:Scipio 621:Modena 617:Mutina 607:, the 573:. The 559:, and 541:Orobii 505:Agogna 485:Ticeno 471:) and 423:Strabo 415:Veneti 409:, and 407:Friuli 403:Veneto 391:Veneti 365:Celtic 361:Italic 341:Rutuli 281:, and 166:, and 5628:Sport 5598:Music 5588:Media 5450:Women 5324:Crime 5189:Banks 4965:Lakes 4950:Caves 4901:Flora 4896:Fauna 4618:Genoa 4603:Milan 4598:Siena 4538:Arabs 4425:Celts 4408:Umbri 4284:Music 4254:Flags 4191:Italy 4075:Lists 3896:Noric 3811:Mixed 3791:Irish 3773:Welsh 3437:Bando 3430:Sport 3331:Wales 3247:Music 3180:Torcs 3170:Mazes 3100:Wales 2926:Cymru 2921:Wales 2804:Music 2727:Vates 2722:Túath 2672:Druid 2601:Welsh 2591:Irish 2182:Scots 2164:Irish 2159:Gaels 2154:Welsh 2101:Gauls 2091:Gaels 2062:Names 2034: 2026: 2018: 1999:Celts 1642:36.38 1380:(PDF) 1344:, in 896:(see 777:Parma 691:, or 517:Carni 501:Sesia 489:Pavia 469:Aosta 399:Italy 393:were 315:Italy 311:Celts 295:Milan 271:Aedui 63:Gauls 59:Celts 43:Latin 5553:Flag 5283:Wine 5271:road 5266:rail 5097:List 5087:List 4916:Alps 4781:and 4623:Pisa 4393:Osci 4289:Name 4274:LGBT 3970:and 3796:Manx 3683:and 2914:Alba 2890:Éire 2809:Rock 2717:Sept 2697:Fili 2632:Bard 2435:Alba 2177:Manx 2001:and 1959:ISBN 1918:ISBN 1910:ISBN 1896:ISBN 1888:ISBN 1878:ISBN 1870:ISBN 1836:ISBN 1826:ISBN 1808:and 1797:ISBN 1787:ISBN 1777:ISBN 1730:ISBN 1722:ISBN 1675:ISBN 1628:2023 1606:2023 1584:2023 1549:and 1547:Boii 1528:..." 1467:ISBN 1328:link 1284:ISBN 1276:ISBN 1258:link 1203:link 1174:link 1135:ISBN 1022:-χs- 1018:s(s) 1016:and 1014:-nd- 1010:-nn- 994:and 957:and 941:The 935:and 876:and 860:The 803:Livy 801:and 781:viri 750:Gaul 736:The 611:and 609:Boii 513:Boii 503:and 495:and 389:The 333:Elba 297:and 255:Livy 213:and 197:The 110:and 97:Alps 5513:Art 5261:air 5053:Law 3980:Law 3968:Law 3110:Art 2702:Law 773:lex 141:. 92:. 53:or 5700:: 2485:/ 2481:/ 2467:/ 2458:/ 2454:/ 2450:/ 2446:/ 2442:/ 2433:/ 1943:. 1916:, 1894:, 1876:, 1861:, 1767:, 1728:, 1673:. 1541:, 1410:. 1324:}} 1320:{{ 1282:, 1254:}} 1250:{{ 1199:}} 1195:{{ 1170:}} 1166:{{ 1024:. 923:. 912:. 886:Po 880:. 813:. 797:, 729:, 585:. 555:, 551:, 547:, 543:, 539:, 535:, 531:, 527:, 523:, 519:, 515:, 405:, 331:, 277:, 273:, 269:, 265:, 261:, 207:Po 170:. 160:, 156:, 152:: 127:Po 45:: 5099:) 5095:( 5089:) 5085:( 4183:e 4176:t 4169:v 3487:) 3483:( 3387:/ 3378:/ 3369:/ 3360:/ 2929:) 2923:( 2917:) 2911:( 2905:) 2899:( 2893:) 2887:( 2881:) 2875:( 2869:) 2863:( 2738:) 2734:( 2064:) 2060:( 1991:e 1984:t 1977:v 1683:. 1630:. 1608:. 1586:. 1475:. 1414:. 1330:) 1316:. 1260:) 1205:) 1176:) 1116:. 619:( 487:( 475:( 467:( 241:( 217:( 61:( 41:( 20:)

Index

Gallia Transpadana

Latin
Celts
Gauls
Roman Republic
Roman Italy
Roman province
Roman Italy
Julius Caesar
Alps
Transalpine Gaul
Po River
Placentia
Po
Apennines
Rubicon
Adriatic Sea
Roman citizenship
regions of Italy
Regio X Venetia et Histria
Ancient peoples of Italy

Canegrate culture
Alpine passes
Po
Lake Maggiore
Lake Como
Scamozzina culture
funerary

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