944:. Galerius' need for additional revenue had persuaded him to make a very strict and rigorous examination of the property of his subjects for the purpose of a general taxation. A very minute survey was taken of their real estates and, wherever there was the slightest suspicion of concealment, torture was used to obtain a sincere declaration of their personal wealth. Italy had traditionally been exempt from any form of taxation, but Galerius ignored this precedent, and the officers of the revenue already began to number the Roman people, and to settle the proportion of the new taxes. Italy began to murmur against this indignity and Maxentius used this sentiment to declare himself emperor in Italy, to the fury of Galerius. Therefore, Galerius ordered his colleague Severus to immediately march to Rome, in the full confidence that, by his unexpected arrival, he would easily suppress the rebellion. Severus was captured after his troops deserted to their old commander
528:
919:
975:
his willing generosity than anything that might have been obtained through a military campaign. The offers of
Galerius were rejected with firmness, his friendship refused, and it was not long before he discovered that, unless he retreated, he would share Severus' fate. It was not a moment too soon; large monetary gifts from Maxentius to his soldiers had corrupted the fidelity of the Illyrian legions. When Galerius finally began his withdrawal from Italy, it was only with great difficulty that he managed to stop his veterans deserting him. In frustration, Galerius allowed his legions to ravage the countryside as they passed northwards. Maxentius declined to make a general engagement.
1076:
1147:
964:
1223:, a Christian and adviser to Constantine, Galerius affirmed his Dacian identity and avowed himself the enemy of the Roman name once made emperor, even proposing that the empire should be called, not the Roman, but the Dacian Empire, much to the horror of the patricians and senators. Lactantius further states that Galerius exhibited anti-Roman attitude as soon as he had attained the highest power, treating the Roman citizens with ruthless cruelty, like the conquerors treated the conquered, all in the name of the same treatment that the victorious
818:
895:. Galerius only discovered this when he received a letter from Constantine, who informed him of his father's death, modestly asserted his natural claim to the succession, and respectfully lamented that the enthusiastic violence of his troops had not allowed him to obtain the imperial purple in the regular and constitutional manner. The first emotions of Galerius were those of surprise, disappointment, and rage, and as he could seldom restrain his passions, he threatened to burn both the letter and the messenger.
31:
674:
698:
not have been present to assist the campaign. Narseh retreated to
Armenia to fight Galerius' force, putting himself at a disadvantage; the rugged Armenian terrain was favorable to Roman infantry, but not to Sassanid cavalry. Local aid gave Galerius the advantage of surprise over the Persian forces, and he defeated Narseh in two successive battles. During the second encounter, the
657:, Syria). Diocletian may or may not have been present at the battle, but presented himself soon afterwards at Antioch, issuing an official version of events which placed all the blame for the affair upon Galerius. In Antioch, Diocletian forced Galerius to walk a mile in advance of his imperial cart while still clad in the purple robes of an emperor.
624:, a young man installed by a noble named Vahunam in the wake of Bahram II's death in 293. In early 294, Narseh sent Diocletian the customary package of gifts, but within Persia, he was destroying every trace of his immediate predecessors, erasing their names from public monuments. He sought to identify himself with the warlike reigns of
2235:, 33–34) questions the parentage of Theodora shown here. He proposes that Maximian is her natural father (and that her mother is possibly a daughter of Afranius Hannibalianus). Substituting Afranicus Hannibalianus and switching the positions of Maximian and Eutropia would produce a diagram that matches the alternative lineage.
3639:. Accessed 15 August 2009.{{efn|This edition and translation is not very good. The pagination is broken in several places, there are many typographical errors (including several replacements of "Julian" with "Jovian" and "Constantine" with "Constantius"). It is nonetheless the only translation of the
1096:
was not anti-Christian during the first part of his reign, and historians have claimed that
Galerius decided to prod him into persecuting them by secretly burning the Imperial Palace and blaming it on Christian saboteurs. Regardless of who was at fault for the fire, Diocletian's rage was aroused and
661:
reads a symbolic message in the display: the loss at
Carrhae was due not to the failings of the empire's soldiers, but to the failings of their commander, and Galerius' failures would not be accepted. Another scholar, Roger Rees, suggests that Galerius' position at the head of the caravan was merely
3010:
The acceptance of these terms by the
Persians also meant that Syriac culture would earn long-term influence in the region on both sides of the Tigris. With the heavily Christian Syriac peoples so near their border, Armenia would also become susceptible to Christian influence in later years, leading
1052:
The last years of
Galerius saw him relinquishing his aspirations towards being the supreme ruler of the empire, though he managed to retain the position of first among equals. He spent the remainder of his years enjoying himself and ordering some important public works, such as discharging into the
746:
Narseh had previously sent an ambassador to
Galerius to plead for the return of his wife and children, but Galerius had dismissed this ambassador, reminding him of how Shapur had treated Valerian. In any case, the Romans treated Narseh's captured family well, perhaps seeking to evoke comparisons to
2394:
19.2) is invalid and confused. Lactantius is commenting on
Diocletian and the place where Diocletian was acclaimed, and that the "Maximianus" in the text is therefore a later gloss; the Paschal Chronicle is not authoritative for this period for events outside Egypt, and may simply be commenting on
974:
Seeing that he was facing ever-greater difficulties, Galerius made the first advances towards reconciliation, and dispatched two officers to tempt the Romans by the offer of a conference, and the declaration of his paternal regard for
Maxentius, reminding them that they would obtain much more from
697:
Galerius's army was reinforced probably in the spring of 298 by new contingents collected from the empire's
Danubian holdings. Narseh did not advance from Armenia and Mesopotamia leaving Galerius to lead the offensive in 298 with an attack on northern Mesopotamia via Armenia. Diocletian may or may
879:
to receive the possession of Italy and Africa. According to the forms of the constitution, Severus acknowledged the supremacy of the western emperor, but he was absolutely devoted to the commands of his benefactor Galerius, who, reserving to himself the intermediate countries from the confines of
808:
plateau. With these territories, Rome would have an advance station north of Ctesiphon, and would be able to slow any future advance of Persian forces through the region. Under the terms of the peace, Tiridates would regain both his throne and the entirety of his ancestral claim, and Rome would
639:
In 295 or 296, Narseh declared war on Rome. He appears to have first invaded western Armenia, retaking the lands delivered to Tiridates in the peace of 287. He occupied the lands there until the following year. The historian Ammianus Marcellinus, circa 320–395, is the only source detailing the
1091:
Christians had lived pleasantly during most of the rule of Diocletian. The persecutions that began with an edict of 24 February 303, were credited by Christians to Galerius' work, as he was a fierce advocate of the old ways and old gods. Christian houses of assembly were destroyed, for fear of
2372:
The earlier dates for Galerius' appointment have been argued for based on the suggestion that the appointments of Constantius and Galerius were timed to coincide (Barnes 1981, 8–9; Southern 1999, 146). Barnes (1982, 62) argues against a dating of 21 May 293 in Nicomedia originating in Seston,
1121:
Initially one of the leading figures in the persecutions, Galerius later admitted that the policy of trying to eradicate Christianity had failed, saying: "wherefore, for this our indulgence, they ought to pray to their God for our safety, for that of the republic, and for their own, that the
2977:
9.6) derides Diocletian for his absence from the front; Southern (1999, 151, 335–336), on the basis of a dating of the African campaigns one year earlier than that given by Barnes, places him at Galerius' southern flank. Southern sees the Persian campaign progressing along the lines of
809:
secure a wide zone of cultural influence in the region. Because the empire was able to sustain such constant warfare on so many fronts, it has been taken as a sign of the essential efficacy of the Diocletianic system and the goodwill of the army towards the tetrarchic enterprise.
898:
Later, however, when he had time to reconsider his position, he inevitably saw that his chances of winning a war against Constantine were doubtful at best. Galerius was well aware of Constantine's strengths – Constantine had been his guest for some time at
2649:"This edict was promulgated at Nicomedia on the day preceding the kalends of May ... In a few days after he was consumed by the horrible disease that had brought on an universal putrefaction This event was known at Nicomedia before the end of the month.".
771:
would pay allegiance to Rome under a Roman appointee; Nisibis, now under Roman rule, would become the sole conduit for trade between Persia and Rome; and Rome would exercise control over the five satrapies between the Tigris and Armenia:
955:
and the East, he entered Italy, determined to avenge Severus and to punish the rebellious Romans. But due to the skill of Maximian, Galerius found every place hostile, fortified, and inaccessible; and though he forced his way as far as
702:
in 298, Roman forces seized Narseh's camp, his treasury, his harem, and his wife. Narseh's wife would live out the remainder of the war in Daphne, a suburb of Antioch, serving as a constant reminder to the Persians of the Roman victory.
2504:
A recently discovered porphyry head of a tetrarch from Romuliana in modern Serbia—the birth and burial place of Galerius (293–311) It is likely that the statue portrays Galerius as Caesar after his victory over the Persians in AD
644:
was given to all four emperors; Odahl (2004, 59) concurs with Barnes and suggests that Saracen princes in the Syrian desert collaborated with Narseh's invasion. Narseh then moved south into Roman Mesopotamia, where he inflicted
766:
were heavy: Persia would give up territory to Rome, making the Tigris the boundary between the two empires. Further terms specified that Armenia was returned to Roman domination with the fort of Ziatha as its border;
3592:, Second Series, Vol. 7. Edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1886. Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. Online at
9586:
2408:
fell on 1 March. Potter (2004, 650) agrees that locating the acclamation to Nicomedia is false, but believes that Seston's other evidence makes a strong case for a temporal lag between the two Caesars'
3440:(in Latin). Berlin: Weidmann, 1954. Compiled by Nicholas Palmer, revised by Tony Honoré for Oxford Text Archive, 1984. Prepared for online use by R.W.B. Salway, 1999. Preface, books 1–8. Online at
640:
initial invasion of Armenia. Southern (1999, 149) dates the invasion to 295; Barnes (1982, 17, 293) mentions an earlier, unsuccessful invasion by Narseh based on the fact that the title
3383:
RING MAIL FROM GALERIUS' BURIAL RITE AT GAMZIGRAD (ROMULIANA), ANTE PORTAM AUREAM : STUDIA IN HONOREM PROFESSORIS ALEKSANDAR JOVANOVIĆ, Belgrade 2017, 239–250. MIROSLAV B. VUJOVIĆ.
1005:
Galerius' plan soon failed. The news of Licinius' promotion was no sooner carried into the East, than Maximinus, who governed the provinces of Egypt and Syria, rejected his position as
3538:, Second Series, Vol. 1. Edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1890. Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. Online at
3511:, Second Series, Vol. 1. Edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1890. Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. Online at
2543:, 18. "Now Galerius had lately bestowed part of his own name on that youth , and called him Maximin, in like manner as Diocletian formerly bestowed on Galerius the name of Maximian".
982:
on the River Danube to rectify the situation and bring some order back into the imperial government. Here it was agreed that Galerius' long-time friend and military companion
1274:
978:
With so many emperors now in existence, in 308 Galerius, together with the retired emperor Diocletian and the now active Maximian, called an imperial 'conference' at
581:, he received command of the legions on the eastern imperial limits. Soon after his appointment, Galerius was dispatched to Egypt to fight the rebellious cities
3133:
9447:
4524:
1108:
were published, beginning in 303, and this policy of repression was maintained by him until the appearance of the general edict of toleration, issued in
738:. No source ever specifically claims that Ctesiphon was sacked, but it is assumed to have been, primarily due to the seizure of Narseh's wife and harem.
4558:
867:, whose mother was Galerius' sister. An inexperienced youth with little formal education, he was invested with the purple, exalted to the dignity of
1203:) have been found at the site. This mail armour may have been worn by the wax figure of the emperor that was burned during the imperial funeral and
473:, later named Dacia Mediterranea, though some modern scholars consider the strategic site where he later built his palace named after his mother –
9571:
1302:
1267:
1151:
903:– and knew that Constantius' legions were wildly devoted to his son. Therefore, without either condemning or ratifying the choice of the
527:
1647:
907:, Galerius accepted the son of his deceased colleague as the ruler of the provinces beyond the Alps; but he gave him only the title of
3444:
9462:
9457:
3890:
1260:
4604:
9437:
9432:
5129:
3895:
9442:
1130:. This marked the end of official persecution of Christians, which was officially legalized two years later by Constantine and
497:' attacks. He originally followed his father's occupation, that of a herdsman, where he was nicknamed "Armentarius", herdsman (
9422:
5923:
5791:
4345:
4105:
3931:
3713:
3161:
2439:, so coins with the name "Maximianus Caesar" must represent Galerius. The only source that refers to Maximian as having been
5956:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
951:
The importance of the occasion needed the presence and abilities of Galerius. At the head of a powerful army collected from
9452:
9427:
5136:
2983:
948:, who had once again been elevated to the rank of co-emperor, this time by his son Maxentius. Severus was later executed.
9551:
9541:
9417:
7197:
6985:
5759:
3107:
9546:
9536:
9406:
8167:
7883:
6751:
6011:
5985:
4025:
3970:
3913:
Diokletian und die Epoche der Tetrarchie. Das römische Reich zwischen Krisenbewältigung und Neuaufbau (284–313 n. Chr.)
3482:
3257:
952:
936:
The ambitious spirit of Galerius was only just over this disappointment when he beheld the unexpected loss of Italy to
3565:
682:
620:, who had been passed over for the Sassanid succession, came into power in Persia. Narseh probably moved to eliminate
9556:
4133:
4119:
4087:
4068:
4047:
4019:
4011:
3997:
3989:
3957:
3949:
3865:
3857:
3840:
3826:
3818:
3804:
3783:
3769:
3755:
3737:
3409:
3307:
3230:
3195:
2497:
2257:
1118:). Galerius's last request was that Christians should pray for him as he suffered with a painful and fatal illness.
9472:
4553:
4399:
4387:
918:
9561:
8659:
5725:
5708:
5535:
5523:
1114:
860:
were very much his creatures, and he hoped to enhance his authority throughout the empire with their elevation.
8709:
8436:
8292:
5696:
5488:
5450:
5410:
5377:
1971:
986:, who had been entrusted by Galerius with the defense of the Danube while Galerius was in Italy, would become
9005:
8795:
8727:
8592:
8459:
8369:
8182:
6300:
5911:
5737:
5564:
5530:
5494:
5383:
1025:. For the first, and indeed for the last time, seven emperors administered the Roman world: Galerius (East),
768:
292:
1122:
republic may continue uninjured on every side, and that they may be able to live securely in their homes."
8577:
8514:
7797:
5552:
4597:
2276:
968:
3452:
1126:
gives the text of the edict in his moralized chronicle of the bad ends to which all the persecutors came,
8938:
8047:
7959:
7444:
7221:
7212:
5633:
5312:
4778:
3723:
3699:
2281:
2228:
598:
4157:
49:
9601:
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8767:
8100:
7837:
7664:
7596:
6178:
5943:
5899:
5877:
5828:
5715:
5506:
5275:
4617:
3405:
3299:
2467:
44:
9288:
7059:
5850:
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4823:
4582:
3438:
Theodosiani libri XVI cum Constitutionibus Sirmondianis et Leges novellae ad Theodosianum pertinentes
3357:
1654:
1080:
755:. Peace negotiations began in the spring of 299, with both Diocletian and Galerius presiding. Their
7133:
6904:
6766:
5860:
5813:
5360:
5007:
2683:
2566:
2558:
2390:
2336:
In Italy; not recognized by the other tetrarchs. He was defeated in 308, but rebelled again in 310.
2138:
446:
960:, within sixty miles of Rome, his control in Italy was confined to the narrow limits of his camp.
9591:
8973:
8888:
8865:
7182:
7044:
6981:
6770:
6570:
6386:
5668:
5648:
5422:
5302:
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the day when the laureled image of the new emperors arrived in Alexandria. Moreover, Lactantius (
1948:
1228:
646:
9477:
9467:
9015:
8994:
8913:
7827:
7687:
7297:
6931:
6891:
6685:
6627:
6511:
6315:
5978:
5938:
5917:
5823:
4613:
4307:
4209:
3882:
1354:
1070:
763:
699:
602:
3323:
3247:
3216:
3181:
3151:
2704:
2687:
1009:
and, notwithstanding the prayers as well as arguments of Galerius, exacted the equal title of
9487:
8963:
8928:
8908:
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8860:
7460:
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5872:
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5843:
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4975:
4539:
4450:
4408:
4370:
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4286:
3293:
3025:
2483:
2444:
2345:
In the Middle realms; proclaimed by Galerius. Emperor of the East following Maximinus' death.
1923:
1034:
797:
582:
9526:
9482:
8988:
8943:
8316:
7944:
7879:
7732:
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7434:
7429:
7282:
6708:
6496:
6375:
5855:
5803:
5663:
5638:
5603:
5518:
5432:
5282:
5113:
3441:
1158:
Galerius died in late April or early May 311 from a horribly gruesome disease described by
856:
s were required to take their place. The two persons whom Galerius promoted to the rank of
752:
73:
2381:
8:
9531:
8978:
8953:
8918:
8855:
8230:
8205:
7409:
7404:
6828:
6259:
5786:
5771:
5749:
5684:
5673:
5628:
5574:
5064:
5002:
4965:
4459:
4417:
4379:
4321:
4295:
4146:
1638:
1208:
1186:
1146:
1075:
930:
880:
Italy to those of Syria, firmly established his power over three-quarters of the empire.
748:
554:
507:
142:
3636:
9576:
9268:
9255:
8832:
7842:
7414:
7389:
6456:
6231:
5833:
5776:
5720:
5702:
5691:
5653:
5623:
5501:
5219:
5123:
4873:
4842:
4835:
4037:
3944:, edited by Noel Lenski, 59–90. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006b. Hardcover
3687:
3679:
2591:
2583:
2378:
1939:
1046:
911:, and the fourth rank among the Roman princes, whilst he conferred the vacant place of
658:
633:
178:
36:
3813:, edited by Noel Lenski, 35–58. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Hardcover
9521:
9323:
9302:
9196:
9163:
8875:
8210:
7832:
7712:
7334:
7262:
6920:
6723:
6713:
6645:
5971:
5798:
5744:
5585:
5483:
5458:
5307:
5169:
4905:
4890:
4768:
4736:
4129:
4115:
4101:
4083:
4064:
4043:
4015:
4007:
3993:
3985:
3953:
3945:
3927:
3861:
3853:
3836:
3822:
3814:
3800:
3779:
3765:
3751:
3733:
3709:
3691:
3303:
3253:
3226:
3191:
3157:
3127:
2777:, p. 14, citing William Leadbetter, "Galerius and the Revolt of the Thebaid, 293/4,"
2595:
2559:"What's in a Name? A Survey of Roman Onomastic Practice from c. 700 B.C. to A.D. 700"
2493:
2253:
1895:
1175:
1167:
1104:
It was at the insistence of Galerius that the last edicts of persecution against the
963:
941:
297:
284:
4152:
1204:
793:
9581:
9566:
9502:
9329:
9157:
8923:
8677:
8260:
7557:
7453:
7394:
6818:
6798:
5928:
5905:
5808:
5781:
5766:
5732:
5658:
5618:
5608:
5333:
5260:
5230:
5093:
5048:
5043:
4915:
4514:
4494:
4474:
3671:
3177:
2575:
2177:
2130:
1630:
1343:
1097:
he began one of the last and greatest Christian persecutions in the history of the
872:
846:
540:
450:
422:
373:
359:
82:
649:
on Galerius, then commander of the eastern forces, in the region between Carrhae (
9274:
9244:
9203:
9139:
8883:
8813:
8683:
8022:
7677:
7399:
6793:
6431:
6399:
6238:
5569:
5559:
5468:
5255:
5163:
5151:
5145:
4997:
4818:
4788:
4731:
4711:
4528:
4058:
3921:
3727:
3703:
3459:
3448:
2979:
1986:
1613:
817:
562:
277:
266:
230:
6980:
9370:
9168:
9129:
8847:
8803:
8672:
7756:
7682:
7512:
7384:
7344:
7092:
6944:
6909:
6899:
6833:
6788:
6670:
6665:
6245:
6224:
6190:
5463:
5427:
5372:
5265:
5188:
5086:
5080:
5012:
4992:
4746:
4706:
4548:
4479:
4303:
4251:
3878:
3797:
The Empire of the Tetrarchs: Imperial Pronouncements and Government, AD 284–324
3343:
The empire of the tetrarchs: imperial pronouncements and government, AD 284–324
3187:
2151:
1135:
1026:
864:
852:
707:
549:
520:
498:
470:
438:
406:
254:
200:
111:
3750:, edited by Hubert Cancik and Helmut Schneider, 429–438. Leiden: Brill, 2002.
9515:
9049:
8948:
8780:
8750:
8426:
8281:
8138:
8007:
7847:
7822:
7772:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7359:
7166:
7097:
7087:
6949:
6703:
6451:
6394:
6347:
6184:
6143:
5933:
5893:
5437:
5245:
5053:
4566:
4506:
4469:
4349:
4260:
4226:
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4166:
3905:
The Later Roman Empire, 284–602: A Social, Economic and Administrative Survey
3212:
3147:
2643:
2539:
2396:
1239:
1199:
888:
841:
829:
662:
the conventional organization of an imperial progression, designed to show a
414:
154:
68:
3593:
3539:
3512:
2748:
9134:
8968:
8958:
8933:
8785:
8735:
8694:
8420:
8332:
8220:
8133:
8113:
8032:
7997:
7992:
7878:
7817:
7527:
7349:
7339:
7302:
7257:
7171:
7161:
7151:
7067:
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6660:
6469:
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6270:
6217:
6122:
5678:
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5213:
5075:
4716:
4243:
2554:
2404:
1879:
1098:
1084:
1058:
804:
pass, the quickest southerly route into Persian Armenia; and access to the
686:
494:
442:
238:
186:
2749:"Church Fathers: Of the Manner in Which the Persecutors Died (Lactantius)"
30:
9238:
9183:
9034:
8983:
8903:
8775:
8667:
8649:
8607:
8518:
8409:
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6085:
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5367:
5292:
4866:
4813:
4756:
2193:
693:, the city where Galerius carried out most of his administrative actions.
486:
321:
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796:, Turkey). These regions included the passage of the Tigris through the
9355:
9309:
9262:
9217:
9189:
9010:
8893:
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5030:
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4763:
4626:
4484:
4439:
4425:
4359:
4317:
4275:
4222:
4202:
3788:
Burgess, R.W. "The Date of the Persecution of Christians in the Army".
2639:
2534:
2479:
2385:
1664:
1327:
1243:
1220:
1163:
1123:
1105:
1093:
904:
876:
837:
625:
621:
570:
558:
441:, defeating them in 297 and 300. Although he was a staunch opponent of
418:
340:
208:
148:
97:
4612:
3962:
Mackay, Christopher S. "Lactantius and the Succession to Diocletian."
3683:
3659:
2587:
1190:
926:
55:
9295:
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9173:
9099:
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4741:
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4510:
4489:
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1903:
1286:
1182:
1042:
979:
937:
922:
900:
805:
789:
735:
727:
673:
544:
482:
478:
474:
430:
160:
40:
9587:
Roman emperors to suffer posthumous denigration or damnatio memoriae
3475:
A Booklet About the Style of Life and the Manners of the Imperatores
429:
at the battle of Satala in 298 and sacking the Sassanian capital of
9360:
9349:
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4502:
4464:
4443:
4429:
4363:
4337:
4279:
4255:
4239:
4235:
3675:
2689:
Latin Epigraphy: An Introduction to the Study of Latin Inscriptions
2579:
2552:
For an analysis of the official nomenclature of the Tetrarchs, see
2432:
2164:
1956:
1375:
1367:
1189:, which was part of the palace he built at his birthplace, today's
1171:
1159:
1131:
1038:
1030:
1014:
983:
945:
785:
781:
773:
719:
711:
629:
617:
536:
514:
172:
166:
115:
101:
3845:
Gibbon, Edward, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire', Chapter 14
518:
was "Maximinus", but he changed it to "Maximianus" after becoming
9342:
9281:
9124:
8808:
8619:
8613:
8601:
8482:
8477:
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8393:
8238:
8190:
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7424:
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6778:
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6578:
6529:
6362:
6352:
6332:
6265:
6115:
5994:
5547:
5250:
5157:
5070:
4925:
4701:
2468:
http://laststatues.classics.ox.ac.uk, LSA-845 (Marianne Bergmann)
1109:
777:
759:(secretary) Sicorius Probus was sent to Narseh to present terms.
731:
715:
566:
490:
454:
250:
6006:
3809:
Corcoran, "Before Constantine", Simon. "Before Constantine." In
2422:" , since ancient sources often call him "Galerius Maximianus".
1002:. Maximian was to retire, and Maxentius was declared a usurper.
632:(r. 241–272), who had sacked Roman Antioch and captured Emperor
9249:
9119:
8756:
8639:
8244:
8215:
8085:
8060:
7852:
7786:
7612:
7605:
7532:
7487:
7481:
7307:
7227:
6813:
6640:
6593:
6547:
6519:
6445:
6323:
6282:
6164:
6129:
6101:
5319:
5176:
5058:
4830:
4696:
3870:
Helgeland, John. "Christians and the Roman Army A.D. 173–337."
3762:
The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume XII: The Crisis of Empire
1915:
1224:
1194:
1054:
1022:
821:
801:
723:
690:
678:
650:
613:
578:
434:
426:
59:
1112:
in April 311, apparently during his last bout of illness (see
1021:
in opposition to Constantine, who was campaigning against the
388:
9335:
9114:
9104:
9082:
8740:
7649:
7637:
7550:
7467:
7318:
7252:
6914:
6583:
6541:
6535:
6327:
6286:
6157:
6150:
6136:
4920:
4691:
4681:
4661:
1061:), and cutting down the immense forests that encompassed it.
1018:
957:
883:
His hopes were dashed when his colleague Constantius died at
654:
574:
565:), and at the same time being entrusted with the care of the
466:
2377:, 88ff., stating that the evidence adduced (the 7th-century
1154:– once part of an over life-sized statue, probably Galerius.
328:
Imperator Caesar Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus
9087:
9077:
8467:
8342:
7543:
6873:
6693:
6675:
6560:
6342:
6337:
6171:
5963:
4666:
4656:
884:
586:
394:
391:
379:
3899:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 574–575.
3611:
Nixon, C.E.V., and Barbara Saylor Rodgers, ed. and trans.
2994:
2992:
2932:
2930:
871:, and assigned the command of Egypt and Syria. Second was
7292:
3852:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Hardcover
3249:
Birth of the Church: From Jesus to Constantine, AD 30–312
2878:
2854:
376:
8513:
3613:
In Praise of Later Roman Emperors: The Panegyrici Latini
3295:
Age of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Ar
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2789:
2787:
3153:
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
3057:
2989:
2986:, which also had an emperor manning the southern flank.
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2927:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2816:
2721:
Maximianus Galerius in Dacia haud longe a Serdica natus
2664:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2602:
535:
He served with distinction as a soldier under Emperors
2804:
2802:
2515:
2513:
1207:
ceremony. The entire site has been inscribed into the
714:, winning continuous victories, most prominently near
531:
Diocletian, Galerius' father-in-law and senior emperor
417:
from 305 to 311. While acting as Caesar under Emperor
4006:. London & New York: Routledge, 2004a. Hardcover
3558:
Breviarium of the Accomplishments of the Roman People
3183:
Paganism and Christianity, 100–425 C.E.: A Sourcebook
2890:
2866:
2784:
2755:
1197:. Several lumps composed of corroded iron ring mail (
397:
3835:. Scranton, PA: University of Scranton Press, 1996.
3760:
Bowman, Alan K., Peter Garnsey, and Averil Cameron.
3011:
to its eventual conversion under Tiridates. Potter,
2942:
2828:
2652:
2614:
722:(Nusaybin) before 1 October 298. He moved down the
385:
4098:
The Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire
3087:
2799:
2510:
2318:
In the West; not recognized by the other tetrarchs.
382:
3564:2. Buffalo, NY: Canisius College, 2001. Online at
3556:Banchich, Thomas M., and Jennifer A. Meka, trans.
3481:1. Buffalo, NY: Canisius College, 2009. Online at
2915:
3942:The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine
3811:The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine
3615:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015.
2252:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982.
1231:, forefathers of Galerius, two centuries before.
751:and his beneficent conduct towards the family of
569:provinces. After a few years campaigning against
9513:
3132:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2435:apparently never issued any coinage when he was
2327:In Italy; not recognized by the other tetrarchs.
421:, Galerius obtained victory warring against the
3635:. London: Green and Champlin, 1814. Online at
1303:Chronological scheme of the Tetrarchy, 286–324
5979:
4598:
4114:. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997.
4063:. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.
3940:Lenski, Noel. "The Reign of Constantine." In
3176:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
1268:
4112:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
4080:The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine
3907:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1986.
3729:The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine
3114:. Archived from the original on 4 March 2022
2250:The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine
1064:
875:, Galerius' comrade in arms; he was sent to
734:before returning to Roman territory via the
607:
3732:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
3708:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
3586:Of the Manner in Which the Persecutors Died
3210:
5986:
5972:
4605:
4591:
3030:
2692:. Cambridge University Press. p. 232.
2354:Usurper in Africa, unrecognized elsewhere.
1275:
1261:
1057:the superfluous waters of Lake Pelso (now
543:, and in 293, at the establishment of the
29:
4100:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966.
3833:The Christianity of Constantine the Great
3291:
1214:
207:1 March 293 – 1 May 305 (under
9396:
4077:
3245:
3075:Lenski, "Reign of Constantine" (CC), 62.
2998:
2936:
2822:
2702:
1145:
1074:
962:
917:
887:in 306 and the legions elevated his son
816:
672:
526:
485:father and his mother, Romula, had left
4149:: Edict of Toleration by Galerius, 311.
3984:. New York: Routledge, 2004. Hardcover
3896:Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire
2530:
2528:
923:Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of Galerius
9514:
8543:
7908:
7010:
6036:
4035:
3919:
3910:
3778:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003.
3722:
3698:
3657:
3458:Unknown edition (in Latin). Online at
3272:
3146:
3063:
2961:
2909:
2884:
2872:
2860:
2839:
2793:
2732:
2682:
2670:
2658:
2627:
2608:
2553:
2519:
2485:The Art of the Roman Empire AD 100–450
2478:
2363:In the East; proclaimed by his troops.
433:in 299. He also campaigned across the
9395:
8512:
7877:
6979:
6005:
5967:
4586:
3746:Bleckmann, Bruno. "Diocletianus." In
2982:' (r. 161–180) earlier, unsuccessful
2706:The Imperial Families of Ancient Rome
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2175:
2173:
2162:
2160:
2149:
2147:
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2134:
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2035:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1954:
1947:
1945:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
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1914:
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1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
990:in the West, with Constantine as his
741:
730:, and gazing onwards to the ruins of
481:) – his birth and funeral place. His
9048:
4056:
3982:Constantine and the Christian Empire
3764:. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
3436:Mommsen, T. and Paul M. Meyer, eds.
3340:
3093:
3052:Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
2921:
2808:
2525:
2309:In the West; proclaimed by Galerius.
2300:In the West; proclaimed by Maximian.
561:'s daughter Valeria (later known as
4039:The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180–395
4032:(2004b). Accessed 16 December 2007.
3923:Galerius and the Will of Diocletian
3891:"C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus 9"
3530:Richardson, Ernest Cushing, trans.
2402:) explicitly states that Galerius'
812:
89:1 May 305 – early May 311
13:
4158:Lactantius about Galerius in his "
4153:Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus
3977:(1997). Accessed 16 February 2008.
3503:McGiffert, Arthur Cushman, trans.
3423:
3324:"Marble portrait of Roman Emperor"
3105:
3049:
940:, who was married to his daughter
592:
316:Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus
14:
9613:
9572:People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars
4140:
4126:Diocletian and the Roman Recovery
3799:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.
3658:Barnes, T. D. (7 December 1973).
3650:
3562:Canisius College Translated Texts
3479:Canisius College Translated Texts
3410:Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica
1246:is named after Emperor Galerius.
994:. In the East, Galerius remained
3915:. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
3877:
3850:Law and Empire in Late Antiquity
3579:On the Deaths of the Persecutors
3279:On the Deaths of the Persecutors
2761:
372:
3776:The Rise of Western Christendom
3399:
3386:
3377:
3364:
3349:
3334:
3316:
3285:
3266:
3239:
3204:
3170:
3140:
3099:
3078:
3069:
3018:
3004:
2967:
2845:
2767:
2741:
2726:
2713:
2696:
2676:
2633:
2546:
2425:
2412:
2366:
2357:
2222:
1115:Edict of Toleration by Galerius
1092:sedition in secret gatherings.
3790:Journal of Theological Studies
3590:Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers
3536:Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers
3509:Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers
2709:. Fonthill Media. p. 414.
2472:
2461:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2294:
1249:
1017:proclaimed himself emperor in
828:. The reverse depicts the god
512:'herd'). His original
1:
9006:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
4554:G. Ceionius Rufius Volusianus
4400:T. Flavius Postumius Titianus
4388:T. Flavius Postumius Titianus
4128:. New York: Routledge, 1997.
2851:Ammianus Marcellinus 23.5.11.
2723:", Eutropii Breviarum IX. 22.
2454:
677:Detail of Galerius attacking
460:
410:
225:
16:Roman emperor from 305 to 311
5993:
4060:Diocletian and the Tetrarchy
4026:Constantine I (306 – 337 AD)
3664:The Journal of Roman Studies
3660:"Lactantius and Constantine"
3633:The History of Count Zosimus
3473:Banchich, Thomas M., trans.
3156:. Cosimo, Inc. p. 132.
2775:Diocletian and the Tetrarchy
2277:Arch of Galerius and Rotunda
967:Portrait of Galerius on his
844:and Galerius to the rank of
840:in 305 and the elevation of
368:Galerius Valerius Maximianus
7:
8939:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
4162:" chapter XXIII & XXVII
3748:Brill's New Pauly, Volume 4
2282:Civil wars of the Tetrarchy
2270:
1181:Galerius was buried in his
998:and Maximinus remained his
35:Likely bust of Galerius in
10:
9618:
9552:4th-century Roman emperors
9542:3rd-century Roman emperors
7838:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
7222:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
6986:Second Intermediate Period
5878:Constantine XI Palaiologos
5829:Andronikos III Palaiologos
5716:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
3874:43:2 (1974): 149–163, 200.
3596:. Accessed 25 August 2009.
3584:Fletcher, William, trans.
3568:. Accessed 15 August 2009.
3542:. Accessed 25 August 2009.
3515:. Accessed 25 August 2009.
3485:. Accessed 15 August 2009.
3462:. Accessed 15 August 2009.
3455:. Accessed 25 August 2009.
3418:
3300:Metropolitan Museum of Art
3108:"Maxentius (306–312 A.D.)"
1284:Simplified family tree of
1234:
1068:
931:UNESCO World Heritage Site
915:on his favourite Severus.
653:, Turkey) and Callinicum (
596:
248:early May 311 (aged c. 53)
9547:4th-century Roman consuls
9537:3rd-century Roman consuls
9500:
9402:
9391:
9289:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
9033:
8979:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
8874:
8846:
8831:
8794:
8766:
8726:
8708:
8658:
8591:
8576:
8534:
8530:
8508:
8458:
8435:
8368:
8291:
8229:
8181:
8166:
8099:
8046:
7958:
7943:
7899:
7895:
7884:Third Intermediate Period
7873:
7796:
7755:
7663:
7595:
7443:
7211:
7196:
7132:
7106:
7058:
7043:
7001:
6997:
6975:
6930:
6890:
6765:
6750:
6684:
6626:
6569:
6510:
6495:
6385:
6314:
6299:
6200:
6084:
6069:
6027:
6023:
6012:First Intermediate Period
6001:
5954:
5886:
5851:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
5819:Andronikos II Palaiologos
5644:Constantine IX Monomachos
5332:
5229:
5112:
4939:
4777:
4625:
4563:
4537:
4521:
4499:
4448:
4436:
4422:
4406:
4396:
4384:
4368:
4356:
4342:
4326:
4314:
4300:
4284:
4272:
4267:
4248:
4207:
4199:
4194:
4174:
4036:Potter, David S. (2004).
3920:Leadbetter, Bill (2010).
3911:Kuhoff, Wolfgang (2001).
3442:University College London
2703:Maxwelll, Craven (2019).
2107:
2105:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2093:
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2043:
2031:
2029:
1952:
1919:
1899:
1871:
1869:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1847:
1839:
1823:
1821:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1791:
1789:
1777:
1775:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1735:
1733:
1721:
1719:
1707:
1705:
1693:
1691:
1655:Flavia Maximiana Theodora
1651:
1634:
1623:
1621:
1610:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1558:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1530:
1528:
1520:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1424:
1422:
1371:
1364:
1340:
1065:Persecution of Christians
608:Invasion, counterinvasion
355:
347:
336:
327:
320:
315:
310:
306:
283:
273:
261:
244:
219:
215:
199:
123:
107:
93:
81:
67:
28:
23:
9557:Caesars (heirs apparent)
9001:Cleopatra VII Philopator
7258:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
6016: (<3150–2040 BC)
5814:Michael VIII Palaiologos
4346:Anicius Faustus Paulinus
4160:De Mortibus Persecutorum
4030:De Imperatoribus Romanis
3975:De Imperatoribus Romanis
3971:Diocletian (284–305 AD.)
3705:Constantine and Eusebius
3575:De Mortibus Persecutorum
3566:De Imperatoribus Romanis
3483:De Imperatoribus Romanis
3394:De Mortibus Persecutorum
3372:De Mortibus Persecutorum
3292:Weitzmann, Kurt (1977).
3275:De Mortibus Persecutorum
3112:De Imperatoribus Romanis
2735:de Mortibus Persecutorum
2567:Journal of Roman Studies
2540:de Mortibus Persecutorum
2287:
1166:, possibly some form of
1141:
1128:De Mortibus Persecutorum
1013:. Around the same time,
836:After the abdication of
718:(Erzurum), and securing
557:, receiving in marriage
447:Diocletianic Persecution
8974:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
8889:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
7183:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
5669:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
5303:Tiberius II Constantine
4082:. New York: Routledge.
4078:Southern, Pat. (2001).
4042:. New York: Routledge.
4004:The Emperor Constantine
3980:Odahl, Charles Matson.
3606:Twelve Latin Panegyrics
3180:; Lane, Eugene (1992).
3013:The Roman Empire at Bay
2490:Oxford University Press
1949:Flavia Julia Constantia
706:Galerius advanced into
599:Roman–Iranian relations
465:Galerius was born near
9562:Deified Roman emperors
9016:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
8995:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
8989:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
8944:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
8914:Arsinoe III Philopator
7828:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
7298:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
7238:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
6829:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
5824:Michael IX Palaiologos
4096:Rostovtzeff, Michael.
3494:Historia Ecclesiastica
3490:Eusebius of Caesarea.
3453:University of Grenoble
3447:26 August 2009 at the
3273:Lactantius, "34, 35",
3211:Takacs, Sarolta Anna;
3050:Gibbon, Edward, "14",
2764:, p. 574, Vol. 1.
1355:Afranius Hannibalianus
1215:Anti-Roman accusations
1155:
1088:
1071:Diocletian Persecution
971:
933:
833:
762:The conditions of the
694:
532:
502:
8964:Ptolemy X Alexander I
8929:Ptolemy VI Philometor
8909:Ptolemy IV Philopator
8904:Berenice II Euergetes
8899:Ptolemy III Euergetes
8861:Philip III Arrhidaeus
7370:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
7365:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
6719:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
5918:Thessalonian emperors
5912:Trapezuntine emperors
5873:John VIII Palaiologos
5868:Manuel II Palaiologos
5839:John VI Kantakouzenos
5755:Andronikos I Komnenos
5592:Constantine Lekapenos
4620:and empresses regnant
4167:Catholic Encyclopedia
3966:94:2 (1999): 198–209.
3926:. London: Routledge.
3792:47:1 (1996): 157–158.
3643:in the public domain.
3602:XII Panegyrici Latini
3468:Epitome de Caesaribus
3246:Davidson, J. (2005).
2384:and the contemporary
1648:Constantinian Dynasty
1149:
1078:
966:
921:
820:
676:
530:
445:, Galerius ended the
9397:Dynastic genealogies
9021:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
8317:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
8231:High Priests of Amun
7733:Merankhre Mentuhotep
7435:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
7430:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
7283:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
6990: (2040–1550 BC)
6709:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
5856:John VII Palaiologos
5804:Theodore II Laskaris
5664:Constantine X Doukas
5604:Nikephoros II Phokas
4057:Rees, Roger (2004).
3969:Mathisen, Ralph W. "
3328:Canellopoulos Museum
3106:DiMaio, Michael Jr.
1152:Canellopoulos Museum
666:'s deference to his
8919:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
8856:Alexander the Great
7888: (1550–664 BC)
7410:Mershepsesre Ini II
7405:Merkawre Sobekhotep
6799:Neferkare IV Khendu
5787:Theodore I Laskaris
5772:Alexios III Angelos
5750:Alexios II Komnenos
5674:Romanos IV Diogenes
5629:Romanos III Argyros
5575:Romanos I Lekapenos
4460:Constantius Chlorus
4418:Constantius Chlorus
4380:Constantius Chlorus
4322:Constantius Chlorus
4308:G. Annius Anullinus
4296:Constantius Chlorus
4147:Medieval Sourcebook
4124:Williams, Stephen.
4110:Treadgold, Warren.
4024:Pohlsander, Hans. "
3964:Classical Philology
3532:Life of Constantine
3525:Life of Constantine
2248:Barnes, Timothy D.
2139:Constantine II
1227:had applied to the
1209:World Heritage List
1187:Gamzigrad-Romuliana
929:, Serbia, today an
891:to the position of
555:Constantius Chlorus
451:Edict of Toleration
449:when he issued the
413:258 – May 311) was
39:, found in 1993 at
9256:Trebonianus Gallus
7843:Senakhtenre Ahmose
7461:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
7415:Sewahenre Senebmiu
7390:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
6819:Neferkare V Tereru
6789:Neferkare III Neby
6457:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
5906:Britannic emperors
5900:Palmyrene emperors
5834:John V Palaiologos
5777:Alexios IV Angelos
5726:Constantine Doukas
5721:Alexios I Komnenos
5709:Constantine Doukas
5692:Michael VII Doukas
5654:Michael VI Bringas
5220:Romulus Augustulus
4843:Trebonianus Gallus
4836:Herennius Etruscus
4618:Byzantine emperors
4268:Political offices
4002:Pohlsander, Hans.
3724:Barnes, Timothy D.
3700:Barnes, Timothy D.
3431:Codex Theodosianus
3358:Historia Ecclesiae
3302:. pp. 13–14.
2887:, p. 292–293.
2863:, p. 651–652.
2418:Sometimes called "
1940:Julius Constantius
1156:
1089:
1047:Domitius Alexander
972:
934:
834:
742:Peace negotiations
695:
659:David Stone Potter
603:Roman–Persian Wars
533:
223:Galerius Maximinus
119:(both in the East)
9602:Damnatio memoriae
9597:Illyrian emperors
9509:
9508:
9496:
9495:
9387:
9386:
9383:
9382:
9379:
9378:
9303:Claudius Gothicus
9197:Severus Alexander
9164:Septimius Severus
9029:
9028:
8827:
8826:
8572:
8571:
8504:
8503:
8500:
8499:
8496:
8495:
8211:Osorkon the Elder
8162:
8161:
7939:
7938:
7869:
7868:
7865:
7864:
7861:
7860:
7833:Nubkheperre Intef
7713:Sekhemre Shedwast
7335:Sehetepkare Intef
7263:Semenkare Nebnuni
7192:
7191:
7039:
7038:
6971:
6970:
6967:
6966:
6963:
6962:
6746:
6745:
6724:Netjerkare Siptah
6646:Neferirkare Kakai
6491:
6490:
6295:
6294:
6065:
6064:
5961:
5960:
5799:John III Vatatzes
5745:Manuel I Komnenos
5484:Michael I Rangabe
5328:
5327:
5170:Petronius Maximus
4769:Severus Alexander
4737:Septimius Severus
4581:
4580:
4564:Succeeded by
4525:Tatius Andronicus
4500:Succeeded by
4423:Succeeded by
4403:Virius Nepotianus
4391:Virius Nepotianus
4385:Succeeded by
4343:Succeeded by
4301:Succeeded by
4249:Succeeded by
4106:978-0-19-814231-7
3933:978-0-415-40488-4
3883:Martindale, J. R.
3795:Corcoran, Simon.
3715:978-0-674-16531-1
3341:Corcoran, Simon,
3252:. Monarch Books.
3218:The Ancient World
3178:MacMullen, Ramsay
3163:978-1-60520-122-1
3066:, pp. 28–29.
2984:Parthian campaign
2673:, pp. 37–38.
2611:, pp. 18–21.
2379:Paschal Chronicle
2265:
2264:
2203:
2202:
1896:Valeria Maximilla
1880:Maximinus II
1308:
1229:conquered Dacians
1176:Fournier gangrene
942:Valeria Maximilla
757:magister memoriae
628:(r. 226–241) and
547:, was designated
511:
493:) because of the
365:
364:
332:
331:
298:Valeria Maximilla
9609:
9503:List of pharaohs
9393:
9392:
9158:Pescennius Niger
9046:
9045:
9042:
9041:
8954:Ptolemy IX Soter
8924:Cleopatra I Syra
8844:
8843:
8840:
8839:
8589:
8588:
8585:
8584:
8541:
8540:
8532:
8531:
8525:
8524:
8510:
8509:
8261:Djedkhonsuefankh
8179:
8178:
8175:
8174:
7956:
7955:
7952:
7951:
7926:
7921:
7906:
7905:
7897:
7896:
7890:
7889:
7875:
7874:
7468:Qareh Khawoserre
7454:Yakbim Sekhaenre
7395:Mersekhemre Ined
7209:
7208:
7205:
7204:
7056:
7055:
7052:
7051:
7008:
7007:
6999:
6998:
6992:
6991:
6977:
6976:
6763:
6762:
6759:
6758:
6508:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6312:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6082:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6034:
6033:
6025:
6024:
6018:
6017:
6003:
6002:
5988:
5981:
5974:
5965:
5964:
5809:John IV Laskaris
5782:Alexios V Doukas
5767:Isaac II Angelos
5733:John II Komnenos
5659:Isaac I Komnenos
5619:Constantine VIII
5609:John I Tzimiskes
5336:Byzantine Empire
5110:
5109:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4584:
4583:
4522:Preceded by
4515:Valerius Romulus
4495:Valerius Romulus
4475:Valerius Severus
4437:Preceded by
4397:Preceded by
4357:Preceded by
4315:Preceded by
4273:Preceded by
4200:Preceded by
4190:
4183:
4172:
4171:
4093:
4074:
4053:
3937:
3916:
3900:
3743:
3719:
3695:
3631:Unknown, trans.
3521:Vita Constantini
3412:
3403:
3397:
3390:
3384:
3381:
3375:
3368:
3362:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3047:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2987:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2940:
2934:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2806:
2797:
2791:
2782:
2781:34 (2000) 82–94.
2771:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2730:
2724:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2563:
2550:
2544:
2532:
2523:
2517:
2508:
2507:
2476:
2470:
2465:
2448:
2429:
2423:
2416:
2410:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2236:
2226:
2131:Valerius Romulus
1311:
1310:
1297:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1254:
1253:
1081:Arch of Galerius
813:Rule as Augustus
769:Caucasian Iberia
764:Peace of Nisibis
700:Battle of Satala
683:Arch of Galerius
506:
457:(Sofia) in 311.
423:Sassanian Empire
412:
404:
403:
400:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
360:Roman polytheism
351:Romula (alleged)
308:
307:
227:
126:
53:
43:and held at the
33:
21:
20:
9617:
9616:
9612:
9611:
9610:
9608:
9607:
9606:
9512:
9511:
9510:
9505:
9492:
9398:
9375:
9275:Macrianus Minor
9204:Maximinus Thrax
9140:Marcus Aurelius
9039:
9038:
9037:
9025:
8884:Ptolemy I Soter
8870:
8837:
8836:
8835:
8823:
8790:
8762:
8722:
8704:
8684:Psammetichus IV
8654:
8582:
8581:
8580:
8568:
8546:
8537:
8526:
8523:(664 BC–313 AD)
8522:
8521:
8492:
8454:
8431:
8427:Menkheperre Ini
8364:
8287:
8225:
8172:
8171:
8170:
8158:
8095:
8042:
8023:Neferneferuaten
7949:
7948:
7947:
7935:
7934:
7924:
7919:
7918:Pharaohs
7911:
7902:
7891:
7887:
7886:
7857:
7792:
7751:
7678:Sobekhotep VIII
7659:
7591:
7439:
7400:Sewadjkare Hori
7202:
7201:
7200:
7188:
7128:
7102:
7049:
7048:
7047:
7035:
7013:
7004:
6993:
6989:
6988:
6959:
6926:
6886:
6794:Djedkare Shemai
6756:
6755:
6754:
6742:
6680:
6622:
6565:
6501:
6500:
6499:
6487:
6381:
6305:
6304:
6303:
6291:
6196:
6075:
6074:
6073:
6061:
6039:
6030:
6019:
6015:
6014:
5997:
5992:
5962:
5957:
5950:
5894:Gallic emperors
5882:
5570:Constantine VII
5351:Constantine III
5338:
5335:
5324:
5233:
5225:
5164:Valentinian III
5152:Constantius III
5146:Priscus Attalus
5130:Constantine III
5116:
5108:
4998:Valerius Valens
4943:
4935:
4781:
4773:
4732:Didius Julianus
4712:Marcus Aurelius
4629:
4621:
4611:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4559:Aradius Rufinus
4557:
4552:
4545:
4543:
4535:
4531:
4529:Pompeius Probus
4527:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4456:
4454:
4446:
4442:
4432:
4428:
4414:
4412:
4404:
4402:
4392:
4390:
4376:
4374:
4366:
4362:
4352:
4348:
4334:
4332:
4324:
4320:
4310:
4306:
4292:
4290:
4282:
4278:
4263:
4258:
4234:
4215:
4214:305–311
4213:
4205:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4143:
4138:
4090:
4071:
4050:
3934:
3889:, eds. (1971).
3879:Jones, A. H. M.
3848:Harries, Jill.
3831:Elliott, T. G.
3740:
3716:
3653:
3648:
3449:Wayback Machine
3426:
3424:Ancient sources
3421:
3416:
3415:
3404:
3400:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3378:
3369:
3365:
3354:
3350:
3339:
3335:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3310:
3290:
3286:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3225:. p. 202.
3209:
3205:
3198:
3190:. p. 219.
3175:
3171:
3164:
3145:
3141:
3125:
3124:
3117:
3115:
3104:
3100:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3062:
3058:
3048:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3005:
2997:
2990:
2980:Marcus Aurelius
2972:
2968:
2960:
2943:
2935:
2928:
2920:
2916:
2908:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2871:
2867:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2838:
2829:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2800:
2792:
2785:
2772:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2731:
2727:
2718:
2714:
2701:
2697:
2681:
2677:
2669:
2665:
2657:
2653:
2638:
2634:
2626:
2615:
2607:
2603:
2561:
2551:
2547:
2533:
2526:
2518:
2511:
2500:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2430:
2426:
2417:
2413:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2273:
2267:
2240:
2239:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2212:
2196:
2183:
2181:
2170:
2168:
2157:
2155:
2144:
2142:
1992:
1991:Western Emperor
1990:
1977:
1976:Western Emperor
1975:
1962:
1961:Eastern Emperor
1960:
1957:Licinius I
1942:
1929:
1927:
1909:
1908:Western Emperor
1907:
1885:
1884:Eastern Emperor
1883:
1670:
1669:Western Emperor
1668:
1646:
1644:
1643:Western Emperor
1642:
1614:Galeria Valeria
1607:
1606:Eastern Emperor
1605:
1594:
1385:
1384:Western Emperor
1383:
1379:
1361:
1357:
1337:
1336:Western Emperor
1335:
1331:
1291:
1281:
1252:
1237:
1217:
1144:
1073:
1067:
824:of Galerius as
815:
744:
647:a severe defeat
610:
605:
595:
593:War with Persia
563:Galeria Valeria
475:Felix Romuliana
463:
375:
371:
302:
278:Galeria Valeria
269:
267:Felix Romuliana
249:
231:Felix Romuliana
229:
224:
195:
192:
136:
135:
124:
118:
77:
63:
47:
45:National Museum
17:
12:
11:
5:
9615:
9605:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9592:Roman pharaohs
9589:
9584:
9579:
9574:
9569:
9564:
9559:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9539:
9534:
9529:
9524:
9507:
9506:
9501:
9498:
9497:
9494:
9493:
9491:
9490:
9485:
9480:
9475:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9455:
9450:
9445:
9440:
9435:
9430:
9425:
9420:
9415:
9412:
9409:
9403:
9400:
9399:
9389:
9388:
9385:
9384:
9381:
9380:
9377:
9376:
9374:
9373:
9371:Maximinus Daza
9368:
9363:
9358:
9353:
9346:
9339:
9332:
9327:
9320:
9313:
9306:
9299:
9292:
9285:
9278:
9271:
9266:
9259:
9252:
9247:
9242:
9235:
9228:
9221:
9214:
9207:
9200:
9193:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9154:
9147:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9130:Antoninus Pius
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9054:
9052:
9043:
9040:(30 BC–313 AD)
9031:
9030:
9027:
9026:
9024:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8880:
8878:
8872:
8871:
8869:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8852:
8850:
8841:
8829:
8828:
8825:
8824:
8822:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8804:Artaxerxes III
8800:
8798:
8792:
8791:
8789:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8772:
8770:
8764:
8763:
8761:
8760:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8732:
8730:
8724:
8723:
8721:
8720:
8714:
8712:
8706:
8705:
8703:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8680:
8675:
8673:Petubastis III
8670:
8664:
8662:
8656:
8655:
8653:
8652:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8622:
8617:
8610:
8605:
8597:
8595:
8586:
8574:
8573:
8570:
8569:
8567:
8566:
8561:
8560:
8559:
8556:
8549:
8547:
8544:
8538:
8535:
8528:
8527:
8506:
8505:
8502:
8501:
8498:
8497:
8494:
8493:
8491:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8464:
8462:
8456:
8455:
8453:
8452:
8447:
8441:
8439:
8433:
8432:
8430:
8429:
8424:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8374:
8372:
8366:
8365:
8363:
8362:
8357:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8297:
8295:
8289:
8288:
8286:
8285:
8278:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8241:
8235:
8233:
8227:
8226:
8224:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8187:
8185:
8176:
8168:3 Intermediate
8164:
8163:
8160:
8159:
8157:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8105:
8103:
8097:
8096:
8094:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8052:
8050:
8044:
8043:
8041:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7964:
7962:
7953:
7950:(1550–1070 BC)
7941:
7940:
7937:
7936:
7933:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7915:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7903:
7900:
7893:
7892:
7871:
7870:
7867:
7866:
7863:
7862:
7859:
7858:
7856:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7808:
7802:
7800:
7794:
7793:
7791:
7790:
7783:
7776:
7769:
7761:
7759:
7753:
7752:
7750:
7749:
7742:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7683:Neferhotep III
7680:
7675:
7669:
7667:
7661:
7660:
7658:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7623:
7616:
7609:
7601:
7599:
7593:
7592:
7590:
7589:
7582:
7575:
7568:
7561:
7554:
7547:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7513:Sewadjkare III
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7482:Maaibre Sheshi
7478:
7475:'Ammu Ahotepre
7471:
7464:
7457:
7449:
7447:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7385:Merhotepre Ini
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7345:Sobekhotep III
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7217:
7215:
7206:
7203:(1802–1550 BC)
7198:2 Intermediate
7194:
7193:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7186:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7138:
7136:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7110:
7108:
7104:
7103:
7101:
7100:
7095:
7093:Mentuhotep III
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7064:
7062:
7053:
7050:(2040–1802 BC)
7045:Middle Kingdom
7041:
7040:
7037:
7036:
7034:
7033:
7028:
7027:
7026:
7023:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7005:
7002:
6995:
6994:
6982:Middle Kingdom
6973:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6961:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6945:Neferkare VIII
6942:
6936:
6934:
6928:
6927:
6925:
6924:
6917:
6912:
6910:Nebkaure Khety
6907:
6902:
6900:Meryibre Khety
6896:
6894:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6877:
6870:
6863:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6834:Neferkamin Anu
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6775:
6773:
6760:
6757:(2181–2040 BC)
6752:1 Intermediate
6748:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6740:
6733:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6690:
6688:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6678:
6673:
6671:Djedkare Isesi
6668:
6666:Menkauhor Kaiu
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6632:
6630:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6620:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6575:
6573:
6567:
6566:
6564:
6563:
6558:
6551:
6544:
6539:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6516:
6514:
6505:
6502:(2686–2181 BC)
6493:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6485:
6480:
6473:
6466:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6442:
6435:
6428:
6421:
6414:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6391:
6389:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6379:
6372:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6320:
6318:
6309:
6306:(3150–2686 BC)
6301:Early Dynastic
6297:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6290:
6289:
6280:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6256:
6249:
6242:
6235:
6228:
6221:
6214:
6206:
6204:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6194:
6187:
6182:
6175:
6168:
6161:
6154:
6147:
6140:
6133:
6126:
6119:
6112:
6105:
6098:
6090:
6088:
6079:
6067:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6059:
6054:
6053:
6052:
6049:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6031:
6028:
6021:
6020:
5999:
5998:
5991:
5990:
5983:
5976:
5968:
5959:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5941:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5915:
5909:
5903:
5897:
5890:
5888:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5853:
5848:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5730:
5718:
5713:
5689:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5649:Theodora (III)
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5545:
5540:
5528:
5516:
5511:
5499:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5464:Constantine VI
5461:
5456:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5428:Theodosius III
5425:
5420:
5415:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5373:Constantine IV
5370:
5365:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5330:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5237:
5235:
5231:Eastern Empire
5227:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5216:
5211:
5204:
5197:
5192:
5185:
5180:
5173:
5166:
5161:
5154:
5149:
5142:
5126:
5120:
5118:
5114:Western Empire
5107:
5106:
5099:
5087:Magnus Maximus
5083:
5081:Valentinian II
5078:
5073:
5068:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5034:
5027:
5020:
5015:
5013:Constantius II
5010:
5008:Constantine II
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4947:
4945:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4876:
4871:
4863:
4858:
4840:
4828:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4785:
4783:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4707:Antoninus Pius
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4633:
4631:
4630:27 BC – AD 235
4623:
4622:
4610:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4587:
4579:
4578:
4565:
4562:
4549:Maximinus Daza
4536:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4501:
4498:
4480:Maximinus Daza
4447:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4424:
4421:
4405:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4386:
4383:
4367:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4344:
4341:
4325:
4316:
4312:
4311:
4304:Nummius Tuscus
4302:
4299:
4283:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4252:Maximinus Daza
4250:
4247:
4206:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4195:Regnal titles
4192:
4191:
4175:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4155:
4150:
4142:
4141:External links
4139:
4137:
4136:
4122:
4108:
4094:
4088:
4075:
4069:
4054:
4048:
4033:
4022:
4000:
3978:
3967:
3960:
3938:
3932:
3917:
3908:
3903:Jones, A.H.M.
3901:
3875:
3872:Church History
3868:
3846:
3843:
3829:
3807:
3793:
3786:
3774:Brown, Peter.
3772:
3758:
3744:
3738:
3720:
3714:
3696:
3676:10.2307/299163
3654:
3652:
3651:Modern sources
3649:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3505:Church History
3498:Church History
3488:
3487:
3486:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3460:AncientRome.ru
3456:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3406:Galerius Peak.
3398:
3385:
3376:
3363:
3348:
3333:
3315:
3308:
3284:
3265:
3259:978-1854246585
3258:
3238:
3231:
3213:Cline, Eric H.
3203:
3196:
3188:Fortress Press
3169:
3162:
3148:Gibbon, Edward
3139:
3098:
3096:, p. 160.
3086:
3077:
3068:
3056:
3029:
3017:
3003:
3001:, p. 150.
2988:
2966:
2941:
2939:, p. 151.
2926:
2914:
2912:, p. 293.
2889:
2877:
2875:, p. 652.
2865:
2853:
2844:
2827:
2825:, p. 149.
2815:
2798:
2796:, p. 292.
2783:
2766:
2754:
2740:
2725:
2712:
2695:
2675:
2663:
2651:
2632:
2613:
2601:
2580:10.2307/300873
2545:
2524:
2509:
2498:
2492:. p. 58.
2471:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2424:
2411:
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2356:
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2311:
2302:
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2285:
2284:
2279:
2272:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2238:
2237:
2229:Timothy Barnes
2220:
2219:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2174:
2172:
2161:
2159:
2152:Constantius II
2148:
2146:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
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2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
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2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1900:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
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1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
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1804:
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1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
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1768:
1766:
1764:
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1759:
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1744:
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1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
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1547:
1545:
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1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1293:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1236:
1233:
1216:
1213:
1211:in June 2007.
1143:
1140:
1136:Edict of Milan
1079:Detail of the
1069:Main article:
1066:
1063:
865:Maximinus Daza
814:
811:
743:
740:
716:Theodosiopolis
642:Persici Maximi
609:
606:
594:
591:
471:Dacia Ripensis
462:
459:
363:
362:
357:
353:
352:
349:
345:
344:
338:
334:
333:
330:
329:
325:
324:
318:
317:
313:
312:
304:
303:
301:
300:
295:
289:
287:
281:
280:
275:
271:
270:
265:
263:
259:
258:
257:, Roman Empire
255:Dacia Ripensis
246:
242:
241:
221:
217:
216:
213:
212:
205:
197:
196:
194:
193:
191:
190:
184:
176:
170:
164:
158:
152:
146:
139:
131:
130:
129:
127:
121:
120:
109:
105:
104:
95:
91:
90:
87:
79:
78:
71:
65:
64:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9614:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9578:
9575:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9565:
9563:
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9548:
9545:
9543:
9540:
9538:
9535:
9533:
9530:
9528:
9525:
9523:
9520:
9519:
9517:
9504:
9499:
9489:
9486:
9484:
9481:
9479:
9476:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9466:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9419:
9416:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9405:
9404:
9401:
9394:
9390:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9351:
9347:
9345:
9344:
9340:
9338:
9337:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9325:
9321:
9319:
9318:
9314:
9312:
9311:
9307:
9305:
9304:
9300:
9298:
9297:
9293:
9291:
9290:
9286:
9284:
9283:
9279:
9277:
9276:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9264:
9260:
9258:
9257:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9240:
9236:
9234:
9233:
9229:
9227:
9226:
9222:
9220:
9219:
9215:
9213:
9212:
9208:
9206:
9205:
9201:
9199:
9198:
9194:
9192:
9191:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9159:
9155:
9153:
9152:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9095:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9055:
9053:
9051:
9047:
9044:
9036:
9032:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8996:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8949:Cleopatra III
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8881:
8879:
8877:
8873:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8853:
8851:
8849:
8845:
8842:
8834:
8830:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8801:
8799:
8797:
8793:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8773:
8771:
8769:
8765:
8759:
8758:
8754:
8752:
8751:Nepherites II
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8733:
8731:
8729:
8725:
8719:
8716:
8715:
8713:
8711:
8707:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8685:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8665:
8663:
8661:
8657:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8615:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8603:
8599:
8598:
8596:
8594:
8590:
8587:
8579:
8575:
8565:
8562:
8557:
8554:
8553:
8551:
8550:
8548:
8542:
8539:
8533:
8529:
8520:
8516:
8511:
8507:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8465:
8463:
8461:
8457:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8442:
8440:
8438:
8434:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8422:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8395:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8375:
8373:
8371:
8367:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8355:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8318:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8298:
8296:
8294:
8290:
8284:
8283:
8282:Psusennes III
8279:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8257:
8254:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8246:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8236:
8234:
8232:
8228:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8188:
8186:
8184:
8180:
8177:
8173:(1069–664 BC)
8169:
8165:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8139:Ramesses VIII
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8106:
8104:
8102:
8098:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8053:
8051:
8049:
8045:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8008:Amenhotep III
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7965:
7963:
7961:
7957:
7954:
7946:
7942:
7931:
7928:
7923:
7917:
7916:
7913:
7907:
7904:
7898:
7894:
7885:
7881:
7876:
7872:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7848:Seqenenre Tao
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7823:Sobekemsaf II
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7813:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7803:
7801:
7799:
7795:
7789:
7788:
7784:
7782:
7781:
7777:
7775:
7774:
7773:Wepwawetemsaf
7770:
7768:
7767:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7758:
7754:
7748:
7747:
7743:
7741:
7740:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7666:
7662:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7645:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7628:
7624:
7622:
7621:
7617:
7615:
7614:
7610:
7608:
7607:
7603:
7602:
7600:
7598:
7594:
7588:
7587:
7583:
7581:
7580:
7576:
7574:
7573:
7569:
7567:
7566:
7562:
7560:
7559:
7555:
7553:
7552:
7548:
7546:
7545:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7483:
7479:
7477:
7476:
7472:
7470:
7469:
7465:
7463:
7462:
7458:
7456:
7455:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7446:
7442:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7380:Merneferre Ay
7378:
7376:
7375:Wahibre Ibiau
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7360:Sobekhotep IV
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7320:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7223:
7219:
7218:
7216:
7214:
7210:
7207:
7199:
7195:
7185:
7184:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7167:Amenemhat III
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7135:
7131:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7111:
7109:
7105:
7099:
7098:Mentuhotep IV
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7088:Mentuhotep II
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7065:
7063:
7061:
7057:
7054:
7046:
7042:
7032:
7029:
7024:
7021:
7020:
7018:
7017:
7015:
7009:
7006:
7000:
6996:
6987:
6983:
6978:
6974:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6950:Wahkare Khety
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6937:
6935:
6933:
6929:
6923:
6922:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6905:Neferkare VII
6903:
6901:
6898:
6897:
6895:
6893:
6889:
6883:
6882:
6878:
6876:
6875:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6864:
6862:
6861:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6772:
6768:
6764:
6761:
6753:
6749:
6739:
6738:
6734:
6732:
6731:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6687:
6683:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6633:
6631:
6629:
6625:
6619:
6618:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6601:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6576:
6574:
6572:
6568:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6556:
6552:
6550:
6549:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6537:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6517:
6515:
6513:
6509:
6506:
6498:
6494:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6478:
6474:
6472:
6471:
6467:
6465:
6464:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6452:Seth-Peribsen
6450:
6448:
6447:
6443:
6441:
6440:
6436:
6434:
6433:
6429:
6427:
6426:
6422:
6420:
6419:
6415:
6413:
6412:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6395:Hotepsekhemwy
6393:
6392:
6390:
6388:
6384:
6378:
6377:
6373:
6371:
6370:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6325:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6313:
6310:
6302:
6298:
6288:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6261:
6257:
6255:
6254:
6250:
6248:
6247:
6243:
6241:
6240:
6236:
6234:
6233:
6229:
6227:
6226:
6222:
6220:
6219:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6203:
6199:
6193:
6192:
6188:
6186:
6185:Double Falcon
6183:
6181:
6180:
6176:
6174:
6173:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6155:
6153:
6152:
6148:
6146:
6145:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6134:
6132:
6131:
6127:
6125:
6124:
6120:
6118:
6117:
6113:
6111:
6110:
6106:
6104:
6103:
6099:
6097:
6096:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6080:
6076:(pre-3150 BC)
6072:
6071:Protodynastic
6068:
6058:
6055:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6035:
6032:
6026:
6022:
6013:
6009:
6008:Protodynastic
6004:
6000:
5996:
5989:
5984:
5982:
5977:
5975:
5970:
5969:
5966:
5953:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5919:
5916:
5913:
5910:
5907:
5904:
5901:
5898:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5885:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5846:
5845:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5734:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5704:
5699:
5698:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5681:
5680:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5581:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5532:
5531:Theodora (II)
5529:
5526:
5525:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5503:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5446:
5445:
5441:
5439:
5438:Constantine V
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5423:Anastasius II
5421:
5419:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5331:
5321:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5246:Theodosius II
5244:
5242:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5132:
5131:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5089:
5088:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5054:Valentinian I
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4977:
4976:Constantine I
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4966:Constantius I
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4619:
4615:
4608:
4603:
4601:
4596:
4594:
4589:
4588:
4585:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4567:Constantine I
4561:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4542:
4541:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4507:Constantine I
4504:
4497:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4470:Constantine I
4466:
4461:
4453:
4452:
4445:
4441:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4420:
4419:
4411:
4410:
4401:
4395:
4389:
4382:
4381:
4373:
4372:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4351:
4350:Virius Gallus
4347:
4340:
4339:
4331:
4330:
4323:
4319:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4297:
4289:
4288:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4266:
4262:
4261:Constantine I
4257:
4253:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4232:
4228:
4227:Constantine I
4224:
4220:
4219:Constantius I
4212:
4211:
4210:Roman emperor
4204:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4181:
4173:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4135:
4134:0-415-91827-8
4131:
4127:
4123:
4121:
4120:0-8047-2630-2
4117:
4113:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4089:0-415-23944-3
4085:
4081:
4076:
4072:
4070:9780748616602
4066:
4062:
4061:
4055:
4051:
4049:0-415-10057-7
4045:
4041:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4021:
4020:0-415-31938-2
4017:
4013:
4012:0-415-31937-4
4009:
4005:
4001:
3999:
3998:0-415-38655-1
3995:
3991:
3990:0-415-17485-6
3987:
3983:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3959:
3958:0-521-52157-2
3955:
3951:
3950:0-521-81838-9
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3918:
3914:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3867:
3866:0-521-42273-6
3863:
3859:
3858:0-521-41087-8
3855:
3851:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3841:0-940866-59-5
3838:
3834:
3830:
3828:
3827:0-521-52157-2
3824:
3820:
3819:0-521-81838-9
3816:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3805:0-19-815304-X
3802:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3785:
3784:0-631-22138-7
3781:
3777:
3773:
3771:
3770:0-521-30199-8
3767:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3756:90-04-12259-1
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3739:0-674-28066-0
3735:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3656:
3655:
3642:
3641:Historia Nova
3638:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3622:Historia Nova
3619:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3395:
3389:
3380:
3373:
3367:
3360:
3359:
3352:
3345:, p. 187
3344:
3337:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3311:
3309:9780870991790
3305:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3288:
3280:
3276:
3269:
3261:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3242:
3234:
3232:9781317458395
3228:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3207:
3199:
3197:9781451407853
3193:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3165:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3135:
3129:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3090:
3084:Odahl, 79–80.
3081:
3072:
3065:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3027:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2999:Southern 2001
2995:
2993:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2964:, p. 18.
2963:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2938:
2937:Southern 2001
2933:
2931:
2924:, p. 14.
2923:
2918:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2886:
2881:
2874:
2869:
2862:
2857:
2848:
2842:, p. 17.
2841:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2824:
2823:Southern 2001
2819:
2812:
2805:
2803:
2795:
2790:
2788:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2763:
2758:
2750:
2744:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2716:
2708:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2672:
2667:
2661:, p. 38.
2660:
2655:
2648:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2630:, p. 37.
2629:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2610:
2605:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2555:Salway, Benet
2549:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2521:
2516:
2514:
2506:
2501:
2499:9780198768630
2495:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2421:
2415:
2409:acclamations.
2407:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2333:
2324:
2315:
2306:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2259:
2258:0-7837-2221-4
2255:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2243:Bibliography:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2195:
2180:
2179:
2167:
2166:
2154:
2153:
2141:
2140:
2132:
2112:
2109:
2101:
2099:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2059:
2051:
2049:
2041:
2039:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1988:
1974:
1973:
1959:
1958:
1950:
1941:
1928:Roman Emperor
1926:
1925:
1924:Constantine I
1917:
1906:
1905:
1897:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1811:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1772:
1769:
1760:
1753:
1745:
1743:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1666:
1656:
1649:
1641:
1640:
1639:Constantius I
1632:
1615:
1604:
1603:
1591:
1588:
1574:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1544:
1542:
1508:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1484:
1482:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1456:
1448:
1446:
1434:
1432:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1369:
1360:
1356:
1345:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1240:Galerius Peak
1232:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1219:According to
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1200:lorica hamata
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1095:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1045:(Italy), and
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:Constantine I
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
976:
970:
965:
961:
959:
954:
949:
947:
943:
939:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
914:
910:
906:
902:
896:
894:
890:
886:
881:
878:
874:
870:
866:
861:
859:
855:
854:
849:
848:
843:
842:Constantius I
839:
831:
827:
823:
819:
810:
807:
803:
799:
795:
792:(near modern
791:
787:
783:
780:), Arzanene (
779:
776:, Sophanene (
775:
770:
765:
760:
758:
754:
750:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
704:
701:
692:
688:
684:
680:
675:
671:
669:
665:
660:
656:
652:
648:
643:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
604:
600:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
551:
546:
542:
538:
529:
525:
523:
522:
517:
516:
509:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
415:Roman emperor
408:
402:
369:
361:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
339:
335:
326:
323:
319:
314:
309:
305:
299:
296:
294:
291:
290:
288:
286:
282:
279:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
243:
240:
236:
232:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
204:
203:
198:
188:
185:
182:
181:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:Constantine I
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:Constantius I
141:
140:
138:
137:
134:
128:
122:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
88:
86:
85:
80:
75:
70:
69:Roman emperor
66:
61:
57:
51:
46:
42:
38:
32:
27:
22:
19:
9365:
9348:
9341:
9334:
9322:
9315:
9308:
9301:
9294:
9287:
9280:
9273:
9261:
9254:
9237:
9230:
9223:
9216:
9209:
9202:
9195:
9188:
9156:
9149:
9135:Lucius Verus
9092:
8993:
8969:Berenice III
8959:Cleopatra IV
8934:Cleopatra II
8866:Alexander IV
8786:Nectanebo II
8755:
8736:Nepherites I
8695:Artaxerxes I
8682:
8612:
8600:
8583:(664–332 BC)
8563:
8519:Roman Period
8421:Shoshenq VII
8419:
8392:
8352:
8333:Shoshenq III
8315:
8280:
8243:
8221:Psusennes II
8134:Ramesses VII
8114:Ramesses III
7998:Amenhotep II
7993:Thutmose III
7929:
7818:Sobekemsaf I
7810:
7785:
7778:
7771:
7764:
7744:
7737:
7642:
7625:
7620:'Aper-'Anati
7618:
7611:
7604:
7584:
7577:
7570:
7563:
7556:
7549:
7542:
7528:Sekheperenre
7480:
7473:
7466:
7459:
7452:
7350:Neferhotep I
7340:Seth Meribre
7317:
7303:Djedkheperew
7220:
7181:
7172:Amenemhat IV
7162:Senusret III
7152:Amenemhat II
7068:Mentuhotep I
7030:
6919:
6879:
6872:
6865:
6858:
6784:Neferkare II
6735:
6728:
6661:Nyuserre Ini
6615:
6598:
6553:
6546:
6534:
6475:
6470:Neferkasokar
6468:
6461:
6444:
6437:
6430:
6423:
6416:
6409:
6374:
6367:
6275:
6258:
6251:
6244:
6237:
6230:
6223:
6218:Finger Snail
6216:
6209:
6189:
6177:
6170:
6163:
6156:
6149:
6142:
6135:
6128:
6121:
6114:
6107:
6100:
6093:
6056:
5861:Andronikos V
5859:
5842:
5790:
5758:
5736:
5724:
5707:
5701:
5695:
5683:
5677:
5590:
5584:
5578:
5551:
5534:
5522:
5505:
5493:
5487:
5474:Nikephoros I
5449:
5448:
5442:
5409:
5406:Justinian II
5401:Tiberius III
5391:Justinian II
5382:
5376:
5359:
5311:
5283:Anastasius I
5274:
5218:
5214:Julius Nepos
5206:
5199:
5187:
5175:
5168:
5156:
5144:
5135:
5134:
5128:
5101:
5092:
5091:
5085:
5076:Theodosius I
5063:
5036:
5029:
5022:
4993:Maximinus II
4980:
4960:
4882:
4865:
4852:
4846:
4834:
4822:
4755:
4717:Lucius Verus
4546:
4540:Roman consul
4538:
4457:
4451:Roman consul
4449:
4415:
4409:Roman consul
4407:
4377:
4371:Roman consul
4369:
4335:
4329:Roman consul
4327:
4293:
4287:Roman consul
4285:
4244:Maximinus II
4217:
4208:
4186:
4179:
4159:
4125:
4111:
4097:
4079:
4059:
4038:
4029:
4003:
3981:
3974:
3963:
3941:
3922:
3912:
3904:
3894:
3887:Morris, John
3871:
3849:
3832:
3810:
3796:
3789:
3775:
3761:
3747:
3728:
3704:
3667:
3663:
3640:
3632:
3625:
3621:
3612:
3605:
3601:
3589:
3585:
3578:
3574:
3573:Lactantius.
3561:
3557:
3550:
3535:
3531:
3524:
3520:
3508:
3504:
3497:
3493:
3478:
3474:
3467:
3437:
3430:
3401:
3393:
3392:Lactantius,
3388:
3379:
3371:
3370:Lactantius,
3366:
3356:
3351:
3342:
3336:
3327:
3318:
3294:
3287:
3278:
3274:
3268:
3248:
3241:
3217:
3206:
3182:
3172:
3152:
3142:
3116:. Retrieved
3111:
3101:
3089:
3080:
3071:
3059:
3051:
3024:Nixon 2015,
3020:
3012:
3006:
2974:
2973:Lactantius (
2969:
2917:
2880:
2868:
2856:
2847:
2818:
2810:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2757:
2743:
2734:
2733:Lactantius,
2728:
2720:
2715:
2705:
2698:
2688:
2684:Sandys, John
2678:
2666:
2654:
2644:
2635:
2604:
2571:
2565:
2548:
2538:
2522:, p. 4.
2503:
2484:
2474:
2463:
2440:
2436:
2427:
2419:
2414:
2405:dies imperii
2403:
2397:
2389:
2374:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2323:
2314:
2305:
2296:
2266:
2249:
2242:
2241:
2232:
2224:
2214:
2213:
2176:
2163:
2150:
2137:
1985:
1970:
1955:
1922:
1902:
1878:
1663:
1637:
1601:
1600:
1380:
1374:
1358:
1332:
1326:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1285:
1283:
1238:
1218:
1198:
1180:
1168:bowel cancer
1157:
1150:Head in the
1127:
1120:
1113:
1103:
1099:Roman Empire
1090:
1085:Thessaloniki
1059:Lake Balaton
1051:
1027:Maximinus II
1010:
1006:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
987:
977:
973:
950:
935:
912:
908:
897:
892:
882:
868:
862:
857:
851:
845:
835:
825:
761:
756:
745:
705:
696:
687:Thessaloniki
667:
663:
641:
638:
611:
548:
534:
519:
513:
464:
443:Christianity
437:against the
425:, defeating
409:: Γαλέριος;
367:
366:
239:Roman Empire
201:
187:Maximinus II
179:
132:
112:Maximinus II
83:
18:
9527:250s births
9239:Gordian III
9184:Diadumenian
8984:Cleopatra V
8838:(332–30 BC)
8833:Hellenistic
8776:Nectanebo I
8668:Cambyses II
8650:Psamtik III
8608:Tefnakht II
8410:Takelot III
8405:Osorkon III
8400:Shoshenq VI
8354:Pedubast II
8338:Shoshenq IV
8311:Shoshenq II
8276:Pinedjem II
8266:Menkheperre
8201:Psusennes I
8154:Ramesses XI
8144:Ramesses IX
8129:Ramesses VI
8119:Ramesses IV
8066:Ramesses II
8028:Tutankhamun
8003:Thutmose IV
7983:Thutmose II
7973:Amenhotep I
7945:New Kingdom
7880:New Kingdom
7739:Senusret IV
7723:Dedumose II
7698:Nebiriau II
7693:Nebiryraw I
7688:Mentuhotepi
7493:Khakherewre
7420:Merkheperre
7330:Imyremeshaw
7313:Sedjefakare
7268:Sehetepibre
7243:Ameny Qemau
7177:Sobekneferu
7157:Senusret II
7142:Amenemhat I
7124:Iyibkhentre
6854:Neferirkare
6849:Neferkauhor
6656:Shepseskare
6497:Old Kingdom
6483:Khasekhemwy
6463:Neferkara I
6432:Weneg-Nebty
6277:Scorpion II
5920:(1224–1242)
5914:(1204–1461)
5703:Konstantios
5580:Christopher
5553:Constantine
5543:Michael III
5524:Constantine
5507:Constantine
5489:Theophylact
5418:Philippicus
5368:Constans II
5293:Justinian I
5189:Severus III
5137:Constans II
4891:Claudius II
4867:Silbannacus
4814:Gordian III
4789:Maximinus I
4757:Diadumenian
3626:New History
3064:Barnes 1981
2962:Barnes 1981
2910:Potter 2004
2885:Potter 2004
2873:Potter 2004
2861:Potter 2004
2840:Barnes 1981
2794:Potter 2004
2738:, chapter 9
2671:Barnes 1982
2659:Barnes 1982
2628:Barnes 1982
2574:: 137–140.
2520:Barnes 1982
2480:Elsner, Jas
2420:Maximian II
2194:Licinius II
1250:Family tree
889:Constantine
800:range; the
798:Anti-Taurus
616:, a son of
553:along with
487:Roman Dacia
322:Regnal name
293:Candidianus
235:Roman Dacia
94:Predecessor
48: [
9532:311 deaths
9516:Categories
9356:Diocletian
9310:Quintillus
9263:Aemilianus
9218:Gordian II
9190:Elagabalus
9011:Arsinoe IV
8894:Arsinoe II
8819:Darius III
8746:Psammuthes
8635:Psamtik II
8450:Bakenranef
8388:Pedubast I
8383:Takelot II
8378:Harsiese A
8360:Osorkon IV
8348:Shoshenq V
8328:Osorkon II
8301:Shoshenq I
8271:Smendes II
8251:Pinedjem I
8196:Amenemnisu
8149:Ramesses X
8124:Ramesses V
8076:Amenmesses
8056:Ramesses I
8018:Smenkhkare
7988:Hatshepsut
7978:Thutmose I
7728:Montuemsaf
7718:Dedumose I
7518:Nebdjefare
7508:Merdjefare
7278:Nedjemibre
7273:Sewadjkare
7147:Senusret I
7119:Qakare Ini
6940:Meryhathor
6844:Neferkaure
6839:Qakare Iby
6824:Neferkahor
6809:Neferkamin
6617:Thamphthis
6611:Shepseskaf
6525:Sekhemkhet
6376:Horus Bird
6253:Scorpion I
5697:Andronikos
5685:Nikephoros
5634:Michael IV
5599:Romanos II
5519:Theophilos
5514:Michael II
5495:Staurakios
5479:Staurakios
5451:Nikephoros
5444:Artabasdos
5356:Heraclonas
5313:Theodosius
5271:Basiliscus
5031:Nepotianus
5024:Magnentius
5018:Constans I
4971:Severus II
4951:Diocletian
4896:Quintillus
4861:Aemilianus
4854:Volusianus
4799:Gordian II
4764:Elagabalus
4627:Principate
4485:Diocletian
4440:Diocletian
4426:Diocletian
4360:Diocletian
4318:Diocletian
4276:Diocletian
4223:Severus II
4203:Diocletian
4014:Paperback
3992:Paperback
3952:Paperback
3860:Paperback
3821:Paperback
3637:Tertullian
3594:New Advent
3551:Breviarium
3540:New Advent
3513:New Advent
3355:Eusebius,
2811:Diocletian
2809:Williams,
2779:Antichthon
2640:Lactantius
2609:Leadbetter
2535:Lactantius
2455:References
2386:Lactantius
2375:Dioclétien
2233:New Empire
2165:Constans I
1943:consul 335
1665:Severus II
1362:consul 292
1359:(disputed)
1328:DIOCLETIAN
1300:See also:
1244:Antarctica
1221:Lactantius
1205:apotheosis
1164:Lactantius
1124:Lactantius
1106:Christians
1094:Diocletian
1049:(Africa).
1033:(Middle),
905:Roman army
877:Mediolanum
863:First was
850:, two new
838:Diocletian
753:Darius III
622:Bahram III
597:See also:
571:Sarmatians
559:Diocletian
461:Early life
419:Diocletian
343:(adoptive)
341:Diocletian
209:Diocletian
149:Severus II
98:Diocletian
9577:Tetrarchy
9488:Ptolemaic
9296:Gallienus
9211:Gordian I
9174:Caracalla
9100:Vespasian
9094:Vitellius
8876:Ptolemaic
8718:Amyrtaeus
8700:Darius II
8645:Ahmose II
8625:Psamtik I
8564:uncertain
8552:Pharaohs
8488:Tanutamun
8323:Takelot I
8306:Osorkon I
8256:Masaharta
8206:Amenemope
8109:Setnakhte
8071:Merneptah
8013:Akhenaten
7930:uncertain
7812:Nebmaatre
7633:Sakir-Har
7586:Yaqub-Har
7498:Nebefawre
7248:Hotepibre
7114:Segerseni
7083:Intef III
7031:uncertain
7019:Pharaohs
6651:Neferefre
6477:Hudjefa I
6358:Semerkhet
6095:Hedju Hor
6057:uncertain
6045:Pharaohs
5939:Classical
5924:Empresses
5908:(286–296)
5902:(267–273)
5896:(260–274)
5639:Michael V
5565:Alexander
5378:Heraclius
5346:Heraclius
5298:Justin II
5208:Glycerius
5195:Anthemius
5065:Procopius
5003:Martinian
4982:Maxentius
4911:Florianus
4884:Saloninus
4879:Gallienus
4848:Hostilian
4824:Philip II
4794:Gordian I
4742:Caracalla
4677:Vespasian
4672:Vitellius
4575:Maxentius
4533:Maxentius
4511:Maxentius
4490:Maxentius
4231:Maxentius
4176:Galerius
3692:163051414
3670:: 29–46.
3620:Zosimus.
3223:Routledge
3094:Rees 2004
3015:, p. 293.
2922:Rees 2004
2596:162435434
2445:Eutropius
2178:Julian II
1972:Martinian
1904:Maxentius
1381:Herculius
1287:Tetrarchs
1183:mausoleum
1043:Maxentius
980:Carnuntum
953:Illyricum
938:Maxentius
901:Nicomedia
806:Tur Abdin
790:Zabdicene
749:Alexander
736:Euphrates
728:Ctesiphon
726:, taking
545:Tetrarchy
479:Gamzigrad
431:Ctesiphon
189:(310–311)
183:(308–311)
180:Alexander
175:(308–311)
169:(306–310)
163:(306–311)
161:Maxentius
157:(306–311)
151:(306–307)
145:(305–306)
125:Co-rulers
108:Successor
41:Gamzigrad
9522:Galerius
9448:21 to 23
9366:Galerius
9361:Maximian
9350:Numerian
9317:Aurelian
9269:Valerian
9232:Balbinus
9225:Pupienus
9179:Macrinus
9151:Pertinax
9145:Commodus
9110:Domitian
9073:Claudius
9068:Caligula
9063:Tiberius
9058:Augustus
8678:Darius I
8630:Necho II
8473:Shebitku
8445:Tefnakht
8038:Horemheb
7968:Ahmose I
7780:Pantjeny
7766:Senebkay
7746:Pepi III
7708:Bebiankh
7565:Shenshek
7523:Nebsenre
7355:Sihathor
7325:Khendjer
7288:Renseneb
7233:Nerikare
7078:Intef II
6955:Merykare
6860:Wadjkare
6804:Merenhor
6699:Userkare
6606:Menkaure
6600:Bikheris
6589:Djedefre
6555:Qahedjet
6439:Wadjenes
6425:Horus Sa
6418:Nubnefer
6405:Nynetjer
6369:Sneferka
6109:Ni-Neith
5995:Pharaohs
5934:Usurpers
5929:Augustae
5887:See also
5792:Nicholas
5614:Basil II
5411:Tiberius
5396:Leontius
5384:Tiberius
5361:Tiberius
5339:610–1453
5334:Eastern/
5288:Justin I
5241:Arcadius
5201:Olybrius
5183:Majorian
5124:Honorius
5103:Eugenius
5038:Vetranio
4988:Licinius
4961:Galerius
4956:Maximian
4941:Dominate
4931:Numerian
4901:Aurelian
4874:Valerian
4819:Philip I
4809:Balbinus
4804:Pupienus
4752:Macrinus
4727:Pertinax
4722:Commodus
4687:Domitian
4652:Claudius
4647:Caligula
4642:Tiberius
4637:Augustus
4571:Licinius
4503:Licinius
4465:Maximian
4444:Maximian
4430:Maximian
4364:Maximian
4338:Maximian
4280:Maximian
4256:Licinius
4240:Maximian
4236:Licinius
3726:(1982).
3702:(1981).
3549:Festus.
3451:and the
3445:Archived
3215:(2015).
3150:(2008).
3128:cite web
2686:(1927).
2557:(1994).
2482:(2018).
2433:Maximian
2431:Emperor
2271:See also
1987:Valens I
1602:Galerius
1376:Maximian
1368:Eutropia
1172:gangrene
1160:Eusebius
1132:Licinius
1041:(West),
1039:Maximian
1037:(West),
1031:Licinius
1029:(East),
1015:Maximian
1011:Augustus
996:Augustus
988:Augustus
984:Licinius
946:Maximian
913:Augustus
893:Augustus
847:Augustus
786:Corduene
782:Aghdznik
774:Ingilene
712:Adiabene
668:Augustus
634:Valerian
626:Ardashir
618:Shapur I
612:In 294,
567:Illyrian
537:Aurelian
515:cognomen
503:armentum
495:Carpians
483:Thracian
356:Religion
173:Licinius
167:Maximian
133:See list
116:Licinius
102:Maximian
84:Augustus
74:the East
37:porphyry
24:Galerius
9582:Valerii
9567:Galerii
9343:Carinus
9324:Tacitus
9282:Quietus
9125:Hadrian
8809:Khabash
8640:Wahibre
8620:Necho I
8614:Nekauba
8602:Ammeris
8545:Dynasty
8483:Taharqa
8478:Shabaka
8415:Rudamun
8394:Iuput I
8239:Herihor
8191:Smendes
8091:Twosret
8081:Seti II
7925:female)
7910:Dynasty
7806:Rahotep
7703:Semenre
7673:Djehuti
7655:Khamudi
7644:Yanassi
7627:Salitis
7579:Yakareb
7572:Khamure
7503:Sehebre
7425:Merkare
7073:Intef I
7012:Dynasty
6921:Imhotep
6881:Iytjenu
6867:Khuiqer
6779:Menkare
6730:Neferka
6714:Pepi II
6636:Userkaf
6530:Sanakht
6353:Anedjib
6333:Hor-Aha
6266:Iry-Hor
6260:Shendjw
6232:Pen-Abu
6116:Hat-Hor
6038:Dynasty
5944:Eastern
5844:Matthew
5738:Alexios
5586:Stephen
5548:Basil I
5433:Leo III
5308:Maurice
5251:Marcian
5234:395–610
5158:Joannes
5117:395–480
5071:Gratian
4944:284–610
4926:Carinus
4906:Tacitus
4782:235–285
4702:Hadrian
4455:305–308
4189:May 311
3588:. From
3534:. From
3507:. From
3419:Sources
3361:352–356
3118:20 July
2184:361–363
2182:Emperor
2171:337–350
2169:Emperor
2158:337–361
2156:Emperor
2145:337–340
2143:Emperor
1993:316–317
1963:308–324
1930:306–337
1910:306–312
1886:310–313
1671:306–307
1645:305–306
1608:305-311
1593:Unknown
1386:286–305
1338:286–305
1235:Honours
1191:Zaječar
1134:in the
1110:Serdica
927:Zaječar
873:Severus
830:Jupiter
794:Hakkâri
778:Sophene
732:Babylon
720:Nisibis
681:on the
583:Busiris
577:on the
510:
491:Romania
489:(today
467:Serdica
455:Serdica
251:Serdica
56:Zaječar
9483:Argead
9330:Probus
9250:Decius
9245:Philip
9120:Trajan
8848:Argead
8757:Muthis
8710:XXVIII
8690:Xerxes
8558:female
8536:Period
8245:Piankh
8216:Siamun
8086:Siptah
8061:Seti I
7901:Period
7853:Kamose
7787:Snaaib
7757:Abydos
7613:Semqen
7606:Sharek
7558:Sheneh
7538:'Apepi
7533:Bebnum
7488:Nehesy
7308:Sebkay
7228:Sonbef
7025:female
7003:Period
6814:Nikare
6704:Pepi I
6641:Sahure
6594:Khafre
6579:Snefru
6548:Sedjes
6520:Djoser
6446:Senedj
6324:Narmer
6283:Narmer
6165:Wazner
6130:Hsekiu
6102:Ny-Hor
6051:female
6029:Period
5706:&
5682:&
5589:&
5560:Leo VI
5536:Thekla
5492:&
5459:Leo IV
5381:&
5320:Phocas
5276:Marcus
5261:Leo II
5177:Avitus
5094:Victor
5059:Valens
5049:Jovian
5044:Julian
4916:Probus
4851:&
4831:Decius
4779:Crisis
4697:Trajan
4216:With:
4185:
4182:c. 258
4132:
4118:
4104:
4086:
4067:
4046:
4018:
4010:
3996:
3988:
3956:
3948:
3930:
3864:
3856:
3839:
3825:
3817:
3803:
3782:
3768:
3754:
3736:
3712:
3690:
3684:299163
3682:
3306:
3256:
3229:
3194:
3160:
2773:Rees,
2594:
2588:300873
2586:
2505:297/8.
2496:
2441:Caesar
2437:Caesar
2382:Ol.268
2256:
2215:Notes:
2197:caesar
1916:Fausta
1631:Helena
1595:sister
1344:Prisca
1333:Iovius
1225:Trajan
1195:Serbia
1055:Danube
1023:Franks
1007:Caesar
1000:Caesar
992:Caesar
909:Caesar
869:Caesar
858:Caesar
853:Caesar
826:Caesar
822:Aureus
802:Bitlis
788:, and
724:Tigris
691:Greece
679:Narseh
664:Caesar
651:Harran
630:Shapur
614:Narseh
587:Coptos
579:Danube
550:Caesar
541:Probus
521:Caesar
435:Danube
427:Narseh
348:Mother
337:Father
274:Spouse
262:Burial
202:Caesar
60:Serbia
9336:Carus
9115:Nerva
9105:Titus
9083:Galba
9050:XXXIV
9035:Roman
8814:Arses
8741:Hakor
8660:XXVII
8370:XXIII
7960:XVIII
7920:(male
7650:Apepi
7638:Khyan
7551:Wazad
7319:Wegaf
7253:Iufni
7107:Nubia
6915:Setut
6737:Nefer
6584:Khufu
6542:Khaba
6536:Nebka
6400:Nebra
6328:Menes
6287:Menes
6239:Stork
6202:Upper
6158:Neheb
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