680:
214:
137:
4012:
3958:
153:
1026:. Subsequently, religious institutions had to be reregistered leaving all institution ousted not fitting the state's religious beliefs. The 2010 law on language requires all documents to be made in Tajik. This creates difficulties for the many inhabitants of Gorno Badakhshan who do not speak Tajik to access state services. Facing this marginalization Pamiris express their distinctive identity against western Tajiks along secterian lines, even though there is considerable difference in ethnicity, religion and language amongst themselves.
1666:
497:(Tajik SSR). The Soviet Orientalists' obsession with categorization of peoples led to the fixation of among others the identity category of Pamiris, or 'Mountain Tajiks' in the Soviet ethnogenesis. During the Soviet Union years, a lot of resources had been allocated to Gorno Badakhshan as borderland of the Soviet Union, for instance through privileged access to higher education and the construction of infrastructure like the Pamir highway in 1935, which is still remembered nowadays as a time of modernity. Therefore,
197:
1394:
4138:
183:
4173:
1039:
4078:
4061:
4044:
3941:
586:. The violent clashes between Tajiikistani military and the GBAO population in 2012, 2014, 2018, 2021 and in 2022 are peaks in the steady militarization of the region. Spectators assess these actions by the government as strategy to gain full political control over the formerly autonomous Gorno-Badakhshan, as well as over the informal opium trade, culminating in the assassination of several influential local leaders. This violates the Tajik peace accord.
167:
665:
604:
874:
3999:
4028:
3991:
3930:
3974:
590:
protestors, but also journalists and human rights activists were detained in the subsequent cover-up. Additionally, the government seized properties and kidnapped even oppositional
Pamiris abroad. Some human rights activists describe the situation as 'ethnic cleansing'. Genocide watch is stressing the polarization and the persecution of Pamiris through the government.
558:
altogether, seeing
Badakhshan's territory in its entirety belonging to Tajikistan. Instead, the ceding of land belonging to Kuhistani Badakhshan in 2011 to China by some, especially in Gorno-Badakhshan was perceived as territorial loss and sparked anxieties about further encroachments of the Chinese state.
537:
delivered supplies to Gorno-Badakhshan from
Kyrgyzstan, which prevented the starvation of the population during the civil war. While the AKDN itself frames this engagement as temporary measure, many of the inhabitants demand a permanent presence of humanitarian aid. Many see it as continuation from
1440:
Even though connectivity is promoted in Gorno-Badakhshan, as the "Golden gate of
Tajikistan" local traders largely do not profit from the rise of trade. Instead logistic companies and elites from Dushanbe dominate the long-distance trade, as the Pamiris are increasingly excluded from central posts
557:
does not recognize this treaty and continues to claim the territory, as reflected in its official maps. Whereas the government of
Tajikistan celebrates the ceding of land as diplomatic victory, many Tajikistani scholars, opposition and parts of the population contest the existence of a 'dispute'
589:
In May 2022, Tajik government forces killed 40 civilians protesting against the torture and murdering of the youth representative
Gulbiddin Ziyobekov. The Tajik interior ministry stated that the protestors attempted to "destabilise the social and political situation" in the region. Many of the
1441:
and have to obtain visas from
Dushanbe to travel to China, which is very costly. In June 2022, after local protesters blocking the road were imprisoned, some even killed, a Chinese company started the modernization of a Pamir highway section at the cost of US$ 200 million.
1404:
During the 20th century, the Soviet modernity project to establish roads connections in the Pamir led to the communities becoming part of a transit district between Osh, Khorog and
Dushanbe. Nowadays, the routes Khorog–Osh and Khorog–Dushanbe are both segments of the
521:
during the Tajik Civil war, which demanded autonomy and democratic rule for the region. Regionalism was an important structuring factor in the Tajik Civil war, so that the
Ismaili identity became a key marker of mobilization. La'al-e Badakhsan joined the
1021:
The
Pamiris are increasingly being marginalilzed in linguistic and religious terms, as they deviate from the vision for nationhood of the Tajik state. In 2009 the year of I'mam Hanafi Islam was celebrated, but a majority of Pamiris are followers of
538:
the provisioning of goods during the Soviet times. This shared experience of Soviet and Ismaili development aid together with the neglect and crackdown by the Tajik state led to people perceiving themselves as Pamiri rather than Tajik.
545:(PRC), from the Chinese state perspective ending a 130-year-old border dispute and China's claims to over 28,000 km (11,000 sq mi) of Tajik territory. At other instances Chinese scholars claimed control over the entire
489:
The Tajikistani Badakhshan as distinctive polity with its contemporary Western borders and the Russian designation GBAO was created as autonomous republic in 1925. Later in 1929, this was changed to
530:, which constituted the later government and then excluded from the political sphere of independent Tajikistan. The Gorno-Badakhshan government later backed down from its calls for independence.
3131:
2846:
932:
Most people living in the Pamir are multilingual, as different languages are used in different situations. Gorno-Badakhshan is home to a number of distinct languages and dialects of the
1667:
672:
Darvoz District is the western "beak" of the province. West-central Gorno-Badakhshan is mostly a series of east–west mountain ranges separated by valleys of rivers that flow into the
413:
Borders and political authority in the Western Pamir had always been contested by imperial powers. Between the 17th and 19th century, several semi-self governing statelets, including
566:
A number of violent clashes and demonstrations have occurred in the region since the end of the civil war, with major incidences of civil unrest in 2012, 2014, 2018, 2021, and 2022.
4204:
517:
broke out in 1992, the local government in Gorno-Badakhshan declared independence from Tajikistan. Many politically active Pamiris later joined the democratic political movement
1942:
676:. The districts correspond to the river valleys. Murghob District occupies the eastern half of the province and is mostly a desolate plateau with high mountains on the west.
395:). The Russian abbreviation "GBAO" is also commonly used in English-language publications by national and international bodies such as the government of Tajikistan and the
3725:
505:. In scholarly discourse, this is regarded as a measure to safeguard loyalty to state socialism of the subjects at the strategically important Soviet 'frontier'.
3026:
3001:
1937:
679:
2976:
4197:
4413:
996:
are also widely spoken throughout Gorno-Badakhshan. Many Eastern-Iranian languages spoken in Gorno-Badakhshan are on the endangered list of the UNESCO.
4418:
4433:
4190:
4157:
4118:
3527:
1884:
3902:
3685:
3636:
3587:
3478:
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3246:
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2645:
2596:
2408:
2195:
2735:
481:. This imperial history still has relevance nowadays as it determined contemporary southeastern borders of the present-day autonomous region.
2000:
213:
2770:
4403:
1018:
in the 2000s. The government banned and persecuted this movement among others as part of their wider campaign against non-state Islam.
502:
3105:
3398:"Defining normative Islam: some remarks on contemporary Islamic thought in Tajikistan – Hoji Akbar Turajonzoda's Sharia and society"
4428:
3078:
2925:
4213:
1872:
Tajikistan shall consist of the Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region, regions, towns, districts, settlements, and villages.
1302:
The chairman of the Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region is the head of the regional government. They are appointed by the
490:
2790:"Introduction: Encounters After the Soviet Collapse: The Contemporary Chinese Presence in the Former Soviet Union Border Zone"
4266:
3922:
3661:
3612:
3563:
3511:
3454:
3274:
3222:
2670:
2621:
2572:
2384:
2349:
2314:
2171:
2144:
2101:
2020:
747:
574:, after Ayombekov was accused of murdering a Tajik general. On 18 May 2022, around 200 anti-government demonstrators, led by
541:
In 2011, Tajikistan ratified a 1999 treaty to cede 1,000 km (390 sq mi) of land in the Pamir Mountains to the
382:. "Gorno-Badakhshan" literally means "mountainous Badakhshan" and is derived from the Russian name of the autonomous region,
3866:
1916:
1818:
3341:"Islam, secularism and danger: a reconsideration of the link between religiosity, radicalism and rebellion in Central Asia"
4281:
4111:
3832:"The Impact of Land-Reform Legislation on Pasture Tenure in Gorno-Badakhshan: From Common Resource to Private Property?"
3052:
4382:
4364:
4162:
3895:
3875:
3772:
4137:
906:
The population living in Gorno-Badakhshan as of 2019 is estimated at 226,900. The largest city in Gorno-Badakhshan is
4234:
1458:
651:
625:
633:
4346:
4318:
3699:
2376:
The Origins of the Civil War in Tajikistan : Nationalism, Islamism and Violent Conflict in Post-Soviet Space
1901:... It goes through the highlands along the Pamir mountain range in the Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region.
494:
32:
4408:
4276:
4104:
629:
3766:
Hoeck, Tobias; Droux, Roman; Breu, Thomas; Hurni, Hans; Maselli, Daniel (2007). "Rural energy consumption and
3750:
4303:
4256:
3888:
2950:
2044:"Contested Views of Contested Territories : How Tajik Society Views the Tajik-Chinese Border Settlement"
1964:"Contested Views of Contested Territories : How Tajik Society Views the Tajik-Chinese Border Settlement"
1538:
1075:
921:
According to the State Statistical Committee of Tajikistan, most inhabitants of Gorno-Badakhshan identify as
567:
542:
346:
The official English name of the autonomous region is the Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region. The name
2896:
2459:
4298:
1586:
534:
425:, ruled over the territories that are today a part of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region in Tajikistan and
338:. It makes up nearly forty-five percent of the country's land area but only two percent of its population.
4423:
3801:
Robinson, Sarah; Guenther, Tanya (2007). "Rural Livelihoods in Three Mountainous Regions of Tajikistan".
527:
470:
3132:"'We want the truth': families of ethnic Pamiris killed in Tajikistan call for justice as tensions rise"
4291:
4286:
3876:
State agency on antiexclusive politics and support of business at Government of Republic of Tadjikistan
1823:
1050:
3165:
1457:, in coordination with Tajikistan, committed 37 million euros to finance the construction of an 11 MW
4251:
4239:
3340:
1461:
along the Shokhdara river. The project is intended to also supply energy to Badakhshan, Afghanistan.
886:
4328:
4308:
4271:
4261:
4244:
4229:
2747:
614:
224:
3397:
2257:
2210:
1867:
4323:
2742:
1742:
1513:
1303:
618:
575:
523:
449:
in 1896 denominated their shared border through the Pamir, which resulted in the creation of the
303:
4172:
4313:
3002:"Tajikistan: UN experts sound alarm about tensions in GBAO, urge protection of Pamiri minority"
1938:"Tajikistan: UN experts sound alarm about tensions in GBAO, urge protection of Pamiri minority"
1533:
1483:
715:
454:
2536:
4127:
2424:"Where Empires Meet : Orientalism and Marginality at the Former Russo-British Frontier*"
1713:
1558:
1523:
570:
erupted on 24 July 2012 between the Tajik military and militants loyal to the former warlord
514:
327:
76:
2012:
136:
3781:
2977:"Tajikistan: UN expert fears crackdown against Pamiri minority could spiral out of control"
1543:
158:
17:
2085:
Identity, History and Trans-Nationality in Central Asia: The Mountain Communities of Pamir
8:
4182:
4071:
4054:
4037:
3770:
in a post-Soviet setting – an example from the west Pamir mountains in Tajikistan".
1591:
1568:
1518:
1503:
1488:
949:
766:), nicknamed "the roof of the world" by locals. Three of the five 7,000 meter summits in
739:
426:
3785:
3818:
3679:
3630:
3581:
3472:
3425:
3378:
3292:
3240:
2827:
2708:
2688:
2639:
2590:
2512:"The Formation and Consolidation of Pamiri Ethnic Identity in Tajikistan. Dissertation"
2511:
2402:
2285:
2258:"Humans as territory: forced resettlement and the making of Soviet Tajikistan, 1920–38"
2238:
2189:
2107:
1573:
1563:
1508:
1493:
1422:
965:
771:
721:
438:
3880:
3793:
778:(formerly Lenin Peak, and still known by that name on its Kyrgyz flank; 7,134 m), and
152:
3848:
3831:
3822:
3667:
3657:
3618:
3608:
3569:
3559:
3507:
3460:
3450:
3429:
3417:
3382:
3370:
3280:
3270:
3228:
3218:
3139:
2847:"What is happening in Tajikistan? Background information on the situation in Khorugh"
2831:
2819:
2676:
2666:
2627:
2617:
2578:
2568:
2517:. School of Social Sciences of Middle East Technical University, Turkey (M.S. thesis)
2441:
2390:
2380:
2355:
2345:
2320:
2310:
2289:
2277:
2242:
2230:
2177:
2167:
2140:
2111:
2097:
2016:
1913:
1528:
1146:
1103:
969:
957:
953:
709:
550:
434:
418:
389:
3830:
Robinson, Sarah; Whitton, Mark; Biber-Klemm, Susette; Muzofirshoev, Nodaleb (2010).
3493:
2126:
2083:
3843:
3810:
3789:
3767:
3499:
3409:
3360:
3352:
3321:
2809:
2801:
2431:
2269:
2222:
2132:
2089:
2055:
2008:
1975:
1897:
The Republic of Tajikistan in the east borders with the People's Republic of China.
1757:
1728:
1690:
1612:
1498:
1426:
989:
985:
941:
937:
936:
group. The Pamiri language speakers represented in Gorno-Badakshan are speakers of
727:
533:
After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the Ismaili development organization
351:
115:
3356:
2805:
882:
734:
Gorno-Badakhshan covers the entire eastern part of Tajikistan and borders China's
441:
held political authority over the region until the Western Pamir was colonized by
3870:
3863:
3413:
2870:
2484:
2273:
2226:
1920:
1553:
1548:
1430:
1011:
981:
933:
759:
751:
703:
691:
571:
546:
518:
501:
used to have facilitated upwards mobility and access to political offices in the
450:
422:
414:
367:
335:
188:
2789:
4356:
4152:
3983:
3751:Опубликован календарь матчей турнира по хоккею с мячом Азиады-2011 (in Russian)
3528:"The State Language Day marked in Tajikistan today | Tajikistan News ASIA-Plus"
1793:
1704:
1450:
1393:
993:
973:
961:
945:
755:
746:
to the north. Within Tajikistan, Gorno-Badakhshan's western border is with the
478:
446:
442:
396:
359:
196:
98:
3814:
3671:
3622:
3573:
3464:
3313:
3284:
3232:
3190:
2680:
2631:
2582:
2181:
4397:
3653:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
3604:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
3555:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
3492:
Kemper, Michael; Motika, Raoul; Reichmuth, Stefan, eds. (11 September 2009).
3446:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
3421:
3374:
3266:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
3214:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
3143:
2823:
2662:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
2613:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
2564:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
2445:
2394:
2359:
2324:
2281:
2234:
2163:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
1828:
1406:
1361:
1023:
1010:
is widespread. Still, there are also Sunnis Muslims in Gorno-Badakhshan. The
980:
valley, became extinct in the 19th century. There is a sizable population of
926:
922:
697:
466:
47:
34:
4338:
4221:
4147:
3651:
3602:
3553:
3444:
3264:
3212:
2660:
2611:
2562:
2161:
767:
673:
474:
182:
3503:
2423:
2374:
2339:
2304:
2136:
2093:
4083:
4066:
4049:
2537:"Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast (GBAO) :: Regions of Tajikistan"
2211:"Friendship under lock and key: the Soviet Central Asian border, 1918–34"
763:
430:
4096:
3311:
2059:
1979:
1038:
3946:
3934:
3365:
2814:
2341:
Isma'ili modern : globalization and identity in a Muslim community
1414:
1410:
1397:
1003:
977:
779:
775:
743:
664:
408:
331:
229:
3829:
2043:
1963:
1074:
The First Secretary of the Gorno–Badakhshan Regional Committee of the
881:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
166:
4374:
3325:
458:
2436:
603:
4005:
3951:
3106:"Tajikistan: "ethnic cleansing" and repression in the Tajik Pamirs"
1868:"Constitution (Basic Law) of the Republic of Tajikistan, Article 7"
1418:
1007:
774:(formerly Communism Peak, and, before that, Stalin Peak; 7,495 m),
735:
465:
equally worked for expending their influence in the Pamir. So, the
293:
172:
2306:
Post-Cosmopolitan Cities : Explorations of Urban Coexistence
1729:[ʋɪlɔˈjatʰɪmʊχˈtʰɔɾɪkʰɵhɪsˈtʰɔnɪbɐdɐχˈʃɔn(ˌʋeˌmeˌkʰeˈbe)]
1454:
1000:
915:
526:
in 1997. Because of that, they were subsequently targeted by the
498:
462:
3726:"EU Commits 20 Million Euros for HPP Construction in Tajikistan"
925:. The remainder of the population perceive themselves as either
1758:[ˈgornəbədɐxˈʂanskəjəɐftɐˈnomnəjəˈobɫəsʲtʲ(ˌgɛˌbɛˌaˈo)]
1434:
907:
583:
579:
554:
239:
142:
3495:
Islamic Education in the Soviet Union and Its Successor States
2926:"The assassination that shook the Pamir Mountains to the core"
2309:. Vera Skvirskaja. New York, NY: Berghahn Books. p. 222.
2082:
Dagiev, Dagikhudo; Faucher, Carole, eds. (28 September 2018).
1078:
was the highest position in the region during the Soviet era.
4017:
3963:
3079:"Tajikistan: Autonomous Region Protesters Denied Fair Trials"
2788:
Hofman, Irna; Visser, Oane; Kalinovsky, Artemy (3 May 2020).
2125:
Kemper, Michael; Conermann, Stephan, eds. (1 February 2011).
1852:
Population of the Republic of Tajikistan as of 1 January 2008
1653:
1644:
1470:
1015:
3700:"Tajikistan: China attaches strings to $ 204m highway grant"
1621:
377:
371:
3312:
Schmitz, Andrea; Stiftung Wissenschaft Und Politik (2019).
1887:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan
1635:
1627:
4212:
1650:
1147:
1104:
1618:
2054:, Slavic-Eurasian Research Center, Hokkaido University,
1974:, Slavic-Eurasian Research Center, Hokkaido University,
3910:
3339:
Montgomery, David W.; Heathershaw, John (2 July 2016).
1014:, a fundamentalist Sunni missionary movement conducted
2897:"What Are the Causes of Protests in Gorno-Badakhshan?"
2787:
3491:
3338:
2871:"Tajikistan clashes: 'Many dead' in Gorno-Badakhshan"
2509:
1747:
1656:
1647:
1624:
457:, but also the ruling elites of Badakhshan, Bukhara,
383:
3053:"Tajikistan: Free Autonomous Region Rights Defender"
2920:
2918:
1819:"Definition of 'Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region'"
1794:"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab"
1641:
1632:
3765:
1718:
1638:
1615:
918:is the second largest, with about 4,000 residents.
668:
Map of Gorno-Badakhshan and surrounding territories
1957:
1955:
1953:
758:. The highest elevations in the region are in the
2915:
2460:"Political background situation Gorno-Badakhshan"
2344:. Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press. p. 25.
4395:
3864:Map of the Gorno-Badakhshan region of Tajikistan
3800:
4158:Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction
2124:
1950:
1413:in 2004 by China in order to connect Khorog to
3730:Delegation of the European Union to Tajikistan
1854:, State Statistical Committee, Dushanbe, 2008
1749:Gorno-Badahšanskaja avtonomnaja oblastj (GBAO)
750:(DRP) and the tip of its southwestern finger (
4198:
4112:
3896:
2844:
2771:"Taiwan's Status Is a Geopolitical Absurdity"
2081:
2005:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History
1735:
999:The majority religion in Gorno-Badakhshan is
804:
445:, completed in 1896. Although Russia and the
121:
3649:
3600:
3551:
3442:
3262:
3210:
3027:"Nine killed in clash in eastern Tajikistan"
2658:
2609:
2560:
2421:
2255:
2159:
1786:
1737:Горно-Бадахшанская автономная область (ГБАО)
1720:Viloyati Muxtori Ko‘histoni Badaxshon (VMKB)
1081:
561:
433:. In the late 19th century, the emirates of
3314:"Tajikistan on the road to totalitarianism"
1674:
1409:. A third road was constructed through the
632:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
104:
4414:States and territories established in 1925
4205:
4191:
4119:
4105:
3903:
3889:
3684:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3635:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3586:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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3297:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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2041:
1998:
1961:
1847:
1845:
593:
4126:
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3395:
3364:
2813:
2435:
2372:
2337:
1709:Вилояти Мухтори Кӯҳистони Бадахшон (ВМКБ)
1417:. Gorno-Badakhshan is separated from the
652:Learn how and when to remove this message
3103:
2422:Mostowlansky, Till (15 September 2014).
2302:
1392:
782:(formerly Korzhenevskoi Peak, 7,105 m).
678:
663:
385:Gorno-Badakhshanskaya avtonomnaya oblast
324:Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region
85:Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region
4419:1925 establishments in the Soviet Union
2838:
2128:The Heritage of Soviet Oriental Studies
1842:
1297:
687:The districts of Gorno-Badakhshan are:
453:, other regional powers like China and
267:64,200 km (24,800 sq mi)
62:Autonomous region in Khorog, Tajikistan
14:
4434:Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union
4396:
4214:Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union
3258:
3256:
3163:
2951:"Peace agreement broken in Tajikistan"
2768:
2529:
2503:
2077:
2075:
1772:Acting chairman until 12 February 2007
1476:
1429:by the narrow, but nearly impassable,
4186:
4100:
3923:Districts of Republican Subordination
3884:
3607:. Pittsburgh, PA. pp. prologue.
3498:(0 ed.). Routledge. p. 99.
3206:
3204:
3129:
2727:
2013:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.46
1756:
1727:
1469:Khorog is the highest location where
748:Districts of Republican Subordination
508:
123:Горно-Бадахшанская автономная область
3918:
2567:. Pittsburgh, PA. pp. 109–110.
2208:
2131:(0 ed.). Routledge. p. 4.
2088:(1 ed.). Routledge. p. 1.
2001:"Historical Geography of the Pamirs"
1433:. Another road leads from Khorog to
1033:
910:, with a population of 30,300 (2019
867:
630:adding citations to reliable sources
597:
3911:Places adjacent to Gorno-Badakhshan
3253:
2072:
1999:Kreutzmann, Hermann (24 May 2017),
1309:
24:
4404:Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region
4163:Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region
3995:Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region
3773:Energy for Sustainable Development
3759:
3201:
3130:Tondo, Lorenzo (4 February 2022).
2166:. Pittsburgh, PA. pp. 37–39.
1459:run-of-the-river hydro power plant
799:
582:which led to the regional capital
106:Вилояти Мухтори Кӯҳистони Бадахшон
25:
4445:
3857:
3836:Mountain Research and Development
1885:"Tajikistan–China state boundary"
736:Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
549:. However, the government of the
4171:
4136:
4076:
4059:
4042:
4026:
4010:
3997:
3989:
3972:
3956:
3939:
3928:
3849:10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-09-00011.1
2709:"Tajikistan cedes land to China"
1611:
1037:
872:
602:
212:
195:
181:
165:
151:
135:
4429:Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
3744:
3718:
3692:
3656:. Pittsburgh, PA. p. 152.
3643:
3594:
3558:. Pittsburgh, PA. p. 107.
3545:
3520:
3485:
3436:
3389:
3332:
3305:
3269:. Pittsburgh, PA. p. 134.
3183:
3164:Baxley, Mia (31 October 2022).
3157:
3123:
3097:
3071:
3045:
3019:
2994:
2969:
2943:
2889:
2863:
2781:
2762:
2733:
2701:
2665:. Pittsburgh, PA. p. 109.
2652:
2603:
2554:
2477:
2452:
2415:
2366:
2331:
2296:
2249:
2202:
2153:
2118:
2035:
1992:
1766:
785:
742:to the south, and Kyrgyzstan's
495:Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
484:
27:Autonomous region of Tajikistan
3449:. Pittsburgh, PA. p. 80.
2616:. Pittsburgh, PA. p. 78.
2510:Suhrobsho Davlatshoev (2006).
2256:Kassymbekova, Botakoz (2011).
1930:
1906:
1877:
1860:
1811:
1695:
1604:
1437:and across the Afghan border.
469:has been demarked de facto as
218:Gorno-Badakhshan in Tajikistan
13:
1:
4027:
3973:
3794:10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60563-3
3396:Epkenhans, Tim (March 2011).
3357:10.1080/09637494.2016.1220177
3217:. Pittsburgh, PA. p. 8.
3104:Novastan (27 November 2022).
2806:10.1080/10758216.2020.1746912
2769:Horton, Chris (8 July 2019).
1779:
1539:Muhammadboqir Muhammadboqirov
1076:Communist Party of Tajikistan
1069:
1029:
3998:
3990:
3414:10.1080/02634937.2011.554056
2746:(in Chinese). Archived from
2274:10.1080/02634937.2011.607916
2227:10.1080/02634937.2011.607966
1587:Extreme points of Tajikistan
1388:
770:are located here, including
378:
372:
7:
3650:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
3601:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
3552:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
3443:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
3345:Religion, State and Society
3263:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
3211:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
3166:"Tajikistan Country Report"
2659:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
2610:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
2561:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
2303:Humphrey, Caroline (2012).
2160:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
2007:, Oxford University Press,
1748:
1719:
1580:
929:or of other nationalities.
738:to the east, Afghanistan's
388:(literally Gorno-Badakshan
384:
10:
4450:
2794:Problems of Post-Communism
2042:Bitabarova, Assel (2015),
1962:Bitabarova, Assel (2015),
1824:Collins English Dictionary
1252:Khushkadam Davlyatkadamov
543:People's Republic of China
406:
402:
91:Name transcription(s)
4373:
4355:
4337:
4220:
4169:
4143:
4134:
3916:
3869:27 September 2007 at the
3815:10.1080/14631370701312352
2338:Steinberg, Jonah (2011).
1736:
1708:
1464:
1444:
1082:List of first secretaries
976:, formerly spoken in the
899:
865:
817:—
562:21st century civil unrest
363:
355:
302:
292:
284:
276:
271:
263:
258:
250:
245:
235:
223:
211:
129:
122:
112:
105:
95:
90:
83:
74:
67:
3803:Post-Communist Economies
2736:
1597:
3191:"Tajikistan: Provinces"
2743:Hebei Normal University
2379:. Lanham. pp. xi.
2373:Epkenhans, Tim (2016).
1514:Manuchehr Kholiqnazarov
1304:president of Tajikistan
1219:Nadzhmiddin Abdullayev
594:Districts and geography
576:Mamadboqir Mamadboqirov
524:United Tajik Opposition
341:
288:3.5/km (9.2/sq mi)
2845:Roof-top Info (2022).
2209:Shaw, Charles (2011).
1914:BADAḴŠĀN iii. The name
1684:mountainous Badakhshan
1534:Muboraksho Mirzoshoyev
1484:Qimmatgul Aliberdiyeva
1401:
1328:Alimamad Niyozmamadov
1121:Konstantin Moiseyenko
900:Source: Citypopulation
684:
669:
499:people from the Pamirs
366:) is derived from the
4409:Regions of Tajikistan
4128:Regions of Tajikistan
3504:10.4324/9780203027929
3195:www.citypopulation.de
2489:Minority Rights Group
2137:10.4324/9780203832752
2094:10.4324/9781351124263
2048:Eurasia Border Review
1968:Eurasia Border Review
1798:hdi.globaldatalab.org
1559:Sabzajon Shoismoilova
1524:Ulfatmo Mamadambarova
1396:
1285:Soibnazar Beknazarov
1241:Moyensho Nazarshoyev
1006:and adherence to the
791:Historical population
682:
667:
515:Tajikistani Civil War
251: • Chairman
3402:Central Asian Survey
2262:Central Asian Survey
2215:Central Asian Survey
1925:Encyclopædia Iranica
1544:Qozidavlat Qoimdodov
1374:Alisher Khudoyberdi
1350:Shodikhon Jamshedov
1208:Rakhimbobo Tursunov
1186:Kurbonsho Gadoliyev
730:(eastern two-thirds)
724:(west, southernmost)
694:(westernmost, north)
626:improve this section
578:, blocked a road in
473:in 1894 between the
285: • Density
4267:Kabardino-Balkarian
4072:Badakhshan Province
4055:Badakhshan Province
4038:Badakhshan Province
3786:2007ESusD..11...48H
2060:10.14943/ebr.6.1.63
1980:10.14943/ebr.6.1.63
1927:, 15 December 1988.
1592:Tajik National Park
1569:Khudoyor Yusufbekov
1519:Davlat Khudonazarov
1504:Nazarsho Dodkhudoev
1489:Tolibbek Ayyombekov
1477:Notable individuals
1132:Abdul Zennatshayev
792:
740:Badakhshan Province
716:Roshtqal'a District
427:Badakhshan Province
326:, is an autonomous
254:Alisher Khudoyberdi
44: /
4424:Autonomous regions
3083:Human Rights Watch
3057:Human Rights Watch
2903:. 18 February 2022
1919:2016-03-04 at the
1574:Gurminj Zavkibekov
1564:Shirinsho Shotemur
1509:Akbarsho Iskandrov
1494:Savsan Bandishoeva
1423:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1402:
1298:Since independence
1263:Aloviddin Babayev
1049:. You can help by
1024:Ismaili Shia Islam
790:
772:Ismoil Somoni Peak
722:Ishkoshim District
685:
670:
519:La’al-e Badakhshan
509:Since Independence
277: • Total
264: • Total
4391:
4390:
4282:Karachay-Cherkess
4180:
4179:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4088:
3732:. 6 December 2019
3663:978-0-8229-8240-1
3614:978-0-8229-8240-1
3565:978-0-8229-8240-1
3513:978-1-134-20731-2
3456:978-0-8229-8240-1
3276:978-0-8229-8240-1
3224:978-0-8229-8240-1
2715:. 13 January 2011
2672:978-0-8229-8240-1
2623:978-0-8229-8240-1
2574:978-0-8229-8240-1
2428:Études de lettres
2386:978-1-4985-3279-2
2351:978-0-8078-9945-8
2316:978-0-85745-511-6
2173:978-0-8229-8240-1
2146:978-1-136-83854-5
2103:978-1-351-12426-3
2022:978-0-19-027772-7
1746:
1717:
1529:Mirsaid Mirshakar
1473:has been played.
1386:
1385:
1353:19 November 2013
1345:19 November 2013
1342:25 November 2006
1334:25 November 2006
1295:
1294:
1274:Mukhitdin Zairov
1197:Ismail Burkhanov
1175:Nikolay Rogatkin
1164:Andrey Kuznetsov
1067:
1066:
904:
903:
894:
893:
710:Shughnon District
662:
661:
654:
551:Republic of China
491:autonomous oblast
322:, officially the
317:
316:
77:Autonomous region
48:38.000°N 73.000°E
16:(Redirected from
4441:
4383:Gorno-Badakhshan
4365:Nagorno-Karabakh
4207:
4200:
4193:
4184:
4183:
4175:
4140:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4098:
4097:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4030:
4029:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4001:
4000:
3993:
3992:
3976:
3975:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3919:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3882:
3881:
3853:
3851:
3826:
3797:
3768:land degradation
3753:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3683:
3675:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3634:
3626:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3585:
3577:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3476:
3468:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3368:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3326:10.18449/2019C10
3309:
3303:
3302:
3296:
3288:
3260:
3251:
3250:
3244:
3236:
3208:
3199:
3198:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3110:Novastan English
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3085:. 23 August 2022
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2957:. 22 August 2012
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2922:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2851:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2817:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2750:on 6 August 2007
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2692:
2684:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2643:
2635:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2594:
2586:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2516:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2439:
2430:(2–3): 179–196.
2419:
2413:
2412:
2406:
2398:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2185:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2079:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2029:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1959:
1948:
1947:
1946:. 20 April 2022.
1934:
1928:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1849:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1790:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1699:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1608:
1499:Nobovar Chanorov
1427:Gilgit Baltistan
1377:5 November 2021
1369:5 November 2021
1314:
1313:
1310:List of chairmen
1153:
1149:
1110:
1106:
1086:
1085:
1062:
1059:
1041:
1034:
1012:Tablighi Jama’at
986:Murghab district
913:
876:
875:
868:
806:
801:
793:
789:
728:Murghob District
683:Takhtaqorum Pass
657:
650:
646:
643:
637:
606:
598:
387:
381:
375:
365:
357:
320:Gorno-Badakhshan
313:
216:
202:Kurteskei Valley
199:
185:
169:
155:
139:
125:
124:
118:
108:
107:
101:
86:
69:Gorno-Badakhshan
65:
64:
59:
58:
56:
55:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
40:
37:
21:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4369:
4351:
4333:
4235:Checheno-Ingush
4216:
4211:
4181:
4176:
4167:
4141:
4130:
4125:
4095:
4090:
4077:
4075:
4060:
4058:
4043:
4041:
4011:
4009:
4002:
3957:
3955:
3940:
3938:
3929:
3927:
3912:
3909:
3871:Wayback Machine
3860:
3762:
3760:Further reading
3757:
3756:
3749:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3709:
3707:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3677:
3676:
3664:
3648:
3644:
3628:
3627:
3615:
3599:
3595:
3579:
3578:
3566:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3532:asiaplustj.info
3526:
3525:
3521:
3514:
3490:
3486:
3470:
3469:
3457:
3441:
3437:
3394:
3390:
3351:(3): 192, 204.
3337:
3333:
3310:
3306:
3290:
3289:
3277:
3261:
3254:
3238:
3237:
3225:
3209:
3202:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3172:
3162:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3112:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3086:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3034:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3010:
3008:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2924:
2923:
2916:
2906:
2904:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2878:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2843:
2839:
2786:
2782:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2738:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2716:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2686:
2685:
2673:
2657:
2653:
2637:
2636:
2624:
2608:
2604:
2588:
2587:
2575:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2466:
2464:archive.hrw.org
2458:
2457:
2453:
2437:10.4000/edl.701
2420:
2416:
2400:
2399:
2387:
2371:
2367:
2352:
2336:
2332:
2317:
2301:
2297:
2254:
2250:
2207:
2203:
2187:
2186:
2174:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2123:
2119:
2104:
2080:
2073:
2064:
2062:
2040:
2036:
2027:
2025:
2023:
1997:
1993:
1984:
1982:
1960:
1951:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1921:Wayback Machine
1911:
1907:
1898:
1890:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1850:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1753:
1724:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1665:
1664:
1631:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1583:
1578:
1554:Shodi Shabdolov
1549:Nuqra Rahmatova
1479:
1467:
1447:
1431:Wakhan Corridor
1421:territories of
1400:depot in Khorog
1391:
1312:
1300:
1143:
1100:
1084:
1072:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1047:needs expansion
1032:
982:Kyrgyz speakers
934:Pamir languages
911:
895:
890:
877:
873:
788:
760:Pamir Mountains
752:Darvoz District
704:Rushon District
692:Darvoz District
658:
647:
641:
638:
623:
607:
596:
572:Tolib Ayombekov
564:
553:(ROC) based in
547:Pamir Mountains
511:
487:
451:Wakhan corridor
419:Shughnun-Rushan
411:
405:
344:
336:Pamir Mountains
311:
310:
219:
207:
206:
205:
204:
203:
200:
192:
191:
189:Pamir Mountains
186:
177:
176:
175:
170:
162:
161:
156:
147:
146:
145:
140:
114:
97:
84:
79:
70:
63:
52:
50:
46:
43:
38:
35:
33:
31:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4447:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4361:
4359:
4357:Azerbaijan SSR
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4347:South Ossetian
4343:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4319:North Ossetian
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4248:
4247:
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4153:Khatlon Region
4150:
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4116:
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3858:External links
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3809:(3): 359–378.
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3706:. 18 June 2021
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2877:. 24 July 2012
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1331:December 1994
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797:
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732:
731:
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713:
712:(west, center)
707:
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610:
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3170:genocidewatch
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3084:
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3033:. 18 May 2022
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1829:HarperCollins
1826:
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1734:Russian:
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1452:
1449:In 2019, the
1442:
1438:
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1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1407:Pamir Highway
1399:
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1362:Yodgor Fayzov
1360:
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1048:
1045:This section
1043:
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1025:
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1005:
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887:MediaWiki.org
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821:
820:
816:
813:
810:
809:
803:
798:
795:
794:
783:
781:
777:
776:Ibn Sina Peak
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
729:
726:
723:
720:
718:(west, south)
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
700:(west, north)
699:
698:Vanj District
696:
693:
690:
689:
688:
681:
677:
675:
666:
656:
653:
645:
635:
631:
627:
621:
620:
616:
611:This section
609:
605:
600:
599:
591:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
559:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
536:
531:
529:
528:popular front
525:
520:
516:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
467:Sarykol range
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
410:
400:
398:
394:
393:
386:
380:
374:
369:
361:
353:
349:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
308:
305:
301:
297:
295:
294:ISO 3166 code
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
266:
262:
257:
253:
249:
244:
241:
238:
234:
231:
228:
226:
222:
215:
210:
198:
190:
184:
174:
173:Bulunkul Lake
168:
160:
154:
144:
138:
128:
120:
117:
113: •
111:
103:
100:
96: •
94:
89:
82:
78:
73:
66:
60:
57:
19:
4339:Georgian SSR
4277:Kara-Kirghiz
4222:Russian SFSR
4148:Sughd Region
3994:
3839:
3835:
3806:
3802:
3780:(1): 48–57.
3777:
3771:
3746:
3734:. Retrieved
3729:
3720:
3708:. Retrieved
3703:
3694:
3652:
3645:
3603:
3596:
3554:
3547:
3535:. Retrieved
3531:
3522:
3494:
3487:
3445:
3438:
3408:(1): 81–96.
3405:
3401:
3391:
3348:
3344:
3334:
3317:
3307:
3265:
3213:
3194:
3185:
3173:. Retrieved
3169:
3159:
3147:. Retrieved
3136:The Guardian
3135:
3125:
3113:. Retrieved
3109:
3099:
3087:. Retrieved
3082:
3073:
3061:. Retrieved
3056:
3047:
3035:. Retrieved
3030:
3021:
3009:. Retrieved
3005:
2996:
2984:. Retrieved
2980:
2971:
2959:. Retrieved
2954:
2945:
2933:. Retrieved
2929:
2905:. Retrieved
2900:
2891:
2879:. Retrieved
2874:
2865:
2853:. Retrieved
2840:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2775:The Atlantic
2774:
2764:
2752:. Retrieved
2748:the original
2741:
2729:
2717:. Retrieved
2712:
2703:
2661:
2654:
2612:
2605:
2563:
2556:
2544:. Retrieved
2540:
2531:
2519:. Retrieved
2505:
2493:. Retrieved
2488:
2479:
2467:. Retrieved
2463:
2454:
2427:
2417:
2375:
2368:
2340:
2333:
2305:
2298:
2268:(3–4): 362.
2265:
2261:
2251:
2221:(3–4): 332.
2218:
2214:
2204:
2162:
2155:
2127:
2120:
2084:
2063:, retrieved
2051:
2047:
2037:
2026:, retrieved
2004:
1994:
1983:, retrieved
1971:
1967:
1941:
1932:
1924:
1912:W. Eilers, "
1908:
1896:
1891:20 September
1889:. Retrieved
1879:
1871:
1862:
1856:(in Russian)
1851:
1834:20 September
1832:. Retrieved
1822:
1813:
1803:13 September
1801:. Retrieved
1797:
1788:
1768:
1697:
1606:
1468:
1448:
1439:
1403:
1380:
1339:Kadyr Kasim
1301:
1291:August 1991
1148:data missing
1145:
1105:data missing
1102:
1073:
1055:
1051:adding to it
1046:
1020:
998:
931:
920:
905:
786:Demographics
768:Central Asia
733:
686:
671:
648:
642:October 2023
639:
624:Please help
612:
588:
565:
540:
532:
512:
488:
485:Soviet Union
412:
391:
347:
345:
323:
319:
318:
159:Karakul Lake
29:
4304:Komi-Zyryan
4299:Kara-Kalpak
4257:Gorno-Altai
4084:Afghanistan
4067:Afghanistan
4050:Afghanistan
3842:(1): 4–13.
3366:10871/23527
3318:SWP Comment
2815:1765/128756
1320:Term start
1255:April 1970
1247:April 1970
1092:Term start
883:Phabricator
764:Mount Imeon
475:Qing empire
455:Afghanistan
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