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in the time before Islam in detail. According to
Hawting, Islam did not develop within a world of polytheism as is reported by the traditional Islamic traditions which were written 150 to 200 years after Muhammad. Instead, Islam came into being on the basis of a conflict among various types of
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Another theme of
Hawting's research is the period of the Umayyad dynasty which was of great importance for the formation of Islam as a religion. Also Hawting's works are related with
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In the line of John
Wansbrough, Hawting concentrated on the question for the religious milieu in which Islam came into being. He analysed available sources about the religions on the
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Hawting, G.R. (1978). "The significance of the slogan Lā Ḥukma illā li'llāh and the references to the Ḥudūd in the
Traditions about the Fitna and the murder of ʿUthmān".
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Hawting, G.R. (2000). Mojaddedi, J.A.; Samely, A. (eds.). "Studies in
Islamic and Middle Eastern texts and traditions in memory of Norman Calder (d. 1998)".
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monotheists which considered each other to fail in living a perfect monotheism, and considering each other to practice idolatry.
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Studies in
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This biographical article about a person notable in connection with
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The First
Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661-750
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Hawting, G.R., J.A. Mojaddedi, A. Samely: (eds.) (2000)
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Review of: The first dynasty of Islam, by G. R. Hawting
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Bulletin of the School of
Oriental and African Studies
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Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
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Hawting, G.R.: (1978) The significance of the slogan
46:for the History of the Near and Middle East at the
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