666:
466:
443:
49:
40:
686:
Nitrofurazone was previously available as a prescription in the U.S., and was indicated as a topical solution, topical cream, or topical ointment for the treatment of bacterial skin infections, wounds, burns, and ulcers. It was also used as a prophylactic measure to prevent infection that could
848:) in rats and ovarian tumors in mice. In addition, animal studies demonstrated an increased incidence in convulsive seizures, ovarian atrophy, testicular degeneration, and degeneration of articular cartilage. Proper personal protective equipment should be utilized when handling nitrofurazone.
1238:
Residues of Some
Veterinary Drugs in Animals and Foods: Monographs Prepared by the Fortieth Meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Geneva, 9-18 June 1992
657:
during animal studies, and has been discontinued for human use in the USA. The substance is pale yellow and crystalline. It was once widely used as an antibiotic for livestock.
746:
The metabolism of topically applied nitrofurazone is thought to be by 5-nitro reduction and cleavage of the -CH=N- linkage to generate a reactive species which can
1419:
66:
Aldomycin, Amifur, Chemfuran, Coxistat, Furacin, Furan-2, Furacinetten, Furaplast, Furazol W, Furesol
Furracoccid, Mammex, Nefco, Nifuzon, Nitrofural, Vabrocid
89:
711:
are also still commercially available. The use of nitrofurazone, or related compounds, in animals raised for human consumption has been strictly banned.
665:
593:
535:
719:
The mechanism of action is not fully understood, but nitrofurazone's antimicrobial properties are suspected to be due to the interference of
71:
645:. Its use in medicine has become less frequent, as safer and more effective products have become available. Nitrofurazone is listed under
1496:
817:
549:
1412:
1377:
820:(G-6-PD deficiency), ingestion of fish, poultry, or other foodstuff that has been treated with nitrofurans, will likely suffer from
1405:
1397:
2140:
2084:
836:
Nitrofurazone is suspected to be a human carcinogen and is included in
California's list of toxic chemicals as defined by
600:
1727:
1246:
1191:
614:
569:
2101:
646:
703:
of superficial bacterial infections, burns, and cutaneous ulcers. Preparations for treating infections, such as
691:
rejection. Nitrofurazone is still very popular as a topical solution for the treatment of tonsillitis in Russia.
234:
189:
1956:
837:
2357:
1520:
461:
342:
1046:"NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Nitrofurazone in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies)"
801:, which is readily absorbed through the skin. Rapid absorption of the medication induces increased serum
1207:
Center for Food Safety and
Applied Nutrition, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (April 2011).
422:
1208:
927:
411:
2133:
1800:
810:
17:
1306:
1268:
438:
2367:
2176:
2089:
1951:
1928:
1695:
952:
791:
61:
2284:
1939:
1815:
1771:
1487:
1427:
787:
740:
728:
638:
634:
1236:
391:
1945:
1293:
1285:
1181:
736:
331:
813:, in that increased serum calcium levels occur concurrently with decreased ionized calcium.
2362:
2352:
2347:
2181:
2126:
2118:
1865:
1333:
1128:
732:
699:
Nitrofurazone is indicated for topical use in dogs, cats, and horses, for the treatment or
351:
213:
172:
162:
8:
2185:
2066:
1432:
1045:
798:
257:
1337:
1104:
1068:"Nitrofuran antibiotics: a review on the application, prohibition and residual analysis"
909:
465:
442:
266:
2038:
1845:
1627:
1530:
1354:
1321:
1256:
750:
to cellular macromolecules, none of the end products are thought to be antimicrobial.
2221:
1576:
1512:
1359:
1242:
1187:
291:
1634:
1613:
1349:
1341:
1079:
670:
478:
205:
152:
142:
132:
122:
112:
102:
2196:
2002:
1322:"Activation of nitrofurazone by azoreductases: multiple activities in one enzyme"
708:
642:
81:
2289:
2266:
2095:
1754:
1605:
1436:
1012:
845:
825:
1594:
31:
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2279:
2274:
2206:
2201:
2070:
1735:
1538:
1428:
747:
720:
688:
622:
577:
InChI=1S/C6H6N4O4/c7-6(11)9-8-3-4-1-2-5(14-4)10(12)13/h1-3H,(H3,7,9,11)/b8-3+
454:
1206:
816:
Nitrofurans have been found in honey, meat and seafood. In people who have
2294:
2256:
2154:
2056:
2042:
1891:
1871:
1704:
1690:
1567:
1543:
1501:
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167:
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117:
107:
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723:
in the microorganism by inhibiting certain enzymes that are involved with
48:
2246:
2171:
2010:
1920:
1896:
1881:
1876:
1830:
1779:
1740:
1648:
1622:
1617:
1548:
1471:
1460:
1084:
1067:
677:, nitrofural), 1 : 5000 (0.2 mg/mL or 0.02%), ready for topical use.
1055:. 337. NIH Publication No. 88-2593. National Institute of Health: 1–186.
984:
878:
311:
2308:
2226:
2216:
2211:
2191:
1933:
1861:
1840:
1825:
1718:
1664:
1638:
1553:
802:
797:
should not use nitrofurazone, as topical preparations commonly contain
767:
724:
654:
630:
626:
511:
322:
1345:
2326:
2316:
2304:
2251:
2241:
2163:
2150:
1886:
1835:
1784:
1759:
1748:
1674:
1643:
1449:
1286:"Thermal Burns: Overview, Pathophysiology, Quantifying Burn Severity"
821:
806:
277:
75:
2231:
763:
759:
371:
302:
534:
2321:
2028:
1669:
1241:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1993.
1218:(Fourth ed.). Food and Drug Administration. pp. 183–208
1156:
840:. Studies demonstrate that nitrofurazone induces mammary tumors (
704:
650:
758:
Adverse effects for topical use are generally mild and include,
402:
1918:
771:
525:
382:
39:
2148:
427:
1043:
794:
362:
1320:
Ryan A, Kaplan E, Laurieri N, Lowe E, Sim E (2011-08-12).
1209:"Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance"
1319:
669:
Drugstore-made ~400 mL aqueous solution of
Furacilin (
1157:"Use of Antibiotics in Ornamental Fish Aquaculture"
1105:"Nitrofurazone Ointment for Animal Use - Drugs.com"
1053:
National
Toxicology Program Technical Report Series
2339:
1065:
1017:Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
290:
265:
629:class. It is most commonly used as a topical
2134:
1413:
828:as a result of eating the contaminated food.
809:, leading to death. Symptoms are similar to
818:glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
649:, and has demonstrated clear evidence to be
171:
161:
2141:
2127:
1420:
1406:
1179:
727:. Other enzymes this may affect include,
464:
441:
330:
1353:
1083:
1044:National Toxicology Program (June 1988).
350:
664:
82:Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information
437:
310:
14:
2340:
1154:
1133:Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery Clinic
641:, and can be used in the treatment of
455:
2122:
1401:
1280:
1278:
1150:
1148:
982:
410:
390:
80:
1099:
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1005:
978:
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861:
781:
151:
141:
131:
121:
111:
101:
1066:Vass M, Hruska K, Franek M (2008).
934:. U.S. National Library of Medicine
714:
633:ointment. It is effective against
370:
281:
24:
1275:
1145:
753:
625:organic compound belonging to the
25:
2379:
1092:
1030:
1002:
969:
895:
858:
495:
489:
47:
38:
2149:Drugs used for diseases of the
1370:
1313:
1229:
1200:
1186:. Barron's Educational Series.
1173:
1121:
910:"Nitrofurazone (Topical route)"
660:
582:Key:IAIWVQXQOWNYOU-FPYGCLRLSA-N
1957:piperaquine/dihydroartemisinin
1059:
945:
920:
792:total body surface area (TBSA)
501:
483:
13:
1:
1521:trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
851:
831:
694:
1919:Fixed-dose (co-formulated)
681:
7:
10:
2384:
473:Chemical and physical data
2303:
2265:
2162:
2079:
2055:
2027:
2001:
1965:
1909:
1854:
1814:
1801:sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine
1793:
1770:
1726:
1717:
1683:
1657:
1604:
1593:
1584:
1575:
1566:
1529:
1511:
1486:
1470:
1459:
1448:
811:ethylene glycol poisoning
674:
590:
565:
557:O=()c1oc(/C=N/NC(=O)N)cc1
545:
523:
510:
477:
472:
453:
421:
401:
381:
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204:
188:
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88:
70:
60:
55:
46:
37:
1155:Yanong RP (2017-01-05).
2177:Aluminium acetotartrate
1952:artesunate/pyronaridine
1929:artemether/lumefantrine
983:Perez S (26 May 2010).
2285:Fluocinolone acetonide
1940:artesunate/amodiaquine
1301:Cite journal requires
1180:Giovanetti TA (1991).
788:chronic kidney disease
741:pyruvate decarboxylase
731:, citrate synthetase,
729:pyruvate dehydrogenase
701:prophylactic treatment
687:potentially result in
678:
639:gram-negative bacteria
635:gram-positive bacteria
1974:artesunate/mefloquine
1946:artesunate/mefloquine
1378:"Abstract for TR-337"
985:"Nitrofuran Analyses"
737:glutathione reductase
668:
2358:Antiprotozoal agents
2182:Aluminium triacetate
1986:quinine/tetracycline
1658:4-Methanolquinolines
1433:antiprotozoal agents
1085:10.17221/1979-VETMED
1072:Veterinarni Medicina
733:malate dehydrogenase
1983:quinine/doxycycline
1980:quinine/clindamycin
1968:(not co-formulated)
1338:2011NatSR...1E..63R
799:polyethylene glycol
34:
2106:Never to phase III
1966:Other combinations
1846:dihydroartemisinin
1628:hydroxychloroquine
1326:Scientific Reports
989:Adpen Laboratories
679:
647:California Prop 65
30:
2335:
2334:
2222:Hydrogen peroxide
2116:
2115:
2051:
2050:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1905:
1904:
1810:
1809:
1713:
1712:
1562:
1561:
1488:Cryptosporidiosis
1382:ntp.niehs.nih.gov
1346:10.1038/srep00063
1161:edis.ifas.ufl.edu
782:Contraindications
608:
607:
536:Interactive image
423:CompTox Dashboard
27:Chemical compound
16:(Redirected from
2375:
2186:Burow's solution
2143:
2136:
2129:
2120:
2119:
1916:
1915:
1724:
1723:
1602:
1601:
1591:
1590:
1582:
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1573:
1572:
1484:
1483:
1468:
1467:
1457:
1456:
1439:antiparasitics (
1422:
1415:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1357:
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967:
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943:
942:
940:
939:
924:
918:
917:
906:
893:
892:
890:
889:
875:
715:Pharmacokinetics
676:
604:
603:
596:
538:
518:
503:
497:
491:
485:
468:
457:
446:
445:
431:
429:
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314:
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269:
217:
197:US: Discontinued
175:
165:
155:
145:
135:
125:
115:
105:
84:
51:
42:
35:
33:
29:
21:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2299:
2267:Corticosteroids
2261:
2197:Chloramphenicol
2158:
2147:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2096:Clinical trials
2075:
2058:
2047:
2030:
2015:
1989:
1967:
1961:
1911:
1901:
1850:
1817:
1806:
1789:
1766:
1728:DHFR inhibitors
1709:
1679:
1653:
1606:Aminoquinolines
1596:
1586:
1558:
1525:
1507:
1475:
1462:
1451:
1444:
1426:
1396:
1395:
1386:
1384:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1318:
1314:
1302:
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1291:
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1122:
1113:
1111:
1103:
1102:
1093:
1064:
1060:
1048:
1042:
1031:
1022:
1020:
1013:"Nitrofurazone"
1011:
1010:
1003:
993:
991:
981:
970:
961:
959:
953:"nitrofurazone"
951:
950:
946:
937:
935:
928:"Nitrofurazone"
926:
925:
921:
908:
907:
896:
887:
885:
883:www.drugbank.ca
877:
876:
859:
854:
834:
826:red blood cells
784:
756:
754:Adverse effects
748:covalently bond
717:
709:ornamental fish
697:
684:
663:
643:trypanosomiasis
599:
597:
594:(what is this?)
591:
586:
583:
578:
573:
572:
561:
558:
553:
552:
541:
516:
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500:
494:
488:
449:
425:
417:
397:
377:
357:
337:
317:
297:
280:
272:
252:
249:
247:
238:
237:
215:
206:Pharmacokinetic
200:
179:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2381:
2371:
2370:
2368:Semicarbazones
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2290:Hydrocortisone
2287:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
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2189:
2179:
2174:
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2166:
2160:
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2145:
2138:
2131:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2067:Blastocystosis
2063:
2061:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2007:
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1995:
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1984:
1981:
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1963:
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1954:
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1937:
1931:
1925:
1923:
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1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1795:
1794:Co-formulation
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1755:chlorproguanil
1744:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
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1630:
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1620:
1610:
1608:
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1579:
1570:
1564:
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1560:
1559:
1557:
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1533:
1527:
1526:
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1523:
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1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1492:
1490:
1481:
1465:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1437:Chromalveolata
1429:Antiparasitics
1425:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1369:
1312:
1303:|journal=
1274:
1247:
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1192:
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1091:
1078:(9): 469–500.
1058:
1029:
1001:
968:
944:
919:
894:
856:
855:
853:
850:
846:adenocarcinoma
838:Proposition 65
833:
830:
783:
780:
755:
752:
716:
713:
696:
693:
683:
680:
662:
659:
606:
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94:
92:
86:
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67:
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53:
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6:
4:
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2359:
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2314:
2312:
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2306:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2280:Dexamethasone
2278:
2276:
2275:Betamethasone
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2237:Nitrofurazone
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
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623:antimicrobial
620:
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616:
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611:Nitrofurazone
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246:)-2-hydrazine
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56:Clinical data
54:
50:
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41:
36:
32:Nitrofurazone
19:
2295:Prednisolone
2257:Tetracycline
2236:
2043:tetracycline
1936:/piperaquine
1892:pyronaridine
1872:tetracycline
1772:Sulfonamides
1747:
1705:halofantrine
1696:+ artemether
1691:lumefantrine
1568:Aconoidasida
1544:sulfadiazine
1513:Isosporiasis
1502:nitazoxanide
1495:
1385:. Retrieved
1381:
1372:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1294:cite journal
1237:
1231:
1220:. Retrieved
1215:
1202:
1182:
1175:
1164:. Retrieved
1160:
1136:. Retrieved
1132:
1123:
1112:. Retrieved
1108:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1052:
1021:. Retrieved
1019:. 2015-03-22
1016:
992:. Retrieved
988:
960:. Retrieved
956:
947:
936:. Retrieved
931:
922:
913:
886:. Retrieved
882:
879:"Nitrofural"
842:fibroadenoma
835:
815:
803:osmolalities
786:People with
785:
776:inflammation
757:
745:
718:
698:
685:
661:Medical uses
655:carcinogenic
618:
610:
609:
598:
592:
243:
214:Elimination
190:Legal status
184:Legal status
2363:Otologicals
2353:Nitrofurans
2348:Antibiotics
2309:anesthetics
2247:Polymyxin B
2172:Acetic acid
2092:from market
2011:clindamycin
1897:piperaquine
1882:clindamycin
1877:doxycycline
1866:+ proguanil
1831:artemisinin
1780:sulfadoxine
1741:cycloguanil
1719:Antifolates
1649:tafenoquine
1623:chloroquine
1618:amodiaquine
1585:Individual
1549:clindamycin
1497:thiazolides
1472:Conoidasida
1265:|work=
1216:www.fda.gov
1183:Discus Fish
1129:"Aldomycin"
519: g·mol
462:100.000.403
392:CHEBI:44368
248:carboxamide
226:Identifiers
62:Trade names
2342:Categories
2305:Analgesics
2227:Miconazole
2217:Gentamicin
2212:Clioquinol
2192:Boric acid
2003:Babesiosis
1934:arterolane
1862:atovaquone
1841:artesunate
1826:artemether
1749:biguanides
1665:mefloquine
1639:primaquine
1597:inhibitors
1554:atovaquone
1387:2018-03-14
1222:2018-03-14
1166:2018-03-14
1138:2018-03-14
1114:2018-03-14
1023:2018-03-14
962:2018-03-14
938:2018-03-14
888:2018-03-14
852:References
832:Toxicities
790:and large
768:dermatitis
725:glycolysis
695:Animal use
689:skin graft
631:antibiotic
627:nitrofuran
524:3D model (
512:Molar mass
352:X8XI70B5Z6
323:ChemSpider
258:CAS Number
235:IUPAC name
2327:Phenazone
2317:Lidocaine
2252:Rifamycin
2242:Ofloxacin
2164:Infection
2102:Phase III
2090:Withdrawn
1887:mepacrine
1836:artemotil
1785:sulfalene
1760:proguanil
1675:quinidine
1644:pamaquine
1332:(1): 63.
1267:ignored (
1257:cite book
1109:Drugs.com
914:Drugs.com
822:hemolysis
807:anion gap
682:Human use
675:Фурацилин
651:mutagenic
412:ChEMBL869
216:half-life
76:Drugs.com
18:Furacilin
2232:Neomycin
2057:Stramen-
1818:lactones
1595:Hemozoin
1364:22355582
994:14 March
770:, rash,
764:pruritus
760:erythema
621:) is an
601:(verify)
303:DrugBank
168:QP51AC02
158:QG01AX90
90:ATC code
2322:Cocaine
1912:nations
1670:quinine
1577:Malaria
1461:Apicom-
1355:3216550
1334:Bibcode
932:Pubchem
705:fin rot
671:Russian
619:Furacin
517:198.138
479:Formula
332:4566720
312:DB00336
292:5447130
278:PubChem
267:59-87-0
221:5 hours
170: (
160: (
150: (
148:S02AA02
140: (
138:S01AX04
130: (
128:P01CC02
120: (
118:D09AA03
110: (
108:D08AF01
106:)
100: (
98:B05CA03
2085:WHO-EM
2029:Cilio-
1948:(ASMQ)
1942:(ASAQ)
1910:Combi-
1587:agents
1450:Alveo-
1362:
1352:
1245:
1190:
739:, and
550:SMILES
403:ChEMBL
372:C08042
2059:opile
2031:phora
1855:Other
1684:Other
1463:plexa
1212:(PDF)
1049:(PDF)
795:burns
772:edema
707:, in
570:InChI
526:JSmol
383:ChEBI
2307:and
1921:ACTs
1803:(SP)
1635:(8-)
1614:(4-)
1452:late
1360:PMID
1307:help
1269:help
1243:ISBN
1188:ISBN
996:2018
844:and
805:and
653:and
363:KEGG
343:UNII
208:data
72:AHFS
2155:S02
2151:ear
1441:P01
1350:PMC
1342:doi
1080:doi
824:of
774:or
615:INN
428:EPA
282:CID
173:WHO
163:WHO
153:WHO
143:WHO
133:WHO
123:WHO
113:WHO
103:WHO
2344::
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