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and the higher groups of plants must be characterised in terms of the fructification alone without using vegetative parts (which can be used only to characterise the
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within genera). At that time it was believed that all plants have flowers and fruits. It was not until the nineteenth century that the important difference between
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used a more balanced approach and re-introduced the use of the vegetative parts of the plant as a basis for characters at different levels of taxonomic
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194:(1707–1778) raised the description of the parts of fructification to an unprecedented level of precision. He insisted that
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was recognised and the use of terms flower and fruit was restricted to the flowering plants (
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151:) (as opposed to its vegetative parts:
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106:December 2009
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190:of plants.
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177:lycophytes
173:horsetails
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223:hierarchy
33:does not
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229:See also
200:species
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54:removed
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208:spores
196:genera
175:, and
161:leaves
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153:trunk
149:fruit
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