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frontier societies operated in a very difficult political and economic environment that made democracy and individualism much less likely to appear and it was much more difficult to throw off a powerful royalty, standing armies, established churches and an aristocracy that owned most of the land. The question is whether their frontiers were powerful enough to overcome conservative central forces based in the metropolis. Each nation had quite different frontier experiences. For example, the Dutch Boers in South Africa were defeated in war by
Britain. In Australia, "mateship" and working together was valued more than individualism. Alexander Petrov noted that
505:. Instead Fermilab's planners sought to return to Turnerian themes. They emphasized the values of individualism, empiricism, simplicity, equality, courage, discovery, independence, and naturalism in the service of democratic access, human rights, ecological balance, and the resolution of social, economic, and political issues. Milton Stanley Livingston, the lab's associate director, said in 1968, "The frontier of high energy and the infinitesimally small is a challenge to the mind of man. If we can reach and cross this frontier, our generations will have furnished a significant milestone in human history."
371:'s Frontierland of the mid to late 20th century reflected the myth of rugged individualism that celebrated what was perceived to be the American heritage. The public has ignored academic historians' anti-Turnerian models, largely because they conflict with and often destroy the icons of Western heritage. However, the work of historians during the 1980s–1990s, some of whom sought to bury Turner's conception of the frontier, and others who sought to spare the concept but with nuance, have done much to place Western myths in context.
289:- the Russian Frontier Land - became emblematic of the oppression of Czarist Absolute Monarchy. This comparison, Petrov suggests, shows that it is far from inevitable that an expanding settlement of wild land would produce the American type of cultural and political institutions. Other factors need to be taken into consideration, such as the great difference between British society from which settlers went across the Atlantic and the Russian society which sent its own pioneers across the Urals.
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intrusive government, and highly unequal land distribution) were increasingly out of place. Every generation moved further west and became more
American, more democratic, and more intolerant of hierarchy. They also became more violent, more individualistic, more distrustful of authority, less artistic, less scientific, and more dependent on ad-hoc organizations they formed themselves. In broad terms, the further west, the more American the community.
83:
churches, aristocrats, or nobles; there was no landed gentry who controlled the land or charged heavy rents and fees. Rather, pioneers went and claimed territory for themselves using only loose organizations, and the toughness of the experience gave them discipline and self-sufficiency that would be handed down over generations, even after the frontier advanced beyond the old boundaries. The
Frontier Thesis was first published in a paper entitled "
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the ancient
Teutonic forests, endowed with a great capacity for politics and government. Their germs were, directly and by way of England, carried to the New World where they were allowed to germinate in the North American forests. In so doing, the Anglo-Saxons and the Germanic people's descendants, being exposed to a forest like their Teutonic ancestors, birthed the free political institutions that formed the foundation of American government.
524:(the realm of telecommunication) as an "electronic frontier" beyond the borders of any physically based government, in which freedom and self-determination could be fully realized. Scholars analyzing the Internet have often cited Frederick Jackson Turner's frontier model. Of special concern is the question whether the electronic frontier will broadly replicate the stages of development of the American land frontier.
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celebrating the third anniversary of Social
Security in 1938, advised, "There is still today a frontier that remains unconquered—an America unreclaimed. This is the great, the nation-wide frontier of insecurity, of human want and fear. This is the frontier—the America—we have set ourselves to reclaim." Historians adopted it, especially in studies of the west, but also in other areas, such as the influential work of
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461:('getting America moving') throughout his term of office." He promoted his political platform as the "New Frontier," with a particular emphasis on space exploration and technology. Limerick points out that Kennedy assumed that "the campaigns of the Old Frontier had been successful, and morally justified." The frontier metaphor thus maintained its rhetorical ties to American social progress.
243:), using the time dimension of American history, and the geographical space of the land that became the United States. The first settlers who arrived on the east coast in the 17th century acted and thought like Europeans. They adapted to the new physical, economic and political environment in certain ways—the cumulative effect of these adaptations was Americanization.
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the early battles with Native
Americans in the New World. To Roosevelt, the journey westward was one of nonstop encounters with the “hostile races and cultures” of the New World, forcing the early colonists to defend themselves as they pressed forward. Each side, the Westerners and the native savages, struggled for mastery of the land through violence.
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than on territorial conquest. Other historians, who wanted to focus scholarship on minorities, especially Native
Americans and Hispanics, started in the 1970s to criticize the frontier thesis because it did not attempt to explain the evolution of those groups. Indeed, their approach was to reject the
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Historians, geographers, and social scientists have studied frontier-like conditions in other countries, with an eye on the
Turnerian model. South Africa, Canada, Russia, Brazil, Argentina and Australia—and even ancient Rome—had long frontiers that were also settled by pioneers. However these other
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Roosevelt was not entirely unfounded in saying that he and Turner agreed; both Turner and
Roosevelt agreed that the frontier had shaped what would become distinctly American institutions and the mysterious entity they each called “national character.” They also agreed that studying the history of the
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Successive generations moved further inland, shifting the lines of settlement and wilderness, but preserving the essential tension between the two. European characteristics fell by the wayside and the old country's institutions (e.g., established churches, established aristocracies, standing armies,
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Turner sets up the East and the West as opposing forces; as the West strives for freedom, the East seeks to control it. He cites
British attempts to stifle western emigration during the colonial era and as an example of eastern control. Even after independence, the eastern coast of the United States
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Behind institutions, behind constitutional forms and modifications, lie the vital forces that call these organs into life and shape them to meet changing conditions. The peculiarity of American institutions is, the fact that they have been compelled to adapt themselves to the changes of an expanding
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explicitly sought to recapture the excitement of the old frontier. They argue that, "Frontier imagery motivates Fermilab physicists, and a rhetoric remarkably similar to that of Turner helped them secure support for their research." Rejecting the East and West coast life styles that most scientists
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By 1890, settlement in the American West had reached sufficient population density that the frontier line had disappeared; in 1890 the Census Bureau released a bulletin declaring the closing of the frontier, stating: "Up to and including 1880 the country had a frontier of settlement, but at present
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nomination for U.S. president on July 15, 1960, Kennedy called out to the American people, "I am asking each of you to be new pioneers on that New Frontier. My call is to the young in heart, regardless of age—to the stout in spirit, regardless of party." Mathiopoulos notes that he "cultivated this
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Turner and Roosevelt diverged on the exact aspect of frontier life that shaped the contemporary American. Roosevelt contended that the formation of the American character occurred not with early settlers struggling to survive while learning a foreign land, but “on the cutting edge of expansion” in
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of history was popular. Proponents of the germ theory believed that political habits are determined by innate racial attributes. Americans inherited such traits as adaptability and self-reliance from the Germanic peoples of Europe. According to the theory, the Germanic race appeared and evolved in
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Turner's emphasis on the importance of the frontier in shaping American character influenced the interpretation found in thousands of scholarly histories. By the time Turner died in 1932, 60% of the leading history departments in the U.S. were teaching courses in frontier history along Turnerian
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In this view, the frontier experience established the distinctively American style of liberty contrasted to deferential European mindsets still affected by the expectations of feudalism. It eroded old, dysfunctional customs. Turner's ideal of frontier had no need for standing armies, established
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Though Turner's work was massively popular in its time and for decades after, it received significant intellectual pushback in the midst of World War II. This quote from Turner's The Frontier in American History is arguably the most famous statement of his work and, to later historians, the most
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Turner's thesis quickly became popular among intellectuals. It explained why the American people and American government were so different from their European counterparts. It was popular among New Dealers—Franklin D. Roosevelt and his top aides thought in terms of finding new frontiers. FDR, in
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The frontier line, which separates civilization from wilderness, is “the most rapid and effective Americanization” on the continent; it takes the European from across the Atlantic and shapes him into something new. American emigration west is not spurred by government incentives, but rather some
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articulated the latest iteration of the Germanic germ theory just three years before Turner's paper in 1893. He argued that the "tide of intelligence" had always moved from east to west. According to Bancroft, the Germanic germs had spread across of all Western Europe by the Middle Ages and had
124:
According to Turner, American progress has repeatedly undergone a cyclical process on the frontier line as society has needed to redevelop with its movement westward. Everything in American history up to the 1880s somehow relates the western frontier, including slavery. In spite of this, Turner
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American democracy was born of no theorist's dream; it was not carried in the Susan Constant to Virginia, nor in the Mayflower to Plymouth. It came out of the American forest, and it gained new strength each time it touched a new frontier. Not the constitution but free land and an abundance of
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by arguing that the frontier thesis encouraged American overseas expansion, especially in Asia, during the 20th century. Williams viewed the frontier concept as a tool to promote democracy through both world wars, to endorse spending on foreign aid, and motivate action against totalitarianism.
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However, Turner argued that as the North American frontier was ending, a new frontier would have to be pursued, because the country could not maintain its self-concept of being a nation based on ideals without some kind of savage 'other' to contend with. To this end, he claimed that the rising
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Turner's theory of early American development, which relied on the frontier as a transformative force, opposed Bancroftian racial determinism. Turner referred to the Germanic germ theory by name in his essay, claiming that “too exclusive attention has been paid by institutional students to the
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had its own frontier and Russians moved over centuries across Siberia all the way from the Urals to the Pacific, struggling with nature in many physical ways similar to the American move across North America - without developing the social and political characteristics noted by Turner. To the
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American intellect owes its form to the frontier as well. The traits of the frontier are "coarseness and strength combined with acuteness and inquisitiveness; that practical, inventive turn of mind, quick to find expedients; that masterful grasp of material things, lacking in the artistic but
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Whereas Turner saw the development of American character occur just behind the frontier line, as the colonists tamed and tilled the land, Roosevelt saw it form in battles just beyond the frontier line. In the end, Turner's view would win out among historians, which Roosevelt would accept.
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sought to control the West. Religious institutions from the eastern seaboard, in particular, battled for possession of the West. The tensions between small churches as a result of this fight, Turner states, exist today because of the religious attempt to master the West.
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the unsettled area has been so broken into by isolated bodies of settlement that there can hardly be said to be a frontier line. In the discussion of its extent, its westward movement, etc., it can not, therefore, any longer have a place in the census reports."
358:. The frontier, they argued, shaped uniquely American institutions such as revivals, camp meetings, and itinerant preaching. This view dominated religious historiography for decades. Moos (2002) shows that the 1910s to 1940s black filmmaker and novelist
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in 1893 in Chicago. He won wide acclaim among historians and intellectuals. Turner elaborated on the theme in his advanced history lectures and in a series of essays published over the next 25 years, published along with his initial paper as
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107:" to conquer, except meaning space and domestic issues. While this view remains reasonably common at a popular level, since the 1980s academic historians no longer hold to the Frontier Thesis, or only accept its most basic conclusions.
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Slatta (2001) argues that the widespread popularization of Turner's frontier thesis influenced popular histories, motion pictures, and novels, which characterize the West in terms of individualism, frontier violence, and rough justice.
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people to the changes involved in crossing a continent, in winning a wilderness, and in developing at each area of this progress out of the primitive economic and political conditions of the frontier into the complexity of city life.
140:. The individualism fostered by the frontier's wilderness created a national spirit complementary to democracy, as the wilderness defies control. Therefore, Andrew Jackson's brand of popular democracy was a triumph of the frontier.
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A similarly race-based interpretation of Western history also occupied the intellectual sphere in the United States before Turner. The racial warfare theory was an emerging belief in the late nineteenth century advocated by
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incorporated Turner's frontier thesis into his work. Micheaux promoted the West as a place where blacks could experience less institutionalized forms of racism and earn economic success through hard work and perseverance.
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Though Turner's view would win over the Germanic germ theory's version of Western history, the theory persisted for decades after Turner's thesis enraptured the American Historical Association. In 1946, medieval historian
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published an extended article refuting the Germanic germ theory. Evidently, the belief that free political institutions of the United States spawned in ancient Germanic forests endured well into the 1940s.
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Subsequent critics, historians, and politicians have suggested that other 'frontiers,' such as scientific innovation, could serve similar functions in American development. Historians have noted that
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Turner begins the essay by calling to attention the fact that the western frontier line, which had defined the entirety of American history up to the 1880s, had ended. He elaborates by stating that,
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Germanic origins.” Turner believed that historians should focus on the settlers’ struggle with the frontier as the catalyst for the creation of American character, not racial or hereditary traits.
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A modern interpretation describes it as appropriating Indigenous land by means of "American ingenuity", in the process creating a unique cultural identity different from their European ancestors.
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Despite Pierson and other scholars’ work, Turner's influence did not end during World War II or even after the war. Indeed, his influence was felt in American classrooms until the 1970s and 80s.
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Turner never published a major book on the frontier for which he did 40 years of research. However his ideas presented in his graduate seminars at Wisconsin and Harvard influenced many areas of
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powerful to effect great ends; that restless, nervous energy; that dominant individualism, working for good and for evil, and withal that buoyancy and exuberance which comes with freedom."
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reached their height. This Germanic intelligence was only halted by "civil and ecclesiastical restraints" and a lack of "free land." This was Bancroft's explanation for the Dark Ages.
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Alexander Petrov, "Russian History Re-Examined, Ten Years After The Dissolution Of The Soviet Union", published in Russian Moscow 2001, English translation London 2004
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was started at the lab's founding to symbolize Fermilab's presence on the frontier of physics and its connection to the American prairie. This herd, known as the
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A 2020 study in Econometrica found empirical support for the frontier thesis, showing that frontier experience had a causal impact on individualism.
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as well as Peter G. Mode (in 1930), argued that churches adapted to the characteristics of the frontier, creating new denominations such as the
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129:"expansive power" inherent within them that seeks to dominate nature. Furthermore, there is a need to escape the confines of the State.
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natural resources open to a fit people, made the democratic type of society in America for three centuries while it occupied its empire.
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Many believed that the end of the frontier represented the beginning of a new stage in American life and that the United States must
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frontier as an important process and to study the West as a region, ignoring the frontier experience east of the Mississippi River.
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to Plymouth. It came out of the American forest, and it gained new strength each time it touched a new frontier," wrote Turner.
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67:, and an ever-present potential for violence. "American democracy was born of no theorist's dream; it was not carried in the
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E. Brent, "Electronic communication and sociology: Looking backward, thinking ahead, careening toward the next millennium,"
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and uses them to explain how American culture came to be. The features of this unique American culture included democracy,
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Turner concludes the essay by saying that with the end of the frontier, the first period of American history has ended.
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Saldaña-Portillo, María Josefina "Indian Given: Racial Geographies across Mexico and the United States," (2016) pp. 10
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Marvin K. Mikesell, "Comparative Studies in Frontier History," in Richard Hofstadter and Seymour Martin Lipset, eds.,
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489:, still lives on the grounds of Fermilab. Architecturally, The lab's designers rejected the militaristic design of
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in the early 1960s explicitly called upon the ideas of the frontier. At his acceptance speech upon securing the
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1012:"Progress of the Nation", in "Report on Population of the United States at the Eleventh Census: 1890, Part 1"
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lines. It was not confined to academia, but rather was a popular and accepted view. For example, President
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and distinguishing it from European nations. He stressed the process of "winning a wilderness" to extend the
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Ray Allen Billington, "Why Some Historians Rarely Write History: A Case Study of Frederick Jackson Turner,"
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Rod Carveth, and J. Metz, "Frederick Jackson Turner and the democratization of the electronic frontier.,"
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Rereading Frederick Jackson Turner:The Significance of the Frontier in American History, and Other Essays
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Land of Savagery / Land of Promise: The European Image of the American Frontier in the Nineteenth Century
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Pierson, George (June 1942). "The Frontier and American Institutions: A Criticism of the Turner Theory".
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The most important aspect of the frontier to Turner is its effect on democracy. The frontier transformed
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411:’s influential essay on the frontier. He asked why the Turnerian American character was limited to the
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preferred, they selected a Chicago suburb on the prairie as the location of the lab. A small herd of
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that went on to form the United States, why the frontier did not produce that same character among
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338:. In the history of religion, for example, Boles (1993) notes that William Warren Sweet at the
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2427:
1582:
Let the Word Go Forth: The Speeches, Statements, and Writings of John F. Kennedy 1947 to 1963
408:
6280:
5691:
5227:
1406:"Frontier Culture: The Roots and Persistence of "Rugged Individualism" in the United States"
1026:
8975:
8794:
8759:
8664:
8639:
8328:
7825:
7777:
7717:
7553:
7474:
7334:
7257:
7215:
7094:
7044:
7029:
7012:
6912:
6800:
6770:
6563:
6040:
5381:
5098:
4453:
4293:
4026:
3902:
3873:
3644:
3306:
3280:
3227:
3061:
2988:
2833:
2798:
2752:
2720:
2598:
2312:
1473:
762:
553:
173:
165:
137:
4334:
2224:
8:
8779:
8729:
8684:
8674:
8659:
8649:
8634:
8614:
8589:
8579:
8569:
8323:
8143:
8133:
7575:
7324:
7017:
6935:
6930:
6880:
6780:
6648:
6357:
5103:
4517:
4224:
3920:
3132:
3044:
2803:
2437:
2402:
2305:
1695:
A.C. Yen, "Western Frontier or Feudal Society: Metaphors and Perceptions of Cyberspace,"
787:
Stephenson, Carl (April 1946). "The Problem of the Common Man in Early Medieval Europe".
486:
5855:
5425:
4840:
4544:
3152:
745:
239:
Turner set up an evolutionary model (he had studied evolution with a leading geologist,
125:
laments, the frontier has received little serious study from historians and economists.
8799:
8774:
8679:
8619:
8594:
8564:
8554:
8153:
8148:
8138:
8128:
7841:
7819:
7339:
7198:
7173:
7143:
7104:
6987:
6830:
6583:
6578:
6513:
6396:
6309:
6140:
5816:
5148:
4932:
3997:
3952:
3311:
3267:
3222:
2845:
2791:
2712:
2283:
2187:— complex literary reinterpretation of the frontier myth from its origins in Europe to
2077:
1881:
1550:
1515:
1454:
1211:
1096:
1057:
921:
882:
843:
804:
726:
699:
595:
347:
40:
3853:
1621:
8971:
8734:
8689:
8629:
8604:
8559:
8502:
7739:
7570:
7383:
6970:
6765:
6726:
6401:
6255:
6003:
5300:
4311:
4150:
3575:
3334:
3273:
3232:
3049:
2934:
2870:
2781:
2758:
2702:
2610:
2343:
2203:
2176:
2153:
2133:
2114:
2094:
2045:
2025:
2006:
1988:
1969:
1938:
1917:
1898:
1850:
1830:
1817:
1809:
1789:
1771:
1761:
1733:
1427:
1142:
563:
513:
416:
412:
36:
1948:
1077:""Progress of the Nation": The Settlement History of the Enduring American Frontier"
8764:
8644:
8609:
8507:
8422:
8417:
7908:
7346:
7309:
7235:
7193:
7089:
7049:
6850:
6845:
6568:
6275:
6098:
6074:
6035:
5615:
4772:
4162:
4021:
4009:
3301:
3261:
3256:
3081:
2968:
2903:
2730:
2725:
2707:
2565:
2366:
2319:
2069:
1873:
1645:
1542:
1507:
1417:
1237:
1203:
1088:
913:
874:
835:
796:
476:
argue that during the heyday of Kennedy's "New Frontier," the physicists who built
473:
52:
48:
3890:
1798:
an analysis of Turner's theories in relation to social sciences and historiography
1727:
309:. However, others viewed this interpretation as the impetus for a new wave in the
8832:
8769:
8724:
8624:
7630:
7563:
7459:
7420:
7304:
7247:
7119:
7022:
6920:
6840:
6835:
6785:
5993:
5600:
5174:
4850:
4214:
4036:
3821:
3585:
3411:
3056:
2371:
2168:
2109:
Limerick, Patricia Nelson; Milner, Clyde A. II; Rankin, Charles E., eds. (1991).
1864:
Coleman, William (1966). "Science and Symbol in the Turner Frontier Hypothesis".
1194:
Carroll, Dennis (1982). "Mateship and Individualism in Modern Australian Drama".
901:
862:
823:
583:
548:
449:
100:
4094:
2173:
Regeneration through Violence: The Mythology of the American Frontier, 1600–1860
750:(First ed.). San Francisco: San Francisco, The History Company. p. 43.
8512:
7580:
7558:
7536:
7514:
7509:
7034:
6965:
6895:
6640:
6374:
6065:
5484:
5112:
5108:
4759:
4377:
4316:
4156:
3627:
3461:
3249:
3237:
2923:
2808:
2484:
2469:
2459:
2361:
2263:
1279:
Ann Fabian, "The ragged edge of history: Intellectuals and the American West,"
568:
482:
404:
400:
359:
335:
69:
56:
6314:
1305:
William Appleman Williams, "The Frontier Thesis and American Foreign Policy,"
8990:
7722:
7499:
6454:
6406:
5848:
5474:
3637:
2961:
2942:
2886:
2840:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2672:
2667:
2544:
2537:
1641:
1431:
1355:
John B. Boles, "Turner, the frontier, and the study of religion in America,"
600:
573:
558:
533:
469:
1268:
Rendezvous with Destiny: Addresses and Opinions of Franklin Delano Roosevelt
672:
624:
7711:
7647:
7188:
4572:
4219:
4041:
3884:
3740:
3189:
3147:
3076:
2813:
2698:
2652:
2640:
2583:
2549:
2188:
1813:
578:
543:
435:
396:
268:
231:
104:
64:
7603:
7531:
7447:
7267:
6992:
6573:
4855:
4497:
4473:
3843:
3831:
3753:
3329:
3142:
2946:
2682:
2630:
2605:
2588:
2527:
1648:, "A New Frontier in the Chicago Suburbs: Settling Fermilab, 1963–1972,"
1368:
Dan Moosd, "Reclaiming the Frontier: Oscar Micheaux as Black Turnerian,"
951:
William Coleman, "Science and Symbol in the Turner Frontier Hypothesis,"
517:
5745:
1847:
Beyond the Frontier: The Midwestern Voice in American Historical Writing
1061:
1045:
7690:
7598:
7504:
7437:
7210:
6411:
5418:
5061:
4631:
3293:
2881:
2635:
2593:
2579:
2447:
2432:
1885:
1458:
1344:
1310:
1215:
925:
886:
847:
808:
730:
703:
521:
368:
212:
7526:
2081:
1554:
1533:
Bogue, Alan (February 1994). "Frederick Jackson Turner Reconsidered".
1519:
1422:
1405:
1100:
659:
7356:
6975:
6825:
5338:
4462:
4339:
4169:
3652:
2983:
2662:
2657:
2620:
2615:
2479:
2422:
2407:
2276:
1292:
Richard R. John, " Turner, Beard, Chandler: Progressive Historians,"
75:
60:
1877:
1207:
956:
917:
878:
839:
800:
7732:
7670:
7442:
7361:
6013:
4756:
2677:
2625:
2128:
Milner, Clyde A.; Butler, Anne M.; Lewis, David Rich, eds. (1997).
2073:
2058:
Jensen, Richard (1980). "On Modernizing Frederick Jackson Turner".
1546:
1511:
1092:
902:"Nostalgia and Progress: Theodore Roosevelt's Myth of the Frontier"
863:"Nostalgia and Progress: Theodore Roosevelt's Myth of the Frontier"
824:"Nostalgia and Progress: Theodore Roosevelt's Myth of the Frontier"
477:
458:
44:
2464:
2442:
2392:
2296:
2232:
2150:
American Frontier and Western Issues: An Historiographical Review
1595:
History and Progress: In Search of the European and American mind
1253:
Gerald D. Nash, "The frontier thesis: A historical perspective,"
1076:
286:
2049:
1793:
1775:
1606:
Richard White, Patricia Nelson Limerick, and James R. Grossman,
1445:
Ostrander, Gilman (October 1958). "Turner and the Germ Theory".
717:
Ostrander, Gilman (October 1958). "Turner and the Germ Theory".
690:
Ostrander, Gilman (October 1958). "Turner and the Germ Theory".
259:
had officially stated that the American frontier had broken up.
2897:
2474:
2387:
1737:
1670:
Barlow (1996) "A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace"
281:
1748:
The Frontier Thesis: Valid Interpretation of American History?
1075:
Lang, Robert E.; Popper, Deborah E.; Popper, Frank J. (1995).
3532:
3429:
3290:
2412:
1404:
Bazzi, Samuel; Fiszbein, Martin; Gebresilasse, Mesay (2020).
51:
culture and character. Turner's text takes the ideas behind
1999:— deals with events, not historiography; concise edition is
1934:
Researching Western History: Topics in the Twentieth Century
2417:
1914:
Writing Western History: Essays on Major Western Historians
35:
in 1893 that the settlement and colonization of the rugged
2040:
Hofstadter, Richard; Lipset, Seymour Martin, eds. (1968).
1732:. Washington, DC: Service Center for Teachers of History.
395:
This assertion's racial overtones concerned historians as
47:
further for U.S. colonization, and the impact this had on
1403:
1113:
1024:
670:
654:
Allan G. Bogue, "Frederick Jackson Turner Reconsidered,"
326:, places greater emphasis on the development of American
4880:
322:
However, Turner's work, in contrast to Roosevelt's work
6174:
Professionalization and institutionalization of history
1964:
Faragher, John Mack; Turner, Frederick Jackson (1994).
1895:
Does the frontier experience make America exceptional?
1116:"The Significance of the Frontier in American History"
1027:"The Significance of the Frontier in American History"
1010:
Porter, Robert; Gannett, Henry; Hunt, William (1895).
673:"The Significance of the Frontier in American History"
625:"The Significance of the Frontier in American History"
6466:
Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
2022:
The Progressive Historians: Turner, Beard, Parrington
1758:
Frederick Jackson Turner: historian, scholar, teacher
973:"How the Myth of the American Frontier Got Its Start"
403:
ideology, stoking racial and destructive enthusiasm,
5314:
Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
2108:
1046:"The Census of 1890 and the Closing of the Frontier"
85:
The Significance of the Frontier in American History
1931:Etulain, Richard W.; Nash, Gerald D., eds. (1997).
255:Turner saw the land frontier was ending, since the
5274:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
5132:
2914:
2223:. New York: Henry Holt and Company. Archived from
2130:Major Problems in the History of the American West
1827:Frederick Jackson Turner: Strange Roads Going Down
164:The Frontier Thesis came about at a time when the
103:described his programs in the 1960 election as a "
5932:
2196:Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth
2127:
1661:Barlow and Kapor (1990) "The Electronic Frontier"
1381:Richard W. Slatta, "Taking Our Myths Seriously."
1009:
8988:
6670:
2039:
1569:Presidential Performance: A Comprehensive Review
1074:
966:
964:
457:resurrection of frontier ideology as a motto of
6498:
2741:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
2003:Frontiers: A Short History of the American West
1937:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
1580:John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Theodore Sorensen,
1141:, Manchester University Press, pp. 13–28,
380:
1963:
1135:"US imperial hegemony in the American Pacific"
527:
16:Argument by historian Frederick Jackson Turner
6941:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution
6656:
6322:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church
6192:Western European colonialism and colonization
4741:
2248:
2175:. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
2001:Hine, Robert V.; Faragher, John Mack (2007).
1985:The American West: A New Interpretive History
1983:Hine, Robert V.; Faragher, John Mack (2000).
1167:Walker D. Wyman and Clifton B. Kroeber, eds.
1014:. Bureau of the Census. pp. xviii–xxxiv.
961:
213:the challenges to democracy in the late 1890s
7865:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
4652:
2000:
1982:
940:The Evolution of American Ecology, 1890–2000
497:as well as the academic architecture of the
4755:
2054:— 12 essays by scholars in different fields
1930:
1783:
1745:
319:"Wisconsin School" of diplomatic historians
6663:
6649:
4748:
4734:
2255:
2241:
2132:(2nd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
2019:
1801:
1755:
1752:— the major attacks and defenses of Turner
1725:
1652:(1995) 88#1 pp. 2–18, quotes on p. 5 and 2
1343:, Vol. 50, No. 1. (Jun., 1963), pp. 3–27.
786:
7389:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
5377:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
2091:The New Encyclopedia of the American West
1444:
1421:
716:
689:
6596:Historical geographic information system
3362:
2144:— primary sources and essays by scholars
2113:. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
2093:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
2042:Turner and the Sociology of the Frontier
2024:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1987:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
1829:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
1788:. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
1622:"Safety and the Environment at Fermilab"
1619:
1341:The Mississippi Valley Historical Review
1182:Turner and the Sociology of the Frontier
971:Woodard, Colin (January–February 2023).
743:
439:
274:
230:
31:, is the argument advanced by historian
7544:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
2167:
2147:
1911:
1892:
1863:
1750:. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
1497:
1193:
970:
899:
860:
821:
292:
159:
154:
39:was decisive in forming the culture of
8989:
6236:English historical school of economics
4288:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy
2342:
2216:
2057:
2036:— interpretation of the historiography
1132:
619:
508:
9007:History of United States expansionism
8472:
8234:
7896:
6700:
6644:
6552:
6497:
6432:Revisionist school of Islamic studies
6271:Historical reliability of the Gospels
6129:
5656:
4729:
4718:
3361:
3104:
2868:
2507:
2341:
2236:
2193:
2105:— 1000+ pages of articles by scholars
2088:
1844:
1841:— highly detailed scholarly biography
1824:
1780:— highly detailed scholarly biography
1760:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1742:— 35 page essay on the historiography
1532:
1139:The United States in the Indo-Pacific
499:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
340:University of Chicago Divinity School
6624:
4719:
4249:More Irish than the Irish themselves
2111:Trails: Toward a New Western History
1916:. Reno: University of Nevada Press.
1746:Billington, Ray Allen, ed. (1966a).
1133:Turner, Oliver (February 28, 2020),
1043:
311:history of United States imperialism
9002:Historiography of the United States
5319:Functionalism–intentionalism debate
2508:
2217:Turner, Frederick Jackson (1921) .
407:. An example of this concern is in
13:
7231:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
7221:Assassination of James A. Garfield
6332:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II
4276:Fourth Italian War of Independence
2262:
1719:
1474:"The Frontier in American History"
1471:
1114:Turner, Frederick Jackson (1920).
1025:Turner, Frederick Jackson (1920).
763:"The Frontier in American History"
760:
671:Turner, Frederick Jackson (1920).
503:Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
250:
14:
9023:
7263:Assassination of William McKinley
2152:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
1912:Etulain, Richard W., ed. (2002).
658:(1994) 27#2 pp. 195–221 at p 195
302:(1918–2007) in business history.
235:Frederick Jackson Turner, c. 1890
193:
94:The Frontier in American History.
8970:
8961:
8960:
8925:
8924:
7482:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
7275:Nadir of American race relations
7154:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
6623:
6614:
6613:
6130:
5630:
5629:
5471:Palestinian expulsion and flight
3983:5000-year civilization assertion
3559:Nadir of American race relations
2220:The Frontier of American History
1608:The Frontier in American Culture
1120:The Frontier in American History
1031:The Frontier in American History
900:Slotkin, Richard (Winter 1981).
861:Slotkin, Richard (Winter 1981).
822:Slotkin, Richard (Winter 1981).
677:The Frontier in American History
643:The Frontier in American History
629:The Frontier in American History
429:
7184:First transcontinental railroad
6460:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism
5334:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust
5269:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising
5076:Causes of the Armenian genocide
3385:Pyramid construction techniques
2952:Comparative historical research
2869:
2570:Library and information science
2148:Nichols, Roger L., ed. (1986).
1897:. University of Chicago Press.
1849:. University of Chicago Press.
1784:Billington, Ray Allen (1966b).
1702:
1697:Berkeley Technology Law Journal
1689:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1635:
1613:
1600:
1587:
1574:
1561:
1526:
1491:
1465:
1438:
1397:
1388:
1375:
1362:
1349:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1299:
1286:
1273:
1260:
1247:
1231:
1222:
1187:
1174:
1161:
1126:
1107:
1068:
1050:The Pacific Northwest Quarterly
1037:
1018:
1003:
990:
945:
932:
893:
854:
815:
89:American Historical Association
6472:Gunpowder and gun transmission
6422:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule
6231:Historical school of economics
6168:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
5606:Gunpowder and gun transmission
5480:Zionism as settler colonialism
4485:Limpieza de sangre controversy
3452:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis
2089:Lamar, Howard R., ed. (1998).
1802:Billington, Ray Allen (1981).
1756:Billington, Ray Allen (1973).
1726:Billington, Ray Allen (1958).
1620:Fermilab (December 30, 2005).
780:
754:
737:
710:
683:
664:
648:
635:
613:
417:pre-Columbian Native Americans
1:
6281:Opposition to Papal supremacy
5657:
3469:Indigenous population history
1357:Journal of the Early Republic
1296:(Summer 2008) 82#2 pp. 227–40
606:
9012:History of the American West
8352:Hispanic and Latino American
7206:Second Industrial Revolution
7040:Nat Turner's slave rebellion
6746:Exploration of North America
6672:History of the United States
6197:Desacralization of knowledge
4468:Carlism in the Francoist era
4436:Holodomor in modern politics
3105:
2061:Western Historical Quarterly
2020:Hofstadter, Richard (1979).
1893:Etulain, Richard W. (1999).
1283:(Sept 1998), 26#3 pp. 575–80
1081:Western Historical Quarterly
381:Early anti-Turnerian thought
271:constituted a new frontier.
226:
7:
7876:Indictments of Donald Trump
7067:First Industrial Revolution
6901:Declaration of Independence
6891:Second Continental Congress
6589:Historiographic metafiction
6553:
6499:Organizations, publications
6288:Proto-orthodox Christianity
5238:German resistance to Nazism
5094:Persian famine of 1917–1919
4504:Islamic revolution of Spain
4431:Holodomor genocide question
4307:Revisionism of Risorgimento
4301:Rerum italicarum scriptores
4282:Historiae Patriae Monumenta
4049:Self-Strengthening Movement
3199:decolonization of knowledge
1786:America's Frontier Heritage
1650:Illinois Historical Journal
1281:Reviews in American History
998:America's frontier heritage
589:
528:People referenced by Turner
464:
211:West was necessary to face
10:
9028:
8473:
8235:
7897:
7768:Killing of Osama bin Laden
6856:First Continental Congress
6701:
6386:Wissenschaft des Judentums
6363:Criticism of Protestantism
5243:Nazi foreign policy debate
4674:Second colonial occupation
4421:Soviet famine of 1930–1933
4059:Tibetan sovereignty debate
3603:Progressive-era historians
3038:Nationalization of history
2989:Historical-critical method
2229:— original essay from 1893
2194:Smith, Henry Nash (1950).
1866:American Historical Review
953:American Historical Review
789:American Historical Review
433:
421:Spaniards in the New World
267:American influence in the
241:Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin
172:Historian and ethnologist
110:
8946:
8912:
8856:
8820:
8808:
8547:
8521:
8483:
8479:
8468:
8241:
8230:
7903:
7892:
7758:
7661:
7589:
7490:
7401:
7352:Wall Street Crash of 1929
7283:
7164:
7149:Emancipation Proclamation
7080:
7003:
6951:
6918:Articles of Confederation
6871:
6756:Native American epidemics
6736:
6711:
6707:
6696:
6678:
6608:
6559:
6548:
6504:
6493:
6442:
6246:
6205:
6136:
6125:
5981:
5667:
5663:
5652:
5624:
5593:
5557:
5451:
5405:
5391:Second Sino-Japanese War
5369:
5299:
5251:
5213:
5173:
5049:
4871:
4790:
4766:
4725:
4714:
4690:
4588:
4555:
4446:
4370:
4327:
4268:
4233:
4205:
4196:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
4140:
4067:
3973:
3901:
3615:
3544:
3477:
3439:
3372:
3368:
3357:
3182:
3115:
3111:
3100:
2877:
2864:
2691:
2558:
2520:
2516:
2503:
2380:
2354:
2350:
2337:
2270:
2044:. New York: Basic Books.
2005:. Yale University Press.
1307:Pacific Historical Review
744:Bancroft, Hubert (1890).
621:Turner, Frederick Jackson
444:President John F. Kennedy
315:William Appleman Williams
8838:Northern Mariana Islands
7411:Strike wave of 1945–1946
6146:Crisis of historiography
5309:Auschwitz bombing debate
4995:Indian Rebellion of 1857
4846:Late Bronze Age collapse
4780:List of military museums
4383:Pre-Revolutionary Russia
4355:Polish People's Republic
4190:Sybel-Ficker controversy
3554:African-American history
3527:Colonial Spanish America
3316:Second Thirty Years' War
1845:Brown, David S. (2009).
1825:Bogue, Allan G. (1988).
1683:(1996) 27#1 pp. 72–100.
1593:Margarita Mathiopoulos,
1309:(1955) 24#4 pp. 379–95.
1257:(Oct 1995) 34#4 pp. 7–15
1044:Nash, Gerald D. (1980).
405:rose to power in Germany
356:Cumberland Presbyterians
73:to Virginia, nor in the
33:Frederick Jackson Turner
8373:Middle Eastern American
8190:Technology and industry
7060:Seneca Falls Convention
6861:Continental Association
6761:Settlement of Jamestown
5259:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
5118:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
4669:Porter–MacKenzie debate
4426:Causes of the Holodomor
3963:Problem of two emperors
3911:Catilinarian conspiracy
3138:Historical significance
2999:Indiscipline of history
2974:Historical anthropology
2164:— essays by 14 scholars
1699:(2002) 17#4 pp. 1207–64
1370:African American Review
1294:Business History Review
1266:Franklin D. Roosevelt,
1169:Frontier in Perspective
520:, promoted the idea of
324:The Winning of the West
205:The Winning of the West
8493:Admission to the Union
7859:Afghanistan withdrawal
7854:January 6 insurrection
7773:Rise in mass shootings
7745:Virginia Tech shooting
7298:Paris Peace Conference
7072:Second Great Awakening
6811:American Enlightenment
6353:Protestant Reformation
6327:Second Vatican Council
6305:Succession to Muhammad
6300:Criticism of the Quran
6051:Religious perspectives
5785:Klemens von Metternich
5382:"Battle for Australia"
5264:Soviet offensive plans
5233:Broad vs. narrow front
5072:Late Ottoman genocides
4005:Century of humiliation
3786:Goguryeo controversies
3764:2,500-year celebration
3422:Double genocide theory
3209:Historical negationism
3033:Ancestral civilisation
3021:Historical materialism
2979:Historical determinism
2929:History of mentalities
2200:University of Virginia
1372:(2002) 36#3 pp. 357–81
1359:(1993) 13#2 pp. 205–16
996:Ray Allen Billington,
955:(1966) 72#1 pp. 22–49
445:
393:
300:Alfred D. Chandler Jr.
236:
134:Jeffersonian democracy
122:
8485:Territorial evolution
7849:George Floyd Protests
7832:Unite the Right rally
7701:Oklahoma City bombing
7696:Republican Revolution
7643:Space Shuttle program
7465:Civil Rights Movement
7433:North Atlantic Treaty
7241:Sherman Antitrust Act
7226:Chinese Exclusion Act
6816:French and Indian War
6806:Prelude to Revolution
6791:First Great Awakening
6751:European colonization
6477:Torsion mangonel myth
6380:Modern Jewish history
6375:Jesuit historiography
6368:Protestant work ethic
6348:Hesychast controversy
6213:Industrial Revolution
6163:Library of Alexandria
6081:The Lord of the Rings
5731:Constantine the Great
5611:Torsion mangonel myth
5543:Sri Lankan Civil War
4622:Storm over the gentry
4523:Colonies or Provinces
4054:Sprouts of capitalism
3128:Historic preservation
3123:Change and continuity
1729:The American Frontier
1500:New England Quarterly
938:Sharon E. Kingsland,
747:Essays and Miscellany
443:
434:Further information:
409:George Wilson Pierson
388:
275:Comparative frontiers
234:
117:
8399:Palestinian American
7826:Obergefell v. Hodges
7718:September 11 attacks
7554:Second-wave feminism
7475:Cuban Missile Crisis
7335:Bath School disaster
7253:Spanish–American War
7216:The Gospel of Wealth
7095:California Gold Rush
7055:Mexican–American War
7045:Nullification crisis
7013:Era of Good Feelings
6913:Confederation period
6821:Proclamation of 1763
6771:Atlantic slave trade
6564:Commemorative plaque
5780:Juan Manuel de Rosas
5228:"Blitzkrieg" concept
5099:Powder keg of Europe
4974:Franco-Prussian War
4644:Winter of Discontent
4627:Suffragette Campaign
4294:Italiani brava gente
4260:Revolutionary period
4082:Frankish Interregnum
4015:"Chineseness" debate
3948:Byzantine succession
3933:Fall of Western Rome
3874:Executed Renaissance
3363:By country or region
3307:Age of Enlightenment
3281:Vaticinium ex eventu
3228:Modernisation theory
3062:Quantitative history
2438:Historical documents
1808:. New York: Norton.
1710:American Sociologist
1681:American Sociologist
1447:Agricultural History
977:Smithsonian Magazine
719:Agricultural History
692:Agricultural History
656:The History Teacher,
554:Christopher Columbus
293:Impact and influence
174:Hubert Howe Bancroft
166:Germanic germ theory
160:Germanic germ theory
155:Intellectual context
138:Jacksonian democracy
87:", delivered to the
29:American frontierism
8848:U.S. Virgin Islands
8334:Lithuanian American
8290:Vietnamese American
7636:End of the Cold War
7626:Invasion of Grenada
7576:Iran hostage crisis
7325:Tulsa race massacre
7132:Election of Lincoln
7127:Dred Scott decision
7115:Kansas–Nebraska Act
7018:Missouri Compromise
6936:Northwest Ordinance
6926:Pennsylvania Mutiny
6921:and Perpetual Union
6881:American Revolution
6796:War of Jenkins' Ear
6393:Schools of thought
6358:Proto-Protestantism
6227:School of Thoughts
6109:William Shakespeare
6094:Robert Falcon Scott
5999:Friedrich Nietzsche
5837:Cult of personality
5822:Neville Chamberlain
5682:Alexander the Great
5564:Russo-Georgian War
5537:Sovereignty dispute
5516:Iranian Revolution
5346:"Polish death camp"
5323:In relation to the
5032:Myth of English aid
5023:War of the Pacific
4800:Albigensian Crusade
4225:Indigenous Aryanism
3921:Constantinian shift
3457:Residential schools
3214:Historian's fallacy
3133:Historic recurrence
2631:Numismatics (Money)
2403:Archaeological site
2327:theories of history
1712:1996, 27#1 pp. 4–10
1535:The History Teacher
1472:Turner, Frederick.
1383:Journal of the West
1255:Journal of the West
761:Turner, Frederick.
509:Electronic frontier
487:Fermilab bison herd
352:Disciples of Christ
257:U.S. Census of 1890
8997:1893 introductions
8498:Historical regions
8454:Transgender people
8012:Capital punishment
7871:Support of Ukraine
7820:Black Lives Matter
7728:War in Afghanistan
7653:Invasion of Panama
7609:Iran–Contra affair
7470:Early–mid Cold War
7340:Harlem Renaissance
7199:Compromise of 1877
7174:Reconstruction era
7110:Fugitive Slave Act
7105:Compromise of 1850
7050:Westward expansion
6988:Louisiana Purchase
6831:Stamp Act Congress
6776:King William's War
6584:Historical realism
6579:Historical fiction
6524:History institutes
6514:Historical society
6509:Heritage registers
6397:Biblical criticism
6310:Islamic golden age
6261:Early Christianity
6141:Bears in antiquity
6029:Medieval Christian
5827:Pedro II of Brazil
5775:José de San Martín
5579:Syrian revolution
5491:Malayan Emergency
5466:1948 Palestine war
5199:Spanish Civil War
5149:War guilt question
4958:American Civil War
4938:Invasion of Russia
4914:New Russian School
4698:Colonial Australia
4414:October Revolution
4177:Strukturgeschichte
4113:Location of Alésia
4032:Hua–Yi distinction
3953:Moscow, third Rome
3569:Reconstruction era
3390:Black Egypt Thesis
3312:European Civil War
3268:Translatio imperii
3223:Invented tradition
2344:Historical sources
2227:on March 17, 2023.
906:American Quarterly
867:American Quarterly
828:American Quarterly
596:Discovery doctrine
446:
237:
201:Theodore Roosevelt
41:American democracy
8984:
8983:
8942:
8941:
8938:
8937:
8503:American frontier
8464:
8463:
8394:Lebanese American
8379:Egyptian American
8314:Estonian American
8304:Albanian American
8298:European American
8275:Japanese American
8265:Filipino American
8226:
8225:
7888:
7887:
7884:
7883:
7837:COVID-19 pandemic
7740:Hurricane Katrina
7681:Los Angeles riots
7571:Watergate scandal
7416:Start of Cold War
7384:Manhattan Project
6971:Whiskey Rebellion
6801:King George's War
6766:Thirteen Colonies
6727:Pre-Columbian Era
6638:
6637:
6604:
6603:
6544:
6543:
6489:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6402:Catholic theology
6256:Avestan geography
6121:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6104:Søren Kierkegaard
5977:
5976:
5888:Warren G. Harding
5648:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5447:
5446:
5325:Armenian genocide
5188:Polish–Soviet War
5183:Burning of Smyrna
5169:
5168:
5159:Reichstag inquiry
5082:Patriotic consent
4953:
4952:
4928:War in the Vendée
4892:French Revolution
4874:century conflicts
4863:Peloponnesian War
4824:Eighty Years' War
4710:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4615:Westminster Stone
4312:Southern question
4151:Alltagsgeschichte
4101:Legendary Saracen
3803:Early settlements
3611:
3610:
3591:Political history
3576:Consensus history
3353:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3335:Continuity thesis
3274:Translatio studii
3160:Theory of history
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3050:Subaltern Studies
2935:Nouvelle histoire
2860:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2772:Medieval churches
2759:Geistesgeschichte
2703:Paleoanthropology
2611:Encyclopaedistics
2499:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2367:Secondary sources
2209:978-0-674-93955-4
2182:978-0-8195-4055-3
2159:978-0-313-24356-1
2139:978-0-669-41580-3
2120:978-0-7006-0500-2
2100:978-0-300-07088-0
2031:978-0-226-34818-6
2012:978-0-300-11710-3
1994:978-0-300-07833-6
1975:978-0-8050-3298-7
1944:978-0-8263-1758-2
1923:978-0-87417-517-2
1904:978-0-312-18309-7
1856:978-0-226-07651-5
1836:978-0-8061-3039-2
1820:on April 8, 2008.
1767:978-0-19-501609-3
1597:(1989) pp. 311–12
1567:Max J. Skidmore,
1478:Project Gutenberg
1423:10.3982/ECTA16484
1184:(1968) pp. 152–72
1148:978-1-5261-3502-5
767:Project Gutenberg
564:Hermann von Holst
514:John Perry Barlow
413:Thirteen Colonies
37:American frontier
9019:
8974:
8964:
8963:
8928:
8927:
8857:Outlying islands
8814:Washington, D.C.
8809:Federal District
8508:Manifest destiny
8481:
8480:
8470:
8469:
8412:Native Americans
8384:Iranian American
8358:Mexican American
8344:Serbian American
8329:Italian American
8319:Finnish American
8309:English American
8260:Chinese American
8247:African American
8232:
8231:
8037:Direct democracy
8027:The Constitution
7986:Higher education
7909:American Century
7894:
7893:
7347:Great Depression
7320:Women's suffrage
7310:Roaring Twenties
7236:Haymarket affair
7194:Enforcement Acts
6983:Jeffersonian era
6931:Shays' Rebellion
6851:Intolerable Acts
6846:Boston Tea Party
6781:Queen Anne's War
6709:
6708:
6698:
6697:
6665:
6658:
6651:
6642:
6641:
6627:
6626:
6617:
6616:
6569:Documentary film
6550:
6549:
6529:History journals
6495:
6494:
6468:
6340:
6276:Primacy of Peter
6223:Great Depression
6203:
6202:
6176:
6154:
6127:
6126:
6075:J. R. R. Tolkien
5930:
5929:
5925:
5913:
5901:
5883:Ulysses S. Grant
5878:Thomas Jefferson
5869:
5845:
5808:
5771:
5759:
5727:
5715:
5707:Chiang Ching-kuo
5697:Cato the Younger
5687:Amin al-Husseini
5665:
5664:
5654:
5653:
5633:
5632:
5616:War and genocide
5440:
5426:Résistancialisme
5413:Battle of France
5395:Nanjing Massacre
5249:
5248:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5090:
5040:
4922:
4905:
4878:
4877:
4805:Catharism debate
4791:pre-18th century
4773:Military history
4750:
4743:
4736:
4727:
4726:
4720:By war, conflict
4716:
4715:
4664:Cambridge School
4650:
4649:
4548:
4536:
4512:
4493:
4403:
4391:
4363:
4185:
4163:Historikerstreit
4133:
4121:
4109:
4090:
4076:Cordon sanitaire
4022:New Qing History
4010:Conquest dynasty
4001:
3916:Christianization
3899:
3898:
3818:
3731:
3719:
3707:
3685:
3673:
3665:Byzantine Empire
3520:Iquicha Royalism
3509:
3475:
3474:
3398:
3370:
3369:
3359:
3358:
3302:Age of Discovery
3291:Periodization of
3288:
3287:
3262:Transhistoricity
3257:Thirty-year rule
3168:
3156:
3113:
3112:
3102:
3101:
3082:Great Man theory
3045:People's history
3007:
2912:
2911:
2904:Three-age system
2866:
2865:
2566:Archival science
2518:
2517:
2505:
2504:
2372:Tertiary sources
2352:
2351:
2339:
2338:
2288:by area of study
2257:
2250:
2243:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2213:
2186:
2169:Slotkin, Richard
2163:
2143:
2124:
2104:
2085:
2053:
2035:
2016:
1998:
1979:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1947:. Archived from
1927:
1908:
1889:
1860:
1840:
1821:
1816:. Archived from
1797:
1779:
1751:
1741:
1713:
1706:
1700:
1693:
1687:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1653:
1646:Lillian Hoddeson
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1617:
1611:
1604:
1598:
1591:
1585:
1578:
1572:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1425:
1416:(6): 2329–2368.
1401:
1395:
1392:
1386:
1385:2001 40(3): 3–5.
1379:
1373:
1366:
1360:
1353:
1347:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1313:
1303:
1297:
1290:
1284:
1277:
1271:
1264:
1258:
1251:
1245:
1238:Henry A. Wallace
1235:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1191:
1185:
1178:
1172:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1007:
1001:
994:
988:
987:
985:
983:
968:
959:
949:
943:
936:
930:
929:
897:
891:
890:
858:
852:
851:
819:
813:
812:
784:
778:
777:
775:
773:
758:
752:
751:
741:
735:
734:
714:
708:
707:
687:
681:
680:
668:
662:
652:
646:
645:(1920) chapter 1
639:
633:
632:
617:
474:Lillian Hoddeson
454:Democratic Party
348:Church of Christ
59:, uninterest in
53:Manifest Destiny
23:, also known as
9027:
9026:
9022:
9021:
9020:
9018:
9017:
9016:
8987:
8986:
8985:
8980:
8934:
8908:
8852:
8816:
8804:
8543:
8517:
8475:
8460:
8366:Jewish American
8339:Polish American
8280:Korean American
8270:Indian American
8237:
8222:
8077:Merchant Marine
8047:Law enforcement
7899:
7880:
7754:
7750:Great Recession
7657:
7631:Reagan Doctrine
7585:
7564:Stonewall riots
7486:
7460:Project Mercury
7421:Truman Doctrine
7397:
7305:First Red Scare
7279:
7248:Progressive Era
7160:
7120:Bleeding Kansas
7076:
7023:Monroe Doctrine
6999:
6947:
6906:Treaty of Paris
6867:
6841:Boston Massacre
6836:Sons of Liberty
6732:
6703:
6692:
6674:
6669:
6639:
6634:
6633:
6600:
6555:
6540:
6500:
6481:
6464:
6447:
6438:
6334:
6242:
6218:Great Recession
6201:
6172:
6148:
6132:
6113:
6004:H. P. Lovecraft
5973:
5935:
5928:
5919:
5907:
5895:
5863:
5839:
5812:Muammar Gaddafi
5802:
5790:Leonid Brezhnev
5765:
5753:
5736:Gregory Palamas
5721:
5719:Chiang Kai Shek
5709:
5669:
5659:
5640:
5639:
5620:
5601:Conflict thesis
5589:
5553:
5443:
5434:
5401:
5365:
5295:
5247:
5209:
5175:Interwar period
5165:
5135:
5128:
5120:
5104:Schlieffen Plan
5084:
5045:
5034:
4949:
4916:
4899:
4884:
4873:
4867:
4851:Dorian invasion
4836:Fall of Babylon
4792:
4786:
4785:
4762:
4754:
4721:
4702:
4678:
4655:
4648:
4610:Kingdom of Alba
4591:
4584:
4551:
4542:
4530:
4528:Spanish decline
4506:
4487:
4442:
4397:
4385:
4366:
4357:
4323:
4264:
4229:
4215:Greater Magadha
4201:
4179:
4136:
4127:
4115:
4103:
4084:
4063:
4037:Four Barbarians
3995:
3969:
3897:
3854:Götaland theory
3822:Lusotropicalism
3812:
3793:North Macedonia
3725:
3713:
3701:
3679:
3667:
3607:
3586:Frontier thesis
3581:Cyclical theory
3564:Neoabolitionism
3540:
3503:
3473:
3435:
3412:Greater Morocco
3392:
3364:
3341:
3292:
3286:
3178:
3162:
3150:
3107:
3088:
3001:
2916:
2910:
2892:Historical eras
2873:
2852:
2687:
2584:Writing systems
2554:
2512:
2510:Fields of study
2491:
2485:Service records
2470:Religious texts
2376:
2362:Primary sources
2346:
2333:
2332:
2266:
2261:
2210:
2183:
2160:
2140:
2121:
2101:
2032:
2013:
1995:
1976:
1954:
1952:
1951:on June 4, 2011
1945:
1924:
1905:
1878:10.2307/1848169
1857:
1837:
1768:
1722:
1720:Further reading
1717:
1716:
1707:
1703:
1694:
1690:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1605:
1601:
1592:
1588:
1579:
1575:
1566:
1562:
1531:
1527:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1470:
1466:
1443:
1439:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1380:
1376:
1367:
1363:
1354:
1350:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1304:
1300:
1291:
1287:
1278:
1274:
1265:
1261:
1252:
1248:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1208:10.2307/3206809
1196:Theatre Journal
1192:
1188:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1162:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1131:
1127:
1112:
1108:
1073:
1069:
1042:
1038:
1023:
1019:
1008:
1004:
995:
991:
981:
979:
969:
962:
950:
946:
937:
933:
918:10.2307/2712805
898:
894:
879:10.2307/2712805
859:
855:
840:10.2307/2712805
820:
816:
801:10.2307/1840107
785:
781:
771:
769:
759:
755:
742:
738:
715:
711:
688:
684:
669:
665:
653:
649:
640:
636:
618:
614:
609:
592:
584:John Mason Peck
549:John C. Calhoun
530:
511:
467:
450:John F. Kennedy
438:
432:
386:controversial:
383:
307:expand overseas
295:
277:
253:
251:Closed frontier
229:
196:
187:Carl Stephenson
162:
157:
113:
101:John F. Kennedy
25:Turner's Thesis
21:Frontier Thesis
17:
12:
11:
5:
9025:
9015:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8982:
8981:
8979:
8978:
8968:
8958:
8956:Historiography
8953:
8947:
8944:
8943:
8940:
8939:
8936:
8935:
8933:
8932:
8922:
8916:
8914:
8910:
8909:
8907:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8894:Navassa Island
8891:
8886:
8881:
8879:Johnston Atoll
8876:
8871:
8869:Howland Island
8866:
8860:
8858:
8854:
8853:
8851:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8828:American Samoa
8824:
8822:
8818:
8817:
8812:
8810:
8806:
8805:
8803:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8750:South Carolina
8747:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8715:North Carolina
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8622:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8592:
8587:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8562:
8557:
8551:
8549:
8545:
8544:
8542:
8541:
8539:The West Coast
8536:
8531:
8525:
8523:
8519:
8518:
8516:
8515:
8513:Indian removal
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8489:
8487:
8477:
8476:
8466:
8465:
8462:
8461:
8459:
8458:
8457:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8434:
8427:
8426:
8425:
8420:
8408:
8407:
8406:
8404:Saudi American
8401:
8396:
8391:
8389:Iraqi American
8386:
8381:
8369:
8362:
8361:
8360:
8348:
8347:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8324:Irish American
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8294:
8293:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8254:Asian American
8250:
8242:
8239:
8238:
8228:
8227:
8224:
8223:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8186:
8185:
8184:
8182:Sexual slavery
8172:
8165:
8158:
8157:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8119:
8118:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8092:
8080:
8073:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8052:Postal service
8049:
8044:
8042:Foreign policy
8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
7997:
7990:
7989:
7988:
7976:
7975:
7974:
7962:
7961:
7960:
7948:
7947:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7919:
7912:
7904:
7901:
7900:
7890:
7889:
7886:
7885:
7882:
7881:
7879:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7845:
7844:
7834:
7829:
7822:
7817:
7816:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7780:
7770:
7764:
7762:
7756:
7755:
7753:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7736:
7735:
7730:
7720:
7715:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7667:
7665:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7639:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7618:
7616:Crack epidemic
7613:
7612:
7611:
7606:
7595:
7593:
7587:
7586:
7584:
7583:
7581:Moral Majority
7578:
7573:
7568:
7567:
7566:
7559:Gay liberation
7556:
7551:
7549:Counterculture
7546:
7541:
7540:
7539:
7537:Fall of Saigon
7534:
7529:
7519:
7518:
7517:
7515:Apollo program
7512:
7510:Project Gemini
7502:
7496:
7494:
7488:
7487:
7485:
7484:
7479:
7478:
7477:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7451:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7428:Early Cold War
7425:
7424:
7423:
7413:
7407:
7405:
7399:
7398:
7396:
7395:
7394:
7393:
7392:
7391:
7381:
7376:
7366:
7365:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7344:
7343:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7307:
7302:
7301:
7300:
7289:
7287:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7277:
7272:
7271:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7245:
7244:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7208:
7203:
7202:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7170:
7168:
7162:
7161:
7159:
7158:
7157:
7156:
7151:
7141:
7140:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7123:
7122:
7112:
7107:
7100:Prelude to War
7097:
7092:
7090:Antebellum Era
7086:
7084:
7078:
7077:
7075:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7063:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7035:Trail of Tears
7030:Jacksonian era
7027:
7026:
7025:
7020:
7009:
7007:
7001:
7000:
6998:
6997:
6996:
6995:
6990:
6980:
6979:
6978:
6973:
6966:Federalist Era
6963:
6961:Bill of Rights
6957:
6955:
6949:
6948:
6946:
6945:
6944:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6910:
6909:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6896:Lee Resolution
6893:
6888:
6877:
6875:
6869:
6868:
6866:
6865:
6864:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6742:
6740:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6730:
6723:
6715:
6713:
6705:
6704:
6694:
6693:
6691:
6690:
6685:
6679:
6676:
6675:
6668:
6667:
6660:
6653:
6645:
6636:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6621:
6610:
6609:
6606:
6605:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6598:
6593:
6592:
6591:
6586:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6546:
6545:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6537:
6536:
6526:
6521:
6511:
6505:
6502:
6501:
6491:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6462:
6457:
6451:
6449:
6440:
6439:
6437:
6436:
6435:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6391:
6390:
6389:
6377:
6372:
6371:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6350:
6345:
6344:
6343:
6342:
6341:
6319:
6318:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6285:
6284:
6283:
6273:
6268:
6258:
6252:
6250:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6240:
6239:
6238:
6233:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6209:
6207:
6200:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6182:
6177:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6143:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6072:
6071:
6070:
6069:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6048:
6043:
6033:
6032:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5994:Charles Darwin
5991:
5985:
5983:
5979:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5971:
5966:
5964:United Kingdom
5961:
5956:
5954:Modern Germany
5951:
5946:
5940:
5938:
5927:
5926:
5914:
5902:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5873:Thomas Aquinas
5870:
5858:
5853:
5852:
5851:
5846:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5760:
5748:
5743:
5741:Horatio Nelson
5738:
5733:
5728:
5716:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5673:
5671:
5661:
5660:
5650:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5626:
5625:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5597:
5595:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5577:
5576:
5575:
5573:Responsibility
5570:
5561:
5559:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5529:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5504:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5485:New Historians
5482:
5477:
5463:
5457:
5455:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5429:
5422:
5415:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5351:Responsibility
5348:
5343:
5342:
5341:
5331:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5305:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5255:
5253:
5246:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5219:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5185:
5179:
5177:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5146:
5140:
5138:
5127:
5115:
5109:Spirit of 1914
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5079:
5069:
5066:Fischer thesis
5055:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5029:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5009:
5007:Paraguayan War
5004:
5003:
5002:
4992:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4980:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4965:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4940:
4933:Napoleonic era
4930:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4911:
4906:
4897:Pre-revolution
4888:
4886:
4882:Coalition Wars
4875:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4796:
4794:
4788:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4776:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4760:historiography
4753:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4730:
4723:
4722:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4660:
4658:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4578:Decline thesis
4575:
4568:Ottoman Empire
4565:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4537:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4494:
4482:
4477:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4395:Skeptic School
4380:
4378:Anti-Normanism
4374:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4335:Golden Liberty
4331:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4317:Neo-Bourbonism
4309:
4304:
4297:
4290:
4285:
4278:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4211:
4209:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4192:
4187:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4157:Borussian myth
4154:
4146:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4122:
4110:
4098:
4091:
4079:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4007:
4002:
3990:
3985:
3979:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3795:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3773:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3720:
3708:
3693:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3647:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3628:Dealbanisation
3619:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3550:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3498:
3492:May Revolution
3483:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3462:Staples thesis
3459:
3454:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3406:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3387:
3378:
3376:
3366:
3365:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3327:
3318:
3309:
3304:
3298:
3296:
3294:modern history
3285:
3284:
3277:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3240:
3238:Paradigm shift
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3109:
3108:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3013:
3008:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2954:
2949:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2931:
2924:Annales school
2920:
2918:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2894:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2787:Constitutional
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2723:
2710:
2705:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2663:Postage stamps
2660:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2591:
2586:
2577:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2514:
2513:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2460:Oral tradition
2457:
2456:
2455:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2358:
2356:
2348:
2347:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2301:
2300:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2264:Historiography
2260:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2214:
2208:
2191:
2181:
2165:
2158:
2145:
2138:
2125:
2119:
2106:
2099:
2086:
2074:10.2307/967565
2055:
2037:
2030:
2017:
2011:
1993:
1980:
1974:
1961:
1943:
1928:
1922:
1909:
1903:
1890:
1861:
1855:
1842:
1835:
1822:
1799:
1781:
1766:
1753:
1743:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1701:
1688:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1634:
1612:
1599:
1586:
1573:
1560:
1547:10.2307/494720
1525:
1512:10.2307/360525
1490:
1464:
1437:
1396:
1387:
1374:
1361:
1348:
1332:
1323:
1321:Nichols (1986)
1314:
1298:
1285:
1272:
1259:
1246:
1230:
1221:
1186:
1173:
1160:
1147:
1125:
1106:
1093:10.2307/970654
1087:(3): 289–307.
1067:
1036:
1033:. p. 293.
1017:
1002:
989:
960:
944:
931:
912:(5): 608–637.
892:
873:(5): 608–637.
853:
834:(5): 608–637.
814:
795:(3): 419–438.
779:
753:
736:
709:
698:(4): 258–261.
682:
679:. p. 293.
663:
647:
634:
631:. p. 293.
611:
610:
608:
605:
604:
603:
598:
591:
588:
587:
586:
581:
576:
571:
569:Andrew Jackson
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
529:
526:
510:
507:
483:American bison
466:
463:
431:
428:
401:Blood and soil
382:
379:
360:Oscar Micheaux
336:historiography
294:
291:
276:
273:
252:
249:
228:
225:
195:
194:Racial warfare
192:
161:
158:
156:
153:
112:
109:
70:Susan Constant
57:egalitarianism
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9024:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8994:
8992:
8977:
8973:
8969:
8967:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8951:List of years
8949:
8948:
8945:
8931:
8923:
8921:
8920:Urban history
8918:
8917:
8915:
8911:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8899:Palmyra Atoll
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8874:Jarvis Island
8872:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8861:
8859:
8855:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8825:
8823:
8821:Insular areas
8819:
8815:
8811:
8807:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8790:West Virginia
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8695:New Hampshire
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8655:Massachusetts
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8552:
8550:
8546:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8526:
8524:
8520:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8490:
8488:
8486:
8482:
8478:
8471:
8467:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8441:
8440:
8439:
8435:
8433:
8432:
8428:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8415:
8414:
8413:
8409:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8376:
8375:
8374:
8370:
8368:
8367:
8363:
8359:
8356:
8355:
8354:
8353:
8349:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8301:
8300:
8299:
8295:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8285:Thai American
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8257:
8256:
8255:
8251:
8249:
8248:
8244:
8243:
8240:
8233:
8229:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8193:
8192:
8191:
8187:
8183:
8180:
8179:
8178:
8177:
8173:
8171:
8170:
8166:
8164:
8163:
8159:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8126:
8125:
8124:
8123:Party Systems
8120:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8087:
8086:
8085:
8081:
8079:
8078:
8074:
8072:
8071:
8067:
8063:
8062:Voting rights
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8004:
8003:
8002:
7998:
7996:
7995:
7991:
7987:
7984:
7983:
7982:
7981:
7977:
7973:
7970:
7969:
7968:
7967:
7963:
7959:
7956:
7955:
7954:
7953:
7949:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7926:
7925:
7924:
7920:
7918:
7917:
7913:
7911:
7910:
7906:
7905:
7902:
7895:
7891:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7866:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7843:
7840:
7839:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7827:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7775:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7765:
7763:
7761:
7757:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7725:
7724:
7723:War on terror
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7713:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7668:
7666:
7664:
7660:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7623:
7622:
7621:Late Cold War
7619:
7617:
7614:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7601:
7600:
7597:
7596:
7594:
7592:
7588:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7565:
7562:
7561:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7524:
7523:
7520:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7507:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7500:Great Society
7498:
7497:
7495:
7493:
7489:
7483:
7480:
7476:
7473:
7472:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7455:Post-war boom
7453:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7429:
7426:
7422:
7419:
7418:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7408:
7406:
7404:
7400:
7390:
7387:
7386:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7371:
7370:
7367:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7349:
7348:
7345:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7312:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7299:
7296:
7295:
7294:
7291:
7290:
7288:
7286:
7282:
7276:
7273:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7250:
7249:
7246:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7213:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7176:
7175:
7172:
7171:
7169:
7167:
7163:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7146:
7145:
7142:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7121:
7118:
7117:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7102:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7087:
7085:
7083:
7079:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7032:
7031:
7028:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7015:
7014:
7011:
7010:
7008:
7006:
7002:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6985:
6984:
6981:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6956:
6954:
6950:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6911:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6883:
6882:
6879:
6878:
6876:
6874:
6870:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6739:
6735:
6729:
6728:
6724:
6722:
6721:
6717:
6716:
6714:
6710:
6706:
6699:
6695:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6680:
6677:
6673:
6666:
6661:
6659:
6654:
6652:
6647:
6646:
6643:
6630:
6622:
6620:
6612:
6611:
6607:
6597:
6594:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6558:
6551:
6547:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6519:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6506:
6503:
6496:
6492:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6467:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6455:Merton thesis
6453:
6452:
6450:
6445:
6441:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6407:Panbabylonism
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6394:
6392:
6388:
6387:
6383:
6382:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6338:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6323:
6320:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6296:
6293:
6289:
6286:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6263:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6249:
6245:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6204:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6187:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6175:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6152:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6135:
6128:
6124:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6078:
6077:
6076:
6073:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6037:
6034:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5980:
5970:
5969:United States
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5937:
5931:
5923:
5918:
5915:
5911:
5906:
5903:
5899:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5867:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5850:
5849:Bolivarianism
5847:
5843:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5832:Simon Bolivar
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5806:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5769:
5764:
5763:Joseph Stalin
5761:
5757:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5725:
5720:
5717:
5713:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5666:
5662:
5655:
5651:
5636:
5628:
5627:
5623:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5592:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5558:Post-Cold War
5556:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5532:Falklands War
5530:
5528:
5527:Iran–Iraq War
5525:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5475:Ongoing Nakba
5472:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5438:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5423:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5406:Western Front
5404:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5387:Bengal famine
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5368:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5301:The Holocaust
5298:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5252:Eastern Front
5250:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5212:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5131:
5124:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5088:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5073:
5070:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5038:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4983:Paris Commune
4981:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4968:Turning point
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4920:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4876:
4872:18th and 19th
4870:
4864:
4861:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4822:
4818:
4817:Islamic views
4815:
4814:
4813:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4789:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4751:
4746:
4744:
4739:
4737:
4732:
4731:
4728:
4724:
4717:
4713:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4651:
4645:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4587:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4546:
4541:
4540:Ser de España
4538:
4534:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4510:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4407:
4401:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4361:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4178:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4131:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3958:Ottoman claim
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3938:Prosopography
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3892:
3891:Trưng sisters
3889:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3729:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3683:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3638:Habsburg myth
3636:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3546:United States
3543:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3507:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3479:Latin America
3476:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3396:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3356:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3166:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3103:
3099:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3072:Transnational
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2962:Decoloniality
2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2943:Historiometry
2941:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2913:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2887:Periodization
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:Sigillography
2671:
2669:
2668:Prosopography
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2545:Local history
2543:
2539:
2538:Human history
2536:
2535:
2534:
2533:World history
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1711:
1705:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1642:Adrienne Kolb
1638:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1603:
1596:
1590:
1584:(1991) p. 101
1583:
1577:
1571:(2004) p. 270
1570:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1494:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1391:
1384:
1378:
1371:
1365:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1330:Milner (1991)
1327:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1295:
1289:
1282:
1276:
1270:(2005) p. 130
1269:
1263:
1256:
1250:
1243:
1242:New Frontiers
1239:
1234:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1202:(4): 467–80.
1201:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1177:
1170:
1164:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1056:(3): 98–100.
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1013:
1006:
999:
993:
978:
974:
967:
965:
958:
954:
948:
942:(2005) p. 133
941:
935:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
896:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
857:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
818:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
783:
768:
764:
757:
749:
748:
740:
732:
728:
724:
720:
713:
705:
701:
697:
693:
686:
678:
674:
667:
661:
657:
651:
644:
638:
630:
626:
622:
616:
612:
602:
601:Rural history
599:
597:
594:
593:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
574:James Madison
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
559:Francis Grund
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
539:Thomas Benton
537:
535:
534:Lyman Beecher
532:
531:
525:
523:
519:
516:, along with
515:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
475:
471:
470:Adrienne Kolb
462:
460:
455:
451:
442:
437:
430:New frontiers
427:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
392:
387:
378:
375:
372:
370:
364:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
332:
329:
328:republicanism
325:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
290:
288:
283:
272:
270:
264:
260:
258:
248:
244:
242:
233:
224:
220:
216:
214:
208:
206:
202:
191:
188:
182:
178:
175:
170:
167:
152:
149:
145:
141:
139:
135:
130:
126:
121:
116:
108:
106:
102:
96:
95:
90:
86:
80:
78:
77:
72:
71:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
45:frontier line
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
8889:Midway Atoll
8884:Kingman Reef
8864:Baker Island
8843:Puerto Rico
8755:South Dakota
8745:Rhode Island
8740:Pennsylvania
8720:North Dakota
8436:
8429:
8410:
8371:
8364:
8350:
8296:
8252:
8245:
8188:
8174:
8167:
8160:
8121:
8095:Marine Corps
8082:
8075:
8068:
8032:Debt ceiling
8017:Civil Rights
7999:
7992:
7978:
7964:
7950:
7921:
7916:Antisemitism
7914:
7907:
7863:
7824:
7760:2008–present
7712:Bush v. Gore
7710:
7648:War on drugs
7522:Mid Cold War
7374:Pearl Harbor
7369:World War II
7189:Ku Klux Klan
6786:Dummer's War
6725:
6718:
6712:Pre-Colonial
6384:
6186:The Simpsons
6184:
6131:Other topics
6079:
6056:Christianity
6046:Resurrection
5677:Adolf Hitler
5506:Six-Day War
5502:Algerian War
5473: /
5432:Vichy France
5424:
5417:
5327: /
5215:World War II
5111: /
4778:
4771:
4573:Ghaza thesis
4496:
4472:
4458:White legend
4456: /
4454:Black legend
4409:Soviet Union
4299:
4292:
4280:
4243:Great Famine
4220:Indocentrism
4194:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4149:
4095:Grand Siècle
4093:
4074:
4042:Sinocentrism
3903:Ancient Rome
3883:
3741:Aryan Kartli
3739:
3531:
3494: /
3428:
3325:19th century
3323: /
3314: /
3279:
3272:
3271: /
3266:
3242:
3216: /
3190:Black legend
3148:Historiology
2945: /
2933:
2896:
2834:Quantitative
2757:
2753:Intellectual
2719: /
2715: /
2701: /
2699:Anthropology
2653:Phaleristics
2646:preservation
2641:Oral history
2582: /
2568: /
2550:Microhistory
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
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1949:the original
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1615:
1610:(1994) p. 81
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579:James Monroe
544:Edmund Burke
512:
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436:New Frontier
425:
397:Adolf Hitler
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28:
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8904:Wake Island
8670:Mississippi
8585:Connecticut
8529:New England
8196:Agriculture
8115:Coast Guard
8110:Space Force
7958:Immigration
7686:WTC bombing
7604:Reaganomics
7532:Vietnam War
7448:McCarthyism
7330:Second Klan
7315:Prohibition
7293:World War I
7268:Square Deal
7258:Imperialism
6993:War of 1812
6720:Prehistoric
6574:Hagiography
6335: [
6295:Early Islam
6149: [
6041:Historicity
6019:Historicity
6009:Jane Austen
5989:The Beatles
5959:Netherlands
5920: [
5917:Zhuge Liang
5908: [
5896: [
5893:Yuan Shikai
5864: [
5861:Sun Yat Tse
5840: [
5803: [
5766: [
5754: [
5751:Jiang Zemin
5722: [
5710: [
5702:Che Guevara
5435: [
5370:Pacific War
5154:Article 231
5144:Reparations
5121: [
5085: [
5062:Color books
5051:World War I
5035: [
5012:War of 1812
4917: [
4900: [
4885:(1792–1815)
4856:Sea Peoples
4841:Gallic Wars
4543: [
4531: [
4518:Revisionist
4507: [
4498:Reconquista
4488: [
4480:Inquisition
4474:Convivencia
4398: [
4386: [
4358: [
4255:Revisionism
4180: [
4128: [
4116: [
4104: [
4085: [
4027:Golden ages
3996: [
3993:Wunu School
3988:Archaeology
3861:Switzerland
3844:Kosovo Myth
3832:Great Union
3813: [
3798:Philippines
3781:Nationalist
3754:Ages of Man
3726: [
3714: [
3702: [
3680: [
3668: [
3504: [
3501:Revisionist
3393: [
3330:Renaissance
3195:Coloniality
3163: [
3151: [
3143:Historicity
3067:Revisionist
3057:Pop history
3028:Nationalist
3002: [
2947:Cliometrics
2915:Approaches,
2871:Methodology
2767:Linguistics
2717:Environment
2683:Vexillology
2606:Diplomatics
2589:Chorography
2528:Big History
2480:War diaries
2453:Illuminated
2448:Manuscripts
2433:Hieroglyphs
2313:historicity
2068:: 307–320.
1968:. H. Holt.
518:Mitch Kapor
8991:Categories
8785:Washington
8705:New Mexico
8700:New Jersey
8575:California
8070:Journalism
8022:Corruption
8001:Government
7952:Demography
7939:Newspapers
7788:Sandy Hook
7691:Waco siege
7599:Reagan era
7505:Space Race
7438:Korean War
7379:home front
7211:Gilded Age
7179:Amendments
6629:Multimedia
6448:Technology
6412:Urreligion
6315:Kharijites
6266:Background
5934:Historical
5905:Zhou Enlai
5800:Mao Zedong
5795:Louis Riel
5568:Background
5419:Guilty Men
5361:Uniqueness
5284:Background
5279:Winter War
5203:Background
5136:Versailles
4990:Great Game
4637:Ricardians
4632:Tudor myth
4350:Partitions
3943:Succession
3233:Narratives
3218:Presentism
3174:Philosophy
2994:Humanistic
2882:Case study
2814:Indigenous
2792:Diplomatic
2736:Capitalism
2636:Onomastics
2594:Chronology
2423:Facsimiles
2408:Chronicles
2306:historians
2277:Historians
1955:August 28,
1627:January 6,
1541:(2): 214.
1506:(2): 253.
1453:(4): 261.
982:January 6,
725:(4): 259.
607:References
522:cyberspace
495:Brookhaven
491:Los Alamos
369:Disneyland
354:, and the
285:contrary,
8795:Wisconsin
8760:Tennessee
8665:Minnesota
8640:Louisiana
8534:The South
8105:Air Force
7980:Education
7842:recession
7798:Las Vegas
7706:Columbine
7663:1991–2008
7591:1980–1991
7492:1964–1980
7403:1945–1964
7357:Dust Bowl
7285:1917–1945
7166:1865–1917
7144:Civil War
7137:Secession
7082:1849–1865
7005:1815–1849
6976:Quasi-War
6953:1789–1815
6873:1776–1789
6826:Sugar Act
6417:Perennial
6206:Economics
6158:Feudalism
5944:Australia
5692:Aurangzeb
5668:Political
5658:By person
5339:Pius Wars
5134:Treaty of
4793:conflicts
4600:Poor Laws
4463:Hispanism
4340:Sarmatism
4170:Sonderweg
3928:Expansion
3653:Litvinism
3487:Argentina
3321:Long 18th
3204:Dark Ages
2984:Historism
2782:Political
2721:Geography
2658:Philology
2621:Genealogy
2616:Epigraphy
2559:By source
2398:Artifacts
1483:April 20,
1432:1468-0262
772:April 20,
227:Evolution
76:Mayflower
61:bourgeois
8966:Category
8780:Virginia
8730:Oklahoma
8710:New York
8685:Nebraska
8675:Missouri
8660:Michigan
8650:Maryland
8635:Kentucky
8615:Illinois
8590:Delaware
8580:Colorado
8570:Arkansas
8449:Lesbians
8423:Comanche
8418:Cherokee
8211:Medicine
8169:Genocide
8162:Religion
8084:Military
8057:Taxation
8007:Abortion
7923:Cultural
7803:Parkland
7733:Iraq War
7671:Gulf War
7443:Ivy Mike
7362:New Deal
6738:Colonial
6683:Timeline
6619:Category
6534:template
6248:Religion
6099:Socrates
6014:Muhammed
5936:rankings
5817:Napoleon
5635:Category
5453:Cold War
5356:Slovakia
4943:Waterloo
4812:Crusades
4757:Military
4605:Scotland
4563:Kemalist
3885:Nam tiến
3880:Vietnam
3870:Ukraine
3828:Romania
3810:Portugal
3736:Georgia
3711:Medieval
3660:Bulgaria
3649:Belarus
3634:Austria
3440:Americas
3408:Morocco
3404:Ethiopia
3183:Specific
3106:Concepts
3011:Leninist
2969:Feminist
2957:Critical
2804:Feminism
2777:Military
2731:Business
2726:Economic
2708:Cultural
2692:By topic
2678:Toponymy
2626:Heraldry
2574:template
2521:By scale
2443:Logbooks
2428:Features
2393:Archives
2171:(1973).
2050:68022859
1794:66013289
1776:72091005
1345:in JSTOR
1311:in JSTOR
1062:40490574
957:in JSTOR
660:in JSTOR
641:Turner,
623:(1920).
590:See also
501:and the
478:Fermilab
465:Fermilab
459:progress
399:and the
317:led the
8800:Wyoming
8775:Vermont
8680:Montana
8620:Indiana
8600:Georgia
8595:Florida
8565:Arizona
8555:Alabama
8522:Regions
8444:Gay men
8216:Railway
8176:Slavery
7972:Banking
7966:Economy
7808:El Paso
7793:Orlando
7527:Détente
6688:Outline
6554:Related
6444:Science
6089:Madonna
6061:Judaism
6024:Judaism
5856:Saladin
5746:Hypatia
5670:leaders
5594:Related
5547:Origins
5510:Origins
5461:Origins
5017:Origins
4963:Origins
4829:Origins
4691:Oceania
4654:British
4592:Kingdom
4235:Ireland
4142:Germany
3850:Sweden
3723:New Age
3699:Ancient
3695:Europe
3691:Croatia
3623:Albania
3616:Eurasia
3418:Rwanda
3116:General
3016:Marxist
2917:schools
2746:Thought
2713:Ecology
2475:Scrolls
2413:Codices
2381:Sources
2320:history
2297:History
1886:1848169
1814:5946517
1738:58-6043
1459:3740063
1216:3206809
926:2712805
887:2712805
848:2712805
809:1840107
731:3740063
704:3740063
344:Mormons
287:Siberia
111:Summary
49:pioneer
8976:Portal
8930:Cities
8913:Cities
8735:Oregon
8690:Nevada
8630:Kansas
8605:Hawaii
8560:Alaska
8548:States
8474:Places
8236:Groups
8206:Lumber
8144:Fourth
8134:Second
7944:Sports
7929:Cinema
7898:Topics
7813:Uvalde
7783:Aurora
7778:Tucson
6702:Events
6180:Salons
5982:Others
5949:Canada
5583:Causes
5520:Causes
5495:Causes
5289:Spirit
5223:Causes
5193:Causes
5058:Causes
5027:Causes
5000:Causes
4978:Causes
4909:Causes
4656:Empire
4590:United
4556:Turkey
4371:Russia
4345:Deluge
4328:Poland
4068:France
3866:Taiwan
3839:Serbia
3645:Balhae
3496:Causes
3447:Canada
3381:Egypt
3374:Africa
2898:Tarikh
2819:Labour
2809:Gender
2799:Social
2599:dating
2465:Papyri
2388:Annals
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346:, the
282:Russia
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8201:Labor
8154:Sixth
8149:Fifth
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3508:]
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3397:]
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2846:Women
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2829:Rural
2824:LGBTQ
2580:Books
2418:Deeds
2355:Types
2078:JSTOR
1882:JSTOR
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727:JSTOR
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136:into
8833:Guam
8770:Utah
8725:Ohio
8625:Iowa
8100:Navy
8090:Army
7994:Flag
6518:list
5113:1917
4125:Lyon
3596:Eras
3515:Peru
3250:list
3197:and
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2284:list
2204:ISBN
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2007:ISBN
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1970:ISBN
1957:2017
1939:ISBN
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1810:OCLC
1790:LCCN
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1762:ISBN
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1644:and
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1428:ISSN
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