826:
349:
78:
had agreed to support Mugabe as the leader of FROLIZI, which would bring together both ZANU and ZAPU. However, Sithole learned of the plot and circulated a letter denouncing FROLIZI, and ZAPU's Deputy
National Secretary dismissed FROLIZI as "a haven of refuge for political rejects". Mugabe remained
60:
The need for a progressive revolutionary movement, uniting not only ZAPU and ZANU but the massess of the people and all the revolutionary forces of
Zimbabwe behind a single banner ... The formation today of FROLIZI puts an end to this sordid and self-destructive state of affairs. The struggle will
48:(ZANU). However, it was in fact a breakaway faction of both ZAPU and ZANU, established by members of both groups who had become disaffected due to their rival organisations' incessant internal and external disputes. Its domination by members of the Zezuru, a subgroup of the
55:
The organisation declared its support for national unity in its draft constitution and excoriated the divisions of ZANU and ZAPU, which had undermined their effectiveness in combating the
Rhodesian regime. As the constitution said,
69:
of ZANU as a supposed "unity" leader, but this did not happen due to the failure of a plot which had been intended to bring it about. FROLIZI's leadership circulated a letter falsely claiming that ZAPU's leader
106:
region of
Rhodesia and carried out an attack on a white-owned farm in 1972. It obtained significant outside support for a while but collapsed in 1973 after being passed over by the
865:
438:
301:
110:'s Liberation Committee in favour of the other two principal Zimbabwean liberation movements. Its members mostly went over to ZANU following FROLIZI's demise.
870:
379:
490:
594:
426:
890:
98:. It had very few members and no significant armed grouping of its own, though armed members were reported to have infiltrated across the
834:
641:
502:
294:
799:
885:
860:
543:
805:
513:
496:
589:
52:, led to accusations that it was merely a tribal grouping and ridicule as the "Front for the Liaison of Zezuru Intellectuals".
409:
391:
310:
287:
268:
239:
203:
176:
415:
397:
605:
432:
144:
41:
875:
647:
635:
478:
363:
168:
Do 'Zimbabweans' Exist?: Trajectories of
Nationalism, National Identity Formation and Crisis in a Postcolonial State
600:
403:
653:
531:
525:
45:
665:
337:
107:
369:
880:
519:
65:
FROLIZI's first leaders were
Skilkom Siwela and Godfrey Savanhu; there were reportedly plans to appoint
508:
444:
385:
95:
629:
567:
537:
611:
322:
40:
in
October 1971 as a merger of the two principal African nationalist factions in Rhodesia, the
256:
229:
193:
166:
671:
623:
456:
839:
659:
562:
450:
94:. While FROLIZI did not manage to establish a presence in Rhodesia, it sought to ally with
8:
374:
25:
770:
700:
91:
75:
261:
Governance and the Crisis of Rule in
Contemporary Africa: Leadership in Transformation
825:
776:
723:
579:
573:
264:
235:
199:
172:
140:
746:
829:
617:
87:
83:
279:
61:
from now on be waged against the enemy and oppressor, not the
Zimbabwean people.
764:
740:
584:
421:
854:
752:
717:
694:
688:
79:
in ZANU and eventually managed to seize control of the organisation in 1975.
66:
758:
71:
49:
28:
organisation established in opposition to the white minority government of
484:
331:
231:
An
Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996
782:
348:
314:
29:
99:
37:
33:
103:
160:
158:
156:
248:
153:
866:Military units and formations established in 1971
332:Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front
309:
852:
439:Zimbabwe African People's Union – Federal Party
259:. In Obadare, Ebenezer; Adebanwi, Wale (eds.).
164:
134:
135:Rubert, Steven C.; Rasmussen, R. Kent (2001).
295:
257:"Factionalism and Robert Mugabe's Leadership"
130:
128:
126:
124:
122:
642:Southern Rhodesia African National Congress
380:Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai
234:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 775.
218:Africa: The Adelphi Papers, Volume I, p. 20
302:
288:
185:
82:Siwela and Savanhu were ousted in 1972 by
221:
119:
427:Zimbabwe African National Union – Ndonga
871:National liberation movements in Africa
497:Movement for Democratic Change Alliance
191:
853:
503:Movement for Democratic Change – Ncube
254:
227:
544:Zimbabwe United People's Organisation
410:United Movement for Democratic Change
392:National Alliance for Good Governance
283:
195:Africa: The Adelphi Papers, Volume I
18:Front for the Liberation of Zimbabwe
255:Msindo, Enocent (9 February 2016).
165:Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J. (2009).
13:
606:Responsible Government Association
14:
902:
648:Southern Rhodesia Communist Party
479:Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe
137:Historical Dictionary of Zimbabwe
824:
462:Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance (ZYA)
404:Patriotic Union of Mandebeleland
347:
891:Zimbabwe African People's Union
886:Zimbabwe African National Union
861:1971 establishments in Rhodesia
654:Southern Rhodesia Liberal Party
532:Zimbabwe African National Union
526:United African National Council
433:Zimbabwe African People's Union
139:. Scarecrow Press. p. 94.
46:Zimbabwe African National Union
42:Zimbabwe African People's Union
636:Rhodesian White People's Party
491:Movement for Democratic Change
212:
1:
666:United National Federal Party
338:Citizens Coalition for Change
113:
108:Organisation of African Unity
7:
171:. Peter Lang. p. 120.
10:
907:
445:Zimbabwe Development Party
820:
792:
733:
710:
681:
595:National Democratic Party
553:
514:People's Democratic Party
469:
356:
345:
321:
263:. Springer. p. 152.
198:. Routledge. p. 25.
876:Rebel groups in Zimbabwe
398:National Patriotic Front
386:Mthwakazi Republic Party
228:Jessup, John E. (1998).
96:African National Council
630:Rhodesia National Party
538:Zimbabwe Unity Movement
485:Forum Party of Zimbabwe
102:border in the northern
612:Rhodesian Action Party
364:Coalition of Democrats
63:
32:. It was announced in
672:United Rhodesia Party
624:Rhodesia Labour Party
457:Zimbabwe Labour Party
416:United People's Party
58:
840:Politics of Zimbabwe
660:United Federal Party
563:Central Africa Party
451:Zimbabwe First Party
773:(ZANU, ZANU–Ndonga)
375:Mavambo/Kusile/Dawn
26:African nationalist
881:Rhodesian Bush War
835:Parties by country
771:Ndabaningi Sithole
701:Emmerson Mnangagwa
470:Defunct Zimbabwean
92:Nathan Shamuyarira
76:Ndabaningi Sithole
74:and ZANU's leader
848:
847:
777:Morgan Tsvangirai
724:Morgan Tsvangirai
580:Confederate Party
574:City Youth League
554:Defunct Rhodesian
370:Liberal Democrats
311:Political parties
270:978-1-137-56686-7
241:978-0-313-28112-9
205:978-1-134-70518-4
178:978-3-03911-941-7
898:
828:
747:Arthur Mutambara
520:Republican Front
351:
304:
297:
290:
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275:
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252:
246:
245:
225:
219:
216:
210:
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192:Various (2013).
189:
183:
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162:
151:
150:
132:
906:
905:
901:
900:
899:
897:
896:
895:
851:
850:
849:
844:
816:
802:(ZANU, ZANU–PF)
788:
761:(ZAPU, ZANU–PF)
729:
711:Prime Ministers
706:
677:
618:Rhodesian Front
555:
549:
509:Patriotic Front
471:
465:
352:
343:
317:
308:
278:
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253:
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226:
222:
217:
213:
206:
190:
186:
179:
163:
154:
147:
133:
120:
116:
88:George Nyandoro
84:James Chikerema
44:(ZAPU) and the
12:
11:
5:
904:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
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845:
843:
842:
837:
832:
821:
818:
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815:
814:
809:
803:
796:
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793:Armed factions
790:
789:
787:
786:
780:
774:
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765:Welshman Ncube
762:
756:
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744:
741:Nelson Chamisa
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735:
731:
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663:
657:
651:
645:
639:
633:
627:
621:
615:
609:
603:
598:
592:
587:
585:Dominion Party
582:
577:
571:
565:
559:
557:
551:
550:
548:
547:
541:
535:
529:
523:
517:
511:
506:
500:
499:(MDC-Alliance)
494:
488:
482:
475:
473:
467:
466:
464:
463:
460:
454:
448:
442:
436:
430:
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422:United Parties
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146:978-0810834712
145:
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9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
903:
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869:
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827:
823:
822:
819:
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810:
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801:
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797:
795:
791:
784:
781:
778:
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772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
753:Abel Muzorewa
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
738:
736:
732:
725:
722:
719:
718:Robert Mugabe
716:
715:
713:
709:
702:
699:
696:
695:Robert Mugabe
693:
690:
689:Canaan Banana
687:
686:
684:
680:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
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637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
602:
599:
596:
593:
591:
590:Federal Party
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
558:
552:
545:
542:
539:
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477:
476:
474:
468:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
429:(ZANU–Ndonga)
428:
425:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
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373:
371:
368:
365:
362:
361:
359:
357:Other parties
355:
350:
339:
336:
333:
330:
329:
327:
324:
323:Parliamentary
320:
316:
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305:
300:
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272:
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80:
77:
73:
68:
67:Robert Mugabe
62:
57:
53:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
811:
779:(MDC, MDC–T)
759:Joshua Nkomo
743:(MDC–T, CCC)
601:Reform Party
568:Centre Party
260:
250:
230:
223:
214:
194:
187:
167:
136:
81:
72:Joshua Nkomo
64:
59:
54:
50:Shona people
21:
17:
15:
855:Categories
734:Key people
682:Presidents
453:(ZimFirst)
114:References
783:Ian Smith
720:(ZANU–PF)
703:(ZANU–PF)
697:(ZANU–PF)
441:(ZAPU–FP)
334:(ZANU–PF)
24:) was an
830:Politics
315:Zimbabwe
30:Rhodesia
812:FROLIZI
767:(MDC–N)
749:(MDC–M)
726:(MDC–T)
644:(SRANC)
556:parties
505:(MDC–N)
472:parties
382:(MDC–T)
325:parties
100:Zambian
22:FROLIZI
808:(ZAPU)
755:(UANC)
691:(ZANU)
668:(UNFP)
656:(SRLP)
650:(SRCP)
638:(RWPP)
546:(ZUPO)
534:(ZANU)
528:(UANC)
435:(ZAPU)
412:(UMDC)
406:(PUMA)
394:(NAGG)
366:(CODE)
267:
238:
202:
175:
143:
38:Zambia
34:Lusaka
806:ZIPRA
800:ZANLA
674:(URP)
662:(UFP)
632:(RNP)
626:(RLP)
614:(RAP)
608:(RGA)
597:(NDP)
576:(CYL)
540:(ZUM)
516:(PDP)
493:(MDC)
487:(FPZ)
481:(CAZ)
459:(ZLP)
447:(ZDP)
418:(UPP)
400:(NPF)
388:(MRP)
340:(CCC)
104:Karoi
785:(RF)
620:(RF)
570:(CP)
522:(RF)
265:ISBN
236:ISBN
200:ISBN
173:ISBN
141:ISBN
90:and
16:The
313:in
857::
155:^
121:^
86:,
36:,
303:e
296:t
289:v
273:.
244:.
208:.
181:.
149:.
20:(
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