781:
886:
747:
804:
874:
590:
633:
862:
909:
423:
264:
441:
762:
565:
404:
457:
1027:
1689:
1697:
617:
602:
1062:
1078:
732:
850:
720:
656:; this simply involved not glazing or painting the piece after a single firing, leaving a matt surface resembling marble. But the pieces had to be perfect, as there was no glaze to cover up faults, so in practice the wastage made them more expensive to produce. Brilliant new colours were developed at Vincennes and Sèvres in the 1750s and 1760s, especially a blue and a rose. These were often shown off as the ground colour of the body, with painted decoration within compartments left with a white ground.
1042:
1093:
30:
705:(1781–1828) were two of a number of factories making very high-quality porcelain in Paris in the decades around 1800. This contrasted with London, where the factories had all closed or removed north by 1775, although the capital remained, like Paris, a centre for decorating plain "blanks" made elsewhere – in France often in
780:
240:
earthenware that remained in touch with artistic fashion. At least before 1800, this catered to the lower end of the market very successfully, so that porcelain factories concentrated on the top end, in France and elsewhere. Compared to other
European countries, French manufacturers have generally
667:
was allowed effective free rein to oversee it. A period of superb quality in both design and production followed, creating much of the enduring reputation of French porcelain. The light-hearted Rococo was given a more serious air, often by restricting it to the painting, rather than the porcelain
1019:
weekend 'pleasure house'. As Mark
Girouard writes, "opulence was the key-note of this" and thus "eighteenth-century French furniture, porcelain and bronzes of superb quality combined" dominated this specific 19th-century collection. Ferdinand's first purchase of Sèvres is a poignant narrative at
589:
873:
932:
was the most successful. This was founded in the 1840s by porcelain importers in
America, and a strong market in America supported them through rough patches. They also led a reconnection of ceramics with contemporary trends in the fine arts, especially
803:
632:
842:
director at Sèvres; he was to stay 47 years, making many changes. The factory concentrated on tableware and larger decorative pieces such as vases and table centrepieces, much of it for the government to use or give as diplomatic presents.
228:
restricting the production of various types of wares, which could sometimes be circumvented by obtaining the "protection" of a member of the royal family or senior courtier; this might or might not involve ownership by them.
1140:
Credit being unavailable or unmanageable in the East, "in the end, the
Europeans had to have recourse to precious metals, particularly American silver, which was the 'open sesame' of these trades", observes Fernand Braudel,
422:
746:
564:
396:
blue more quickly and thoroughly than those of other
European countries - some English factories continued to make a significant proportion of blue and white wares until the end of the century and beyond.
761:
861:
640:
After this initial period, up to the end of the 18th century, French porcelain manufactories would progressively abandon their
Chinese and Japanese designs, to become more French in character.
885:
403:
1003:
The display of Sèvres porcelain in the
English Country House is another by-product of the 19th century and flourishes especially within what is known as 'Rothschildshire' (the county of
139:
1020:
Waddesdon manor, in which at 21 years old, he treated himself to the famous turquoise Sèvres 'boat shaped' potpourri vase "which he bought in instalments and is still at
Waddesdon".
905:
from 1852 to 1870; there was a revival of Louis XVI style at Sèvres, often more heavily painted and gilded. Many of the old moulds which the factory had kept were used again.
1026:
162:
has a history spanning a period from the 17th century to the present. The French were heavily involved in the early
European efforts to discover the secrets of making the
616:
343:
reported from his voyage to Paris, printed in 1698, that a manufacture of porcelain "as white and translucid as the one that came from the East" was in full operation at
440:
601:
1077:
370:– this is the genuine porcelain invented by the French during the last few years and manufactured successively in Rouen, Passy near Paris, and then in Saint Cloud.
710:
1688:
901:
The Empire style grew more elaborate and ostentatious as the century continued, developing most aspects of "Victorian" taste in a French style. Under the
209:. French styles were soon being imitated in porcelain in Germany, England, and as far afield as Russia. They were also imitated in the cheaper French
362:
Fifteen or twenty years ago an attempt was made in France to copy
Chinese porcelain: the first attempts made in Rouen were quite successful, ... these
819:
Even before the French revolution, the initially severe style of Neoclassicism had begun to turn grandiose and ornate in goods for the courts of the
331:("The true porcelain of China"), and became known as "Porcelaine française". The technique of producing the new material was discovered by the Rouen
913:
752:
644:
started to display original French inspiration towards its last years of operation, after which the abundant, varied, and original productions of
300:
were produced for the first time in France, with production running between 1650 and 1680. Chinese styles would then be taken up by factories in
1092:
182:
was the first to make true hard-paste, around 1710, and the French took over 50 years to catch up with Meissen and the other German factories.
1041:
146:
1946:
289:
were sent from Europe to China to pay for the desired Chinese porcelain wares, and numerous attempts were made to duplicate the material.
1848:
1833:
908:
731:
1696:
285:, and sometimes adorned with elaborate mountings of precious metal to protect them and enhance their beauty. Huge amounts especially of
513:
After 1730, polychrome porcelain also came to be produced, often in imitation of Chinese polychrome styles of porcelain, such as the "
992:. Sèvres turned to a more diluted version of Japonisme after 1870, and in 1897, a new artistic director, A. Sandier, introduced new
263:
2287:
683:, France. The manufacturing of hard-paste porcelain in Limoges was established in 1771 following the discovery of local supplies of
245:
being something of an exception. Where figures and groups were produced, these were most often in the French invention of unglazed
2258:
1061:
988:. But some figures later worked in porcelain, either with the large factories, or independently, as for example in the case of
1858:
849:
695:, near Limoges. In parallel, soft-paste porcelain continued to be manufactured however, as it was less expensive to produce.
2293:
2150:
1566:
1499:
1297:
388:
However, once French manufacturers discovered how to produce a much wider range of colours in porcelain by the 1730s, using
2078:
2311:
2351:
2018:
1526:
2232:
823:. This trend deepened with the rise of Napoleon, which followed a difficult period for French porcelain factories. The
487:
456:
120:
2222:
1112:
2000:
194:
72:
2305:
2254:
1970:
1667:
984:
principles in integrating the design and craft production, and promoting new styles of design, eventually including
550:
Meanwhile, the manufacturing technique of soft-paste porcelain seems to have been transmitted to England by French
472:
2036:
2024:
385:, i.e. "Fakes") of "Indian-style" porcelain. Saint-Cloud became a very important manufactory for the new wares.
1721:
1485:
1446:
2084:
719:
702:
102:
1994:
1661:
1099:
1084:
281:, and was a very expensive and desired luxury. Chinese porcelains were treasured, collected from the time of
351:
2366:
2269:
2114:
1795:
378:
132:
2144:
831:, strong colours, and references to military conquests; Napoleon's ultimately unsuccessful expedition to
494:
in 1735, with English editions appearing in 1736 or 1738. The letters were later again published by Abbé
335:
Louis Poterat; his licence to make "faience and porcelain" was taken out in 1673, signed by the king and
2227:
2132:
1952:
531:, known as "Fleurs indiennes" ("Flowers of the Indies") was also used as an inspiration, especially in
242:
66:
2317:
1934:
1726:
663:, where it still remains in production, and in 1759 it was bought by the king, although his mistress
305:
171:
1561:
981:
311:
The first soft-paste porcelain in France was developed in an effort to imitate high-valued Chinese
297:
258:
167:
1326:
1519:
1016:
924:
Apart from Sèvres, most factories had moved to Limoges by about 1830, with many companies making
809:
Drop-front desk (secrétaire à abattant or secrétaire en cabinet) with six Sèvres plaques, c. 1776
339:
The soft porcelain used blue designs of the type already used in the faiences of the period. Dr.
1270:
1158:
2072:
2042:
1818:
1631:
692:
653:
491:
96:
2281:
1340:
1226:
1212:
713:
and Darte were other Paris factories. By 1830 most factories had closed or moved to Limoges.
2012:
1958:
1940:
1892:
1354:
1309:
1198:
1175:
532:
495:
460:
428:
374:
344:
336:
48:
2120:
767:
507:
2299:
2263:
2217:
2186:
2176:
2171:
1625:
902:
839:
676:
479:
431:
312:
175:
163:
1964:
1048:
946:
8:
2361:
2138:
1928:
1916:
737:
664:
641:
607:
570:
536:
282:
108:
60:
54:
790:
645:
490:
between 1712 and 1722. The letters sent to Father Orry in Paris were first published by
2356:
2329:
2323:
1982:
1976:
1512:
989:
540:
413:
78:
1008:
213:, and this and other materials elsewhere. This dominance lasted until at least 1830.
2237:
2196:
2054:
2006:
1898:
1495:
1481:
1452:
1442:
1293:
1052:
929:
925:
794:
706:
672:
649:
324:
274:
267:
246:
217:
179:
90:
636:
Elephant-head vase, 1757–1758, one of Sèvres's most exuberant designs, made in pairs
2108:
2066:
2048:
1922:
1904:
1880:
1673:
1655:
1556:
554:
refugees. The first soft-paste in England was demonstrated by Thomas Briand to the
316:
84:
820:
2275:
2096:
1988:
1886:
1748:
1643:
1012:
1004:
917:
524:
202:
42:
1149:, vol. III) :217; cf. section 'Gold and silver: strength or weakness?' p. 490ff.
1011:’ (Rothschild style) results in some of the most iconic Sèvres being located at
2191:
2060:
1753:
1637:
1068:
1033:
973:
938:
698:
580:
502:. D'Entrecolles also sent material specimens to Europe, which were analysed by
293:
1007:). The family's history of collecting and its development of the distinctive ‘
954:
2345:
2102:
1863:
1589:
1571:
1456:
977:
950:
555:
340:
241:
concentrated on tablewares and decorative vessels rather than figures, with
29:
2201:
1619:
1473:
824:
514:
464:
206:
1910:
1214:
Hydrocolloid applications: gum technology in the food and other industries
1812:
1768:
1763:
1649:
993:
985:
961:
2181:
1743:
558:
in 1742 and is believed to have been based on the Saint-Cloud formula.
393:
237:
622:
Vincennes plate, 1749–53; a Chinese subject treated in a Western style
503:
1613:
1607:
1535:
965:
942:
934:
389:
660:
2030:
1758:
1601:
997:
688:
575:
551:
519:
301:
225:
1200:
Artificial Soft Paste Porcelain – France, Italy, Spain and England
2126:
2090:
1595:
969:
828:
680:
409:
332:
233:
210:
190:
684:
483:
286:
221:
198:
186:
232:
Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, France had a vigorous
832:
528:
278:
1504:
475:
in 1686, but the manufacturing secret had remained elusive.
220:
in 1789, French production was complicated by various royal
996:
styles, followed about a decade later by styles leading to
320:
964:
in the late 19th century developed almost entirely within
471:
Louis XIV had received 1,500 pieces of porcelain from the
1177:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Materials and Techniques in Art
838:
In 1800 Napoleon, as Minister of the Interior, appointed
627:
1160:
Chinese glazes: their origins, chemistry, and recreation
1328:
A history of pottery and porcelain: mediæval and modern
539:. A patent granted to the Chantilly factory in 1735 by
1032:
Sèvres cup, 1837, imitating Renaissance metalwork and
867:
Sèvres cup with silver handle from a breakfast service
252:
270:, the first French porcelain, end of the 17th century
652:
was first used at Vincennes in 1751 by the director
366:
objects from new factories are not ranked as French
543:specifically describes the right to make porcelain
478:France finally discovered the Chinese technique of
354:wrote in 1722 about these first experiments in his
1397:
1395:
1376:
1374:
1271:Faïences et porcelaines du XVIème au XIXème siècle
381:in 1664 in order to make copies (In the original
2343:
1692:Ming plate 15th century Jingdezhen kilns Jiangxi
510:once equivalent materials were found in Europe.
1441:. Buckinghamshire, U.K.: Rothschild Waddesdon.
1392:
1371:
953:opened in 1834, and the questionable career of
1436:
1418:
1416:
949:. Around Paris the factory of Jacob Petit at
595:Pair of square flasks, c. 1730–1740, Chantilly
434:vase, with blue designs under glaze, 1695–1700
197:took the lead in European porcelain design as
1520:
1313:by Rose Kerr, Nigel Wood, Joseph Needham p.37
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
753:Sèvres pot-pourri vase in the shape of a ship
304:, especially following the foundation of the
140:
835:sparked a fashion for "Neo-Egyptian" wares.
671:Porcelain production further developed with
547:("in imitation of the porcelain of Japan").
1478:Sotheby's Concise Encyclopedia of Porcelain
1413:
659:In 1756 the Vincennes factory was moved to
451:
1527:
1513:
1322:
1320:
1303:
1275:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
980:. This, to some extent following English
319:in the 16th century. The first soft-paste
147:
133:
1342:The Grove encyclopedia of decorative arts
201:turned into what is broadly known as the
1261:, London, 1698, noted in Solon 1905:116.
1242:The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs
1083:Sèvres figure in biscuit, for the Paris
907:
631:
455:
262:
1317:
1183:
691:in the economically distressed area at
679:produced by factories near the city of
2344:
1859:Chinese porcelain in European painting
1171:
1169:
855:Cup and saucer, Dagoty, Paris, c. 1810
628:Development of original French designs
506:, and led to the establishment of the
1567:Chinese influences on Islamic pottery
1508:
1432:
1430:
1428:
610:teapot with Chinese design, 1735–1740
412:(not porcelain) with Chinese scenes,
1240:M. L. Solon, "The Rouen Porcelain",
392:"enamel" decoration, they abandoned
1300:, Berg Publishing, Oxford, p. 220ff
1166:
1152:
879:One of a pair of Sèvres vases, 1809
253:Soft-paste blue-and-white porcelain
13:
2223:Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus
1695:
1687:
1492:Orientalism in Early Modern France
1425:
1290:Orientalism in Early Modern France
1113:Orientalism in early modern France
446:Saint-Cloud manufactory, 1700–1710
356:Dictionnaire universel du commerce
329:"la véritable porcelaine de Chine"
14:
2378:
1668:Famille jaune, noire, rose, verte
1494:, 2008, Berg Publishing, Oxford,
1248:No. 26 (May 1905:116–124) p. 118.
2282:Kuskovo State Museum of Ceramics
1700:Meissen hard porcelain vase 1735
1098:Sèvres swan vase, for the Paris
1091:
1076:
1060:
1040:
1025:
941:(though much of his work was in
884:
872:
860:
848:
802:
793:, Vincennes, 1752, a very early
779:
760:
745:
730:
718:
615:
600:
588:
563:
461:Saint-Cloud soft-paste porcelain
439:
421:
402:
193:, and the relocated royal-owned
174:. They succeeded in developing
28:
1404:
1383:
1362:
1348:
1334:
1264:
896:
814:
323:porcelain, was produced at the
1356:18th-Century English Porcelain
1288:Baghdiantz McCabe, Ina (2008)
1259:Relation of a Journey to Paris
1251:
1234:
1220:
1206:
1134:
1125:
642:Vincennes soft-paste porcelain
608:Chantilly soft-paste porcelain
236:industry, making high-quality
1:
2288:Sèvres – Cité de la céramique
2233:François Xavier d'Entrecolles
1534:
1467:
1100:Exposition Universelle (1900)
1085:Exposition Universelle (1900)
914:'boat shaped' potpourri vases
488:François Xavier d'Entrecolles
315:, and follow the attempts of
121:François Xavier d'Entrecolles
2270:Dresden Porcelain Collection
1439:A hundred years at Waddesdon
1143:The Perspective of the World
500:General Description of China
463:flower holder, in Chinese "
379:Royal Factory of Saint-Cloud
277:had long been imported from
7:
1147:Civization & Capitalism
1106:
972:, led by figures including
945:rather than porcelain) and
482:through the efforts of the
327:in 1673, in order to mimic
10:
2383:
2352:Cultural history of France
2312:Victoria and Albert Museum
1202:Edwin Atlee Barber pp. 5–6
957:began in the same decade.
687:and a material similar to
352:Jacques Savary des Brûlons
268:Rouen soft-paste porcelain
256:
243:Mennecy-Villeroy porcelain
2318:Museum of Royal Worcester
2294:Musée des Arts Décoratifs
2259:Percival David Foundation
2253:British Museum (London):
2246:
2210:
2164:
1873:
1841:
1832:
1805:
1788:
1781:
1736:
1727:Japanese export porcelain
1714:
1707:
1685:
1582:
1549:
1542:
774:Bouret shape – circa 1770
473:Siamese Embassy to France
350:The French lexicographer
306:French East India Company
189:had been discovered near
172:Japanese export porcelain
2228:Johann Friedrich Böttger
1562:Chinese export porcelain
1480:, 1990, Conran Octopus.
1330:by Joseph Marryat p. 190
1118:
982:Arts and Crafts Movement
937:, using artists such as
738:Vincennes soft-porcelain
452:Asian polychrome designs
259:Blue and white porcelain
1490:McAbe, Baghdiantz Ina,
1437:Girouard, Mark (1998).
1358:by George Savage, p. 92
1179:Gerald W. R. Ward p. 38
960:The French movement of
725:Vincennes dish, 1750–56
429:Saint-Cloud manufactory
1701:
1693:
1344:Gordon Campbell p. 223
1216:A. Nussinovitch p. 193
921:
693:Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche
654:Jean-Jacques Bachelier
648:continued the trend.
637:
517:" types. The Japanese
492:Jean-Baptiste Du Halde
468:
372:
271:
1699:
1691:
1017:Baron de Rothschild's
911:
827:was marked by lavish
635:
573:sugar bowl, Japanese
533:Saint-Cloud porcelain
496:Jean-Baptiste Grosier
459:
360:
337:Jean-Baptiste Colbert
266:
2264:The David Collection
2187:Overglaze decoration
2177:Hard-paste porcelain
2172:Soft-paste porcelain
840:Alexandre Brongniart
770:sucrier and cover –
677:hard-paste porcelain
480:hard-paste porcelain
432:soft-paste porcelain
313:hard-paste porcelain
298:blue and white wares
176:soft-paste porcelain
164:hard-paste porcelain
34:Chantilly, 1750–1755
2367:Porcelain of France
2121:Bing & Grøndahl
2085:Dihl & Guérhard
1983:Villeroy & Boch
1230:Edward Dillon p.239
891:Teapot, Sèvres 1817
665:Madame de Pompadour
571:Chantilly porcelain
537:Chantilly porcelain
296:that Chinese-style
2330:Ludwigsburg Palace
2324:Walters Art Museum
1722:Japanese porcelain
1702:
1694:
1592:(16th century BCE)
1311:Ceramic technology
1053:Haviland & Co.
1047:Plate designed by
990:Auguste Delaherche
930:Haviland & Co.
922:
768:Sèvres Manufactory
638:
579:style, made under
508:Sèvres Manufactory
469:
467:" style, 1730–1740
414:Nevers manufactory
272:
185:But by the 1760s,
2339:
2338:
2238:Dmitry Vinogradov
2160:
2159:
2133:Wagner & Apel
1849:List of companies
1828:
1827:
1777:
1776:
1683:
1682:
1640:(14th century on)
1634:(14th century on)
1628:(11th century on)
1557:Chinese porcelain
1500:978-1-84520-374-0
1298:978-1-84520-374-0
1162:Nigel Wood p. 240
1049:Félix Bracquemond
947:Félix Bracquemond
926:Limoges porcelain
795:biscuit porcelain
755:, 1763, porcelain
711:Dagoty and Honoré
707:Limoges porcelain
703:Dihl and Guérhard
673:Limoges porcelain
650:Biscuit porcelain
325:Rouen manufactory
275:Chinese porcelain
247:biscuit porcelain
218:French Revolution
180:Meissen porcelain
157:
156:
103:Dihl and Guérhard
2374:
1947:Saint Petersburg
1854:French porcelain
1839:
1838:
1796:Korean porcelain
1786:
1785:
1712:
1711:
1547:
1546:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1506:
1505:
1461:
1460:
1434:
1423:
1420:
1411:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1352:
1346:
1338:
1332:
1324:
1315:
1307:
1301:
1286:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1255:
1249:
1238:
1232:
1224:
1218:
1210:
1204:
1196:
1181:
1173:
1164:
1156:
1150:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1095:
1080:
1064:
1044:
1029:
888:
876:
864:
852:
806:
791:François Boucher
787:The Grape Eaters
783:
764:
749:
734:
722:
701:(1783–1835) and
646:Sèvres porcelain
619:
604:
592:
567:
443:
425:
406:
317:Medici porcelain
160:French porcelain
149:
142:
135:
32:
22:French porcelain
18:
17:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2276:Gardiner Museum
2255:Asia Department
2242:
2206:
2156:
2097:Hutschenreuther
1869:
1866:
1824:
1801:
1798:
1773:
1732:
1729:
1703:
1679:
1578:
1575:
1538:
1533:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1449:
1435:
1426:
1421:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1401:Battie, 156–157
1400:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1380:Battie, 108–109
1379:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1318:
1308:
1304:
1287:
1276:
1269:
1265:
1256:
1252:
1239:
1235:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1184:
1174:
1167:
1157:
1153:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1109:
1102:
1096:
1087:
1081:
1072:
1065:
1056:
1045:
1036:
1030:
1013:Waddesdon Manor
1009:goût Rothschild
1005:Buckinghamshire
918:Waddesdon Manor
899:
892:
889:
880:
877:
868:
865:
856:
853:
817:
810:
807:
798:
784:
775:
765:
756:
750:
741:
735:
726:
723:
630:
623:
620:
611:
605:
596:
593:
584:
568:
525:Arita porcelain
454:
447:
444:
435:
426:
417:
407:
383:"Contre-façons"
261:
255:
203:Louis XVI style
153:
35:
12:
11:
5:
2380:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2306:Topkapı Palace
2303:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2192:China painting
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1821:(14th century)
1816:
1815:(10th century)
1809:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1790:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1676:(18th century)
1671:
1670:(17th century)
1665:
1664:(17th century)
1659:
1658:(17th century)
1653:
1652:(16th century)
1647:
1646:(16th century)
1641:
1638:Blanc de Chine
1635:
1632:Blue and white
1629:
1623:
1622:(12th century)
1617:
1616:(10th century)
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1488:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1447:
1424:
1412:
1403:
1391:
1382:
1370:
1361:
1347:
1333:
1316:
1302:
1274:
1263:
1250:
1233:
1219:
1205:
1182:
1165:
1151:
1133:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1090:
1088:
1082:
1075:
1073:
1069:Ernest Chaplet
1066:
1059:
1057:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1034:Limoges enamel
1031:
1024:
974:Ernest Chaplet
939:Ernest Chaplet
898:
895:
894:
893:
890:
883:
881:
878:
871:
869:
866:
859:
857:
854:
847:
816:
813:
812:
811:
808:
801:
799:
785:
778:
776:
766:
759:
757:
751:
744:
742:
740:cup, 1750–1752
736:
729:
727:
724:
717:
699:Nast porcelain
629:
626:
625:
624:
621:
614:
612:
606:
599:
597:
594:
587:
585:
581:Ciquaire Cirou
569:
562:
545:façon de Japon
453:
450:
449:
448:
445:
438:
436:
427:
420:
418:
408:
401:
294:Nevers faience
257:Main article:
254:
251:
195:Sèvres factory
155:
154:
152:
151:
144:
137:
129:
126:
125:
124:
123:
115:
114:
113:
112:
106:
100:
94:
93:(1771–present)
88:
87:(1768–present)
82:
76:
75:(1756–present)
70:
64:
58:
52:
46:
37:
36:
33:
25:
24:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2379:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2332:(Ludwigsburg)
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2300:Palace Museum
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1865:
1864:Armorial ware
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1698:
1690:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1610:(6th century)
1609:
1606:
1604:(2nd century)
1603:
1600:
1598:(1st century)
1597:
1594:
1591:
1590:Proto-celadon
1588:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1572:Fonthill Vase
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1474:Battie, David
1472:
1471:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1419:
1417:
1407:
1398:
1396:
1386:
1377:
1375:
1365:
1359:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1314:
1312:
1306:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1272:
1267:
1260:
1254:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1180:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1163:
1161:
1155:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1128:
1124:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1101:
1094:
1089:
1086:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
978:Theodore Deck
975:
971:
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
951:Fontainebleau
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
927:
920:, around 1761
919:
915:
910:
906:
904:
903:Second Empire
887:
882:
875:
870:
863:
858:
851:
846:
845:
844:
841:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
821:Ancien Régime
805:
800:
796:
792:
788:
782:
777:
773:
769:
763:
758:
754:
748:
743:
739:
733:
728:
721:
716:
715:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
669:
666:
662:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
634:
618:
613:
609:
603:
598:
591:
586:
582:
578:
577:
572:
566:
561:
560:
559:
557:
556:Royal Society
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
521:
516:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
466:
462:
458:
442:
437:
433:
430:
424:
419:
415:
411:
405:
400:
399:
398:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
359:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
341:Martin Lister
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
269:
265:
260:
250:
248:
244:
239:
235:
230:
227:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
205:and then the
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
150:
145:
143:
138:
136:
131:
130:
128:
127:
122:
119:
118:
117:
116:
110:
107:
104:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
71:
68:
65:
62:
59:
56:
53:
50:
47:
44:
41:
40:
39:
38:
31:
27:
26:
23:
20:
19:
16:
2266:(Copenhagen)
2202:Factory mark
2165:Technologies
2073:Clignancourt
1853:
1491:
1477:
1438:
1406:
1385:
1364:
1355:
1350:
1341:
1336:
1327:
1310:
1305:
1289:
1266:
1258:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1227:
1222:
1213:
1208:
1199:
1176:
1159:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1127:
1002:
959:
923:
900:
897:19th century
837:
825:Empire style
818:
815:Empire style
786:
771:
697:
675:, a type of
670:
658:
639:
574:
549:
544:
518:
515:Famille rose
512:
499:
477:
470:
465:Famille Rose
416:, 1680–1700.
387:
382:
373:
367:
363:
361:
355:
349:
328:
310:
291:
273:
231:
215:
207:Empire style
184:
159:
158:
97:Clignancourt
21:
15:
2326:(Baltimore)
2320:(Worcester)
2247:Collections
2013:Ludwigsburg
1995:Frankenthal
1971:Nymphenburg
1965:Fürstenberg
1941:Capodimonte
1893:Saint-Cloud
1422:Battie, 156
1410:Battie, 155
1389:Battie, 109
1368:Battie, 108
1131:Battie, 107
994:Art Nouveau
986:Art Nouveau
962:art pottery
955:Edmé Samson
928:, of which
772:pot à sucre
583:, 1725–1751
377:set up the
345:Saint-Cloud
216:Before the
166:known from
111:(1783–1835)
105:(1781–1828)
99:(1775–1790)
57:(1730–1800)
51:(1693–1766)
49:Saint-Cloud
2362:French art
2346:Categories
2308:(Istanbul)
2182:Bone china
2067:Copenhagen
2061:Loosdrecht
2043:Wallendorf
1626:Jingdezhen
1486:1850292515
1468:References
1448:0952780925
912:The three
394:underglaze
292:It was in
238:tin-glazed
226:monopolies
2357:Porcelain
2302:(Beijing)
2278:(Toronto)
2272:(Dresden)
2145:Porsgrund
2139:Rosenthal
2079:Hollóháza
1989:Worcester
1929:Vincennes
1917:Chantilly
1911:Rörstrand
1754:Nabeshima
1536:Porcelain
1457:695587648
1228:Porcelain
1071:, c. 1890
966:stoneware
943:stoneware
935:Japonisme
523:style of
390:overglaze
308:in 1664.
283:Francis I
69:(1745–65)
63:(1740–56)
61:Vincennes
55:Chantilly
45:(1673–96)
2314:(London)
2284:(Moscow)
2218:Chinamen
2151:Augarten
2031:Wedgwood
1977:Plymouth
1842:General:
1789:General:
1759:Kakiemon
1715:General:
1550:General:
1257:Lister,
1107:See also
1067:Vase by
998:Art Deco
789:, after
689:petuntse
576:Kakiemon
552:Huguenot
541:Louis XV
520:Kakiemon
302:Normandy
81:(1766–?)
79:Etiolles
2296:(Paris)
2290:(Paris)
2197:Biscuit
2127:Zsolnay
2103:Doulton
2091:Mintons
2055:Limoges
1953:Mennecy
1935:Chelsea
1899:Meissen
1620:Qingbai
1596:Celadon
1476:, ed.,
1055:, 1870s
970:faience
829:gilding
681:Limoges
668:shape.
504:Réaumur
498:in his
486:Father
410:Faience
375:Colbert
368:faience
364:faience
234:faience
222:patents
211:faience
191:Limoges
168:Chinese
91:Limoges
67:Mennecy
2211:People
2153:(1923)
2147:(1885)
2141:(1879)
2135:(1877)
2129:(1853)
2123:(1853)
2117:(1826)
2115:Herend
2111:(1822)
2109:Lichte
2105:(1815)
2099:(1814)
2093:(1793)
2087:(1781)
2081:(1777)
2075:(1775)
2069:(1775)
2063:(1774)
2057:(1771)
2051:(1768)
2045:(1764)
2039:(1763)
2037:Berlin
2033:(1759)
2027:(1760)
2025:Retiro
2021:(1759)
2015:(1758)
2009:(1757)
2003:(1756)
2001:Sèvres
1997:(1755)
1991:(1751)
1985:(1748)
1979:(1748)
1973:(1747)
1967:(1747)
1961:(1747)
1955:(1745)
1949:(1744)
1943:(1743)
1937:(1743)
1931:(1740)
1925:(1735)
1923:Doccia
1919:(1730)
1913:(1726)
1907:(1718)
1905:Vienna
1901:(1710)
1895:(1693)
1889:(1673)
1883:(1575)
1881:Medici
1874:Types:
1834:Europe
1819:Joseon
1813:Goryeo
1806:Types:
1769:Hirado
1764:Kutani
1737:Types:
1674:Canton
1662:Kangxi
1656:Tianqi
1650:Swatow
1583:Types:
1574:(1338)
1498:
1484:
1455:
1445:
1296:
685:kaolin
661:Sèvres
484:Jesuit
333:potter
287:silver
199:rococo
187:kaolin
178:, but
73:Sèvres
2049:Revol
2019:Weesp
2007:Derby
1887:Rouen
1782:Korea
1749:Imari
1744:Arita
1708:Japan
1644:Kraak
1543:China
1119:Notes
833:Egypt
797:group
529:Japan
279:China
85:Revol
43:Rouen
1614:Ding
1608:Xing
1496:ISBN
1482:ISBN
1453:OCLC
1443:ISBN
1294:ISBN
1051:for
976:and
968:and
535:and
321:frit
224:and
170:and
109:Nast
1959:Bow
1602:Yue
916:at
709:.
2348::
2257:/
1451:.
1427:^
1415:^
1394:^
1373:^
1319:^
1292:,
1277:^
1244:,
1185:^
1168:^
1015:,
1000:.
527:,
358::
347:.
249:.
1528:e
1521:t
1514:v
1459:.
1246:7
1145:(
148:e
141:t
134:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
