1160:
60:
1146:
812:
By the 21st century, Senegal had also become home to an increasing population of poor and even destitute French immigrants. Taking advantage of low-cost air travel, they arrived in
Senegal as sight-seers but then remained in the country due to the relatively lax entry requirements, and cut off their
784:
During the period of French rule, there were almost no official controls on settlement by French nationals into the colonies. The
European community of Dakar was dominated by the French, but also including whites from outside France. The community was marked by significant divisions of social class:
804:
alone. Though Dakar in particular featured a far higher proportion of non-indigenous population than many surrounding
African countries in which racial conflict had become apparent, inter-ethnic relations there were characterised by an "apparent absence of any colour problem" . It had been expected
792:
as well as smaller traders and their employees, as well as a large transient population of missionaries and travellers. French people required no identity cards or passports to travel in
Senegal, making it easy to assume false identities and creating significant difficulties in policing them.
805:
that most French would soon return to France after independence, but a decade later, there were still 29,000 living in the country, involved with French aid and capital investment; their presence reflected the continued dependence of France's
African colonies on the
793:
Administrators expressed frustration with the influx of criminals and other "undesirables" from metropolitan France, which ran counter to what they saw as the French "civilising mission" to present "morally upright" role models for
Africans to emulate.
254:
198:
1543:
1040:
O'Brien, Rita Cruise (January 1974), "Some problems in the consolidation of national independence in Africa: the case of the French expatriates in
Senegal",
508:
1671:
215:
1257:
1069:
1597:
1555:
1521:
1474:
1462:
1438:
1414:
1402:
1390:
1378:
1366:
788:
Aside from the administrators, the French population in
Senegal during the period between the world wars contained rich merchant families from
598:
1863:
1070:"On the fringes of the 'civilizing mission': 'suspicious' Frenchmen and unofficial discourses of French colonialism in AOF (1918–1939)"
312:
1538:
1676:
1333:
220:
1117:
Perret, J. L.; Sane, M.; Mbaye, P. S.; Fall, F.; Diop, M; Jousseaume, J. F. (2000), "The new poor expatriates in the third world",
739:
1361:
1707:
608:
232:
1250:
2010:
1175:
711:
2050:
1858:
1208:
830:
691:
307:
1300:
1243:
1848:
1326:
785:
in particular, French men in the colonial administration looked down on the rest of the
European population.
297:
1511:
881:
1516:
732:
112:
1828:
1625:
1290:
1100:
603:
277:
166:
117:
1881:
1645:
1585:
1280:
337:
186:
147:
797:
2055:
1692:
1666:
1319:
1275:
818:
400:
259:
210:
1295:
1640:
1635:
1630:
725:
181:
176:
171:
79:
43:
1938:
1820:
1799:
1661:
1479:
856:
846:
821:
of the skin, and the like, worsened by their failure or inability to seek medical attention.
686:
530:
456:
203:
1184:
900:
800:
in 1960, there were estimated to be 40,000 French people in the country, three-fourths in
8:
1712:
1177:
Indigenization of industrial management in postcolonial Africa: a case study from
Senegal
1053:
814:
583:
323:
237:
1928:
1902:
1577:
1383:
1057:
773:
520:
358:
142:
1979:
1959:
1954:
1838:
1700:
1533:
1455:
1223:
1204:
1188:
1126:
1092:
1029:
668:
628:
621:
568:
556:
503:
483:
478:
287:
247:
998:
1974:
1969:
1909:
1895:
1888:
1868:
1806:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1730:
1609:
1084:
1049:
906:
658:
578:
498:
493:
442:
435:
414:
407:
393:
373:
365:
351:
344:
317:
2032:) can be considered as separate (ethnically) or French migration (by nationality).
1792:
546:) can be considered as separate (ethnically) or French migration (by nationality).
449:
1853:
1843:
1785:
1778:
1602:
1560:
1395:
1342:
868:
842:
757:
663:
653:
646:
633:
588:
573:
463:
428:
302:
292:
97:
1220:
The French of Senegal: the behaviour and attitudes of a White minority in Africa
1964:
1494:
1431:
1371:
1165:
593:
488:
2044:
1504:
1450:
1426:
1192:
1151:
1096:
563:
83:
51:
1227:
1526:
1467:
1407:
1130:
902:
Données socio-démographiques sur les Français expatriés au 31 décembre 2010
852:
1033:
829:
9,517 French expatriates came to polling stations in Dakar to vote in the
1813:
1443:
1419:
1356:
1235:
421:
862:
1590:
1548:
1088:
813:
ties with French society. Some of them developed health issues such as
152:
125:
1061:
1833:
1567:
282:
132:
107:
2005:
1933:
1736:
789:
706:
525:
379:
1311:
2029:
2000:
1995:
1484:
765:
701:
696:
543:
59:
2025:
1874:
1743:
769:
539:
386:
330:
74:
801:
865:(born 1989), French-Senegalese judoka (2015 African Games)
999:"Sénégal: election presidentielle francaise 2007 a dakar"
871:(born 1999), French-Senegalese swimmer (2020 Olympics)
1201:
White society in Black Africa: the French of Senegal
1141:
1116:
984:
2042:
1026:Senegal: a study in French assimilation policy
1327:
1251:
733:
1222:, Ph.D. dissertation, University of London,
1173:
1217:
1198:
1039:
972:
1334:
1320:
1265:
1258:
1244:
740:
726:
1023:
996:
960:
2043:
1067:
997:Mbengue, Cheikh Tidiane (2007-04-23),
948:
936:
924:
1315:
1239:
1054:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a096458
893:
779:
2011:Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico
1341:
712:Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico
13:
1137:
14:
2067:
1203:, Northwestern University Press,
836:
831:2007 French presidential election
2021:Overseas parts of France proper
1158:
1144:
535:Overseas parts of France proper
58:
1017:
990:
978:
966:
954:
942:
930:
918:
752:There is a small community of
1:
1218:O'Brien, Rita Cruise (1969),
1199:O'Brien, Rita Cruise (1972),
798:Senegal achieved independence
1174:Grisar-Kassé, Karen (2006),
887:
7:
2024:Migration of minorities in
875:
824:
538:Migration of minorities in
10:
2072:
2019:
1988:
1947:
1921:
1723:
1685:
1654:
1618:
1349:
1271:
1068:Keller, Kathleen (2008),
1024:Crowder, Michael (1962),
32:
27:
2051:Ethnic groups in Senegal
1403:Central African Republic
1028:, Taylor & Francis,
882:France–Senegal relations
819:staphylococcal infection
754:French people in Senegal
692:People of French descent
23:French people in Senegal
1077:French Colonial History
762:Les Français au Sénégal
609:Cultural Heritage sites
16:Ethnic group in Senegal
1266:Immigration to Senegal
1183:, Ph.D. dissertation,
1864:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1800:Franco-Newfoundlander
1439:Republic of the Congo
857:First Lady of Senegal
847:First Lady of Senegal
772:'s rule as a part of
687:List of French people
457:Franco-Newfoundlander
313:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1677:United Arab Emirates
1185:Bielefeld University
221:United Arab Emirates
855:(born 1932), third
845:(1925-2019), first
815:meningoencephalitis
324:French Louisianians
24:
1384:French Upper Volta
1089:10.1353/fch.0.0005
985:Perret et al. 2000
939:, pp. 107–108
774:French West Africa
255:Germany (pre-1918)
69:Native communities
46:of articles on the
22:
2038:
2037:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
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1767:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1716:
1704:
1594:
1552:
1498:
1456:French Somaliland
1309:
1308:
780:Migration history
768:'s history under
750:
749:
629:History of France
466:
459:
452:
445:
438:
431:
424:
417:
410:
403:
396:
389:
382:
368:
361:
354:
347:
340:
333:
326:
251:
241:
156:
129:
37:
36:
2063:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1882:French Canadians
1880:
1873:
1819:
1812:
1807:Franco-Yukonnais
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1772:Franco-Manitoban
1770:
1765:Franco-Columbian
1763:
1758:Franco-Albertans
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1710:
1698:
1588:
1546:
1492:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1313:
1312:
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1163:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1133:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1099:, archived from
1074:
1064:
1036:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1009:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:
934:
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922:
916:
915:
914:
913:
907:Senate of France
897:
742:
735:
728:
462:
455:
448:
443:Franco-Yukonnais
441:
436:Franco-Columbian
434:
427:
420:
415:Franco-Manitoban
413:
408:Franco-Ontarians
406:
399:
392:
385:
378:
364:
357:
350:
343:
338:French Canadians
336:
329:
322:
245:
235:
150:
123:
62:
39:
38:
28:Total population
25:
21:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2056:French diaspora
2041:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2022:
2015:
1984:
1943:
1917:
1834:French Antilles
1786:Franco-Ontarian
1779:Franco-Nunavois
1719:
1681:
1650:
1614:
1603:French Togoland
1561:Colony of Niger
1396:French Cameroon
1345:
1343:French diaspora
1340:
1310:
1305:
1267:
1264:
1211:
1180:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:Further reading
1119:Med Trop (Mars)
1109:
1107:
1103:
1072:
1042:African Affairs
1020:
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1007:
1005:
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991:
983:
979:
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947:
943:
935:
931:
923:
919:
911:
909:
899:
898:
894:
890:
878:
869:Jeanne Boutbien
843:Colette Senghor
839:
827:
782:
746:
717:
716:
682:
674:
673:
649:
639:
638:
634:Napoleonic wars
624:
614:
613:
559:
549:
548:
536:
464:Franco-Nunavois
429:Franco-Albertan
283:French Antilles
100:
90:
89:
70:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2069:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2036:
2035:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2003:
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1986:
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1982:
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1972:
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1962:
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1944:
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1941:
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1918:
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1892:
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1803:
1796:
1789:
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1708:United Kingdom
1705:
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1499:
1495:White Ghanaian
1489:
1488:
1487:
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1472:
1471:
1470:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1436:
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1434:
1432:French Comoros
1424:
1423:
1422:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1372:French Dahomey
1364:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1316:
1307:
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1169:
1166:Senegal portal
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1134:
1125:(4): 375–377,
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1048:(290): 85–94,
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989:
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872:
866:
860:
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838:
837:Notable people
835:
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781:
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764:), reflecting
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1934:New Caledonia
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1793:Franco-TĂ©nois
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1724:North America
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1512:CĂ´te d'Ivoire
1510:
1506:
1505:French Guinea
1503:
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1247:
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1152:France portal
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1106:on 2012-03-24
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1038:
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1021:
1004:
1003:Sud Quotidien
1000:
993:
987:, p. 375
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974:
969:
962:
957:
951:, p. 109
950:
945:
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927:, p. 108
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794:
791:
786:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
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755:
743:
738:
736:
731:
729:
724:
723:
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623:
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582:
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570:
567:
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562:
561:
558:
553:
552:
547:
545:
541:
532:
529:
527:
526:New Caledonia
524:
522:
519:
518:
517:
516:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
475:
474:
473:South America
465:
461:
458:
454:
451:
450:Franco-TĂ©nois
447:
444:
440:
437:
433:
430:
426:
423:
419:
416:
412:
409:
405:
402:
398:
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367:
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353:
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328:
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318:United States
316:
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301:
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296:
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286:
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281:
279:
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272:North America
266:
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85:
81:
78:
76:
73:
72:
66:
65:
61:
57:
56:
53:
52:French people
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
33:16,817 (2010)
31:
26:
2023:
1697:Netherlands
1586:South Africa
1572:
1527:French Sudan
1480:James Island
1468:French Gabon
1408:Ubangi-Shari
1379:Burkina Faso
1296:Mauritanians
1285:
1219:
1200:
1176:
1122:
1118:
1108:, retrieved
1101:the original
1080:
1076:
1045:
1041:
1025:
1018:Bibliography
1006:, retrieved
1002:
992:
980:
975:, p. 85
973:O'Brien 1974
968:
963:, p. 81
961:Crowder 1962
956:
944:
932:
920:
910:, retrieved
901:
895:
853:Viviane Wade
828:
811:
806:
795:
787:
783:
761:
753:
751:
584:Architecture
537:
514:
513:
472:
471:
271:
270:
244:Netherlands
226:
225:
192:
191:
160:
159:
148:South Africa
137:
102:
19:Ethnic group
1939:New Zealand
1859:Puerto Rico
1814:Fransaskois
1655:Middle East
1444:Brazzaville
1420:French Chad
1083:: 103–130,
949:Keller 2008
937:Keller 2008
925:Keller 2008
859:(2000-2012)
849:(1960-1980)
531:New Zealand
422:Fransaskois
308:Puerto Rico
193:Middle East
2045:Categories
1591:Afrikaners
1578:Seychelles
1549:Afrikaners
1517:Madagascar
1475:The Gambia
1301:Vietnamese
1110:2015-11-02
1008:2011-06-24
912:2011-06-24
569:Literature
153:Afrikaners
143:Seychelles
126:Afrikaners
113:Madagascar
1955:Argentina
1929:Australia
1889:Huguenots
1839:Guatemala
1821:Québécois
1713:Huguenots
1701:Huguenots
1626:Hong Kong
1534:Mauritius
1216:Based on
1193:282989058
1097:1539-3402
888:Footnotes
807:métropole
521:Australia
509:Venezuela
479:Argentina
401:Québécois
345:Huguenots
288:Guatemala
248:Huguenots
238:Huguenots
167:Hong Kong
118:Mauritius
2006:Walloons
1989:See also
1970:Colombia
1903:Corsican
1737:Acadians
1646:Pakistan
1451:Djibouti
1391:Cameroon
1291:Lebanese
1228:59607712
1131:11436594
876:See also
863:LĂ©a Buet
825:Politics
790:Bordeaux
707:Walloons
647:Language
564:Religion
494:Colombia
380:Acadians
359:Corsican
267:Portugal
187:Pakistan
122:Namibia
98:Diaspora
44:a series
42:Part of
2030:Basques
2001:Bretons
1996:Basques
1980:Uruguay
1922:Oceania
1849:Jamaica
1693:Hungary
1667:Lebanon
1610:Tunisia
1582:Somalia
1573:Senegal
1568:RĂ©union
1544:Namibia
1539:Morocco
1501:Guinea
1485:Albreda
1427:Comoros
1357:Algeria
1281:Chinese
766:Senegal
702:Bretons
697:Basques
669:Romance
659:Walloon
622:History
604:Symbols
594:Cuisine
557:Culture
544:Basques
515:Oceania
504:Uruguay
298:Jamaica
260:Hungary
211:Lebanon
138:Senegal
133:RĂ©union
108:Algeria
2028:(i.e.
2026:France
1960:Brazil
1910:Basque
1896:Breton
1875:Cajuns
1854:Mexico
1751:Basque
1744:Brayon
1731:Canada
1686:Europe
1672:Turkey
1662:Israel
1491:Ghana
1362:Angola
1350:Africa
1286:French
1226:
1207:
1191:
1129:
1095:
1062:720983
1060:
1034:503691
1032:
770:France
758:French
664:Breton
654:French
579:Cinema
542:(i.e.
540:France
484:Brazil
394:Basque
387:Brayon
374:Canada
366:Basque
352:Breton
331:Cajuns
303:Mexico
227:Europe
216:Turkey
199:Israel
103:Africa
75:France
1965:Chile
1844:Haiti
1641:Korea
1636:Japan
1631:India
1556:Niger
1463:Gabon
1367:Benin
1181:(PDF)
1104:(PDF)
1073:(PDF)
1058:JSTOR
802:Dakar
796:When
681:Other
599:Dress
589:Sport
574:Music
489:Chile
293:Haiti
264:Spain
182:Korea
177:Japan
172:India
84:Aosta
80:Italy
1975:Peru
1829:Cuba
1619:Asia
1598:Togo
1522:Mali
1415:Chad
1224:OCLC
1205:ISBN
1189:OCLC
1127:PMID
1093:ISSN
1030:OCLC
499:Peru
278:Cuba
204:Jews
161:Asia
1085:doi
1050:doi
2047::
1187:,
1123:60
1121:,
1091:,
1079:,
1075:,
1056:,
1046:73
1044:,
1001:,
905:,
833:.
817:,
809:.
776:.
760::
1715:)
1711:(
1703:)
1699:(
1593:)
1589:(
1551:)
1547:(
1497:)
1493:(
1335:e
1328:t
1321:v
1259:e
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1245:v
1087::
1081:9
1052::
756:(
741:e
734:t
727:v
250:)
246:(
240:)
236:(
155:)
151:(
128:)
124:(
86:)
82:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
