400:
570:
845:
31:
52:
620:
on 1 September, though the ship was still not yet complete. Installation of her propulsion system, which had begun on 28 May, was not finished until 15 October. The ship thereafter carried out her initial testing, including full-power tests on 9 March 1880. She was pronounced completed the following
732:, a few miles south of Tamatave. The men ashore fortified their positions with guns taken from the ships as Merina forces gathered to evict them, though neither side had sufficient strength to launch a major offensive. In August, France dispatched a force of 700 men aboard the transport
910:. The ships were mobilized in June to take part in limited training exercises. The ships were kept in commission for the mandatory 28 days, and were sent to sea individually for training; no organized maneuvers were held that year.
762:
sent a landing party ashore to assist the
Sakalavan garrison and both ships provided gunfire support. The two ships were still there on 31 December, when their gunfire helped to turn back another Merina attack on the city.
713:, after which Pierre ordered a bombardment of the city. The ships opened fire at around 06:30 and set fire to the town, and after thirty minutes, slowed their fire to one shell every five minutes. After 08:15, the
432:
that carried a heavier armament than earlier vessels, while maintaining a similar size to keep costs from increasing during a period of limited naval budgets. The design for the ships was drawn up by
742:
to strengthen the garrison at
Tamatave. The stalemate there continued and in late October, the French and Merina governments entered into negotiations, though fighting continued. On 16 November,
976:
599:
78:
642:
831:
899:
825:
662:
943:
931:
671:
819:
809:
694:
680:
720:
On 11 June, Pierre sent ashore a landing party of 600 men drawn from his ships, which covered their seizure of the coastal fort at
Tamatave. The next day,
656:
937:
625:
was reactivated on 14 August 1880 for further trials, after having had her original screw replaced. Further testing was carried out from 13 to 16 December.
766:
French forces continued to be drawn into the campaign, and by June 1884, some 1,200 soldiers had been sent to the island; the French squadron consisted of
433:
633:
She lay out of service until 3 October 1881, when she was placed back in commission for a deployment to the Indian Ocean, where she was to replace
1496:
1021:
between 1897 and 1899. She served in that capacity at
Rochefort until 1914. She remained in the harbor there until 1920, when she was sold to be
729:
510:(26.9 km/h; 16.7 mph). At a more economical speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph), the ship could steam for 4,800
1580:
337:, and they carried a relatively heavy battery of fifteen 138.6 mm (5.46 in) guns, and could steam at a speed of 14.5
1444:
1413:
1319:
647:
with
Admiral Pierre to lead an expedition to invade the island. By April 1883, Pierre had organized a squadron that included
1489:
717:
was slowed further to one shot per hour, as the government forces had withdrawn to a camp about three miles from shore.
541:, while the remaining three guns were in pivot mounts firing through embrasures. A pair of 37 mm (1.5 in)
1238:
1601:
533:, one was atop the stern, and the remainder were placed in an amidships battery on the upper deck, six guns per
1606:
1482:
482:. Her crew amounted to 264 officers and enlisted men. The ship's propulsion system consisted of a single
698:
350:
1565:
890:
803:
1556:
905:
798:
on 17 December 1885. By 1886, the French squadron operating off
Madagascar also included the cruisers
737:
1519:
925:
437:
420:
were ordered under the auspices of the naval plan of 1872, which was laid out to modernize the
399:
334:
1540:
1505:
868:
867:
to participate in the large-scale fleet maneuvers of 1890, but after the unprotected cruiser
483:
447:
414:
404:
394:
323:
237:
182:
1308:
499:
217:
1533:
966:
896:
787:
8:
1611:
960:
521:
of fifteen 138.6 mm (5.46 in) M1870M 21.3-caliber guns. Two were placed in the
459:
429:
425:
319:
20:
701:
by bombarding government positions there. Pierre then sailed with the squadron to join
613:
1463:
1440:
1409:
1375:
1315:
1294:
1273:
1252:
1010:
981:, and six gunboats. The following year, the strength of the unit was reduced to just
957:
534:
1247:
922:
914:
794:
was not involved in any major operations. A peace treaty was finally signed aboard
605:
491:
370:
211:
844:
569:
30:
1455:
1388:
1363:
1347:
1330:
1286:
1265:
1242:
755:
487:
451:
243:
778:, five gunboats, and several avisos and transports. The ships enacted a limited
1427:. Information From Abroad. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office: 225–278.
1014:
706:
609:
358:
1379:
1595:
1467:
1432:
1298:
1277:
1256:
1022:
1006:
878:
558:
542:
511:
495:
374:
303:
278:
255:
864:
754:, where they blocked an attempt by Merina forces to seize the queen of the
714:
550:
546:
518:
455:
1474:
1018:
921:, from 1892 to 1896. During this period, in 1894, the unit also included
859:
returned to France. She was overhauled in 1888 and received new boilers.
593:
507:
421:
378:
342:
338:
330:
266:
140:
709:
rejected on 9 June. The next day, the French consul in
Tamatave boarded
369:
returned to France in 1886, was modernized in 1888, and was deployed to
638:
621:
month, and on 21 April, she was placed in the 2nd category of reserve.
617:
537:. Of the broadside guns, the forward three on each side were placed in
522:
354:
281:(8,910 km; 5,540 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
918:
751:
554:
530:
526:
475:
471:
349:
was sent to the Indian Ocean, and in 1883–1885, she took part in the
1002:
877:
took her place in the maneuver fleet. The exercises took place off
783:
779:
690:
503:
467:
362:
221:
170:
790:. Fighting continued on the island through 1884 and 1885, though
677:
577:
538:
1437:
The
Development of a Modern Navy: French Naval Policy, 1871–1904
1306:
Campbell, N. J. M. (1979). "France". In
Gardiner, Robert (ed.).
549:. She also carried a pair of 86.5 mm (3.41 in) bronze
1374:(222). London: J. J. Keliher & Co.: 1031–1044 August 1896.
705:
at
Tamatave, where on 1 June he issued an ultimatum, which the
1017:
on 26 April 1897. She was thereafter converted into a mooring
668:
479:
463:
382:
166:
147:
1423:
Rodgers, Charles G. (1891). "The Naval Manoeuvres of 1890".
836:. The ships were supported by a pair of transport vessels.
782:
of the eastern coast of the island, including the ports of
600:
Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée
585:
345:
in 1876 and she was completed in 1880. The following year,
79:
Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée
1132:
381:, and used for storage 1914. She was eventually sold for
357:. During the conflict, she bombarded forces loyal to the
333:
in the 1870s. The ships were designed for service in the
863:
was not initially assigned to the ships that were to be
1387:
Oliver, S. Pasfield (June 1886). Jones, W. Gore (ed.).
1216:
1204:
1192:
1120:
1108:
1096:
454:
of 11.62 m (38 ft 1 in) and an average
1156:
1144:
436:. The vessels were intended to serve overseas in the
1454:
Thursfield, J. R. (1892). Brassey, Thomas A. (ed.).
1168:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1041:
1039:
1037:
377:
after returning to France in 1896, converted into a
1314:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 283–333.
1307:
1180:
1063:
913:She made a second deployment abroad, this time to
637:. In 1882, the French government decided to seize
1310:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
1075:
1034:
1593:
1393:Journal of the Royal United Services Institution
1352:Journal of the Royal United Services Institution
1335:Journal of the Royal United Services Institution
1051:
997:, and four gunboats. After returning to France,
885:was stationed at Brest, along with the cruisers
1368:Journal of the Royal United Service Institution
1399:(136). London: Harrison & Sons: 1071–1132.
1358:(164). London: Harrison & Sons: 1102–1108.
693:while he took the rest of his squadron to the
365:of ports controlled by the Merina government.
341:(26.9 km/h; 16.7 mph). The ship was
1490:
1406:French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914
1251:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 486–490.
1389:"French Operations in Madagascar, 1883–1885"
1341:(196). London: Harrison & Sons: 657–672.
597:
76:
1462:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 61–88.
1293:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 61–71.
1272:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 49–59.
641:as a colony, and the navy sent the cruiser
498:. Her machinery was rated to produce 2,160
1504:
1497:
1483:
458:of 5.1 m (16 ft 9 in). She
1013:on 17 July 1896. She was struck from the
490:. Steam was provided by six coal-burning
446:was 74.18 m (243 ft 4 in)
1284:
1263:
1237:
1210:
1198:
1138:
843:
568:
398:
19:For other ships with the same name, see
1362:
1222:
1594:
1581:List of unprotected cruisers of France
1453:
1174:
628:
299:15 Ă— 138.6 mm (5.46 in) guns
1478:
1348:"The French Naval Manoeuvres of 1891"
553:or a single 65 mm (2.6 in)
545:provided close-range defense against
373:from 1892 to 1896. She was placed in
181:74.18 m (243 ft 4 in)
48:
1439:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1346:Hale, Lonsdale, ed. (October 1891).
1305:
1243:"List of French Ships in Commission"
1069:
353:, France's first attempt to conquer
1435:(1987). Roberts, Stephen S. (ed.).
1422:
1403:
1328:
1186:
1150:
1090:
1045:
200:5.13 m (16 ft 10 in)
192:11.62 m (38 ft 1 in)
13:
1386:
1126:
1114:
1102:
564:
428:of 1870–1871. The navy sought new
14:
1623:
948:. In 1895, the unit consisted of
557:that could be sent ashore with a
1431:
1345:
1287:"Chapter III: Relative Strength"
1266:"Chapter III: Relative Strength"
1162:
1057:
514:(8,900 km; 5,500 mi).
50:
29:
16:French naval vessel of the 1880s
839:
494:that were ducted into a single
269:(27.2 km/h; 16.9 mph)
1329:Garbett, H., ed. (June 1894).
881:, from 6 to 13 July. In 1891,
474:) as designed. The ship had a
1:
1231:
736:, accompanied by the cruiser
403:Plan and profile view of the
302:2 Ă— 37 mm (1.5 in)
873:was damaged in an accident,
612:on 6 February 1879, and was
608:on 2 November 1876. She was
7:
1285:Brassey, Thomas A. (1896).
1264:Brassey, Thomas A. (1895).
971:, the unprotected cruisers
699:First Madagascar expedition
580:, probably in the mid-1880s
351:First Madagascar expedition
10:
1628:
1456:"Foreign Naval Manoeuvres"
1331:"Naval and Military Notes"
936:, along with the gunboats
517:The ship was armed with a
506:) for a top speed of 14.5
392:
361:and helped to institute a
18:
1576:
1551:
1515:
1425:The Year's Naval Progress
1404:Roberts, Stephen (2021).
543:Hotchkiss revolver cannon
388:
304:Hotchkiss revolver cannon
156:
43:
28:
1028:
728:sailed south to bombard
724:and the armed transport
424:in the aftermath of the
697:, where he started the
685:. On 7 May, Piere sent
157:General characteristics
1602:Villars-class cruisers
1408:. Barnsley: Seaforth.
852:
598:
581:
438:French colonial empire
413:The four ships of the
410:
335:French colonial empire
77:
1607:Ships built in France
1165:, pp. 1102–1103.
1129:, pp. 1078–1093.
1117:, pp. 1075–1077.
1105:, pp. 1071–1075.
897:coastal defense ships
851:in port, date unknown
847:
695:Ampasindava Peninsula
572:
484:compound steam engine
448:long at the waterline
402:
395:Villars-class cruiser
238:compound steam engine
788:Fenoarivo Atsinanana
500:indicated horsepower
430:unprotected cruisers
1153:, pp. 252–258.
1141:, pp. 487–489.
655:, and the cruisers
629:Madagascar campaign
478:and an overhanging
426:Franco-Prussian War
320:unprotected cruiser
21:French ship Forfait
958:protected cruisers
853:
582:
434:Victorin Sabattier
411:
1589:
1588:
1446:978-0-87021-141-6
1415:978-1-5267-4533-0
1321:978-0-85177-133-5
1060:, pp. 32–40.
973:Beautemps-Beaupré
776:Beautemps-Beaupré
707:Merina government
653:Beautemps-Beaupré
644:Beautemps-Beaupré
525:, firing through
492:fire-tube boilers
311:
310:
212:fire-tube boilers
1619:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1460:The Naval Annual
1450:
1428:
1419:
1400:
1383:
1359:
1342:
1325:
1313:
1302:
1291:The Naval Annual
1281:
1270:The Naval Annual
1260:
1248:The Naval Annual
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
915:French Indochina
830:, and the aviso
606:La Seyne-sur-Mer
603:
371:French Indochina
106:1 September 1879
82:
58:
55:
54:
53:
33:
26:
25:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1572:
1547:
1511:
1509:-class cruisers
1503:
1447:
1416:
1322:
1239:Brassey, Thomas
1234:
1229:
1225:, p. 1035.
1221:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1035:
1031:
855:Later in 1886,
842:
814:, the gunboats
631:
567:
565:Service history
488:screw propeller
397:
391:
244:screw propeller
205:Installed power
98:6 February 1879
90:2 November 1876
56:
51:
49:
39:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1625:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1562:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1451:
1445:
1433:Ropp, Theodore
1429:
1420:
1414:
1401:
1384:
1360:
1343:
1326:
1320:
1303:
1282:
1261:
1241:, ed. (1886).
1233:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1215:
1203:
1191:
1189:, p. 662.
1179:
1167:
1155:
1143:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1095:
1093:, p. 109.
1074:
1072:, p. 319.
1062:
1050:
1048:, p. 108.
1032:
1030:
1027:
1015:naval register
930:and the aviso
841:
838:
635:La Clocheterie
630:
627:
566:
563:
512:nautical miles
393:Main article:
390:
387:
359:Merina Kingdom
329:built for the
309:
308:
307:
306:
300:
295:
291:
290:
287:
283:
282:
275:
271:
270:
263:
259:
258:
253:
249:
248:
247:
246:
240:
232:
228:
227:
226:
225:
214:
206:
202:
201:
198:
194:
193:
190:
186:
185:
179:
175:
174:
163:
159:
158:
154:
153:
152:
151:
144:
136:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
120:
119:Out of service
116:
115:
114:14 August 1880
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
46:
45:
41:
40:
38:, date unknown
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1624:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1564:Followed by:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1555:Preceded by:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1508:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1364:"Naval Notes"
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1224:
1219:
1213:, p. 67.
1212:
1207:
1201:, p. 54.
1200:
1195:
1188:
1183:
1177:, p. 62.
1176:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1147:
1140:
1135:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1111:
1104:
1099:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1071:
1066:
1059:
1054:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
979:
978:Duquay-Trouin
974:
970:
969:
964:
963:
959:
956:, the modern
955:
951:
947:
946:
941:
940:
935:
934:
929:
928:
924:
920:
916:
911:
909:
908:
903:
902:
898:
894:
893:
888:
884:
880:
879:Brest, France
876:
872:
871:
866:
862:
858:
850:
846:
837:
835:
834:
833:Labourdonnais
829:
828:
823:
822:
817:
813:
812:
807:
806:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
740:
735:
731:
727:
723:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
683:
679:
675:
674:
670:
666:
665:
660:
659:
654:
650:
646:
645:
640:
636:
626:
624:
619:
615:
611:
607:
602:
601:
595:
591:
587:
579:
575:
571:
562:
560:
559:landing party
556:
552:
551:mountain guns
548:
547:torpedo boats
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
417:
409:
407:
401:
396:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
326:
321:
317:
316:
305:
301:
298:
297:
296:
293:
292:
288:
285:
284:
280:
276:
273:
272:
268:
264:
261:
260:
257:
256:Full ship rig
254:
251:
250:
245:
241:
239:
235:
234:
233:
230:
229:
223:
219:
215:
213:
209:
208:
207:
204:
203:
199:
196:
195:
191:
188:
187:
184:
180:
177:
176:
172:
168:
164:
161:
160:
155:
149:
145:
142:
139:
138:
137:
134:
133:
130:26 April 1897
129:
126:
125:
121:
118:
117:
113:
110:
109:
105:
102:
101:
97:
94:
93:
89:
86:
85:
81:
80:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
47:
42:
37:
32:
27:
22:
1566:
1557:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1506:
1459:
1436:
1424:
1405:
1396:
1392:
1371:
1367:
1355:
1351:
1338:
1334:
1309:
1290:
1269:
1246:
1218:
1211:Brassey 1896
1206:
1199:Brassey 1895
1194:
1182:
1170:
1158:
1146:
1139:Brassey 1886
1134:
1122:
1110:
1098:
1065:
1053:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
977:
972:
967:
961:
953:
949:
944:
938:
932:
926:
912:
906:
900:
891:
886:
882:
874:
869:
860:
856:
854:
848:
840:Later career
832:
826:
820:
815:
810:
804:
799:
795:
791:
775:
771:
767:
765:
759:
747:
743:
738:
733:
725:
721:
719:
715:rate of fire
710:
702:
686:
681:
672:
663:
657:
652:
648:
643:
634:
632:
622:
614:commissioned
604:shipyard in
589:
583:
573:
519:main battery
516:
502:(1,610
443:
442:
415:
412:
405:
366:
346:
324:
314:
313:
312:
220:(1,610
162:Displacement
122:17 July 1896
103:Commissioned
66:
35:
1223:Naval Notes
462:2,321
422:French Navy
331:French Navy
277:4,810
216:2,160
165:2,321
1612:1879 ships
1596:Categories
1380:1077860366
1232:References
1175:Thursfield
933:Inconstant
827:Capricorne
676:, and the
639:Madagascar
618:sea trials
531:chase guns
527:embrasures
523:forecastle
486:driving a
472:short tons
355:Madagascar
286:Complement
231:Propulsion
111:In service
1567:Iphigénie
1558:Lapérouse
1468:496786828
1299:496786828
1278:496786828
1257:496786828
1023:broken up
1011:Rochefort
919:East Asia
901:Fulminant
892:Éclaireur
865:mobilized
805:Lapérouse
752:Mahajanga
730:Ivondrona
673:Boursaint
664:Vaudreuil
616:to begin
594:laid down
555:field gun
535:broadside
468:long tons
460:displaced
450:, with a
385:in 1920.
343:laid down
252:Sail plan
171:long tons
146:Sold for
87:Laid down
1070:Campbell
1003:paid off
923:ironclad
895:and the
784:Mahanoro
780:blockade
756:Sakalava
750:were at
691:Tamatave
610:launched
596:at the
539:sponsons
470:; 2,558
363:blockade
294:Armament
127:Stricken
95:Launched
1528:Forfait
1521:Villars
1507:Villars
1339:XXXVIII
1187:Garbett
1151:Rodgers
1091:Roberts
1046:Roberts
1007:reserve
999:Forfait
983:Forfait
950:Forfait
907:TempĂŞte
883:Forfait
875:Forfait
861:Forfait
857:Forfait
849:Forfait
792:Forfait
768:Forfait
760:Forfait
744:Forfait
722:Forfait
711:Forfait
703:Forfait
687:Forfait
678:gunboat
649:Forfait
623:Forfait
590:Forfait
578:Algiers
574:Forfait
476:ram bow
466:(2,284
444:Forfait
416:Villars
406:Villars
375:reserve
367:Forfait
347:Forfait
325:Villars
322:of the
318:was an
315:Forfait
169:(2,284
73:Builder
67:Villars
44:History
36:Forfait
1542:Roland
1466:
1443:
1412:
1378:
1318:
1297:
1276:
1255:
1127:Oliver
1115:Oliver
1103:Oliver
987:Bayard
954:Bayard
945:Comète
927:Bayard
887:Nielly
870:Nielly
824:, and
821:Chacal
816:Picque
811:Limier
808:, and
800:NaĂŻade
796:NaĂŻade
772:NaĂŻade
748:Picque
739:NaĂŻade
734:Creuse
726:Nièvre
682:Picque
667:, the
496:funnel
389:Design
178:Length
150:, 1920
143:, 1897
141:Hulked
57:France
1560:class
1535:Magon
1029:Notes
1005:into
995:Alger
968:Alger
669:aviso
658:Flore
508:knots
480:stern
456:draft
418:class
408:class
383:scrap
339:knots
327:class
274:Range
267:knots
265:14.7
262:Speed
197:Draft
148:scrap
1464:OCLC
1441:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1376:OCLC
1356:XXXV
1316:ISBN
1295:OCLC
1274:OCLC
1253:OCLC
1163:Hale
1058:Ropp
1019:hulk
1001:was
991:Isly
975:and
965:and
962:Isly
942:and
939:Lion
904:and
889:and
786:and
746:and
661:and
592:was
588:for
586:keel
584:The
452:beam
379:hulk
242:1 Ă—
236:1 Ă—
210:6 Ă—
189:Beam
135:Fate
63:Name
1397:XXX
1009:at
917:in
689:to
576:at
529:as
289:264
279:nmi
218:ihp
183:lwl
1598::
1458:.
1395:.
1391:.
1372:XL
1370:.
1366:.
1354:.
1350:.
1337:.
1333:.
1289:.
1268:.
1245:.
1077:^
1036:^
1025:.
993:,
989:,
985:,
952:,
818:,
802:,
774:,
770:,
758:.
651:,
561:.
504:kW
440:.
222:kW
1498:e
1491:t
1484:v
1470:.
1449:.
1418:.
1382:.
1324:.
1301:.
1280:.
1259:.
464:t
224:)
173:)
167:t
23:.
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