7815:
7646:
79:
5846:
472:
7555:
1432:, who had announced his political retirement after the loss of his parliamentary seat in 1993, came back and proposed to "take stock" of Mitterrand's inheritance. For the first time, the party members were called to nominate their candidate for presidency. Benefiting from a good image in the polls, a strong loyalty to the party (as former First Secretary) and governmental experience (as former Education Minister, and the teachers were numerous and influential in the PS), he defeated Emmanuelli in the internal ballot. Then, he was defeated by
1566:, three main groups were present. The majority supported a moderate text and obtained 55%. Fabius's allies ("To Rally the Left") advocated more radical policies and gained 20%. Finally, another faction ("New Socialist Party") claimed it was necessary to renovate the party by proposing left-wing policies and a profound reform of French institutions. It obtained 25% of the vote. Virtually all factions agreed on a common agenda, broadly based on the moderate and pro-European majority's position with some left-wing amendments.
7123:
7470:
7618:
7333:
1584:
7829:
7843:
7597:
7305:
4555:
7291:
7242:
7759:
7516:
7502:
7403:
7389:
7361:
7081:
1887:, leaving it in 4th place in terms of seats, and with 7.44% of the 1st round vote. The Parliamentary left group that it dominated (with 30 out of 45 seats after the election, down from 280 out of 331 seats before) finished as the 3rd largest group in the National Assembly. Following the election, Cambadélis resigned from the post of first secretary and Rachid Temal was appointed as acting secretary. The Socialist group was ultimately refounded as the
7871:
7717:
7569:
7165:
7801:
7787:
7731:
7541:
7375:
7221:
7151:
7137:
7095:
7060:
7046:
7857:
7773:
7660:
7632:
7109:
7692:
7583:
7456:
7277:
7207:
1821:
7745:
7319:
7193:
1083:
7431:
7347:
7179:
4541:
7256:
4569:
7417:
4288:
4273:
4265:
4230:
4215:
4207:
4180:
4165:
4157:
4134:
4119:
4111:
4088:
4065:
4034:
4019:
4011:
3988:
3965:
3938:
3915:
3870:
3764:
3717:
3702:
3694:
3680:
3672:
3646:
3631:
3623:
3609:
3601:
3575:
3560:
3552:
3538:
3530:
3504:
3481:
3459:
3433:
3418:
3410:
3396:
3388:
3362:
3339:
3325:
3317:
3291:
3268:
3254:
3246:
3220:
3197:
3175:
3149:
3123:
3093:
3070:
3056:
3048:
3022:
3007:
2999:
2985:
2977:
2947:
2932:
2924:
2902:
2810:
2778:
2749:
2735:
2692:
2660:
2636:
2579:
2555:
2541:
2517:
2503:
253:
4073:
3973:
3923:
3893:
3878:
3489:
3467:
3347:
3276:
3205:
3183:
3131:
3078:
2910:
2706:
2622:
2593:
943:, which won the 1936 elections and brought Blum to power as France's first SFIO Prime Minister. Indeed, for the first time in its history, the SFIO obtained more votes and seats than the Radical Party and it formed the central axis of a left-wing parliamentary majority. Within a year, however, his government collapsed over economic policy and also over the issue of the
1327:, clearly abandoned any further socialist measures. The "Union of the Left" died and the Communist ministers resigned. Although there were two periods of mild economic reflation (first from 1984 to 1986 and again from 1988 to 1990), monetary and fiscal restraint was the essential policy orientation of the Mitterrand presidency from 1983 onwards.
1016:. Consequently, he was Prime Minister at the head of a minority government. But the party was in decline, as were the Radicals, and the left never came close to forming a united front. Indeed, this led Mollet to assert, "the Communist Party is not on the left, but in the East". The repressive policy of Mollet in the
1399:
Rocard became First
Secretary of the party, and was considered the "natural candidate" for the next presidential election. He called for a political "big bang", an agreement with the centre and the centre-right, but his efforts were in vain. One year later, his party obtained only 14% of votes at the
1493:
was focused on the theme of insecurity. Jospin, again the
Socialists' candidate, was eliminated in the first round due to there being too many left-wing candidates who split the vote. He announced his retirement from politics, and the PS called on its supporters to vote for Chirac in order to defeat
739:
from 2005 to 2013. Party membership has declined precipitously, standing at 22,000 members in 2021, down from 42,300 in 2016, 60,000 in 2014 and 173,486 members in 2012. However, before the start of the 2023 Marseille
Congress, the party announced that it had more than 41,000 members, almost double
1047:, a former minister of the Fourth Republic who had been a conservative, then a leftist independent. He was resolutely anti-Gaullist. Supported by all the left-wing parties, he obtained a good result and faced De Gaulle in an unexpected second ballot, becoming the leader of the non-Communist left.
882:
The French socialists were strongly anti-war, but following the assassination of Jaurès in 1914 they were unable to resist the wave of militarism which followed the outbreak of World War I. They suffered a severe split over participation in the wartime government of national unity. In 1919 the
1155:
conference, he explained the alliance of left-wing parties is a yearning of French left-wing voters. In this, the goal of his strategy was "to regain 3 million of the 5 million of PCF voters". The left, and notably the
Socialist Party, experienced an electoral recovery at the
1559:, where the proposed Constitution was rejected. Fabius was ejected from the executive office of the party. The split over the European Constitution, as well as party leaders' competing ambitions to win the presidential nomination in 2007, led the party into considerable disarray.
1720:, which happened in a very tense climate, the leaders of the factions failed to form a majority. Consequently, the PS members had to elect directly the next First Secretary. Disappointed by his result in the pre-vote, Delanoë renounced and called to vote for Aubry.
1641:
on 6 May 2007. Immediately after her defeat several party bosses (notably
Strauss-Kahn), held Ségolène Royal personally responsible for the unsuccessful campaign. At the same time, some personalities of the right wing of the party (such as
1536:) and in the four overseas regions. The party benefited from increasing frustration with right-wing parties. However, the Socialist Party has experienced considerable difficulty in formulating an alternative to right-wing policy.
1338:. He chose as Prime Minister the most popular and moderate of the Socialist politicians, Michel Rocard. His cabinet included four centre-right ministers but it was supported by only a plurality in the National Assembly elected in
1120:). During the Issy-les-Moulineaux Congress, Alain Savary was elected First Secretary with the support of his predecessor Guy Mollet. He proposed an "ideological dialogue" with the Communists. The new party inherited the old daily
5423:
4373:
1973–1995: fusion of PDS, MDSF and other splinter groups (Liberal
Socialist Movement, Democratic Socialism, Socialism for Liberties and Democracy) to form the Socialist Democratic Movement of France (MDS), renamed after the
1008:. Half of the SFIO parliamentary group voted "no", against the instructions of the party leaders. This led to the failure of the project. But later, Mollet got involved the SFIO in the build of a centre-left coalition, the
1198:, the Socialists scored better in the polls than the Communists, becoming the main left-wing party, but their defeat caused an internal crisis. Mitterrand's leadership was challenged by Rocard, who wanted to abandon the
4798:
1213:
Three major tendencies or factions emerged within the PS by the end of the
Seventies. One was represented by the Mitterrandists who wanted reform but not a complete break with capitalism. A second faction was led by
6594:
1878:
in the second round of the primary on 29 January 2017. Hamon finished fifth in the subsequent
Presidential election, with 6.36% of the vote. In the 2017 legislative election that followed the election of President
1250:
and, for the first time in their history, the French
Socialists won an absolute majority of the seats. This landslide victory for the Socialists took place to the detriment of the right-wing parliamentary parties
5213:
5142:
1171:, re-joined the PS. They represented the "left-wing Christian" and non-Marxist group. The most conservative members of the PS, they advocated an alignment of French socialism along the lines of European
1634:
On 16 November 2006, the members of the
Socialist Party chose Ségolène Royal to be their candidate with a majority of 60%. Her challengers, Strauss-Kahn and Fabius, obtained 21% and 19% respectively.
4359:
1791:
won the primary and ran as the official Socialist Party candidate for President of France. He narrowly defeated incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy, becoming president-elect of France on Sunday 6 May 2012.
924:
laid down by the Soviet Union, refused to support governments presiding over capitalist economies. The question of the possibility of a government participation with Radicals caused the split of "
1836:
not to seek a second term. It was also set against the fragmentation of the left between three major candidates, with polls indicating that the party's candidate would come in fifth, behind the
4333:
1917:
as new first secretary of the party; Faure announced the party would be in opposition to Macron and Philippe. Because of financial problems, the party was forced to sell its historical seat in
693:
6603:
1738:(16.3%). However, the PS strengthened its network of local elects in winning comfortably the 2010 departmental and regional elections. In September 2011, for the first time a Socialist,
5549:
5574:
1323:, and pursuing his socialist reforms. He chose the former, starting the Socialist Party's acceptance of the private market economy. In 1984, Mitterrand and his second Prime Minister,
1202:
which he considered archaic and unrealistic. Mitterrand felt that the left could not win without the alliance between the Socialists and the Communists. In 1979, Mitterrand won the
861:
who dominated the trade unions. Furthermore, the goal to rally all the Socialists in one single party was partially reached: some elects refused to join the SFIO and created the
4408:
4703:
4348:
1396:, the PS did poorly, returning to the levels of the SFIO in the 1960s. The Socialist group of the National Assembly numbered 53 deputies against 260 during the previous term.
4389:
1967:
1701:, who had the same electoral strategy as the Mayor of Paris but advocated reconciliation between the campaigners of the "yes" and the "no" to the European constitution; and
6599:
4404:
8433:
7974:
6893:
1179:. While the "Union of the Left" triumphed at the 1977 municipal election, the electoral rise of the PS worried the Communist Party. The two parties failed to update the
4489:
1794:
The idea for holding an open primary to choose the Socialist Party presidential candidate had first been suggested in 2008, by the independent left-leaning think tank
822:'s cabinet caused a debate about socialist participation in a "bourgeois government". Three years later, Jaurès, Allemane and the possibilists founded the possibilist
1288:. Workers' wages were increased and working hours reduced to 39, and many other sweeping reforms carried out, but the economic crisis continued. Reforms included the
1712:
In the pre-vote, the text of Royal arrived the first with 29%, followed by Delanoë (25%), Aubry (25%) and Hamon (19%). A part of the left wing split and founded the
5149:
6878:
1637:
After obtaining 25.87% of the vote in the first round of France's presidential elections, Royal qualified for the second round of voting but lost with 46.94% to
4772:
7002:
7896:
5503:
5449:
1137:), joined the party. Mitterrand defeated the Savary-Mollet duo by proposing an electoral programme with the Communists and took the lead. A new emblem, the
763:(1871) greatly reduced the power and influence of the socialist movements in France. Its leaders were killed or exiled. France's first socialist party, the
6103:
2042:
1032:(PSU). The SFIO returned to opposition in 1959. Discredited by its fluctuating policy during the Fourth Republic, it reached its lowest ebb in the 1960s.
39:
6855:
5364:
1334:. Nevertheless, Mitterrand was re-elected President in 1988 with a moderate programme entitled "United France". He proposed neither nationalisations nor
7999:
1569:
In anticipation of a Presidential primary and a special low membership rate, the party's membership grew from 127,000 to 217,000 between 2005 and 2006.
8236:
7901:
5963:
788:
5167:
5120:
1528:, the Socialists had a major comeback. In coalition with the former "Plural Left", they gained power in 20 of the 22 metropolitan regions (all except
920:. These governments failed because the Socialists and the Radicals could not agree on economic policy, and also because the Communists, following the
5903:
1723:
On 22 November 2008, it was announced that Aubry had defeated Royal by the narrow margin of 42 votes, and Royal asked for a recount. After checking,
5575:
https://www.politico.eu/article/france-election-results-2024-map-constituencies-emmanuel-macron-marine-le-pen-live-new-popular-front-national-rally/
3727:
1412:, the PS was affected by a leadership crisis. Rocard lost the most part of his followers after his 1994 electoral crash, Fabius was weakened by the
7559:
7021:
6632:
6587:
6580:
6573:
6566:
6224:
5530:
2379:
2138:
1815:
1755:
1578:
1004:
language without questioning the alliance with the centre and the centre-right. His leadership was shaken when the party divided in 1954 about the
732:
669:
327:
4337:
8004:
7969:
6922:
6627:
6622:
6190:
5885:
4582:
4326:
1055:
754:
740:
that of the previous count announced during the 2021 Villeurbanne Congress. At the end of July 2023, the Socialist Party claimed 45,000 members.
560:
177:
8443:
7989:
6350:
2150:
1832:, with a 4 percent approval rating, who announced on 1 December 2016 that he would not seek re-election, making him the first president of the
1631:, who was favoured according to the polls. Some Socialist leaders asked Jospin to return. He declared he was "available" then finally refused.
1556:
5553:
5106:
1734:, the PS did not succeed to benefit from the unpopularity of President Sarkozy. It obtained only 16.5% of the vote and only just got ahead of
1727:
was elected by a margin of 102 votes and 50.03% of votes. Denouncing frauds, Royal's team threatened to lodge a complaint before to renounce.
6243:
5959:
4433:, formerly (1991-1994) the Reflexion and Action Group for Guadeloupe (GRAP-G) faction inside the Guadeloupe federation of the Socialist Party
4363:
764:
94:
1345:
During his second term, Mitterrand focused on foreign policy and European integration. He convened a referendum for the ratification of the
8423:
7601:
1472:
5091:
7696:
4252:
4194:
4144:
4098:
4052:
3998:
3952:
3902:
3857:
3822:
1974:
1731:
1401:
835:
322:
302:
4648:"Political communication and European integration and the transformation of national public spheres: a comparison of Britain and France"
1828:
The Socialist Party decided to hold a presidential primary in 2017, against the backdrop of the unprecedented unpopularity of incumbent
6995:
6642:
6139:
4430:
1105:
185:
5382:
1330:
The PS lost its majority in the French National Assembly in 1986, forcing Mitterrand to "cohabit" with the conservative government of
7875:
2022:
1009:
1764:
Candidates for the presidency of France contested an open primary on 9 October 2011 to select the Socialist Party candidate for the
8361:
7281:
6121:
5476:
5409:
952:
876:
5214:""Il y a besoin de gauche" : à un an des élections européennes, le Parti socialiste engrange de nouveaux et jeunes adhérents"
989:
with the centre-left and the centre-right, against the Gaullists and the Communists. However, his candidate to lead of the SFIO,
8438:
8428:
8229:
7650:
7309:
5977:
656:, the first secretary of the party from 1997 to 2008, was elected president and the next month the party won a majority in the
17:
5680:
Cole, Alistair M. "Factionalism, the French socialist party and the fifth Republic: An explanation of intra‐party divisions."
7671:
7608:
6988:
6637:
4982:
4950:
4929:
4908:
4887:
4866:
4686:
4659:
1134:
661:
181:
4508:
4393:
8318:
7622:
7295:
6217:
4602:
4518:
947:. The fall of the Popular Front caused a new split from the SFIO, with the departure of the left wing of the party, led by
712:
5766:
Northcutt, Wayne (1991). "François Mitterrand and the Political Use of Symbols: The Construction of a Centrist Republic".
5618:
4799:"Officiellement intronisé premier secrétaire du PS, Olivier Faure promet une ligne "vraiment à gauche, vraiment réaliste""
4628:
1218:
and his supporters, who sought social democracy with a strong measure of autogestion, while a third faction formed around
8346:
8246:
7506:
7421:
6647:
6143:
6126:
4460:
1113:
532:
487:
189:
644:. The PS won most of regional and local elections and for the first time in more than fifty years it won control of the
8418:
7481:
7197:
7169:
7099:
7050:
6964:
4309:
2176:
4826:
8413:
8222:
7847:
7805:
7735:
7721:
7379:
7155:
7127:
6547:
6535:
6523:
6511:
6500:
6496:
6486:
6482:
6478:
5341:
5307:
4482:
2792:
2760:
2717:
2674:
2647:
2604:
2566:
2528:
2485:
2002:
1811:
1765:
1759:
1604:
1506:
1490:
1409:
1231:
1207:
1161:
1071:
1040:
689:
637:
627:
603:
591:
6898:
4918:
Hans-Peter Kriesi; Edgar Grande; Martin Dolezal; Marc Helbling; Dominic Höglinger; Swen Hutter; Bruno Wüest (2012).
865:, which supported socialist participation in liberal governments. Together with the Radicals, who wished to install
8295:
7749:
7393:
6135:
5969:
5758:
Northcutt, Wayne. "François Mitterrand and the political use of symbols: the construction of a centrist republic."
4378:
4375:
3734:
3659:
3588:
3517:
3446:
3375:
3304:
3233:
3162:
3110:
3035:
2964:
2889:
2441:
2058:
2018:
1807:
1650:
1461:
1424:
and a favourite according to the polls, but he declined due to the radicalisation of the party which prevented his
1393:
1339:
1301:
1195:
1191:
1157:
1063:
1029:
1013:
827:
697:
676:, from the left wing of the party, was designated as the Socialist candidate after defeating former Prime Minister
657:
623:
31:
4412:
7435:
7211:
6653:
6210:
6001:
4504:
4423:
4045:
2026:
1768:. The nominations for the candidacy were opened on 28 June. Though he had not officially declared his candidacy,
1436:
in the run-off election but, given the PS crisis, his result was judged good and he returned as First Secretary.
1413:
1389:
1122:
800:
214:
238:
7267:
7225:
6931:
6116:
6042:
5876:
5026:
4592:
1525:
442:
120:
5368:
1776:
was the polls' clear favorite to defeat the incumbent conservative president, Nicolas Sarkozy. But he faced a
1235:
7113:
5955:
1620:
1486:
resigned from the Cabinet. The Green and Communist allies were weakened by their governmental participation.
823:
46:
35:
6883:
6342:
2144:
8323:
7861:
7664:
7011:
6958:
6679:
6047:
2363:
1669:
1289:
568:
556:
315:
261:
50:
4441:
7791:
7407:
6131:
5008:
4493:
2257:
1903:
1773:
1297:
970:
724:
649:
428:
5854:
1824:
Rue de Solférino, a party seat in Paris which was sold to Apsys in December 2017 for 45.55 million euros
668:(rebels). On 1 December 2016, Hollande declined to seek re-election and the PS subsequently organized a
8341:
7573:
7545:
7365:
7337:
7141:
7064:
6918:
6107:
6022:
5795:
Ross, George (1995). "Machiavelli Muddling Through: The Mitterrand Years and French Social Democracy".
4382:
2833:
2046:
1949:
1899:
1884:
1599:
sitting in the front row at a meeting held on 6 February 2007 by the PS at the Carpentier Hall in Paris
1392:(MDC). Finally, many on the left were disappointed by the results of the Socialist governments. At the
1357:. The party was hit by scandals about its financing and weakened by the struggle between the heirs of "
1256:
1039:
and because De Gaulle's re-election appeared inevitable, the SFIO did not nominate a candidate for the
1005:
933:
929:
862:
701:
386:
4419:
2009:
obtained the worst presidential election result in the party's history, with 1.75% of the total vote.
1483:
1381:
1219:
7636:
7232:
7085:
7071:
5602:
4437:
4241:
4187:
4041:
3945:
3850:
3103:
2957:
1978:
1476:
1465:
1453:
1148:
619:
5424:"Anne Hidalgo obtains the worst presidential election result in the history of the Parti Socialiste"
4526:
2300:
1416:, the presidentiability of Emannuelli was questioned. The hope of some party members transferred to
8351:
8267:
8126:
8102:
7819:
7520:
7260:
6815:
6743:
6381:
5973:
4728:
4322:
1849:
1777:
1316:
1293:
1247:
772:
736:
615:
595:
310:
228:
6860:
8184:
6969:
6847:
6751:
6052:
5915:
4597:
1937:
1837:
1795:
1524:
with the support of the main Socialist personalities, against the left wing of the party. In the
1498:
1315:
As early as 1982, Mitterrand faced a clear choice between maintaining France's membership in the
1152:
819:
707:
Several figures who acted at the international level have also been members of the PS, including
576:
341:
5299:
1101:
939:
In 1934, the Communists changed their line, and the four left-wing parties came together in the
8285:
7777:
7554:
7246:
6952:
6870:
6170:
6111:
6098:
6067:
5909:
2192:
2030:
1941:
1910:
1769:
1698:
1616:
1588:
1445:
1252:
978:
963:
940:
888:
854:
716:
607:
552:
6474:
6262:
5199:
4938:
4898:
4856:
4676:
4647:
2490:
2080:
1044:
583:
135:
8333:
7911:
7460:
6775:
6424:
5228:
4919:
4877:
1833:
1683:
and his friends, who wished to keep the status quo of the 2007 campaign and come back to the
1540:
1505:, who had surprisingly advanced to the run-off. Two months later, the "Plural Left" lost the
1354:
1239:
1025:
956:
796:
548:
4471:
2420:
2212:
1990:
1898:(later renamed Génération.s). The Socialist Party abstained from the confidence vote on the
1863:
1552:
688:, Hamon failed to re-establish the PS leadership on the centre-left and finished 5th in the
685:
8390:
7936:
7323:
6671:
6184:
6077:
5988:
5386:
2367:
2216:
2045:. The Socialist Party was able to win 27 seats, becoming the second left-wing force in the
1948:. The motions obtained 63 ayes and failed to reach the quorum of 289 votes required in the
1653:, the Socialist Party won 186 out of 577 seats, and about 10 affiliated, gain of 40 seats.
1320:
1091:
986:
962:
After the liberation of France in 1944, the SFIO re-emerged in a coalition with a powerful
906:
In 1924 and in 1932, the Socialists joined with the Radicals in the Coalition of the Left (
572:
525:
337:
282:
6519:
6318:
2722:
2314:
2224:
2122:
1829:
1788:
1661:
1608:
1517:
1282:
the banks, the insurance industry and the defence industries, in accordance with the 1972
653:
8:
8394:
8290:
8112:
7241:
6507:
4475:
4467:
3789:
2679:
2424:
2412:
2408:
2220:
2184:
2034:
1945:
1867:
1713:
1628:
1596:
1449:
1421:
1243:
967:
808:
633:
587:
492:
414:
361:
6727:
4917:
4879:
The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus
2334:
2310:
1918:
1676:
1592:
917:
804:
354:
8386:
8196:
7828:
6164:
5869:
5845:
5804:
5783:
5733:
5292:
5256:
5069:
2330:
2288:
1495:
1444:
In the legislature, the PS reconstructed a coalition with other left-wing parties: the
1059:
1054:, leading the country, the SFIO, Radicals, and left-wing republican groups created the
1036:
908:
767:(FTSF), was founded in 1879. It was characterised as "possibilist" because it promoted
529:
482:
471:
286:
277:
8202:
7994:
6799:
5586:
4773:"Faut-il voir dans le virage à gauche d'Olivier Faure l'influence des insoumis ?"
4497:
1856:, former economy minister under Hollande who founded his centrist political movement,
1845:
913:
8254:
8149:
7758:
7474:
7351:
6783:
6695:
6456:
6440:
6032:
5737:
5504:"French left-wing alliance New Popular Front vows 'total break' with Macron policies"
5337:
5303:
5260:
5248:
5187:
5168:"Plus de 41 000 adhérents sont appelés à voter dans le cadre du Congrès de Marseille"
4946:
4925:
4904:
4883:
4862:
4746:
4682:
4655:
4456:
4245:
3773:
2318:
2306:
2265:
2249:
2200:
2062:
1986:
1895:
1502:
1346:
1272:
1021:
944:
720:
296:
78:
8262:
5666:
Cole, A., S. Meunier, and V. Tiberj. "From Sarkozy to Hollande: The New Normal?" in
2188:
826:, which supported participation in government, while Guesde and Vaillant formed the
8214:
8118:
8108:
7979:
7941:
7926:
6831:
6791:
6735:
6302:
6072:
5775:
5725:
5240:
5048:
4736:
4574:
2371:
2284:
2241:
2110:
1743:
1643:
1563:
1548:
1405:
1305:
1284:
1263:
1184:
1172:
1143:
871:
536:
266:
8167:
8161:
8049:
8024:
7946:
6416:
5994:
5670:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), edited by A. Cole, S. Meunier, and V. Tiberj, pp 1–18.
5531:"Hollande est-il "socialiste", "social-démocrate", "social-libéral" ou "libéral"?"
5294:
The Left's Dirty Job: The Politics of Industrial Restructuring in France and Spain
2387:
1350:
841:
8084:
8039:
8014:
7814:
7617:
6927:
6767:
6711:
6687:
6355:
5729:
4940:
4560:
4522:
2383:
2208:
2168:
Factions are organised in the Socialist Party through policy declarations called
1963:
1880:
1853:
1739:
1735:
1656:
After the winning March 2008 municipal election, the campaign with a view to the
1638:
1365:
1279:
1160:. Mitterrand, the candidate of the left-wing alliance, came close to winning the
1130:
1067:
981:, but it did not survive the Cold War. In May 1947, the Socialist Prime Minister
681:
645:
641:
540:
516:
508:
270:
7984:
7587:
6531:
6334:
4512:
4352:
4341:
2765:
2375:
2346:
2196:
2134:
1871:
1705:
1225:
673:
664:, poor opinion ratings and a splinter group of left-wing Socialist MPs known as
8369:
8096:
8090:
8078:
8034:
7763:
7469:
7122:
6980:
6839:
6823:
6807:
6759:
6400:
6286:
6036:
6007:
5983:
4607:
4587:
4367:
4295:
4237:
2404:
2396:
2296:
2280:
2237:
2098:
2038:
1982:
1933:
1926:
1888:
1717:
1694:
1657:
1612:
1544:
1521:
1433:
1417:
1373:
1331:
1324:
1176:
1051:
955:. The demoralised Left fell apart and was unable to resist the collapse of the
948:
896:
884:
831:
708:
611:
203:
125:
107:
5477:"France's Socialists have been punished for their intolerance | The Spectator"
4652:
The European Union and the Public Sphere: A Communicative Space in the Making?
2391:
1922:
1583:
1000:
Mollet was supported by the left wing of the party. Paradoxically, he spoke a
812:
8407:
8066:
8029:
8019:
6719:
6492:
6432:
6408:
6392:
6369:
6326:
6310:
6294:
6278:
6270:
5950:
5862:
5481:
5252:
4939:
Wolfgang Merkel; Alexander Petring; Christian Henkes; Christoph Egle (2008).
4750:
4546:
4445:
4397:
2609:
2400:
2354:
2342:
2326:
2322:
2292:
2276:
2261:
2253:
2245:
2156:
2128:
2116:
2104:
2092:
2086:
1914:
1841:
1772:, a prominent member of the Socialist Party and the managing director of the
1724:
1690:
1680:
1664:, who had announced he will not compete for another term as First Secretary:
1624:
1429:
1377:
1335:
1276:
1215:
1203:
1168:
1138:
1077:
982:
974:
850:
792:
780:
760:
599:
564:
400:
112:
99:
8374:
4741:
1035:
Both because of its opposition to the principle of presidential election by
883:
anti-war socialists were heavily defeated in elections. In 1920, during the
715:
from 1985 to 1994 and the first person to serve three terms in that office;
8190:
8155:
8072:
8044:
7916:
7906:
6703:
6543:
6448:
6254:
6082:
6027:
5927:
4900:
An Introduction to World Politics: Conflict and Consensus on a Small Planet
4708:
2797:
2416:
2350:
2338:
2269:
2228:
2137:(appointed on 30 June 2011, acting during Martine Aubry's candidacy in the
2074:
2006:
1875:
1117:
1109:
1024:'s come-back in 1958 (the party lead called to vote "yes" in referendum on
1017:
990:
925:
921:
866:
776:
677:
139:
5696:
Socialists and European integration: a study of the French Socialist Party
5244:
900:
838:(SFIO). Leader of the parliamentary group and director of the party paper
8277:
8143:
7921:
7645:
7332:
6202:
6177:
6012:
5884:
4803:
4452:
2358:
2204:
1684:
1539:
On 1 December 2004, 59% of Socialist Party members approved the proposed
1457:
1126:
from the SFIO, but it ceased publication soon after on 28 February 1970.
1050:
In order to exist between the Communist Party, leading the left, and the
912:), but refused to join the non-Socialist governments led by the Radicals
858:
728:
544:
5808:
5659:
Cole, Alistair. "The French Socialist Party and Its Radical Ambiguity."
5107:"Parti socialiste : 42.300 adhérents seraient à jour de cotisation"
4554:
1520:, who became First Secretary in 1997, was re-elected in 2003 during the
1206:, then, despite Rocard's popularity, was chosen as PS candidate for the
8009:
7964:
7931:
7842:
7596:
7304:
6016:
5933:
5710:
Crisis and decline: The French socialist party in the popular front era
4704:"French Socialists choose leftwing rebel Benoît Hamon for Élysée fight"
1858:
1668:
Ségolène Royal who wished to forge an alliance with the centrist party
1308:
of the state (1982–83 laws), repeal of price liberalization for books (
994:
985:
dismissed the Communist ministers. Blum proposed the construction of a
626:, a position Jospin held until 2002, when he was again defeated in the
223:
5787:
5166:
web, À propos de l'auteur Fabrice de Comarmond Facebook Twitter Site.
7290:
6947:
6057:
5331:
2233:
2180:
1966:
left the party together with other elected officials and founded the
1275:
trends of the preceding conservative governments. The Prime Minister
1268:
892:
784:
768:
1993:
at its head. The list scored 6.19% of votes and elected three MEPs.
1820:
1028:'s constitution) caused a split and the foundation of the dissident
887:, the majority and left wing of the party broke away and formed the
30:"Socialist Party of France" redirects here. Not to be confused with
8310:
7515:
7501:
7402:
7388:
7360:
7080:
5839:
5779:
1730:
After that, the public image of the party was deteriorated. In the
1425:
1385:
1309:
1082:
700:, securing just 26 seats, becoming the fourth-biggest group in the
594:. Under Mitterrand, the party achieved a governing majority in the
462:
5703:
Choice and democratic order: the French Socialist Party, 1937-1950
5647:
The French Socialist Party: The emergence of a party of government
5333:
Beyond Party Members: Changing Approaches to Partisan Mobilization
4968:
1479:
was instituted. However, the policy of privatisation was pursued.
1262:
Mitterrand attempted to carry out socialist-inspired reforms (the
547:" and used to be one of the two major political parties under the
7870:
7800:
7786:
7730:
7716:
7568:
7540:
7374:
7220:
7192:
7164:
7150:
7136:
7094:
7059:
7045:
6062:
4854:
1533:
1349:. He left domestic policy to his prime ministers: Michel Rocard,
1001:
879:
trade union claimed its independence from all political parties.
45:"French Socialist Party" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1646:) accepted to join the government nominated by Nicolas Sarkozy.
7856:
7772:
7691:
7659:
7631:
7582:
7455:
7430:
7346:
7276:
7206:
7178:
7108:
4851:
The Parti Socialiste is widely described as social-democratic:
1894:
On 1 July 2017, Hamon left the Socialist Party and founded the
1572:
1529:
973:(MRP). This alliance installed the main elements of the French
5640:
Exceptional Socialists: The Case of the French Socialist Party
4896:
4568:
1543:. However, several well-known members of the Party, including
1058:
under Mitterrand's leadership. But unable to benefit from the
799:, a symbol of the French revolutionary tradition, created the
7833:
7744:
7416:
7318:
7255:
4727:
De La Cerda, Nicolás; Gunderson, Jacob R. (7 November 2023).
4713:
4418:
1993–2002: Movement of Citizens (MDC), founded by the deputy
1968:
Alternative for a republican, ecologist and socialist program
1226:
Mitterrand's presidency and the exercise of power (1981–1995)
1222:
and the CERES group which stood for revolutionary socialism.
1190:
In spite of positive polls, the "Union of the Left" lost the
5716:
Grunberg, Gérard (2014). "Le Socialisme français en crise".
4729:"Are party families in Europe ideologically coherent today?"
2041:, disillusioned with the alliance, stood in the election as
1380:. Furthermore, a part of the left wing of the party, led by
660:. During his term, Hollande battled with high unemployment,
4827:"LE PARTI SOCIALISTE : À GAUCHE, MAIS AVEC QUI ?"
4400:, elected in 1993 as deputy with the endorsement of the PS.
807:. There were also some declared socialist deputies such as
692:, gathering only 6.36 percent of the votes. The party then
5450:"French left agrees rare coalition deal to take on Macron"
1883:, the Socialist party dropped from 280 to 30 seats in the
1164:. Indeed, he obtained 49.2% of votes in the second round.
1078:
Foundation of the PS and the Union of the Left (1969–1981)
2172:
on which the party members vote at each party congress:
1439:
966:(PCF), which became the largest left-wing party, and the
748:
598:
from 1981 to 1986 and again from 1988 to 1993. PS leader
5410:"French Socialists in chaos as Valls confronts Hollande"
2037:
and other minor left-wing parties. Some Socialists like
1300:
in legislative elections (which was applied only at the
543:
views. The PS was for decades the largest party of the "
1167:
At the end of 1974, some PSU members, including leader
1062:
events, it imploded after its disastrous defeat at the
830:, which opposed such co-operation. In 1905, during the
602:
lost his bid to succeed Mitterrand as president in the
563:(SFIO) in 1969 and is currently led by First Secretary
5746:
The Founding of the French Socialist Party (1893-1905)
5229:"« Le poing et la rose », la saga d'un logo"
1555:, asked the public for a "no" vote in the 29 May 2005
928:" at the beginning of the 1930s. They merged with the
5121:"PS : 60.000 militants PS à jour de cotisations"
4650:. In John Erik Fossum; Philip R. Schlesinger (eds.).
1408:, a "Mitterrandist" left-winger. One year before the
1141:, was adopted to signal change in 1971. In 1972, the
8244:
5675:
François Mitterrand: A study in political leadership
5383:"Pour une primaire à la Française | Terra Nova"
5280:
Mitterrand: A Political Biography by Wayne Northcutt
5028:
European Commission – Discover the former Presidents
4726:
4701:
4674:
4536:
1388:
and the Maastricht Treaty. This section created the
5336:(1 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 95.
5092:"Olivier Faure réélu à la tête du Parti socialiste"
5009:"French left seizes Senate majority, hurts Sarkozy"
4983:"Our national parties | Socialists & Democrats"
2061:, the party entered into a left-wing alliance, the
2021:, the party entered into a left-wing alliance, the
1977:, the Socialist Party formed a joint list with the
1475:reduced the working time to 35 hours a week, while
582:The PS first won power in 1981, when its candidate
8434:Full member parties of the Socialist International
5291:
5148:. Socialist Party. 12 October 2012. Archived from
4855:Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko; Matti Mälkiä, eds. (2007).
1955:In 2018, the New Left group changed its name into
4942:Social Democracy in Power: The Capacity to Reform
1404:. He was overthrown by a motley coalition led by
903:, kept the "old house" and remained in the SFIO.
875:) without to sit in the government. In 1906, the
8405:
7022:Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
7010:
6633:Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance
2139:2011 French Socialist Party presidential primary
1816:2017 French Socialist Party presidential primary
1756:2011 French Socialist Party presidential primary
1579:2006 French Socialist Party presidential primary
1187:denounced a "turn towards the Right" of the PS.
1094:, the SFIO was replaced by the Socialist Party (
328:Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
6628:Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left
6191:Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left
5824:France Votes: The Election of François Hollande
5407:
5104:
4875:
4329:(SFIO), the predecessor of the Socialist Party.
1619:(who claimed to represent "social democracy"),
1464:and Jospin became Prime Minister of the third "
1056:Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left
5619:Guadeloupe Unie, Socialisme et Réalités (GUSR)
1557:French referendum on the European Constitution
1043:. Consequently, it supported the candidacy of
869:, the SFIO was a component of the Left Block (
771:. Two parties split off from it: in 1882, the
8230:
6996:
6218:
6104:Socialist Party of France – Jean Jaurès Union
5960:Federation of the Socialist Workers of France
5870:
5552:(in French). Parti socialiste. Archived from
2052:
2012:
1996:
1902:. The party later elected 78 senators in the
1801:
1749:
1660:started. Some candidates proposed to succeed
889:French Section of the Communist International
765:Federation of the Socialist Workers of France
640:, was defeated by conservative UMP candidate
40:Socialist Party of France – Jean Jaurès Union
6623:French Section of the Workers' International
5887:French Section of the Workers' International
5367:. Uk.reuters.com. 9 May 2011. Archived from
5098:
4645:
4629:"Vies et morts du Parti socialiste français"
4583:French Section of the Workers' International
4327:French Section of the Workers' International
3136:
2815:
2783:
2665:
1573:2007 presidential election and its aftermath
1482:His coalition dissolved when the MDC leader
1095:
839:
755:French Section of the Workers' International
561:French Section of the Workers' International
559:in the early 2000s. It replaced the earlier
66:
5365:"France's Sarkozy may not make 2012 runoff"
5289:
4668:
1603:Many potential candidates appeared for the
836:French Section of the Workers International
818:In 1899, the participation of Millerand in
8237:
8223:
7003:
6989:
6643:Union of Clubs for the Renewal of the Left
6232:
6225:
6211:
6140:Union of Clubs for the Renewal of the Left
5877:
5863:
5844:
5654:François Mitterrand: a political biography
5084:
4924:. Cambridge University Press. p. 52.
4639:
4431:United Guadeloupe, Socialism and Realities
1940:against the government, together with the
1106:Union of Clubs for the Renewal of the Left
846:, Jaurès was its most influential figure.
470:
8069:(VP and High Representative of the Union)
5765:
5070:"Previous GATT and WTO Directors-General"
4903:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 218.
4897:Richard Collin; Pamela L. Martin (2012).
4740:
4626:
3788:
2832:
1870:. The primary was won by Socialist rebel
1070:was eliminated in the first round of the
5715:
5474:
5298:. University of Pittsburgh Pre. p.
4702:Chrisafis, Angelique (29 January 2017).
4511:), led by former presidential candidate
1819:
1582:
1471:His policy was broadly progressive. The
1246:by universal suffrage. He dissolved the
1081:
303:New Ecological and Social People's Union
5329:
5227:Cépède, Frédéric (January–March 1996).
5113:
5019:
5007:Bremer, Catherine (25 September 2011).
4695:
4360:Socialist Democratic Movement of France
1512:
1384:split off due to his opposition to the
1372:group" split between the supporters of
1319:, and thus the country's commitment to
1238:, to become the first socialist of the
555:in the late 20th century, and with the
14:
8406:
5964:Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party
5682:European Journal of Political Research
5661:French Politics, Culture & Society
5645:Bell, David Scott, and Byron Criddle.
5283:
5226:
5006:
4733:European Journal of Political Research
3781:
2023:New Ecologic and Social People's Union
1440:Jospin and the Plural Left (1995–2002)
789:Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party
749:French socialist movement and the SFIO
8444:Political parties established in 1969
8218:
8105:(VP for Interinstitutional Relations)
6984:
6638:Convention of Republican Institutions
6206:
6122:Workers and Peasants' Socialist Party
5858:
5375:
4861:. Idea Group Inc (IGI). p. 397.
4770:
4351:(PSG), founded by the former senator
1175:, that is, a clear acceptance of the
1135:Convention of Republican Institutions
1066:. One year later, the SFIO candidate
953:Workers and Peasants' Socialist Party
515:
5794:
5528:
5408:Pierre Briançon (28 November 2016).
5123:. Parti socialiste. 30 November 2014
5105:Ludovic Galtier (30 November 2016).
4921:Political Conflict in Western Europe
4678:Political Parties and Euroscepticism
4603:Workers and Peasants Socialist Party
2825:
2068:
2001:In the first round of voting in the
849:The party was hemmed in between the
713:president of the European Commission
8424:Social democratic parties in Europe
8347:Union of Democrats and Independents
6648:Union of Socialist Groups and Clubs
6144:Union of Socialist Groups and Clubs
5638:Bell, David S., and Byron Criddle.
5603:Parti Martiniquais Socialiste (PMS)
5330:Scarrow, Susan (27 November 2014).
4681:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 171.
4461:Union of Democrats and Independents
4315:
2430:
1615:(from the left wing of the party),
1259:), as well as the Communist Party.
1114:Union of Socialist Groups and Clubs
1112:) and left-wing republican groups (
959:after the military defeat of 1940.
680:. Facing the emergence of centrist
443:Presidency of Departmental Councils
24:
5631:
5233:Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire
4858:Encyclopedia of Digital Government
4310:Socialist Federation of Martinique
25:
8455:
5831:
5753:Mitterrand: A political biography
5668:Developments in French Politics 5
5143:"PS: Résultats officiels validés"
4627:Priestley, Pascal (11 May 2017).
2442:Presidency of the French Republic
2003:2022 French presidential election
1874:, who defeated ex-Prime Minister
1812:2017 French presidential election
1778:sex assault complaint in New York
1760:2012 French presidential election
1732:2009 European Parliament election
1402:1994 European Parliament election
1133:, pro-François Mitterrand clubs (
815:who did not belong to any party.
795:. At the same time, the heirs of
662:multiple Jihadi terrorist attacks
377:"Il faut tourner la page" (2010–)
7869:
7855:
7841:
7827:
7813:
7799:
7785:
7771:
7757:
7743:
7729:
7715:
7690:
7658:
7644:
7630:
7616:
7595:
7581:
7567:
7553:
7539:
7514:
7500:
7468:
7454:
7429:
7415:
7401:
7387:
7373:
7359:
7345:
7331:
7317:
7303:
7289:
7275:
7254:
7240:
7219:
7205:
7191:
7177:
7163:
7149:
7135:
7121:
7107:
7093:
7079:
7058:
7044:
5817:Mitterrand: A Study in Ambiguity
5718:Modern & Contemporary France
5547:
5475:Mortimer, Gavin (13 June 2022).
4567:
4553:
4539:
4287:
4286:
4272:
4271:
4264:
4263:
4229:
4228:
4214:
4213:
4206:
4205:
4179:
4178:
4164:
4163:
4156:
4155:
4133:
4132:
4118:
4117:
4110:
4109:
4087:
4086:
4071:
4064:
4063:
4033:
4032:
4018:
4017:
4010:
4009:
3987:
3986:
3971:
3964:
3963:
3937:
3936:
3921:
3914:
3913:
3891:
3876:
3869:
3868:
3763:
3762:
3716:
3715:
3701:
3700:
3693:
3692:
3679:
3678:
3671:
3670:
3645:
3644:
3630:
3629:
3622:
3621:
3608:
3607:
3600:
3599:
3574:
3573:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3550:
3537:
3536:
3529:
3528:
3503:
3502:
3487:
3480:
3479:
3465:
3458:
3457:
3432:
3431:
3417:
3416:
3409:
3408:
3395:
3394:
3387:
3386:
3361:
3360:
3345:
3338:
3337:
3324:
3323:
3316:
3315:
3290:
3289:
3274:
3267:
3266:
3253:
3252:
3245:
3244:
3219:
3218:
3203:
3196:
3195:
3181:
3174:
3173:
3148:
3147:
3129:
3122:
3121:
3092:
3091:
3076:
3069:
3068:
3055:
3054:
3047:
3046:
3021:
3020:
3006:
3005:
2998:
2997:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2975:
2946:
2945:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2922:
2908:
2901:
2900:
2809:
2808:
2777:
2776:
2748:
2747:
2734:
2733:
2704:
2691:
2690:
2659:
2658:
2635:
2634:
2620:
2591:
2578:
2577:
2554:
2553:
2540:
2539:
2516:
2515:
2502:
2501:
2059:2024 French legislative election
2019:2022 French legislative election
1936:, the Socialist Party entered a
1921:and moved into a smaller one in
1808:2017 French legislative election
1787:Eventually, former party leader
1693:, supported by the followers of
1651:2007 National Assembly elections
636:, the party's candidate for the
252:
251:
77:
32:Socialist Party of France (1902)
5689:Léon Blum: humanist in politics
5611:
5595:
5579:
5568:
5541:
5522:
5496:
5468:
5442:
5416:
5401:
5357:
5323:
5274:
5220:
5206:
5165:
5159:
5135:
5062:
5041:
5000:
4975:
4961:
4424:Citizen and Republican Movement
4381:(PSD), joined the centre-right
4376:March 1973 legislative election
1957:Socialists and affiliated group
1390:Citizen and Republican Movement
1064:June 1968 legislative elections
1012:, which won a plurality in the
877:General Confederation of Labour
834:, the two groups merged in the
801:Central Revolutionary Committee
429:Presidency of Regional Councils
6117:Internationalist Workers Party
6043:National Council of Resistance
4845:
4819:
4791:
4771:David, Romain (12 July 2022).
4764:
4720:
4620:
4593:Socialist and Republican group
4455:(LGM), founded by the senator
4303:
4072:
3972:
3922:
3892:
3877:
3488:
3466:
3346:
3275:
3204:
3182:
3130:
3077:
2909:
2705:
2621:
2592:
1742:, was elected Chairman of the
13:
1:
8439:1969 establishments in France
8429:Centre-left parties in Europe
5978:Socialist Revolutionary Party
5529:Arié, Elie (5 January 2014).
4987:www.socialistsanddemocrats.eu
4675:Liubomir K. Topaloff (2012).
4613:
4519:Republican and Socialist Left
2435:
2049:, after La France Insoumise.
1862:, and left-wing ex-Socialist
1784:eliminated from the primary.
1562:In November 2005, during the
1100:or PS). It was joined by pro-
47:French Socialist Party (1902)
36:French Socialist Party (1919)
8121:(International Partnerships)
7012:Party of European Socialists
6680:Issy-les-Moulineaux Congress
6048:Issy-les-Moulineaux Congress
5730:10.1080/09639489.2014.957961
5591:Website of the French Senate
4833:(in French). 25 January 2023
4349:Guadeloupean Socialist Party
4334:Party of Socialist Democracy
1234:the incumbent conservative,
1147:was signed with the PCF and
1129:Two years later, during the
694:lost the majority of its MPs
569:Party of European Socialists
567:. The PS is a member of the
557:Union for a Popular Movement
373:"Changer la vie" (1977–2010)
316:Party of European Socialists
239:Homosexualités et Socialisme
51:French India Socialist Party
7:
8247:political parties in France
7531:Associated parties (non-EU)
7020:European Parliament group:
6923:Socialist group, associated
6132:Union of the Socialist Left
5826:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2014).
5797:French Politics and Society
4532:
4390:Alsatian Democracy Movement
2258:Paulette Guinchard-Kunstler
2163:
2027:Europe Ecology – The Greens
1774:International Monetary Fund
1477:Universal medical insurance
1298:proportional representation
1194:. For the first time since
971:Popular Republican Movement
725:International Monetary Fund
10:
8460:
6343:Jean-Christophe Cambadélis
6127:Democratic Socialist Party
6108:Socialist Republican Union
5385:. tnova.fr. Archived from
4807:(in French). 30 March 2018
4654:. Routledge. p. 127.
4505:Génération.s, le mouvement
4459:, joined the centre-right
4409:Maurice Louis-Joseph-Dogué
4405:Martinican Socialist Party
4383:Union for French Democracy
4362:(MDSF), led by the deputy
2145:Jean-Christophe Cambadélis
2053:2024 legislative elections
2013:2022 legislative elections
1997:2022 presidential election
1900:Second Philippe government
1805:
1802:2017 presidential election
1766:2012 presidential election
1753:
1750:2012 presidential election
1605:2007 presidential election
1576:
1491:2002 presidential election
1410:1995 presidential election
1290:abolition of death penalty
1257:Union for French Democracy
1208:1981 presidential election
1162:1974 presidential election
1072:1969 presidential election
1041:1965 presidential election
1006:European Defence Community
934:Socialist Republican Union
930:Republican-Socialist Party
863:Republican-Socialist Party
752:
743:
690:2017 presidential election
638:2007 presidential election
628:2002 presidential election
604:1995 presidential election
592:1981 presidential election
44:
29:
8419:Social democratic parties
8383:
8360:
8332:
8309:
8276:
8253:
8177:
8136:
8059:
7955:
7889:
7707:Observer parties (non-EU)
7706:
7681:
7530:
7491:
7445:
7035:
7028:
7018:
6940:
6911:
6663:
6615:
6558:
6467:
6380:
6242:
6157:
6091:
5970:Socialist Party of France
5943:
5894:
5768:French Historical Studies
5760:French Historical Studies
4882:. CRC Press. p. 71.
4470:(PG), founded by senator
4438:Social Democratic Corsica
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2608:
2489:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2181:moderate social democracy
1979:Radical Party of the Left
1507:2002 legislative election
1462:1997 legislative election
1454:Radical Party of the Left
1394:1993 legislative election
1192:1978 legislative election
1158:1973 legislative election
1149:Radical Party of the Left
1074:, with only 5% of votes.
899:. The right wing, led by
828:Socialist Party of France
698:2017 legislative election
658:2012 legislative election
624:1997 legislative election
478:
460:
455:
441:
427:
413:
399:
385:
367:
347:
334:International affiliation
333:
323:European Parliament group
321:
309:
292:
276:
260:
244:
234:
222:
209:
198:
163:
145:
131:
118:
105:
93:
85:
76:
67:
60:
8414:Socialist Party (France)
8268:New Anticapitalist Party
8127:Von der Leyen Commission
6932:Socialist and Republican
6848:Second Toulouse Congress
6816:Second Grenoble Congress
6744:Bourg-en-Bresse Congress
5550:"Être social-écologiste"
5049:"IMF Managing Directors"
4876:Dimitri Almeida (2012).
4490:Les Socialistes insoumis
4323:Guianese Socialist Party
1962:On 12 October 2018, MEP
1317:European Monetary System
1294:solidarity tax on wealth
1236:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
737:World Trade Organization
517:[paʁtisɔsjalist]
229:Young Socialist Movement
65:
8185:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
7492:Associated parties (EU)
7446:Member parties (non-EU)
6468:Presidential candidates
6136:Unified Socialist Party
6053:Revolutionary socialism
5701:Graham, Bruce Desmond.
4742:10.1111/1475-6765.12638
4598:Terra Nova (think tank)
4420:Jean-Pierre Chevènement
4379:Social Democratic Party
1938:motion of no confidence
1909:On 7–8 April 2018, the
1526:2004 regional elections
1484:Jean-Pierre Chevènement
1382:Jean-Pierre Chevènement
1296:(ISF), introduction of
1220:Jean-Pierre Chevènement
1153:Socialist International
1030:Unified Socialist Party
820:Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau
727:from 2007 to 2011; and
620:cohabitation government
577:Socialist International
379:"We must turn the page"
342:Socialist International
278:Political position
8286:French Communist Party
8081:(Cohesion and Reforms)
8060:European Commissioners
6953:Desires for the Future
6871:Aubervilliers Congress
6559:Presidential primaries
6235:French Socialist Party
6112:National Popular Rally
6099:French Communist Party
5956:French Socialist Party
5910:Ludovic-Oscar Frossard
5684:(1989) 17#1 pp: 77-94.
5663:(2011) 29#3 pp: 29–48.
5617:Laurent de Boissieu, "
5601:Laurent de Boissieu, "
4527:Marie-Noëlle Lienemann
4294:In coalition with the
4236:In coalition with the
4186:In coalition with the
4040:In coalition with the
3944:In coalition with the
3849:In coalition with the
3772:In coalition with the
3726:In coalition with the
3102:In coalition with the
2956:In coalition with the
2301:Marie-Noëlle Lienemann
2031:French Communist Party
1975:2019 European election
1942:French Communist Party
1911:Aubervilliers Congress
1825:
1770:Dominique Strauss-Kahn
1704:the young left-winger
1699:Dominique Strauss-Kahn
1649:In the 10 and 17 June
1617:Dominique Strauss-Kahn
1600:
1589:Dominique Strauss-Kahn
1446:French Communist Party
1414:infected blood scandal
1253:Rally for the Republic
1096:
1087:
979:French Fourth Republic
964:French Communist Party
857:and the revolutionary
840:
824:French Socialist Party
717:Dominique Strauss-Kahn
608:Rally for the Republic
553:Rally for the Republic
512:
202:99 rue Molière, 94200
151:; 55 years ago
27:French political party
18:French Socialist Party
7682:Observer parties (EU)
6879:Villeurbanne Congress
6776:Grande Arche Congress
5974:French Workers' Party
5245:10.3406/xxs.1996.3481
4831:Fondation Jean Jaurès
4646:Paul Statham (2007).
4496:), led by former MEP
4340:), led by the deputy
1823:
1586:
1541:European Constitution
1456:, and the MDC. This "
1085:
957:French Third Republic
851:middle-class liberals
797:Louis Auguste Blanqui
773:French Workers' Party
8391:Miscellaneous centre
7937:Poul Nyrup Rasmussen
6912:Parliamentary groups
6672:Alfortville Congress
6078:Democratic socialism
5989:Second International
5290:Smith, W.R. (1998).
5094:. 17 September 2021.
4325:, splinter from the
2368:democratic socialism
2043:dissident candidates
1866:under the banner of
1848:of the centre-right
1587:From left to right:
1513:After the 2002 shock
1364:In 1990, during the
1321:European integration
1230:In 1981, Mitterrand
1102:Pierre Mendès-France
1092:Alfortville Congress
1090:In 1969, during the
1020:and his support for
968:Christian democratic
787:), then in 1890 the
670:presidential primary
650:2011 Senate election
573:Progressive Alliance
535:in France. It holds
338:Progressive Alliance
311:European affiliation
293:National affiliation
8395:Miscellaneous right
8324:Democratic Movement
8291:La France Insoumise
8137:Heads of government
8115:and Climate Action)
8113:European Green Deal
7958:European Parliament
6959:New Socialist Party
6664:National congresses
6475:François Mitterrand
6263:François Mitterrand
6023:Matignon Agreements
5762:(1991) pp: 141–158.
5708:Greene, Nathanael.
5623:France-politique.fr
5607:France-politique.fr
5371:on 2 February 2016.
5155:on 1 November 2013.
3790:European Parliament
3782:European Parliament
2491:François Mitterrand
2444:
2425:Philippe Tourtelier
2413:Jean-Louis Tourenne
2409:Christophe Caresche
2364:New Socialist Party
2221:Jean-Jack Queyranne
2153:(2017–2018; acting)
2081:François Mitterrand
2035:La France Insoumise
1946:La France Insoumise
1868:La France insoumise
1675:the Mayor of Paris
1547:, and left-wingers
1428:strategy. Finally,
1422:European Commission
1420:, president of the
1376:and the friends of
1244:President of France
1183:and the PCF leader
1045:François Mitterrand
893:Third International
891:(SFIC) to join the
809:Alexandre Millerand
783:(the son-in-law of
588:president of France
584:François Mitterrand
415:European Parliament
136:François Mitterrand
8387:Miscellaneous left
8197:Michael D. Higgins
8111:(Executive VP for
6894:Marseille Congress
5751:Northcutt, Wayne.
5556:on 20 October 2019
5412:. Politico Europe.
5389:on 22 January 2015
5198:has generic name (
4472:Jean-Luc Mélenchon
4407:(PMS), founded by
2440:
2421:Geneviève Gaillard
2331:Jean-Yves Le Drian
2289:Marylise Lebranchu
2213:Aurélie Filippetti
2057:In advance of the
2017:In advance of the
1991:Raphaël Glucksmann
1864:Jean-Luc Mélenchon
1826:
1601:
1553:Jean-Luc Mélenchon
1266:), furthering the
1088:
1037:universal suffrage
993:, was defeated by
909:Cartel des Gauches
759:The defeat of the
686:Jean-Luc Mélenchon
483:Politics of France
8401:
8400:
8212:
8211:
8150:Mette Frederiksen
7885:
7884:
7212:PA.SO.K./ΠΑ.ΣΟ.Κ.
6978:
6977:
6919:National Assembly
6856:Poitiers Congress
6784:Bordeaux Congress
6752:Toulouse Congress
6696:Grenoble Congress
6520:François Hollande
6457:Bernard Cazeneuve
6441:Jean-Marc Ayrault
6319:François Hollande
6245:First Secretaries
6200:
6199:
6033:French Resistance
5896:General Secretary
4952:978-1-134-07178-4
4931:978-1-107-02438-0
4910:978-1-4422-1803-1
4889:978-1-136-34039-0
4868:978-1-59140-790-4
4688:978-0-230-36176-8
4661:978-1-134-17462-1
4457:Jean-Marie Bockel
4301:
4300:
3779:
3778:
3774:New Popular Front
2834:National Assembly
2826:National Assembly
2823:
2822:
2723:François Hollande
2319:Jean-Marc Ayrault
2315:François Hollande
2307:social liberalism
2266:Arnaud Montebourg
2250:Sandrine Mazetier
2248:, François Lamy,
2225:François Rebsamen
2201:Jean-Louis Bianco
2193:Jean-Noël Guérini
2123:François Hollande
2069:First secretaries
2063:New Popular Front
2047:National Assembly
2025:(NUPES), joining
1950:National Assembly
1896:1st July Movement
1885:National Assembly
1830:François Hollande
1789:François Hollande
1662:François Hollande
1609:François Hollande
1518:François Hollande
1503:Jean-Marie Le Pen
1347:Maastricht Treaty
1273:economic planning
1248:National Assembly
1022:Charles de Gaulle
945:Spanish Civil War
721:managing director
702:National Assembly
654:François Hollande
652:. On 6 May 2012,
596:National Assembly
551:, along with the
537:social democratic
501:
500:
488:Political parties
465:.parti-socialiste
387:National Assembly
297:New Popular Front
119:President in the
108:National Assembly
106:President in the
16:(Redirected from
8451:
8239:
8232:
8225:
8216:
8215:
8119:Jutta Urpilainen
8109:Frans Timmermans
7980:Willi Birkelbach
7942:Sergey Stanishev
7927:Rudolf Scharping
7912:Vítor Constâncio
7902:Robert Pontillon
7897:Wilhelm Dröscher
7878:
7874:
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6902:
6889:
6887:
6874:
6866:
6864:
6851:
6843:
6835:
6832:Le Mans Congress
6827:
6819:
6811:
6803:
6795:
6792:Bourget Congress
6787:
6779:
6771:
6763:
6755:
6747:
6739:
6736:Valence Congress
6731:
6728:Créteil Congress
6723:
6715:
6707:
6699:
6691:
6683:
6675:
6616:Related articles
6608:
6607:
6590:
6583:
6576:
6569:
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6539:
6527:
6515:
6460:
6452:
6444:
6436:
6428:
6425:Pierre Bérégovoy
6420:
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6404:
6396:
6384:
6373:
6365:
6359:
6346:
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6303:Henri Emmanuelli
6298:
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6204:
6203:
6073:Social democracy
5944:Related articles
5897:
5888:
5879:
5872:
5865:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5843:
5842:
5840:Official website
5812:
5791:
5741:
5694:Criddle, Byron.
5673:Cole, Alistair.
5625:
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5239:. Paris: 18–30.
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5172:Parti Socialiste
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3150:
3143:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3124:
3095:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3079:
3072:
3071:
3058:
3057:
3050:
3049:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3008:
3001:
3000:
2987:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2933:
2926:
2925:
2912:
2911:
2904:
2903:
2830:
2829:
2812:
2811:
2780:
2779:
2751:
2750:
2737:
2736:
2708:
2707:
2694:
2693:
2662:
2661:
2638:
2637:
2624:
2623:
2595:
2594:
2581:
2580:
2557:
2556:
2543:
2542:
2519:
2518:
2505:
2504:
2445:
2439:
2431:Election results
2372:Henri Emmanuelli
2335:Élisabeth Guigou
2311:Bertrand Delanoë
2285:Claude Bartolone
2242:social democracy
2111:Henri Emmanuelli
2005:, the candidate
1919:Rue de Solférino
1744:Senate of France
1677:Bertrand Delanoë
1644:Bernard Kouchner
1593:Bertrand Delanoë
1564:Le Mans Congress
1549:Henri Emmanuelli
1406:Henri Emmanuelli
1355:Pierre Bérégovoy
1306:decentralization
1292:, creation of a
1264:110 Propositions
1200:Common Programme
1185:Georges Marchais
1181:Common Programme
1173:social democracy
1144:Common Programme
1099:
1097:Parti socialiste
1010:Republican Front
918:Édouard Daladier
872:Bloc des gauches
845:
805:Édouard Vaillant
733:Director-General
684:and left-winger
614:, but he became
519:
513:Parti socialiste
474:
469:
466:
464:
450:
436:
422:
408:
394:
380:
360:
353:
267:Social democracy
255:
254:
248:
159:
157:
152:
81:
70:
69:
68:Parti socialiste
58:
57:
21:
8459:
8458:
8454:
8453:
8452:
8450:
8449:
8448:
8404:
8403:
8402:
8397:
8379:
8356:
8352:The Republicans
8328:
8305:
8301:Socialist Party
8272:
8249:
8243:
8213:
8208:
8203:Zoran Milanović
8173:
8132:
8085:Paolo Gentiloni
8055:
8054:
8040:Gianni Pittella
8015:Jean-Pierre Cot
7995:Georges Spénale
7957:
7956:Leaders in the
7951:
7881:
7868:
7867:
7854:
7853:
7840:
7839:
7826:
7825:
7812:
7811:
7798:
7797:
7784:
7783:
7770:
7769:
7756:
7755:
7750:ESDP/الديمقراطي
7742:
7741:
7728:
7727:
7714:
7713:
7702:
7689:
7688:
7677:
7670:
7657:
7656:
7643:
7642:
7629:
7628:
7615:
7614:
7607:
7594:
7593:
7580:
7579:
7566:
7565:
7552:
7551:
7538:
7537:
7526:
7513:
7512:
7499:
7498:
7487:
7480:
7467:
7466:
7453:
7452:
7441:
7428:
7427:
7414:
7413:
7400:
7399:
7386:
7385:
7372:
7371:
7358:
7357:
7344:
7343:
7330:
7329:
7316:
7315:
7302:
7301:
7288:
7287:
7274:
7273:
7266:
7253:
7252:
7239:
7238:
7231:
7218:
7217:
7204:
7203:
7190:
7189:
7176:
7175:
7162:
7161:
7148:
7147:
7134:
7133:
7120:
7119:
7106:
7105:
7092:
7091:
7078:
7077:
7070:
7057:
7056:
7043:
7042:
7024:
7014:
7009:
6979:
6974:
6957:
6941:Former factions
6936:
6907:
6896:
6892:
6881:
6877:
6869:
6858:
6854:
6846:
6838:
6830:
6822:
6814:
6806:
6800:Liévin Congress
6798:
6790:
6782:
6774:
6768:Rennes Congress
6766:
6758:
6750:
6742:
6734:
6726:
6718:
6712:Nantes Congress
6710:
6702:
6694:
6688:Epinay Congress
6686:
6678:
6670:
6659:
6611:
6597:
6593:
6586:
6579:
6572:
6565:
6554:
6542:
6530:
6518:
6506:
6463:
6455:
6447:
6439:
6431:
6423:
6415:
6407:
6399:
6391:
6383:Prime Ministers
6382:
6376:
6368:
6353:
6349:
6341:
6333:
6325:
6317:
6309:
6301:
6293:
6285:
6277:
6269:
6261:
6253:
6244:
6238:
6234:
6231:
6201:
6196:
6153:
6149:Socialist Party
6087:
5939:
5904:Louis Dubreuilh
5895:
5890:
5886:
5883:
5849:
5838:
5837:
5834:
5829:
5815:Short, Philip.
5744:Noland, Aaron.
5634:
5632:Further reading
5629:
5628:
5616:
5612:
5600:
5596:
5584:
5580:
5573:
5569:
5559:
5557:
5546:
5542:
5527:
5523:
5513:
5511:
5502:
5501:
5497:
5487:
5485:
5473:
5469:
5459:
5457:
5448:
5447:
5443:
5433:
5431:
5430:. 11 April 2022
5422:
5421:
5417:
5406:
5402:
5392:
5390:
5381:
5380:
5376:
5363:
5362:
5358:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5328:
5324:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5288:
5284:
5279:
5275:
5265:
5263:
5225:
5221:
5216:. 29 July 2023.
5212:
5211:
5207:
5195:
5194:
5185:
5184:
5177:
5175:
5164:
5160:
5152:
5145:
5141:
5140:
5136:
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5119:
5118:
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5073:
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5001:
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4962:
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4808:
4797:
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4782:
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4765:
4755:
4753:
4725:
4721:
4700:
4696:
4689:
4673:
4669:
4662:
4644:
4640:
4625:
4621:
4616:
4573:
4566:
4561:Politics portal
4559:
4552:
4545:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4523:Emmanuel Maurel
4498:Liêm Hoang Ngoc
4318:
4306:
4283:
4280:
4225:
4222:
4175:
4172:
4129:
4126:
4083:
4080:
4029:
4026:
3983:
3980:
3933:
3930:
3888:
3885:
3843:
3840:
3784:
3759:
3756:
3712:
3709:
3641:
3638:
3570:
3567:
3499:
3496:
3428:
3425:
3357:
3354:
3286:
3283:
3215:
3212:
3144:
3141:
3088:
3085:
3017:
3014:
2942:
2939:
2828:
2438:
2433:
2384:Michel Vergnier
2217:Hélène Mandroux
2209:Vincent Peillon
2166:
2071:
2055:
2015:
1999:
1964:Emmanuel Maurel
1881:Emmanuel Macron
1854:Emmanuel Macron
1846:François Fillon
1818:
1804:
1762:
1752:
1740:Jean-Pierre Bel
1679:, supported by
1639:Nicolas Sarkozy
1581:
1575:
1515:
1442:
1366:Rennes Congress
1312:of 1981), etc.
1228:
1131:Epinay Congress
1080:
1068:Gaston Defferre
914:Édouard Herriot
769:gradual reforms
757:
751:
746:
682:Emmanuel Macron
642:Nicolas Sarkozy
533:political party
505:Socialist Party
497:
461:
451:
448:
437:
434:
423:
420:
409:
406:
395:
392:
381:
378:
376:
375:"Changing Life"
374:
372:
358:
351:
340:
301:
299:
271:Pro-Europeanism
269:
246:
194:
188:
184:
180:
174:
173:
155:
153:
150:
149:4 May 1969
138:
95:First Secretary
72:
71:
64:
63:Socialist Party
54:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8457:
8447:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8399:
8398:
8384:
8381:
8380:
8378:
8377:
8372:
8370:National Rally
8366:
8364:
8358:
8357:
8355:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8338:
8336:
8330:
8329:
8327:
8326:
8321:
8315:
8313:
8307:
8306:
8304:
8303:
8298:
8296:The Ecologists
8293:
8288:
8282:
8280:
8274:
8273:
8271:
8270:
8265:
8263:Lutte Ouvrière
8259:
8257:
8251:
8250:
8242:
8241:
8234:
8227:
8219:
8210:
8209:
8207:
8206:
8200:
8194:
8188:
8181:
8179:
8178:Heads of state
8175:
8174:
8172:
8171:
8165:
8159:
8153:
8147:
8140:
8138:
8134:
8133:
8131:
8130:
8122:
8116:
8106:
8103:Maroš Šefčovič
8100:
8097:Nicolas Schmit
8094:
8093:(Home Affairs)
8091:Ylva Johansson
8088:
8082:
8079:Elisa Ferreira
8076:
8070:
8063:
8061:
8057:
8056:
8053:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8035:Hannes Swoboda
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
8000:Ludwig Spénale
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7961:
7959:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7893:
7891:
7887:
7886:
7883:
7882:
7880:
7879:
7865:
7851:
7837:
7823:
7809:
7795:
7781:
7767:
7753:
7739:
7725:
7710:
7708:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7700:
7685:
7683:
7679:
7678:
7676:
7675:
7668:
7654:
7640:
7626:
7612:
7605:
7591:
7577:
7563:
7549:
7534:
7532:
7528:
7527:
7525:
7524:
7510:
7495:
7493:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7485:
7478:
7464:
7449:
7447:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7439:
7425:
7411:
7397:
7383:
7369:
7355:
7341:
7327:
7313:
7299:
7285:
7271:
7264:
7250:
7236:
7229:
7215:
7201:
7187:
7173:
7159:
7145:
7131:
7117:
7103:
7089:
7075:
7068:
7054:
7039:
7037:
7030:
7026:
7025:
7019:
7016:
7015:
7008:
7007:
7000:
6993:
6985:
6976:
6975:
6973:
6972:
6970:Socialist Left
6967:
6962:
6955:
6950:
6944:
6942:
6938:
6937:
6935:
6934:
6925:
6915:
6913:
6909:
6908:
6906:
6905:
6890:
6875:
6867:
6852:
6844:
6840:Reims Congress
6836:
6828:
6824:Dijon Congress
6820:
6812:
6808:Brest Congress
6804:
6796:
6788:
6780:
6772:
6764:
6760:Lille Congress
6756:
6748:
6740:
6738:(October 1981)
6732:
6730:(January 1981)
6724:
6716:
6708:
6700:
6692:
6684:
6676:
6667:
6665:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6657:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6619:
6617:
6613:
6612:
6610:
6609:
6591:
6584:
6577:
6570:
6562:
6560:
6556:
6555:
6553:
6552:
6540:
6528:
6516:
6508:Ségolène Royal
6504:
6490:
6471:
6469:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6461:
6453:
6445:
6437:
6429:
6421:
6413:
6405:
6401:Laurent Fabius
6397:
6388:
6386:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6374:
6372:(2018–present)
6366:
6347:
6339:
6331:
6323:
6315:
6307:
6299:
6291:
6287:Laurent Fabius
6283:
6275:
6267:
6259:
6250:
6248:
6240:
6239:
6230:
6229:
6222:
6215:
6207:
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6194:
6188:
6182:
6174:
6168:
6161:
6159:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6101:
6095:
6093:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6037:Brutus Network
6030:
6025:
6020:
6010:
6008:Tours Congress
6005:
5998:
5991:
5986:
5984:Globe Congress
5981:
5967:
5953:
5947:
5945:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5937:
5931:
5925:
5919:
5913:
5907:
5900:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5882:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5859:
5853:
5852:
5833:
5832:External links
5830:
5828:
5827:
5820:
5813:
5792:
5780:10.2307/286282
5774:(1): 141–158.
5763:
5756:
5749:
5742:
5724:(4): 459–471.
5713:
5706:
5699:
5692:
5687:Colton, Joel.
5685:
5678:
5671:
5664:
5657:
5650:
5643:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5610:
5594:
5578:
5567:
5548:Buis, Sabine.
5540:
5521:
5510:. 14 June 2024
5495:
5467:
5441:
5415:
5400:
5374:
5356:
5342:
5322:
5308:
5282:
5273:
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5018:
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4915:
4909:
4894:
4888:
4873:
4867:
4844:
4818:
4790:
4763:
4719:
4694:
4687:
4667:
4660:
4638:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4610:
4608:Pasokification
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4588:New Left group
4585:
4579:
4578:
4564:
4550:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4515:
4501:
4486:
4479:
4464:
4449:
4444:), founded by
4434:
4427:
4422:, renamed the
4416:
4401:
4396:), founded by
4386:
4385:(UDF) in 1978.
4371:
4356:
4345:
4330:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4298:
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3060:
3052:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3018:
3013:
3011:
3003:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2981:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2943:
2938:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2906:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2680:Ségolène Royal
2677:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2448:Election year
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2405:social-ecology
2397:Eco-socialists
2394:
2380:Jacques Fleury
2361:
2303:
2297:Alain Vidalies
2281:Laurent Fabius
2273:
2238:Christian left
2231:
2189:Gérard Collomb
2185:Ségolène Royal
2165:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2159:(2018–present)
2154:
2148:
2142:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2099:Laurent Fabius
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2070:
2067:
2054:
2051:
2039:Sylvie Tolmont
2014:
2011:
1998:
1995:
1983:Place Publique
1934:Benalla affair
1932:Following the
1927:Ivry-sur-Seine
1838:National Front
1834:Fifth Republic
1803:
1800:
1751:
1748:
1736:Europe Ecology
1718:Reims Congress
1710:
1709:
1702:
1695:Laurent Fabius
1688:
1673:
1658:Reims Congress
1629:Ségolène Royal
1613:Laurent Fabius
1597:Ségolène Royal
1574:
1571:
1545:Laurent Fabius
1522:Dijon Congress
1514:
1511:
1499:National Front
1441:
1438:
1434:Jacques Chirac
1418:Jacques Delors
1374:Laurent Fabius
1336:privatisations
1332:Jacques Chirac
1325:Laurent Fabius
1285:Common Program
1242:to be elected
1240:Fifth Republic
1227:
1224:
1177:market economy
1086:Logo of the PS
1079:
1076:
1052:Gaullist Party
1026:Fifth Republic
1014:1956 elections
949:Marceau Pivert
897:Vladimir Lenin
885:Tours Congress
832:Globe Congress
753:Main article:
750:
747:
745:
742:
719:, who was the
711:, who was the
709:Jacques Delors
634:Ségolène Royal
616:prime minister
612:Jacques Chirac
549:Fifth Republic
499:
498:
496:
495:
490:
485:
479:
476:
475:
458:
457:
453:
452:
447:
445:
439:
438:
433:
431:
425:
424:
419:
417:
411:
410:
405:
403:
397:
396:
391:
389:
383:
382:
371:
369:
365:
364:
349:
345:
344:
335:
331:
330:
325:
319:
318:
313:
307:
306:
300:(2024–present)
294:
290:
289:
280:
274:
273:
264:
258:
257:
249:
242:
241:
236:
232:
231:
226:
220:
219:
211:
207:
206:
204:Ivry-sur-Seine
200:
196:
195:
193:
192:
169:
168:
167:
165:
164:Merger of
161:
160:
147:
143:
142:
133:
129:
128:
126:Patrick Kanner
123:
116:
115:
110:
103:
102:
97:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
74:
73:
62:
61:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8456:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8411:
8409:
8396:
8392:
8388:
8382:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8367:
8365:
8363:
8359:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8339:
8337:
8335:
8331:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8316:
8314:
8312:
8308:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8283:
8281:
8279:
8275:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8260:
8258:
8256:
8252:
8248:
8240:
8235:
8233:
8228:
8226:
8221:
8220:
8217:
8204:
8201:
8198:
8195:
8192:
8189:
8186:
8183:
8182:
8180:
8176:
8169:
8168:Pedro Sánchez
8166:
8163:
8162:António Costa
8160:
8157:
8154:
8151:
8148:
8145:
8142:
8141:
8139:
8135:
8129:
8128:
8123:
8120:
8117:
8114:
8110:
8107:
8104:
8101:
8098:
8095:
8092:
8089:
8086:
8083:
8080:
8077:
8074:
8071:
8068:
8067:Josep Borrell
8065:
8064:
8062:
8058:
8051:
8050:Iratxe García
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8030:Martin Schulz
8028:
8026:
8025:Enrique Barón
8023:
8021:
8020:Pauline Green
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8005:Ernest Glinne
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7970:Hendrik Fayat
7968:
7966:
7963:
7962:
7960:
7954:
7948:
7947:Stefan Löfven
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7894:
7892:
7888:
7877:
7872:
7866:
7863:
7858:
7852:
7849:
7844:
7838:
7835:
7830:
7824:
7821:
7816:
7810:
7807:
7802:
7796:
7793:
7788:
7782:
7779:
7774:
7768:
7765:
7760:
7754:
7751:
7746:
7740:
7737:
7732:
7726:
7723:
7718:
7712:
7711:
7709:
7705:
7698:
7693:
7687:
7686:
7684:
7680:
7673:
7669:
7666:
7661:
7655:
7652:
7647:
7641:
7638:
7633:
7627:
7624:
7619:
7613:
7610:
7606:
7603:
7598:
7592:
7589:
7584:
7578:
7575:
7570:
7564:
7561:
7556:
7550:
7547:
7542:
7536:
7535:
7533:
7529:
7522:
7517:
7511:
7508:
7503:
7497:
7496:
7494:
7490:
7483:
7479:
7476:
7471:
7465:
7462:
7457:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7444:
7437:
7432:
7426:
7423:
7418:
7412:
7409:
7404:
7398:
7395:
7390:
7384:
7381:
7376:
7370:
7367:
7362:
7356:
7353:
7348:
7342:
7339:
7334:
7328:
7325:
7320:
7314:
7311:
7306:
7300:
7297:
7292:
7286:
7283:
7278:
7272:
7269:
7265:
7262:
7257:
7251:
7248:
7243:
7237:
7234:
7230:
7227:
7222:
7216:
7213:
7208:
7202:
7199:
7194:
7188:
7185:
7180:
7174:
7171:
7166:
7160:
7157:
7152:
7146:
7143:
7138:
7132:
7129:
7124:
7118:
7115:
7110:
7104:
7101:
7096:
7090:
7087:
7082:
7076:
7073:
7069:
7066:
7061:
7055:
7052:
7047:
7041:
7040:
7038:
7036:Member states
7034:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7017:
7013:
7006:
7001:
6999:
6994:
6992:
6987:
6986:
6983:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6960:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6945:
6943:
6939:
6933:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6914:
6910:
6900:
6895:
6891:
6885:
6880:
6876:
6872:
6868:
6862:
6857:
6853:
6849:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6833:
6829:
6825:
6821:
6817:
6813:
6809:
6805:
6801:
6797:
6793:
6789:
6785:
6781:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6753:
6749:
6745:
6741:
6737:
6733:
6729:
6725:
6721:
6720:Metz Congress
6717:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6689:
6685:
6681:
6677:
6673:
6669:
6668:
6666:
6662:
6656:
6655:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6614:
6605:
6601:
6596:
6592:
6589:
6585:
6582:
6578:
6575:
6571:
6568:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6557:
6549:
6545:
6541:
6537:
6533:
6529:
6525:
6521:
6517:
6513:
6509:
6505:
6502:
6498:
6494:
6493:Lionel Jospin
6491:
6488:
6484:
6480:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6466:
6458:
6454:
6450:
6446:
6442:
6438:
6434:
6433:Lionel Jospin
6430:
6426:
6422:
6418:
6417:Édith Cresson
6414:
6410:
6409:Michel Rocard
6406:
6402:
6398:
6394:
6393:Pierre Mauroy
6390:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6379:
6371:
6370:Olivier Faure
6367:
6363:
6357:
6352:
6348:
6344:
6340:
6336:
6332:
6328:
6327:Martine Aubry
6324:
6320:
6316:
6312:
6311:Lionel Jospin
6308:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6295:Michel Rocard
6292:
6288:
6284:
6280:
6279:Pierre Mauroy
6276:
6272:
6271:Lionel Jospin
6268:
6264:
6260:
6256:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6247:
6241:
6237:
6228:
6223:
6221:
6216:
6214:
6209:
6208:
6205:
6192:
6189:
6186:
6183:
6180:
6179:
6175:
6172:
6171:Popular Front
6169:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6156:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6109:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6090:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6038:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6018:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5999:
5997:
5996:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5951:Paris Commune
5949:
5948:
5946:
5942:
5935:
5932:
5929:
5926:
5923:
5920:
5917:
5914:
5911:
5908:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5893:
5889:
5880:
5875:
5873:
5868:
5866:
5861:
5860:
5857:
5847:
5841:
5836:
5835:
5825:
5822:Wall, Irwin.
5821:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5806:
5802:
5798:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5764:
5761:
5757:
5754:
5750:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5714:
5711:
5707:
5704:
5700:
5697:
5693:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5679:
5676:
5672:
5669:
5665:
5662:
5658:
5655:
5652:Bell, David.
5651:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5637:
5636:
5624:
5620:
5614:
5608:
5604:
5598:
5592:
5588:
5582:
5576:
5571:
5555:
5551:
5544:
5536:
5532:
5525:
5509:
5505:
5499:
5484:
5483:
5482:The Spectator
5478:
5471:
5455:
5451:
5445:
5429:
5425:
5419:
5411:
5404:
5388:
5384:
5378:
5370:
5366:
5360:
5345:
5343:9780191748332
5339:
5335:
5334:
5326:
5311:
5309:9780822971894
5305:
5301:
5296:
5295:
5286:
5277:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5235:(in French).
5234:
5230:
5223:
5215:
5209:
5201:
5189:
5173:
5169:
5162:
5151:
5144:
5138:
5122:
5116:
5108:
5101:
5093:
5087:
5071:
5065:
5050:
5044:
5030:
5029:
5022:
5014:
5010:
5003:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4970:
4964:
4954:
4948:
4945:. Routledge.
4944:
4943:
4937:
4933:
4927:
4923:
4922:
4916:
4912:
4906:
4902:
4901:
4895:
4891:
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4881:
4880:
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4870:
4864:
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4859:
4853:
4852:
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4828:
4822:
4806:
4805:
4800:
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4778:
4774:
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4634:
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4623:
4619:
4609:
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4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4565:
4562:
4556:
4551:
4548:
4547:France portal
4537:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4474:, joined the
4473:
4469:
4465:
4463:(UDI) in 2012
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4446:Simon Renucci
4443:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4428:
4426:(MRC) in 2003
4425:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4398:Alfred Muller
4395:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4380:
4377:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4297:
4293:
4285:
4278:
4270:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4227:
4220:
4212:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4177:
4170:
4162:
4154:
4151:
4148:
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4143:
4142:
4139:
4131:
4124:
4116:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4085:
4078:
4070:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4031:
4024:
4016:
4008:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3985:
3978:
3970:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3935:
3928:
3920:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3875:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
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3725:
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3707:
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3628:
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3614:
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3598:
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3586:
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3580:
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3557:
3549:
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3494:
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3445:
3444:
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3423:
3415:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3393:
3385:
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3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3359:
3352:
3344:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3322:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3288:
3281:
3273:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3251:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3217:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3180:
3172:
3169:
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3164:
3161:
3160:
3157:
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3146:
3139:
3128:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
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3034:
3033:
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3027:
3019:
3012:
3004:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2982:
2974:
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2966:
2963:
2962:
2959:
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2952:
2944:
2937:
2929:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2896:
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2891:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2818:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:Lionel Jospin
2606:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2457:Second round
2446:
2443:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2401:eco-socialism
2398:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2388:André Lejeune
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2355:Michel Destot
2352:
2348:
2344:
2343:Alain Rousset
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2327:Michel Rocard
2324:
2323:Lionel Jospin
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2305:Delanoistes (
2304:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2293:Alain Le Vern
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2277:progressivism
2274:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2262:Adeline Hazan
2259:
2255:
2254:Pierre Mauroy
2251:
2247:
2246:Martine Aubry
2243:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2158:
2157:Olivier Faure
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2129:Martine Aubry
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2117:Lionel Jospin
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2105:Michel Rocard
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2093:Pierre Mauroy
2091:
2088:
2087:Lionel Jospin
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1915:Olivier Faure
1912:
1907:
1905:
1904:2017 election
1901:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1842:Marine Le Pen
1839:
1835:
1831:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1799:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1725:Martine Aubry
1721:
1719:
1716:. During the
1715:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1691:Martine Aubry
1689:
1686:
1682:
1681:Lionel Jospin
1678:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1625:Martine Aubry
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1430:Lionel Jospin
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1378:Lionel Jospin
1375:
1371:
1370:Mitterrandist
1367:
1362:
1360:
1359:Mitterrandism
1356:
1352:
1351:Édith Cresson
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1302:1986 election
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1277:Pierre Mauroy
1274:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1216:Michel Rocard
1211:
1209:
1205:
1204:Metz Congress
1201:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:Michel Rocard
1165:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1151:. During the
1150:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1139:fist and rose
1136:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
998:
996:
992:
988:
984:
983:Paul Ramadier
980:
976:
975:welfare state
972:
969:
965:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
941:Popular Front
937:
935:
931:
927:
926:neosocialists
923:
919:
915:
911:
910:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
880:
878:
874:
873:
868:
864:
860:
856:
855:Radical Party
852:
847:
844:
843:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
814:
810:
806:
803:(CRC) led by
802:
798:
794:
793:Jean Allemane
790:
786:
782:
781:Paul Lafargue
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:Paris Commune
756:
741:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
600:Lionel Jospin
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
565:Olivier Faure
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
531:
527:
523:
518:
514:
510:
506:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
480:
477:
473:
468:
459:
454:
446:
444:
440:
432:
430:
426:
418:
416:
412:
404:
402:
398:
390:
388:
384:
370:
366:
363:
356:
350:
346:
343:
339:
336:
332:
329:
326:
324:
320:
317:
314:
312:
308:
304:
298:
295:
291:
288:
284:
281:
279:
275:
272:
268:
265:
263:
259:
250:
243:
240:
237:
233:
230:
227:
225:
221:
217:
216:
212:
208:
205:
201:
197:
191:
187:
183:
179:
176:
175:
172:
166:
162:
148:
144:
141:
137:
134:
130:
127:
124:
122:
117:
114:
113:Boris Vallaud
111:
109:
104:
101:
100:Olivier Faure
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
59:
56:
52:
48:
41:
37:
33:
19:
8300:
8191:George Vella
8156:Robert Abela
8124:
8073:Helena Dalli
8045:Udo Bullmann
7990:Francis Vals
7985:Käte Strobel
7975:Pierre Lapie
7917:Guy Spitaels
7907:Joop den Uyl
7183:
6704:Pau Congress
6654:Le Populaire
6652:
6544:Anne Hidalgo
6532:Benoît Hamon
6449:Manuel Valls
6361:
6351:Rachid Temal
6335:Harlem Désir
6255:Alain Savary
6233:
6176:
6165:Lefts Cartel
6148:
6083:Neosocialism
6028:The Vichy 80
6002:Le Populaire
6000:
5993:
5928:Daniel Mayer
5921:
5823:
5816:
5803:(2): 51–59.
5800:
5796:
5771:
5767:
5759:
5752:
5745:
5721:
5717:
5709:
5702:
5695:
5688:
5681:
5674:
5667:
5660:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5622:
5613:
5606:
5597:
5590:
5581:
5570:
5558:. Retrieved
5554:the original
5543:
5537:(in French).
5534:
5524:
5512:. Retrieved
5507:
5498:
5486:. Retrieved
5480:
5470:
5458:. Retrieved
5456:. 4 May 2022
5453:
5444:
5432:. Retrieved
5427:
5418:
5403:
5391:. Retrieved
5387:the original
5377:
5369:the original
5359:
5347:. Retrieved
5332:
5325:
5313:. Retrieved
5293:
5285:
5276:
5264:. Retrieved
5236:
5232:
5222:
5208:
5196:|first=
5176:. Retrieved
5171:
5161:
5150:the original
5137:
5125:. Retrieved
5115:
5100:
5086:
5074:. Retrieved
5064:
5052:. Retrieved
5043:
5034:21 September
5032:, retrieved
5027:
5021:
5012:
5002:
4990:. Retrieved
4986:
4977:
4963:
4941:
4920:
4899:
4878:
4857:
4847:
4835:. Retrieved
4830:
4821:
4809:. Retrieved
4802:
4793:
4781:. Retrieved
4777:Public Sénat
4776:
4766:
4754:. Retrieved
4732:
4722:
4709:The Guardian
4707:
4697:
4677:
4670:
4651:
4641:
4635:(in French).
4633:tv5monde.com
4632:
4622:
4513:Benoît Hamon
4353:René Toribio
4342:Émile Muller
2798:Anne Hidalgo
2766:Benoît Hamon
2454:First round
2417:Nicole Bricq
2376:Benoît Hamon
2351:Pierre Cohen
2347:Harlem Désir
2339:Michel Sapin
2275:Fabiusians (
2270:Renovate Now
2229:Manuel Valls
2197:Gaëtan Gorce
2169:
2167:
2151:Rachid Temal
2141:; 2012–2014)
2135:Harlem Désir
2075:Alain Savary
2056:
2016:
2007:Anne Hidalgo
2000:
1972:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1931:
1908:
1893:
1876:Manuel Valls
1872:Benoît Hamon
1857:
1827:
1793:
1786:
1781:
1763:
1729:
1722:
1711:
1706:Benoît Hamon
1655:
1648:
1636:
1633:
1602:
1568:
1561:
1538:
1516:
1488:
1481:
1470:
1466:cohabitation
1443:
1398:
1369:
1363:
1358:
1344:
1329:
1314:
1283:
1280:nationalised
1267:
1261:
1229:
1212:
1199:
1189:
1180:
1166:
1142:
1128:
1123:Le Populaire
1121:
1118:Jean Poperen
1110:Alain Savary
1089:
1049:
1034:
1018:Algerian War
999:
991:Daniel Mayer
961:
938:
907:
905:
881:
870:
859:syndicalists
848:
817:
777:Jules Guesde
758:
706:
678:Manuel Valls
674:Benoît Hamon
665:
632:
586:was elected
581:
541:pro-European
521:
504:
502:
215:Le Populaire
213:
199:Headquarters
170:
140:Alain Savary
86:Abbreviation
55:
8319:Renaissance
8144:Olaf Scholz
7922:Willy Claes
6897: [
6882: [
6859: [
6682:(July 1969)
6598: [
6459:(2016–2017)
6451:(2014–2016)
6443:(2012–2014)
6435:(1997–2002)
6427:(1992–1993)
6419:(1991–1992)
6411:(1988–1991)
6403:(1984–1986)
6395:(1981–1984)
6354: [
6345:(2014–2017)
6337:(2012–2014)
6329:(2008–2012)
6321:(1997–2008)
6313:(1995–1997)
6305:(1994–1995)
6297:(1993–1994)
6289:(1992–1993)
6281:(1988–1992)
6273:(1981–1988)
6265:(1971–1981)
6257:(1969–1971)
6193:(1965–1968)
6187:(1947–1958)
6185:Third Force
6181:(1944–1947)
6178:Tripartisme
6173:(1936–1938)
6167:(1924–1934)
6092:Derivatives
6068:Possibilism
6013:French Turn
5936:(1946−1969)
5930:(1943−1946)
5924:(1940−1943)
5918:(1920−1940)
5912:(1918−1920)
5906:(1905−1918)
5850:(in French)
5587:Max Lejeune
5454:Reuters.com
5428:Le Monde.fr
5393:11 February
5315:11 February
5266:20 November
5174:(in French)
5127:30 November
4804:France Info
4779:(in French)
4453:Modern Left
4364:Max Lejeune
4332:1970–1973:
4304:Federations
3723:Opposition
3652:Opposition
3581:Government
3510:Opposition
3439:Opposition
3368:Government
3297:Opposition
3226:Government
3155:Opposition
3099:Government
3028:Opposition
2953:Opposition
2741:18,000,668
2727:10,272,705
2698:16,790,440
2628:14,180,644
2585:16,704,279
2571:10,367,220
2547:15,708,262
2509:12,971,604
2495:11,044,373
2392:Paul Quilès
2359:Roland Ries
2205:Julien Dray
2147:(2014–2017)
2131:(2008–2012)
2125:(1997–2008)
2119:(1995–1997)
2113:(1994–1995)
2107:(1993–1994)
2101:(1992–1993)
2095:(1988–1992)
2089:(1981–1988)
2083:(1971–1981)
2077:(1969–1971)
1923:Rue Molière
1850:Republicans
1685:Plural Left
1458:Plural Left
987:Third Force
895:founded by
813:Jean Jaurès
729:Pascal Lamy
545:French Left
526:centre-left
305:(2022–2024)
283:Centre-left
245:Membership
218:(1969–1970)
8408:Categories
8385:See also:
8375:Reconquête
8164:(Portugal)
8075:(Equality)
8010:Rudi Arndt
7965:Guy Mollet
7932:Robin Cook
7890:Presidents
6674:(May 1969)
6362:ad interim
6017:Trotskyism
5995:L'Humanité
5934:Guy Mollet
5916:Paul Faure
5560:20 October
5178:5 February
4614:References
4476:Left Front
4468:Left Party
4257:3,401,076
4199:1,403,170
4149:2,649,202
4103:2,838,160
4057:4,960,756
4003:3,873,901
3957:2,824,173
3907:4,286,354
3862:4,188,875
3827:4,763,026
3686:1,084,909
3615:1,032,842
3593:1,685,677
3544:9,420,889
3522:7,618,326
3473:8,624,861
3451:6,436,520
3402:7,482,169
3380:6,086,599
3331:9,722,022
3309:5,977,045
3260:6,143,179
3238:4,415,495
3189:9,198,778
3167:8,493,702
3115:8,693,939
3062:9,198,332
3040:9,432,362
2991:7,212,916
2969:6,451,151
2916:5,564,610
2894:4,559,241
2846:2nd round
2843:1st round
2770:2,291,288
2684:9,500,112
2652:4,610,113
2614:7,097,786
2533:7,505,960
2451:Candidate
2436:Presidency
1859:En Marche!
1806:See also:
1796:Terra Nova
1754:See also:
1714:Left Party
1577:See also:
1473:Aubry laws
1460:" won the
995:Guy Mollet
842:L'Humanité
791:(POSR) of
731:, who was
622:after the
224:Youth wing
156:1969-05-04
8362:Far-right
8205:(Croatia)
8199:(Ireland)
8187:(Germany)
8152:(Denmark)
8146:(Germany)
8087:(Economy)
7834:Fatah/فتح
7623:SDSM/СДСМ
7507:PBSD/БСДП
7114:EDEK/ΕΔΕΚ
6965:Royalists
6948:Aubryists
6158:Alliances
6058:Blanquism
5738:144598638
5508:France 24
5261:144991176
5253:0294-1759
4751:0304-4130
4521:, led by
3568:279 / 577
3497:186 / 577
3426:140 / 577
3355:255 / 577
3213:260 / 577
3142:206 / 573
3086:269 / 491
3015:104 / 491
2234:Aubryists
2177:Royalists
1970:(APRÉS).
1621:Jack Lang
1496:far-right
1340:June 1988
1269:dirigiste
951:, to the
901:Léon Blum
785:Karl Marx
775:(POF) of
666:frondeurs
530:left-wing
493:Elections
287:left-wing
235:LGBT wing
210:Newspaper
8342:Horizons
8255:Far-left
5809:42844466
5535:Marianne
5434:21 April
5188:cite web
4969:"France"
4533:See also
4483:New Deal
4478:in 2009.
4044:and the
3757:65 / 577
3710:28 / 577
3664:860,201
3639:30 / 577
3284:59 / 577
2940:89 / 491
2802:616,478
2164:Factions
1987:New Deal
1973:For the
1913:elected
1889:New Left
1782:de facto
1780:and was
1426:centrist
1386:Gulf War
1310:Lang Law
1232:defeated
1060:May 1968
977:and the
606:against
407:66 / 348
393:67 / 577
262:Ideology
171:See list
132:Founders
8193:(Malta)
8170:(Spain)
8158:(Malta)
7560:SDP BiH
7521:Hlas-SD
7394:SMER-SD
7282:Saskaņa
7086:BSP/БСП
7029:Parties
6063:Marxism
5819:(2013).
5755:(1992).
5748:(1956).
5712:(1969).
5705:(2006).
5698:(1969).
5691:(1987).
5677:(1994).
5656:(2005).
5649:(1988).
5642:(2014).
5514:23 June
5488:17 June
5349:15 June
5076:20 June
5054:20 June
5013:Reuters
4992:15 June
4837:20 June
4811:16 June
4783:16 June
4756:16 June
4517:2018–:
4503:2017–:
4488:2015–:
4481:2013–:
4466:2008–:
4451:2007–:
4440:(CSD) (
4436:1996–:
4429:1994–:
4403:1990–:
4392:(MDA) (
4388:1986–:
4347:1972–:
4336:(PDS) (
4321:1956–:
4281:13 / 81
4260:13.80%
4173:12 / 74
4152:13.98%
4127:14 / 74
4106:16.48%
4081:31 / 74
4060:28.90%
4027:18 / 78
4006:21.95%
3981:15 / 87
3960:14.49%
3931:17 / 87
3910:23.61%
3886:20 / 81
3865:20.76%
3841:20 / 81
3830:23.53%
3547:40.91%
3525:29.35%
3476:42.27%
3454:24.73%
3405:35.26%
3383:24.11%
3334:38.20%
3312:23.49%
3263:31.01%
3241:17.61%
3192:45.31%
3170:34.77%
3118:31.02%
3065:49.25%
3043:37.52%
2994:28.31%
2972:22.58%
2919:23.72%
2897:19.18%
2855:Result
2460:Result
2170:motions
1989:, with
1534:Corsica
1501:leader
1368:, the "
1108:led by
1104:clubs (
1002:Marxist
932:in the
867:laicism
853:of the
744:History
735:of the
723:of the
696:in the
648:in the
610:leader
590:in the
524:) is a
456:Website
449:22 / 95
421:10 / 81
348:Colours
154: (
146:Founded
8311:Centre
8099:(Jobs)
7128:SOCDEM
6928:Senate
6903:(2023)
6888:(2021)
6873:(2018)
6865:(2015)
6850:(2012)
6842:(2008)
6834:(2005)
6826:(2003)
6818:(2000)
6810:(1997)
6802:(1994)
6794:(1993)
6786:(1992)
6778:(1991)
6770:(1990)
6762:(1987)
6754:(1985)
6746:(1983)
6722:(1979)
6714:(1977)
6706:(1975)
6698:(1973)
6690:(1971)
5922:Vacant
5807:
5788:286282
5786:
5736:
5340:
5306:
5259:
5251:
5109:. RTL.
4949:
4928:
4907:
4886:
4865:
4749:
4685:
4658:
4358:1973:
4223:3 / 79
4202:6.19%
4114:12.42
3811:Seats
3799:Votes
3689:5.23%
3667:3.78%
3626:35.23
3618:5.68%
3604:21.91
3596:7.44%
3271:14.30
3249:17.16
3073:20.94
3051:14.94
2875:Votes
2863:Votes
2849:Seats
2744:51.64
2730:28.63
2701:46.94
2687:25.87
2655:16.18
2631:47.36
2617:23.30
2588:54.02
2574:34.10
2550:51.76
2536:25.85
2512:49.19
2498:43.25
2474:Votes
2465:Votes
2029:, the
1891:(NG).
1814:, and
1530:Alsace
1452:, the
1450:Greens
1448:, the
922:policy
646:Senate
509:French
435:5 / 17
401:Senate
368:Anthem
359:
352:
256:45,000
247:(2023)
121:Senate
8334:Right
8245:Main
7697:LSDSP
7651:SP/PS
6901:]
6886:]
6863:]
6606:]
6358:]
5805:JSTOR
5784:JSTOR
5734:S2CID
5460:4 May
5257:S2CID
5153:(PDF)
5146:(PDF)
5072:. WTO
4714:Paris
4485:(ND).
4268:7.61
4210:7.79
4160:2.50
4068:6.95
4014:7.46
3968:9.12
3918:2.85
3873:2.77
3817:Note
3808:Rank
3805:± pp
3796:Year
3728:NUPES
3697:0.45
3675:3.66
3555:1.36
3533:4.62
3484:7.01
3462:0.62
3413:2.94
3391:0.62
3342:7.19
3320:5.88
3200:3.94
3178:3.75
3126:6.50
3002:4.59
2980:3.40
2927:2.47
2905:2.65
2884:Rank
2881:± pp
2872:Rank
2869:± pp
2858:Note
2840:Year
2819:Lost
2813:10th
2805:1.75
2787:Lost
2773:6.36
2712:Lost
2669:Lost
2642:Lost
2523:Lost
2480:Rank
2471:Rank
1925:, on
1670:MoDem
618:in a
362:green
38:, or
8393:and
8278:Left
8125:see
7876:FDTL
7806:USPT
7482:SDLP
7422:PSOE
7338:PvdA
7310:LSAP
7296:LSDP
7233:MSZP
6595:2021
6588:2017
6581:2011
6574:2006
6567:1995
6548:2022
6536:2017
6524:2012
6512:2007
6501:2002
6497:1995
6487:1988
6483:1981
6479:1974
5976:and
5962:and
5562:2019
5516:2024
5490:2022
5462:2022
5436:2022
5395:2015
5351:2023
5338:ISBN
5317:2015
5304:ISBN
5268:2022
5249:ISSN
5200:help
5180:2023
5129:2014
5078:2012
5056:2012
5036:2009
4994:2024
4947:ISBN
4926:ISBN
4905:ISBN
4884:ISBN
4863:ISBN
4839:2024
4813:2024
4785:2024
4758:2024
4747:ISSN
4683:ISBN
4656:ISBN
4525:and
4276:3rd
4253:2024
4218:6th
4195:2019
4168:3rd
4145:2014
4122:2nd
4099:2009
4076:1st
4053:2004
4022:1st
3999:1999
3976:2nd
3953:1994
3926:2nd
3903:1989
3881:2nd
3858:1984
3846:N/A
3836:2nd
3833:N/A
3823:1979
3814:+/–
3735:2024
3705:6th
3683:7th
3660:2022
3649:249
3634:4th
3612:5th
3589:2017
3563:1st
3541:1st
3518:2012
3492:2nd
3470:2nd
3447:2007
3436:115
3421:2nd
3399:2nd
3376:2002
3365:196
3350:1st
3328:1st
3305:1997
3294:201
3279:1st
3257:3rd
3234:1993
3208:1st
3186:1st
3163:1988
3134:1st
3111:1986
3096:165
3081:1st
3059:1st
3036:1981
3010:1st
2988:2nd
2965:1978
2935:2nd
2913:3rd
2890:1973
2852:+/–
2793:2022
2781:5th
2761:2017
2755:Won
2752:1st
2738:1st
2718:2012
2709:2nd
2695:2nd
2675:2007
2663:3rd
2648:2002
2639:2nd
2625:1st
2605:1995
2599:Won
2596:1st
2582:1st
2567:1988
2561:Won
2558:1st
2544:2nd
2529:1981
2520:2nd
2506:1st
2486:1974
2423:and
2403:and
2390:and
2357:and
2299:and
2264:and
2227:and
1985:and
1944:and
1758:and
1697:and
1627:and
1595:and
1551:and
1532:and
1494:the
1489:The
1353:and
1255:and
1196:1936
916:and
811:and
779:and
575:and
539:and
503:The
357:and
355:Pink
190:UGCS
186:UCRG
178:SFIO
7862:SSP
7848:PSD
7820:CTP
7792:PDM
7778:Dem
7736:ARF
7672:HDP
7665:CHP
7609:SDP
7602:DPS
7475:Lab
7436:SAP
7380:PSD
7268:PSI
7247:Lab
7198:SPD
7170:SDP
7156:SDE
7100:SDP
7051:SPÖ
5776:doi
5726:doi
5621:",
5605:",
5589:",
5300:102
5241:doi
4737:doi
4291:10
4242:PRG
4188:PRG
4137:17
4091:13
4046:MDC
4042:PRG
3946:MRG
3851:MRG
3767:37
3578:93
3507:46
3223:54
3152:63
3104:MRG
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