252:
303:
221:
that exemption". It encouraged all government agencies to review FOIA requests in a manner most favorable to openness and to release information, even though it might fall within one of the nine exemption categories, if no "foreseeable harm" would result from the disclosure. The goal was to achieve the "maximum responsible disclosure".
662:
an individual residing in
Kentucky, a domestic business with a location in Kentucky (or an out-of-state business registered with the Secretary of State), a person who works in Kentucky, a person or business that owns real property within Kentucky, a person or business authorized to act on behalf of a
233:
issued a policy memorandum on FOIA to all federal executive agencies. The AG declared the
Department of Justice (DOJ) would defend agencies' decisions to withhold documents from a FOIA requester under one of the statute's exemptions "unless they lack a sound legal basis or present an unwarranted risk
337:
and the
District of Columbia also have freedom of information laws that govern the public's access to government records at state and local levels. These laws go by many different names including Sunshine Laws, Public Records Laws, Open Records Laws, etc. Additionally, Open Meeting Laws govern the
289:
on March 14, 2009. The AG Holder Memo appears to have reinstated the Reno Memo standard and extends the policy. The policy of the executive branch is to be open, responsive, transparent, and accountable. The current memo encourages the maximum disclosure possible in discretionary exemptions and to,
237:
The
Ashcroft Memorandum reversed the Reno standard. Agencies were told that in making discretionary FOIA decisions they should carefully consider the fundamental values behind the exemptions—national security, privacy, government's interests, etc.—and to lean in their favor whenever possible. The
220:
The Reno Memo established a "presumption" in favor of disclosure by providing that "it shall be the policy of the
Department of Justice to defend the assertion of a FOIA exemption only in those cases where the agency reasonably foresees that disclosure would be harmful to an interest protected by
341:
All
Freedom of Information style laws supports the ideal that in a democracy, people have the right to know the business of their government. However, the laws vary in scope and strength among jurisdictions. For example, Florida's Sunshine Law creates both a statutory and constitutional right to
211:
in 1993, U.S. Department of
Justice (DOJ) has announced how the executive branch should approach FOIA, its application, and DOJ's defense of agency's actions. In other words, DOJ's position on when they would defend in a FOIA suit has seesawed for about the last three decades.
342:
access whereas many states only provide the statutory right. Additionally, while a state may have strong legislation the state's compliance with its own laws may negatively impact the public's ability to access records.
2175:
155:
140:
39:
Since the founding of the United States, the public's right to know the affairs of their government has been foundational democracy. James
Madison wrote during the United States
100:
182:
3125:
238:
Ashcroft Memo with its "sound legal basis" standard encouraged (or at least seemed to support) greater use of FOIA exemptions by federal agency personnel.
3034:
199:
The Holder Memo is part of series of policy memos on how federal agencies should apply FOIA exemptions. Beginning in 1977 with
Attorney General
2867:
1087:
43:, "The right of freely examining public characters and measures and free communication, is the only effective guardian of every other right."
1343:
76:
1438:
3091:
3084:
3074:
1348:
84:
65:
59:
1326:
40:
314:
3104:
3043:
1282:
3008:
The Joseph L. Brechner Center for
Freedom of Information at the University of Florida College of Journalism and Communications
1678:
1623:
1475:
3027:
1673:. Richard A. Leiter, Wendy Leiter (9th ed.). Getzville, NY: William S. Hein & Co., Inc. 2022. pp. 807–816.
581:
20:
1389:"Let the Sunshine In, or Else: An Examination of the "Teeth" of State and Federal Open Meetings and Open Records Laws"
3130:
1458:
19:
relates to the public's ability to access government records, meetings, and other information. In the United States,
1525:
3054:
724:
3059:
3135:
3079:
3020:
2521:
108:
92:
158:- would amend the FOIA to speed up the response time and ease of making a "FOIA request", among other changes.
3069:
1358:
1176:
665:"; inmates have some restrictions; non-Kentucky people may request records, but their requests can be denied
441:
116:
1106:
2622:
179:
on November 1, 2001, is used to limit the FOIA by restricting access to the records of former presidents.
1909:
1702:
261:
2027:
1980:
1603:
2794:
1364:
460:
3064:
2965:
132:
124:
881:
1503:
2674:
2496:
1549:
794:
168:
2400:
2207:
2698:
2650:
1644:
204:
2279:
1981:"In Year 25 Idaho's Public Records Law Gets a Checkup by Idaho's Public Records Ombudsman"
1860:
8:
3012:
2842:
2448:
2424:
1812:
172:
2891:
2722:
2519:
2255:
2127:
268:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
234:
of adverse impact on the ability of other agencies to protect other important records".
2818:
2573:
2472:
2303:
2231:
2103:
2079:
2002:
1884:
1836:
1788:
1696:
1416:
2915:
2327:
1931:
1764:
1716:
2597:
2376:
2183:
1955:
1740:
1684:
1674:
1619:
1454:
1450:
1420:
1408:
1332:
2746:
2151:
1615:
143:
2770:
2549:
2055:
1611:
1576:
1446:
1400:
1297:
135:
127:
119:
111:
103:
95:
87:
79:
2991:
2940:
2997:
The Open Government Guide of the Reporters Committee for the Freedom of the Press
1404:
1292:
290:
whenever possible, reasonably segregate exempt information and release the rest.
1645:"States Failing FOI Responsiveness – National Freedom of Information Coalition"
1530:
1388:
176:
69:
47:
1688:
3119:
2187:
1412:
1309:
1287:
230:
1668:
1588:
1314:
200:
2176:"In new report, Maryland open-records officials urge greater transparency"
1563:
1353:
334:
286:
156:
FOIA Oversight and Implementation Act of 2014 (H.R. 1211; 113th Congress)
302:
208:
46:
Several federal laws have strengthened the public's ability to access
2025:
338:
public's access to meetings of public officials or appointed boards.
2996:
1480:
1338:
2966:"Open Government Guide District of Columbia - Reporters Committee"
1610:, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. wbieco010,
2520:
The State and Local Division, Office of Attorney General (2022).
1269:
Originally Gov't Code §§ 6250 to 6276.48 until January 1, 2023.
162:
2675:"Open Government Guide South Carolina - Reporters Committee"
2497:"Open Government Guide North Carolina - Reporters Committee"
2351:
2401:"Open Government Guide New Hampshire - Reporters Committee"
2208:"Open Government Guide Massachusetts - Reporters Committee"
1535:
3042:
2699:"Open Government Guide South Dakota - Reporters Committee"
2651:"Open Government Guide Rhode Island - Reporters Committee"
482:
Connecticut General Statutes Chapter 14 §§ 1–200 to 1-242
2280:"Open Government Guide Mississippi - Reporters Committee"
1861:"Open Government Guide Connecticut - Reporters Committee"
3007:
3002:
2843:"Open Government Guide Washington - Reporters Committee"
2449:"Open Government Guide New Mexico - Reporters Committee"
2425:"Open Government Guide New Jersey - Reporters Committee"
2892:"Open Government Guide Wisconsin - Reporters Committee"
2723:"Open Government Guide Tennessee - Reporters Committee"
2256:"Open Government Guide Minnesota - Reporters Committee"
2128:"Open Government Guide Louisiana - Reporters Committee"
345:
2819:"Open Government Guide Virginia - Reporters Committee"
2574:"Open Government Guide Oklahoma - Reporters Committee"
2473:"Open Government Guide New York - Reporters Committee"
2232:"Open Government Guide Michigan - Reporters Committee"
2104:"Open Government Guide Kentucky - Reporters Committee"
2003:"Open Government Guide Illinois - Reporters Committee"
1885:"Open Government Guide Delaware - Reporters Committee"
1837:"Open Government Guide Colorado - Reporters Committee"
1789:"Open Government Guide Arkansas - Reporters Committee"
1550:"FOIA Update: Attorney General Reno's FOIA Memorandum"
1443:
Encyclopedia of International Media and Communications
2938:
2916:"Open Government Guide Wyoming - Reporters Committee"
2795:"Vermont State Archives & Records Administration"
2328:"Open Government Guide Montana - Reporters Committee"
1932:"Open Government Guide Georgia - Reporters Committee"
1765:"Open Government Guide Arizona - Reporters Committee"
1717:"Open Government Guide Alabama - Reporters Committee"
654:
Kentucky Revised Statute Chapter §§ 61.870 to 61.884
2377:"Open Government Guide Nevada - Reporters Committee"
2080:"Open Government Guide Kansas - Reporters Committee"
1956:"Open Government Guide Hawaii - Reporters Committee"
1741:"Open Government Guide Alaska - Reporters Committee"
285:
The Ashcroft Memo was rescinded by Attorney General
2747:"Open Government Guide Texas - Reporters Committee"
2152:"Open Government Guide Maine - Reporters Committee"
663:
Kentucky resident, or a news-gathering organization
2771:"Open Government Guide Utah - Reporters Committee"
2550:"Open Government Guide Ohio - Reporters Committee"
2056:"Open Government Guide Iowa - Reporters Committee"
189:
763:Minn. Statutes §§ 13.01 to 13.99 Ch. 13 Appendix
264:may be compromised due to out-of-date information
3117:
2970:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2920:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2896:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2847:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2823:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2775:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2751:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2727:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2703:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2679:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2655:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2602:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2578:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2554:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2501:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2477:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2453:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2429:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2405:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2381:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2332:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2308:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2284:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2260:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2236:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2212:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2156:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2132:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2108:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2084:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2060:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
2007:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
1960:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
1936:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
1889:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
1865:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
1841:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
1793:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
1769:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
1745:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
1721:The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
141:Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments
101:Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act
68:, signed into law on July 4, 1966, by President
1608:The International Encyclopedia of Communication
1577:http://www.usdoj.gov/ag/foia-memo-march2009.pdf
2868:"The West Virginia Freedom of Information Act"
2026:Office of the Public Access Counselor (2022).
1463:– via Elsevier Science & Technology.
988:Title 51 Oklahoma Statutes §§ 24A.1 to 24A.32
3028:
3003:The National Freedom of Information Coalition
2352:"Outline of Nebraska Public Records Statutes"
1564:"New Attorney General FOIA Memorandum Issued"
1125:Government Records Access and Management Act
1022:65 Pennsylvania Statute §§ 67.101 to 67.1310
547:Uniform Information Practices Act (Modified)
185:: Improving Agency Disclosure of Information.
1344:National Archives and Records Administration
971:Ohio Rev. Code §§ 149.43 to 149.45; 2743.75
3126:Freedom of information in the United States
2865:
1467:
163:Miscellaneous Authoritative Federal Sources
17:Freedom of information in the United States
3035:
3021:
2028:"Handbook on Indiana's Public Access Laws"
1053:South Carolina Freedom of Information Act
1036:Rhode Island Access to Public Records Act
746:Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. §§ 15.231 to 15.246
393:A.S. §§ 40.25.110 to 40.25.125; 40.25.151
60:Freedom of Information Act (United States)
1327:Moynihan Commission on Government Secrecy
1195:West Virginia Freedom of Information Act
1162:Code of Virginia §§ 2.2-3700 to 2.2-3715
833:Nebraska Statutes §§ 84–712 to 84-712.09
427:Ark. Code Ann. §§ 25-19-101 to 25-19-111
1387:Stewart, Daxton R. "Chip" (2010-07-08).
1349:NSA warrantless surveillance controversy
1092:Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 10-7-503 to 10-7-508
1028:Any legal resident of the United States
799:Mo. Code §§ 109.180; 610.010 to 610.225
446:Gov't Code §§ 7920.000 to 7931.000
24:
2620:
2529:North Dakota Office of Attorney General
1978:
1436:
1386:
1128:Utah Code Title 63G-2-101 to 63G-2-804
780:Miss. Code Ann. §§ 25-61-1 to 25-61-19
479:Connecticut Freedom of Information Act
149:
3118:
3044:Freedom of information laws by country
1496:
1283:Freedom of information laws by country
1145:Vermont Statute Tit. 1, §§ 315 to 320
1056:S.C. Code Ann. §§ 30-4-10 to 30-4-165
229:On October 12, 2001, Attorney General
53:
28:
3016:
1907:
1663:
1661:
465:C.R.S. §§ 24-72-200.1 to 24-72-205.5
1813:"California Public Records Act FAQs"
1601:
1476:"House unanimously passes FOIA bill"
1473:
1432:
1430:
1382:
1380:
1215:Wisconsin Statute §§ 19.21 to 19.39
1159:Virginia Freedom of Information Act
917:New York Freedom of Information Law
816:Montana Code §§ 2-6-101 to 2-6-1020
743:Michigan Freedom of Information Act
496:Delaware Freedom of Information Act
424:Arkansas Freedom of Information Act
346:Freedom of Information laws by state
297:
293:
245:
203:, and continued by Attorney General
23:exists at all levels of government:
2941:"Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)"
1920:(2): 72–116 – via HeinOnline.
1249:DC Official Code §§ 2–531 to 2-540
1232:Wyo. Stat. §§ 16-4-201 to 16-4-205
1168:Citizens of the state/commonwealth
1098:Citizens of the state/commonwealth
892:Citizens of the state/commonwealth
805:Citizens of the state/commonwealth
729:Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 66, §§ 1 to 21
582:Illinois Freedom of Information Act
550:Haw. Rev. Stat. §§ 92F-1 to 92F-43
539:Citizens of the state/commonwealth
505:Citizens of the state/commonwealth
433:Citizens of the state/commonwealth
13:
2932:
2623:"Pennsylvania's Right-to-Know Law"
1991:(2): 32–34 – via HeinOnline.
1658:
934:North Carolina Public Records Law
882:New Jersey Open Public Records Act
533:O.C.G.A. §§ 50-18-70 to 50-18-103
499:Tit. 29, §§ 10001 to 10007; 10112
21:freedom of information legislation
14:
3147:
2985:
1506:(Act H.R. 1211). 25 February 2014
1427:
1377:
1198:W.Va. Code §§ 29B-1-1 to 29B-1-7
900:Inspection of Public Records Act
603:IN Code §§ 5-14-3-1 to 5-14-3-10
410:A.R.S. §§ 39–121.01 to 39–121.03
241:
2866:McGraw, Jr., Darrell V. (2011).
1474:Gold, Hadas (26 February 2014).
886:N.J.S.A. §§ 47:1A-1 to 47:1A-13
725:Massachusetts Public Records Law
707:Maryland Public Information Act
301:
250:
224:
34:
2958:
2908:
2884:
2859:
2835:
2811:
2787:
2763:
2739:
2715:
2691:
2667:
2643:
2614:
2590:
2566:
2542:
2513:
2489:
2465:
2441:
2417:
2393:
2369:
2344:
2320:
2296:
2272:
2248:
2224:
2200:
2168:
2144:
2120:
2096:
2072:
2048:
2019:
1995:
1972:
1948:
1924:
1901:
1877:
1853:
1829:
1805:
1781:
1757:
1733:
1709:
1637:
1616:10.1002/9781405186407.wbieco010
1606:, in Donsbach, Wolfgang (ed.),
1595:
1263:
1073:SDCL Chapter 1-27-1 to 1-27-48
777:Mississippi Public Records Act
710:Gen. Provis. §§ 4–101 to 4-601
567:Idaho Code §§ 74–101 to 74-126
516:Fla. Stat. §§ 119.01 to 119.19
376:Al. Code §§ 36-12-40; 36-12-41
190:U.S. Attorney General Memoranda
1581:
1570:
1556:
1542:
1534:. 21 January 2009 – via
1518:
1451:10.1016/B0-12-387670-2/00100-X
1303:
1181:RCW §§ 42.56.001 to 42.56.904
109:Government in the Sunshine Act
93:Federal Advisory Committee Act
1:
2356:Attorney General Mike Hilgers
1670:National survey of state laws
1439:"Freedom of information laws"
1371:
1359:U.S. reclassification program
1177:Washington Public Records Act
1005:O.R.S. §§ 192.311 to 192.513
954:NDCC §§ 44-04-18 to 44-04-32
937:NCGS Chapter 132–1 to 132-11
867:R.S.A. Ch. 91-A:1 to 91-A:10
760:Minnesota Data Practices Act
673:Louisiana Public Records Law
600:Access to Public Records Act
442:California Public Records Act
207:in 1981 and Attorney General
2035:Access to Public Records Act
1526:"Freedom of Information Act"
1405:10.1080/10811680.2010.489858
1393:Communication Law and Policy
1111:Gov't §§ 552.001 to 552.376
1107:Texas Public Information Act
830:Nebraska Public Records Law
690:Maine Freedom of Access Act
586:ILCS 5 §§ 140/1 to 140/11.6
215:
77:Administrative Procedure Act
7:
2939:Office of Open Government.
1276:
1246:Freedom of Information Act
1212:Wisconsin Open Records Law
813:Montana Public Records Act
795:Missouri Public Records Act
620:Iowa Code §§ 22.1 to 22.16
407:Arizona Public Records Law
373:Alabama Public Records Law
356:Freedom of Information Law
64:The most important was the
10:
3152:
2799:Vermont Secretary of State
2630:The Office of Open Records
1985:Advocate (Idaho State Bar)
1602:Kaye, Janet (2008-06-05),
1589:"State Public Record Laws"
1088:Tennessee Open Records Act
1070:South Dakota Sunshine Law
1039:P.L. §§ 38-2-1 to 38-2-16
1002:Oregon Public Records Law
985:Oklahoma Open Records Act
903:NMSA §§ 14-2-1 to 14-2-12
850:N.R.S. §§ 239.010-239.340
676:La.R.S. §§ 44:31 to 44:41
651:Kentucky Open Records Act
390:Alaska Public Records Act
194:
85:Freedom of Information Act
66:Freedom of Information Act
57:
3100:
3050:
2621:Pileggi, Dominic (2007).
1365:United States v. Reynolds
1142:Vermont Open Records Law
564:Idaho Public Records Act
530:Georgia Open Records Act
461:Colorado Open Records Act
41:Constitutional Convention
3131:Law of the United States
847:Nevada Open Records Act
637:KSA §§ 45–215 to 45-524
634:Kansas Open Records Act
365:Who May Request Records
133:Presidential Records Act
125:Ethics in Government Act
1979:Younger, Cally (2015).
1908:Kalil, Earl L. (1975).
1320:
682:Any person 18 or older
3136:Classified information
1910:"Florida Sunshine Law"
1701:: CS1 maint: others (
968:Ohio Open Records Law
920:Pub. Off. §§ 84 to 90
693:Tit. 1, §§ 400 to 434
617:Iowa Open Records Law
2522:"Open Records Manual"
1243:District of Columbia
1229:Wyoming Sunshine Law
951:Open Records Statute
513:Florida Sunshine Law
183:Executive Order 13392
169:Executive Order 13233
117:Inspector General Act
1437:Edwards, K. (2003).
205:William French Smith
150:Proposed legislation
1914:Florida Bar Journal
1604:"Open Meetings Law"
173:Alberto R. Gonzales
54:Federal legislation
31:, and local level.
1019:Right-to-Know Law
864:Right to Know Law
313:. You can help by
3113:
3112:
1680:978-0-8377-4269-4
1625:978-1-4051-8640-7
1552:. 13 August 2014.
1536:National Archives
1333:McBurney v. Young
1259:
1258:
331:
330:
294:State legislation
283:
282:
3143:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3014:
3013:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2872:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2627:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1692:
1665:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1434:
1425:
1424:
1384:
1298:Declassification
1270:
1267:
660:From Kentucky: "
350:
349:
326:
323:
305:
298:
278:
275:
269:
262:factual accuracy
254:
253:
246:
144:PL 104-231; 1996
3151:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3096:
3046:
3041:
2988:
2983:
2974:
2972:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2949:
2947:
2937:
2933:
2924:
2922:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2900:
2898:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2864:
2860:
2851:
2849:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2827:
2825:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2803:
2801:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2779:
2777:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2755:
2753:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2731:
2729:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2707:
2705:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2683:
2681:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2659:
2657:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2632:
2625:
2619:
2615:
2606:
2604:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2582:
2580:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2558:
2556:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2524:
2518:
2514:
2505:
2503:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2481:
2479:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2457:
2455:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2433:
2431:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2409:
2407:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2385:
2383:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2361:
2359:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2336:
2334:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2312:
2310:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2288:
2286:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2264:
2262:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2240:
2238:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2216:
2214:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2192:
2190:
2180:Washington Post
2174:
2173:
2169:
2160:
2158:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2136:
2134:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2112:
2110:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2088:
2086:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2064:
2062:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2030:
2024:
2020:
2011:
2009:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1977:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1940:
1938:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1906:
1902:
1893:
1891:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1869:
1867:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1845:
1843:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1821:
1819:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1797:
1795:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1773:
1771:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1749:
1747:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1694:
1693:
1681:
1667:
1666:
1659:
1650:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1600:
1596:
1591:. FOIAdvocates.
1587:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1435:
1428:
1385:
1378:
1374:
1323:
1306:
1293:Open government
1279:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1050:South Carolina
931:North Carolina
348:
327:
321:
318:
311:needs expansion
296:
279:
273:
270:
267:
259:This article's
255:
251:
244:
227:
218:
197:
192:
165:
152:
136:PL 95-591; 1978
128:PL 95-521; 1978
120:PL 95-452; 1978
112:PL 94-409; 1976
104:PL 93-344; 1974
96:PL 92-463; 1972
88:PL 85-619; 1966
80:PL 79-404; 1946
62:
56:
37:
12:
11:
5:
3149:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3080:United Kingdom
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3040:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2987:
2986:External links
2984:
2982:
2981:
2957:
2931:
2907:
2883:
2858:
2834:
2810:
2786:
2762:
2738:
2714:
2690:
2666:
2642:
2613:
2589:
2565:
2541:
2512:
2488:
2464:
2440:
2416:
2392:
2368:
2343:
2319:
2295:
2271:
2247:
2223:
2199:
2167:
2143:
2119:
2095:
2071:
2047:
2018:
1994:
1971:
1947:
1923:
1900:
1876:
1852:
1828:
1804:
1780:
1756:
1732:
1708:
1679:
1657:
1636:
1624:
1594:
1580:
1569:
1555:
1541:
1531:whitehouse.gov
1517:
1495:
1466:
1459:
1426:
1399:(3): 265–310.
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1192:West Virginia
1189:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
996:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
979:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
962:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
945:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
928:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
911:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
894:
893:
890:
887:
884:
879:
875:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
861:New Hampshire
858:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
841:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
824:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
807:
806:
803:
800:
797:
792:
788:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
771:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
754:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
737:
736:
733:
730:
727:
722:
721:Massachusetts
718:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
701:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
684:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
667:
666:
658:
655:
652:
649:
645:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
628:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
611:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
594:
593:
590:
587:
584:
579:
575:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
558:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
541:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
524:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
507:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
490:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
473:
472:
469:
466:
463:
458:
454:
453:
450:
447:
444:
439:
435:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
418:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
401:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
384:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
367:
366:
363:
362:First Enacted
360:
357:
354:
347:
344:
329:
328:
308:
306:
295:
292:
281:
280:
258:
256:
249:
243:
242:AG Holder Memo
240:
226:
223:
217:
214:
196:
193:
191:
188:
187:
186:
180:
177:George W. Bush
175:and issued by
164:
161:
160:
159:
151:
148:
147:
146:
138:
130:
122:
114:
106:
98:
90:
82:
70:Lyndon Johnson
58:Main article:
55:
52:
48:public records
36:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3148:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3093:
3092:United States
3090:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2992:Sunshine Week
2990:
2989:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2946:
2942:
2935:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2869:
2862:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2776:
2772:
2766:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1704:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1662:
1646:
1640:
1627:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1573:
1565:
1559:
1551:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1505:
1499:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1470:
1462:
1460:9780123876706
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1431:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1310:Jason Leopold
1308:
1307:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1288:Sunshine Week
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1067:South Dakota
1066:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1033:Rhode Island
1032:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1016:Pennsylvania
1015:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
980:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
963:
959:
956:
953:
950:
948:North Dakota
947:
946:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
929:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
912:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
895:
891:
888:
885:
883:
880:
877:
876:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
859:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
842:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
825:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
808:
804:
801:
798:
796:
793:
790:
789:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
772:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
755:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
738:
734:
731:
728:
726:
723:
720:
719:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
702:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
685:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
668:
664:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
646:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
629:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
612:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
595:
591:
588:
585:
583:
580:
577:
576:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
559:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
542:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
525:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
508:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
491:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
474:
470:
467:
464:
462:
459:
456:
455:
451:
448:
445:
443:
440:
437:
436:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
419:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
402:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
385:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
368:
364:
361:
359:Code Section
358:
355:
352:
351:
343:
339:
336:
325:
322:November 2013
316:
312:
309:This section
307:
304:
300:
299:
291:
288:
277:
274:February 2018
265:
263:
257:
248:
247:
239:
235:
232:
231:John Ashcroft
225:Ashcroft Memo
222:
213:
210:
206:
202:
184:
181:
178:
174:
171:, drafted by
170:
167:
166:
157:
154:
153:
145:
142:
139:
137:
134:
131:
129:
126:
123:
121:
118:
115:
113:
110:
107:
105:
102:
99:
97:
94:
91:
89:
86:
83:
81:
78:
75:
74:
73:
71:
67:
61:
51:
49:
44:
42:
35:Federal level
32:
30:
26:
25:federal level
22:
18:
2973:. Retrieved
2969:
2960:
2948:. Retrieved
2944:
2934:
2923:. Retrieved
2919:
2910:
2899:. Retrieved
2895:
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
2861:
2850:. Retrieved
2846:
2837:
2826:. Retrieved
2822:
2813:
2802:. Retrieved
2798:
2789:
2778:. Retrieved
2774:
2765:
2754:. Retrieved
2750:
2741:
2730:. Retrieved
2726:
2717:
2706:. Retrieved
2702:
2693:
2682:. Retrieved
2678:
2669:
2658:. Retrieved
2654:
2645:
2633:. Retrieved
2629:
2616:
2605:. Retrieved
2601:
2592:
2581:. Retrieved
2577:
2568:
2557:. Retrieved
2553:
2544:
2532:. Retrieved
2528:
2515:
2504:. Retrieved
2500:
2491:
2480:. Retrieved
2476:
2467:
2456:. Retrieved
2452:
2443:
2432:. Retrieved
2428:
2419:
2408:. Retrieved
2404:
2395:
2384:. Retrieved
2380:
2371:
2360:. Retrieved
2355:
2346:
2335:. Retrieved
2331:
2322:
2311:. Retrieved
2307:
2298:
2287:. Retrieved
2283:
2274:
2263:. Retrieved
2259:
2250:
2239:. Retrieved
2235:
2226:
2215:. Retrieved
2211:
2202:
2191:. Retrieved
2179:
2170:
2159:. Retrieved
2155:
2146:
2135:. Retrieved
2131:
2122:
2111:. Retrieved
2107:
2098:
2087:. Retrieved
2083:
2074:
2063:. Retrieved
2059:
2050:
2038:. Retrieved
2034:
2021:
2010:. Retrieved
2006:
1997:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1963:. Retrieved
1959:
1950:
1939:. Retrieved
1935:
1926:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1892:. Retrieved
1888:
1879:
1868:. Retrieved
1864:
1855:
1844:. Retrieved
1840:
1831:
1820:. Retrieved
1816:
1807:
1796:. Retrieved
1792:
1783:
1772:. Retrieved
1768:
1759:
1748:. Retrieved
1744:
1735:
1724:. Retrieved
1720:
1711:
1669:
1649:. Retrieved
1639:
1629:, retrieved
1607:
1597:
1583:
1572:
1558:
1544:
1529:
1520:
1508:. Retrieved
1498:
1486:. Retrieved
1479:
1469:
1442:
1396:
1392:
1363:
1331:
1315:Ryan Shapiro
1265:
873:Any citizen
774:Mississippi
661:
476:Connecticut
382:Any citizen
340:
332:
319:
315:adding to it
310:
284:
271:
260:
236:
228:
219:
201:Griffin Bell
198:
63:
45:
38:
16:
15:
3075:Philippines
3070:New Zealand
1817:post.ca.gov
1354:Patriot Act
1304:Individuals
1255:Any person
1238:Any person
1221:Any person
1204:Any person
1187:Any person
1173:Washington
1151:Any person
1134:Any person
1117:Any person
1079:Any person
1062:Any person
1045:Any person
1011:Any person
994:Any person
977:Any person
960:Any person
943:Any person
926:Any person
909:Any person
897:New Mexico
878:New Jersey
856:Any person
839:Any person
822:Any person
786:Any person
769:Any person
752:Any person
735:Any person
716:Any person
699:Any person
643:Any person
626:Any person
609:Any person
592:Any person
573:Any person
556:Any person
522:Any person
488:Any person
471:Any person
452:Any person
438:California
416:Any person
399:Any person
335:U.S. states
287:Eric Holder
29:state level
3120:Categories
2975:2023-03-05
2925:2023-03-09
2901:2023-03-06
2852:2023-03-06
2828:2023-03-06
2804:2023-03-06
2780:2023-03-06
2756:2023-03-06
2732:2023-03-09
2708:2023-03-06
2684:2023-03-06
2660:2023-03-06
2607:2023-03-06
2583:2023-03-06
2559:2023-03-06
2506:2023-03-06
2482:2023-03-06
2458:2023-03-06
2434:2023-03-06
2410:2023-03-06
2386:2023-03-06
2362:2023-03-06
2337:2023-03-06
2313:2023-03-06
2304:"Missouri"
2289:2023-03-06
2265:2023-03-06
2241:2023-03-06
2217:2023-03-06
2193:2023-03-07
2161:2023-03-06
2137:2023-03-05
2113:2023-03-05
2089:2023-03-05
2065:2023-03-05
2012:2023-03-05
1965:2023-03-05
1941:2023-03-05
1894:2023-03-05
1870:2023-03-05
1846:2023-03-05
1822:2023-03-05
1798:2023-03-05
1774:2023-03-05
1750:2023-03-05
1726:2023-03-05
1689:1343162981
1651:2023-03-17
1631:2023-03-16
1372:References
1209:Wisconsin
1084:Tennessee
757:Minnesota
670:Louisiana
333:All fifty
209:Janet Reno
3105:Elsewhere
2188:0190-8286
1697:cite book
1445:: 53–67.
1421:144106823
1413:1081-1680
1156:Virginia
982:Oklahoma
914:New York
827:Nebraska
791:Missouri
740:Michigan
704:Maryland
648:Kentucky
578:Illinois
493:Delaware
457:Colorado
421:Arkansas
216:Reno Memo
3085:Scotland
2950:March 3,
2876:March 9,
2635:March 9,
2598:"Oregon"
2534:March 9,
2040:March 3,
1510:19 April
1488:19 April
1481:Politico
1339:Muckrock
1277:See also
1226:Wyoming
1139:Vermont
810:Montana
597:Indiana
527:Georgia
510:Florida
404:Arizona
370:Alabama
2945:Open DC
999:Oregon
844:Nevada
631:Kansas
544:Hawaii
387:Alaska
195:History
3060:France
3055:Canada
2358:. 2023
2186:
1687:
1677:
1647:. 2007
1622:
1484:(blog)
1457:
1419:
1411:
1103:Texas
687:Maine
561:Idaho
353:State
3065:India
2871:(PDF)
2626:(PDF)
2525:(PDF)
2031:(PDF)
1417:S2CID
1252:1974
1235:1983
1218:1981
1201:1977
1184:1972
1165:1968
1148:1976
1131:1991
1122:Utah
1114:1973
1095:1957
1076:2009
1059:1974
1042:1979
1025:1957
1008:1973
991:1999
974:1963
965:Ohio
957:1957
940:1995
923:1974
906:1993
889:2002
870:1967
853:1911
836:1866
819:1895
802:1961
783:1983
766:1974
749:1977
732:1897
713:1970
696:1959
679:1940
657:1976
640:1984
623:1967
614:Iowa
606:1983
589:1984
570:1990
553:1975
536:1959
519:1967
502:1977
485:1975
468:1969
449:1968
430:1967
413:1901
396:1900
379:1923
2952:2023
2878:2023
2637:2023
2536:2023
2184:ISSN
2042:2022
1703:link
1685:OCLC
1675:ISBN
1620:ISBN
1512:2015
1504:FOIA
1490:2015
1455:ISBN
1409:ISSN
1321:U.S.
1612:doi
1447:doi
1401:doi
317:.
3122::
2968:.
2943:.
2918:.
2894:.
2845:.
2821:.
2797:.
2773:.
2749:.
2725:.
2701:.
2677:.
2653:.
2628:.
2600:.
2576:.
2552:.
2527:.
2499:.
2475:.
2451:.
2427:.
2403:.
2379:.
2354:.
2330:.
2306:.
2282:.
2258:.
2234:.
2210:.
2182:.
2178:.
2154:.
2130:.
2106:.
2082:.
2058:.
2033:.
2005:.
1989:58
1987:.
1983:.
1958:.
1934:.
1918:49
1916:.
1912:.
1887:.
1863:.
1839:.
1815:.
1791:.
1767:.
1743:.
1719:.
1699:}}
1695:{{
1683:.
1660:^
1618:,
1528:.
1478:.
1453:.
1441:.
1429:^
1415:.
1407:.
1397:15
1395:.
1391:.
1379:^
72:.
50:.
27:,
3036:e
3029:t
3022:v
2999:.
2978:.
2954:.
2928:.
2904:.
2880:.
2855:.
2831:.
2807:.
2783:.
2759:.
2735:.
2711:.
2687:.
2663:.
2639:.
2610:.
2586:.
2562:.
2538:.
2509:.
2485:.
2461:.
2437:.
2413:.
2389:.
2365:.
2340:.
2316:.
2292:.
2268:.
2244:.
2220:.
2196:.
2164:.
2140:.
2116:.
2092:.
2068:.
2044:.
2015:.
1968:.
1944:.
1897:.
1873:.
1849:.
1825:.
1801:.
1777:.
1753:.
1729:.
1705:)
1691:.
1654:.
1614::
1566:.
1538:.
1514:.
1492:.
1449::
1423:.
1403::
324:)
320:(
276:)
272:(
266:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.