732:
on the moving plane, causing it to go out of control and crash into a building. One person who died, Leiron Kogoya, a journalist for Papua Pos, had suffered a neck gunshot wound. Amongst those wounded were the pilot, Beby Astek, and co-pilot, Willy
Resubun, both wounded by shrapnel; Yanti Korwa, a housewife who was hurt by shrapnel on her right arm, and her four-year-old infant, Pako Korwa, who was afflicted by shrapnel on his left hand. In response to the allegations, West Papuan media source denied that the OPM was responsible for the attack, alleging that the Indonesian military had attacked the plane as a part of a
655:". At around 22:00 that night several unidentified people cut Freeport's slurry and fuel pipelines by hacksaw, causing "a substantial loss of slurry, containing copper, silver and gold ores and diesel fuel." Additionally, the saboteurs set fire along the breaks in the fuel line, and shot at police that tried to approach the fires. On 14 April of that same year, OPM insurgents cut more pipelines, slashed electric wires, vandalised plumbing, and burned equipment tyres. Repair crews were attacked by OPM gunfire as they approached the sites of the damage, so Freeport requested police and military assistance.
720:
176:
664:
74:
354:
231:
200:
63:
1070:
1019:, says it has nine more or less independent commands. Australian freelance journalist Ben Bohane says it has seven independent commands. Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI), Indonesia's army, says the OPM has two main wings, the 'Victoria Headquarters' and 'Defenders of Truth'. The former is small, and was led by M L Prawar until he was shot dead in 1991. The latter is much larger and operates all over West Papua.
766:. One of construction workers had allegedly photographed the group raising the Morning Star flag at an independence celebration - considered illegal acts by Indonesian authorities. The construction workers were building a part of the Trans Papua highway that aims to connect remote communities in Papua. A few days after the incident, the OPM allegedly sent an open letter to Indonesian president
882:
insurgents from the Papua movement. The group said that he would not be freed from captivity until authorities recognise the independence of the region. In June 2024, it was reported that the rebels wanted to free
Mehrtens, but there had been "complications" including a failed rescue in April which left casualties on both sides. On 21 September 2024, Mehrtens was freed.
770:, demanding Papuan independence, rejecting central government infrastructure building projects, and demanding the right for foreign journalists and aid workers to enter Papua. In reprisals to obtain the massacred workers' bodies, the Indonesian military allegedly carried out airstrikes on at least four villages and used
1026:
Prior to this separation, TPN/OPM was one, under the leadership of Seth
Roemkorem as the Commander of OPM, then the President of West Papua Provisional Government, while Jacob Prai as the Head of Senate. OPM reached its peak in organisation and management as it was structurally well organised. During
619:
In 1982 a OPM Revolutionary
Council (OPMRC) was established, and under the chairmanship of Moses Werror the OPMRC has sought independence through a campaign of international diplomacy. OPMRC aims to obtain international recognition for West Papuan independence through international forums such as the
299:
The movement consists of three elements: a disparate group of armed units each with limited territorial control with no single commander; several groups in the territory that conduct demonstrations and protests; and a small group of leaders based abroad that raise awareness of issues in the territory
1034:
Due to the rivalry, Roemkorem left his base and went to the
Netherlands. During this time, Prai took over the leadership. John Otto Ondawame, who had left his law school in Jayapura because of being followed and threatened with death by the Indonesian ABRI day and night, became the right-hand man of
881:
that operates flights in and out of Papua. The TPNPB has claimed responsibility for the kidnapping and attack, stating that they would be targeting all foreigners as a part of their campaign. On the 15th of
February, photos of the pilot showed him to be in relatively good health and guarded by armed
534:
system (a process known as a referendum or plebiscite) but these requests were refused on the grounds that such activity was not specified nor requested by the 1962 New York
Agreement. One thousand and twenty five Papuan elders were selected from and instructed on the required procedure as specified
731:
On 8 April 2012, Indonesian media sources alleged that armed members of OPM carried out an attack on a civilian aircraft flown by
Trigana Air on a scheduled service after it landed and was taxiing towards an apron at Mulia Airport on Puncak Jaya, Papua. Five armed OPM militants suddenly opened fire
562:
Conflicts over strategy and suspicion between
Roemkorem and Prai soon initiated a split of the OPM into two factions; Prai left in March 1976 and by December founded 'Defender of Truth', and TPN led by Roemkorem in 'Victoria Headquarters'. This greatly weakened OPM's ability as a centralized combat
518:
also believed the
Indonesian military was the cause of problems in the territory and the number of troops should be reduced by at least one half. Ambassador Galbraith further described the OPM to "represent an amorphous mass of anti-Indonesia sentiment" and that "possibly 85 to 90 percent , are in
497:
which was to be called the "Act of Free Choice"; the New York Agreement instead provided a seven year delay and gave the United Nations no authority to supervise the act. Separatist groups raise the West Papua Morning Star flag each year on 1 December, which they call "Papuan independence day". An
705:
On 24 October 2011, Adj. Comr. Dominggus Oktavianus Awes, the Mulia Police chief, was shot by unknown assailants at Mulia Airport in Puncak Jaya regency. The National Police of Indonesia alleged that the perpetrators were members of the Free Papua Movement (OPM) separatist group. The series of
650:
On 14 February 1986, Freeport Indonesia received information that the OPM was again becoming active in their area, and that some of Freeport's employees were OPM members or sympathisers. On 18 February, a letter signed by a "Rebel General" warned that "On Wed. 19th, there will be some rain on
1042:
for Nemangkawi (Fakfak regency), Tadeus Yogi (Paniai Regency), and Bernardus Mawen for Maroke region. Tadeus Yogi died on 9 January 2009 suspected of poisoning, Kelly Kwalik was shot and killed on 16 December 2009, while Benard Mawen died in Kiunga hospital, PNG on 16 November 2018.
808:. Many of the protests involved thousands of participants, and some grew from local protests in Surabaya to demanding an independence referendum. In several locations, the protests turned into general riots, resulting in the destruction of government buildings in
602:
received letters from the OPM threatening the company and demanding assistance in a planned uprising in the spring. The company refused to cooperate with OPM. From July until 7 September 1977, OPM insurgents carried out their threats against Freeport and cut
424:
kept the two regions separate. The OPM was founded in December 1963, with the announcement that "We do not want modern life! We refuse any kinds of development: religious groups, aid agencies, and governmental organizations just Leave Us
1022:
The larger organisation, or 'Defender of the Truth' or Pembela Kebenaran (henceforth PEMKA), was chaired by Jacob Prai, and Seth Roemkorem was the leader of Victoria Faction. During the killing of Prawar, Roemkorem was his commander.
439:
and was led by Aser Demotekay, former head of Demta District. His policy of nonviolence and cooperation with Indonesian government, led to the creation of a more radical splinter group under Jacob Prai, former student of Demotekay.
639:, the provincial capital and a city dominated by non-Melanesian Indonesians. The attack was quickly repelled by the Indonesian military, who followed it with broader counter-insurgency activity. This triggered an exodus of Papuan
754:
OPM sympathizer and a far-right nationalist was arrested in Wamena along with four Papuans who police described as linked to "armed criminal groups" and was charged with treason. He later sentenced five year in prison.
411:
The pre-war relationship of the Netherlands and its New Guinea colony was replaced with the promotion of Papuan civil and other services until Indonesian administration began in 1963. Though there was agreement between
463:, and there was a proposal for United Nations trusteeship of West New Guinea, Indonesian President Sukarno said he was willing 'to borrow the hand of the United Nations to transfer the territory to Indonesia', and the
2726:
727:
On 31 January 2012, an OPM member was caught carrying 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) of drugs on the Indonesian â Papua New Guinea Border. It was alleged that the drugs were intended to be sold in the city of Jayapura.
1035:
Jacob Prai. It was Prai's initiative to establish OPM Regional Commanders. He appointed nine of them, most of whom were members of his own troops at the PEMKA headquarter, Skotiau, Vanimo-West Papua border.
820:. Clashes between protesters and counter-protesters and police resulted in injuries, with over 31 people killed from both the clashes and the rioting, mostly non-Papuan trapped when rioters burned houses.
2178:
509:
elected by the Council in 1962, lobbied the United Nations claiming 30,000 Indonesian troops and thousands of Indonesian civil servants were repressing the Papuan population. According to US Ambassador
572:
498:
Indonesian police officer speculated that people doing this could be charged with the crime of treason, which carries the penalty of imprisonment for seven to twenty years in Indonesia.
877:. The passengers were soon released, however the pilot from New Zealand named Philip Mehrtens remains in their captivity as of June 2024. The flight was operated by Indonesian airline
743:, was arrested in Australia for planning to train the OPM. He later pleaded guilty to training in the use of arms or explosives with the intention of committing an offence against the
530:
which took place from 14 July to 2 August 1969. The United Nations representative Ambassador Oritiz Sanz arrived on 22 August 1968 and made repeated requests for Indonesia to allow a
180:
716:
On 8 January 2012, OPM conducted an attack on a public bus which caused the death of three civilians and one member of an Indonesian security force. Four others were also injured.
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by 1957 that it would be preferable for their territories to unite for independence, the lack of development in the Australian territories and the interests of the
4848:
2832:
2186:
611:, slashed telephone and power cables, burned down a warehouse, and detonated explosives at various facilities. Freeport estimated the damage at $ US123,871.23.
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2353:
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2049:
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Although the Netherlands had insisted the West New Guinea people be allowed self-determination in accord with the United Nations charter and General Assembly
2288:
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1000:
494:
2438:
935:
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2339:
1882:
1121:
1927:
3123:
2126:
1399:"Document 172 â Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961â1963, Volume XXIII, Southeast Asia â Historical Documents â Office of the Historian"
1837:
671:
In separate incidents in January and August 1996, OPM captured European and Indonesian hostages; first from a research group and later from a
3589:
3243:
5495:
2859:
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1997:
2100:
851:, head of the Papua intelligence agency, was killed when he was shot in the head while in an ambush in a heavily-armed military convoy.
5520:
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1083:
464:
31:
2513:
2153:
1442:
709:
On 21 January 2012, armed men, believed to be members of OPM, shot and killed a civilian who was running a roadside kiosk. He was a
1796:
1317:
1210:
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1912:
629:
17:
5505:
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force. It remains widely used, however, invoked by both contemporary fighters and domestic and expatriate political activists.
444:
316:
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4166:
2958:
2546:
1168:
5089:
5014:
3806:
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1313:
1188:
1031:
Government recognised the presence of OPM and allowed OPM to open its embassy in Dakar, with Tanggahma as the ambassador.
3181:
2262:
1867:
1047:
909:
867:
222:
1147:
5485:
5255:
3238:
3015:
1972:
4791:
2914:
2755:
2736:
506:
311:. Supporters routinely display the Morning Star flag and other symbols of Papuan unity, such as the national anthem "
1764:
778:
banned by numerous countries and international organizations. This was however denied by the Indonesian government.
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859:
848:
78:
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5195:
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4251:
3326:
1267:
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5480:
5044:
4999:
4256:
4077:
3538:
2024:
2573:"'A safe and peaceful life is impossible for us': Story of children of Papua independence fighters (Part 1/2)"
1778:
885:
On 3 April 2023, four Indonesian soldiers died and another five suffered gunshot injuries in an attack led by
5445:
are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of
5134:
5129:
5059:
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4786:
4741:
4361:
4009:
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4989:
4087:
3999:
3775:
3528:
3423:
3351:
3336:
3233:
3197:
3165:
1377:"Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs (Kohler) to Secretary of State Rusk"
397:
141:
5119:
866:
with Indonesian police and military treatment of Papuans. TPNPB-OPM claimed Russian government support of
739:
In December 2012, an Australian would-be mercenary, who was trained by a military/police security firm in
4756:
3979:
3929:
3575:
2883:
1687:
870:
as justified, and claimed that both Indonesia and Ukraine are "capitalist puppets" of the United States.
319:, which had been adopted in the period 1961 until Indonesian administration began in May 1963 under the
5114:
4994:
4025:
3465:
3036:
2904:
875:
Papuan separatists attacked and set fire to a plane, after taking the pilot and five passengers hostage
5515:
5475:
4288:
3984:
1524:"New York Times, Papuans at U.N. score Indonesia, Lobbyists asking nations to insure fair plebiscite"
1308:
5074:
4796:
1398:
1376:
1354:
862:, claiming alleged similarity of Ukrainian police and military treatment of the Russian minority as
5391:
5049:
4853:
3765:
2380:"NZ pilot freed after being held hostage by armed rebels in Indonesia's Papua region for 19 months"
1099:
678:
In July 1998, the OPM raised their independence flag at the Kota Biak water tower on the island of
535:
by the article 1962 New York Agreement. The result was a consensus for integration into Indonesia.
511:
2641:"The West Papuan Challenge to Indonesian Authority in Irian Jaya: Old Problems, New Possibilities"
1011:
The internal organisation of OPM is difficult to determine. In 1996 OPM's 'Supreme Commander' was
758:
On 1 December 2018, an armed group with ties to OPM kidnapped 25 civilian construction workers in
682:. They stayed there for the following few days before the Indonesian Military broke up the group.
5535:
4833:
4305:
4209:
4120:
4035:
3914:
2963:
2127:"Indonesian military describes reports of chemical weapon attacks on West Papuans as 'fake news'"
1038:
Of those regional commanders, Mathias Wenda was the commander for region II (Jayapura â Wamena),
824:
555:, planned to announce Papuan Independence in 1971. On 1 July 1971 Roemkorem and Prai declared a "
377:
348:
5411:
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719:
4781:
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556:
389:
185:
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4716:
4711:
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4047:
4004:
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3056:
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2933:
1489:
404:
resisted Japanese control and were allies with the American and Australian forces during the
293:
134:
2315:"'Our new target is all foreigners': Papuan rebels' warning after taking Kiwi pilot hostage"
1712:
5530:
5310:
5109:
4958:
4918:
4893:
4736:
4706:
4691:
4681:
4650:
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3909:
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3439:
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3139:
3108:
874:
621:
388:
and subsequently declared independence as the Republic of Indonesia on 17 August 1945. The
3253:
2705:
2468:"KKB Papua Punya Tiga Sayap Militer, Damianus Magai Yogi Klaim Sebagai Panglima Tertinggi"
1547:
8:
5360:
5240:
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4746:
4701:
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4630:
4625:
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3957:
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3660:
3491:
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3341:
3289:
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3118:
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988:
962:
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460:
332:
253:
2640:
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5029:
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4514:
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4378:
4356:
4310:
4188:
4156:
4072:
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4052:
3919:
3827:
3785:
3691:
3681:
3676:
3655:
3638:
3598:
3366:
3356:
3294:
3279:
3113:
3087:
3051:
2948:
2909:
2873:
2782:
2692:
2663:
1094:
608:
527:
523:
475:
448:
401:
320:
265:
5039:
2597:
1949:
5421:
5406:
5200:
4888:
4580:
4529:
4485:
4346:
4283:
4115:
4082:
3887:
3879:
3780:
3717:
3556:
3391:
3248:
3066:
2751:
2732:
2333:
1898:"Trained by a baron and backed by Bambi, now West Papua 'freedom fighter' faces jail"
1876:
1863:
1666:
1638:
1446:
1236:
1217:
1075:
828:
531:
474:
to get the administration of West New Guinea transferred to Indonesia. The resulting
365:
312:
304:
67:
2728:
Poisoned Arrows: An Investigative Journey to the Forbidden Territories of West Papua
1468:
272:
administration. The territory is currently divided into six Indonesian provinces of
5335:
5144:
5024:
4539:
4519:
4135:
4130:
4062:
4042:
3936:
3864:
3832:
3712:
3628:
3061:
3041:
2849:
2774:
2684:
2655:
894:
793:
771:
644:
599:
576:
452:
339:) in Indonesia, and its activities have incurred charges of treason and terrorism.
281:
158:
154:
122:
2558:
1502:"Protest and Punishment Political Prisoners in Papua Report by Human Rights Watch"
702:
was featured on an undercover report about the West Papuan independence movement.
73:
30:
For political independence United Liberation Movement for West Papua (ULMWP), see
5315:
5285:
4810:
4219:
4125:
3962:
3218:
2989:
805:
775:
482:
and signed by the Netherlands and Indonesia before being approved subject to the
471:
289:
162:
130:
5365:
2765:
van der Kroef, Justus M (August 1968). "West New Guinea: The Uncertain Future".
2487:"Ngamuk Atas Klaim Komnas HAM Temui Panglima OPM, TPNPB: Mereka Menjaring Angin"
663:
5270:
5250:
4818:
3967:
3512:
3496:
3449:
3407:
3223:
1672:
1523:
1055:
928:
886:
855:
763:
695:
544:
519:
sympathy with the Free Papua cause or at least intensely dislike Indonesians".
502:
479:
467:
308:
277:
215:
116:
2354:"Rebels in Indonesia's Papua say images show abducted NZ pilot in good health"
1501:
1122:"Dukung Rusia Serbu Ukraina, TPNPB-OPM Kecam Amerika dan Indonesia - Nasional"
5464:
4913:
4908:
4863:
4858:
4838:
4161:
3837:
3331:
2840:
1593:
1221:
1051:
1016:
1012:
974:
890:
759:
675:. Two hostages from the former group were killed and the rest were released.
548:
421:
273:
112:
2675:
Bertrand, Jacques (May 1997). ""Business as Usual" in Suharto's Indonesia".
5442:
5330:
5180:
4943:
4928:
4898:
4868:
4828:
3274:
2805:
1421:"U.S. Dept. of State Foreign Relations, 1961â63, Vol XXIII, Southeast Asia"
1039:
672:
373:
353:
1281:
303:
Since its inception, the OPM has attempted diplomatic dialogue, conducted
5401:
5370:
5350:
5230:
5185:
5139:
4968:
4953:
4948:
4883:
4823:
4300:
4173:
3486:
3284:
3046:
1208:
767:
683:
652:
417:
405:
385:
285:
126:
5416:
5260:
5190:
3686:
3648:
3310:
3149:
2845:
2786:
2696:
2667:
1569:
1548:"National Security Archive at George Washington University, Document 8"
1089:
733:
571:
552:
515:
432:
328:
149:
90:
2439:"Five TNI Soldiers still Sought for After a Shooting Contact in Nduga"
5320:
5305:
5295:
5290:
5235:
5220:
4509:
3633:
3567:
1860:
The Markets for Force: Privatization of Security Across World Regions
1838:"Doubts grow of OPM responsibility for Puncak Jaya aircraft shooting"
1173:
801:
413:
393:
392:(Western New Guinea, then a part of the Netherlands East Indies) and
324:
269:
236:
205:
2778:
2688:
2659:
1857:
792:
Fresh protests began on 19 August 2019 and mainly took place across
307:-raising ceremonies, and undertaken militant actions as part of the
62:
5280:
5205:
5079:
4963:
3258:
3005:
2514:"In Papua Fighting, Indonesian Forces Claim Rebel Commander Killed"
1148:"Libyan terrorism: the case against Gaddafi. - Free Online Library"
1006:
878:
854:
On 5 March 2022, Sebby Sambom, a TPNPB-OPM spokesperson, alongside
817:
797:
643:, apparently supported by the OPM, into camps across the border in
636:
436:
5345:
3381:
2289:"New Zealand pilot taken hostage in Indonesia, rebel group claims"
2237:"No breakthrough in hostage Kiwi pilot talks held by Papua rebels"
2075:"US intelligence classified white phosphorus as 'chemical weapon'"
1738:
Saragih, Bagus BT Saragih; Dharma Somba, Nethy (25 October 2011).
1667:
Bishop, R. Doak; Crawford, James; William Michael Reisman (2005).
5355:
5325:
5275:
5265:
5170:
4923:
4873:
3892:
3801:
3376:
3361:
3020:
3010:
1443:"Charter of the United Nations, International Trusteeship System"
1028:
836:
832:
740:
640:
381:
839:
bureau described the unrest as "Papua's most serious in years".
5225:
5210:
5175:
5165:
3228:
813:
809:
751:
604:
2050:"Istana Buka Suara Soal Dugaan Surat Terbuka OPM untuk Jokowi"
1355:"Memorandum From Secretary of State Rusk to President Kennedy"
5375:
3213:
2410:"TNI Denies 9 Soldiers Killed by Armed Group in Nduga, Papua"
2263:"Papua Separatists Burn Plane, Take N. Zealand Pilot Hostage"
1928:"Polish globe-trotter blunders into Indonesia-Papua conflict"
1669:
Foreign Investment Disputes: Cases, Materials, and Commentary
175:
1211:"The current status of the Papuan pro-independence movement"
1209:
Institute for Policy Analysis of Conflict (24 August 2015).
300:
whilst striving for international support for independence.
2748:
Indonesia's Secret War: The Guerilla Struggle in Irian Jaya
2209:"Indonesian intelligence official shot dead in Papua: Army"
2179:"Indonesia urges calm in Papua after two weeks of protests"
679:
296:, also formerly known as Papua, Irian Jaya and West Irian.
559:", and drafted a constitution in 'Victoria Headquarters'.
1950:"Indonesia jails Polish tourist who met Papuan activists"
1343:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia.
706:
attacks prompted deployments of more personnel to Papua.
585:
456:
427:
27:
1963âpresent separatist movement in Indonesian New Guinea
2800:
2462:
2460:
1619:"1 Desember, Sejarah Pengakuan Papua yang Dicap HUT OPM"
1189:"Indonesia Classifies Papuan Rebels as Terrorist Group"
264:) is a name given to an independence movement based on
2611:"Bergerilya 50 Tahun Jenderal Benard Mawen Tutup Usia"
905:
The Free Papua Movement has many armed wings, namely:
323:. Beginning in 2021, the movement is considered as a "
2598:
Indonesia police 'kill' Papua separatist Kelly Kwalik
2457:
2437:
SAPTOWALYONO, DIAN DEWI PURNAMASARI (18 April 2023).
538:
268:, seeking secession of the territory currently under
1282:"Report on Netherlands New Guinea for the year 1961"
1065:
796:
in response to the arrests of 43 Papuan students in
762:
regency, Papua. The following day, the group killed
745:
Crimes (Foreign Incursions and Recruitment) Act 1978
2101:"Indonesia denies use of chemical weapons in Papua"
1737:
1169:"Label Teroris untuk KKB Papua Akhirnya Jadi Nyata"
2544:
2313:Rompies, Chris Barrett, Karuni (8 February 2023).
2287:Teresia, Kate Lamb and Ananda (7 February 2023).
723:Free West Papua protest in Melbourne, August 2012
5462:
2639:Bell, Ian; Feith, Herb; Hatley, Ron (May 1986).
2025:"Blood on the tracks of Widodo's Papuan highway"
1007:Organisational hierarchy and governing authority
598:Starting from 1976, officials at mining company
48:
2638:
2603:
2478:
1369:
1116:
1114:
847:On 25 April 2021, Special Forces major-general
2154:"Daftar Nama 31 Korban Tewas Kerusuhan Wamena"
2145:
1835:
1688:"Filep Karma and the fight for Papua's future"
1610:
1391:
505:, member of the New Guinea Council and of the
3583:
2826:
2764:
2731:(2nd ed.). Devon, England: Green Books.
1973:"Papua massPapua mass killing: What happened"
1858:Dunigan, Molly and Petersohn, Ulrich (2015),
2436:
2338:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1970:
1913:"Granddad mercenary admits to arms training"
1881:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1570:"New York Times interview July 5, 1969"
1111:
667:Free West Papua protest in Netherlands, 2008
455:there was a desire for Indonesia to release
2860:List of active separatist movements in Asia
1971:Tehusijarana, Karina M. (7 December 2018).
1332:
1274:
451:was inaugurated in April 1961. However, in
5441:: Forms of nationalism based primarily on
5085:Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines)
3590:
3576:
2833:
2819:
1413:
2565:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2505:
1662:
1660:
1616:
1216:. IPAC Report No.21. Jakarta, Indonesia.
1084:United Liberation Movement for West Papua
575:Free Papua Movement graffiti in Sentani,
32:United Liberation Movement for West Papua
2674:
1347:
718:
662:
570:
352:
5501:Organizations based in Papua (province)
2745:
2724:
2407:
2312:
2286:
1992:
1990:
1685:
1338:
1261:
921:Tentara Pembebasan Nasional Papua Barat
781:
630:Association of South East Asian Nations
14:
5463:
5045:Galician independence movement (Spain)
3597:
2531:
2484:
2171:
2022:
1925:
1657:
1469:"17th session of the General Assembly"
1341:Pemberontakan Organisasi Papua Merdeka
1255:
1204:
1202:
526:oversaw the design and conduct of the
5095:Patani United Liberation Organisation
5065:Inner Mongolian independence movement
3571:
2814:
2703:
2432:
2430:
2403:
2401:
2231:
2229:
2152:Purba, John Roy (26 September 2019).
2151:
1926:Wright, Stephen (25 September 2018).
1910:
1895:
1163:
1161:
694:In 2009, an OPM command group led by
5090:National Liberation Front of Corsica
5015:East Turkestan independence movement
2511:
2485:Rohmat, Rohmat (11 September 2022).
1987:
1314:University of Maryland, College Park
1998:"Chemical weapons dropped on Papua"
1713:"Papua's struggle for independence"
1262:Lintner, Bertil (22 January 2009).
1199:
910:West Papua National Liberation Army
24:
5496:Secessionist organizations in Asia
2632:
2427:
2408:Arkyasa, Mahinda (17 April 2023).
2398:
2226:
1617:Indonesia, CNN (1 December 2021).
1401:. History.state.gov. 24 April 1961
1296:
1158:
539:Republic of West Papua Declaration
514:, the Indonesian Foreign Minister
431:]" Originally the group was a
25:
5547:
5521:Organizations established in 1965
2794:
1686:Chauvel, Richard (6 April 2011).
1264:"Papuans Try to Keep Cause Alive"
1015:. An OPM spokesperson in Sydney,
380:(later Indonesia) were guided by
5526:1965 establishments in Indonesia
2704:Evans, Julian (24 August 1996).
2185:. 30 August 2019. Archived from
2023:McBeth, John (5 December 2018).
1068:
860:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
849:I Gusti Putu Danny Karya Nugraha
823:In response to the rioting, the
635:In 1984 OPM staged an attack on
488:General Assembly resolution 1752
229:
198:
174:
72:
61:
5196:Basque Country (greater region)
5055:Guangdong Independence Movement
2591:
2372:
2346:
2306:
2280:
2255:
2201:
2119:
2093:
2067:
2042:
2016:
1964:
1942:
1919:
1904:
1889:
1851:
1836:westpapuamedia (9 April 2012).
1829:
1821:(in Indonesian). Archived from
1811:
1795:(in Indonesian). Archived from
1785:
1771:
1757:
1731:
1705:
1679:
1586:
1562:
1540:
1516:
1494:
1483:
1461:
1435:
1266:. Jakarta Globe. Archived from
842:
764:19 of the workers and a soldier
689:
223:Designated as a terrorist group
5000:Assyrian independence movement
1952:. Associated Press. 2 May 2019
1896:Oakes, Dan (7 December 2012).
1862:, University of Pennsylvania,
1181:
1140:
953:) led by Damianus Magai Yogi.
804:for alleged disrespect of the
470:began to lobby U.S. President
337:Kelompok Teroris dan Separatis
103:1 December 1963 â present
13:
1:
5506:History of Western New Guinea
5135:Vojvodina Autonomist Movement
5130:Tibetan independence movement
5060:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
5020:Faroese independence movement
5005:Catalan independence movement
2750:. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
2706:"Last stand of Stone Age man"
1781:(in Indonesian). August 2011.
1594:"Interview May 10, 1969"
1128:(in Indonesian). 5 March 2022
1105:
957:West Papua Revolutionary Army
900:
566:
522:Indonesian Brigadier General
484:Charter of the United Nations
5216:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
5125:Taiwan independence movement
5100:Ryukyu independence movement
5010:Champa independence movement
4990:Alsace independence movement
1915:. The Sydney Morning Herald.
1900:. The Sydney Morning Herald.
1740:"Police hunt for OPM rebels"
1177:(in Indonesian). April 2021.
993:Tentara Nasional Papua Barat
435:spiritual movement based in
396:administered territories of
7:
5080:Mapuche separatist movement
2545:van Klinken, Gerry (1996).
1911:Oakes, Dan (10 July 2013).
1504:. Hrw.org. 21 February 2007
1339:Djopari, John R.G. (1993).
1304:"Free Papua Movement (OPM)"
1061:
1046:The armed military wing of
967:Tentara Revolusi West Papua
10:
5552:
5115:Silesian Autonomy Movement
4995:Assam separatist movements
4150:Northern & Middle Asia
2600:BBC News, 16 December 2009
1490:Text of New York Agreement
785:
686:was among those arrested.
346:
342:
29:
5486:Rebel groups in Indonesia
5432:
5384:
5158:
5120:Székely autonomy movement
4982:
4809:
4774:
4729:
4659:
4618:
4600:
4593:
4548:
4505:
4498:
4473:
4437:
4409:
4402:
4329:
4239:
4232:
4197:
4149:
4103:
4018:
3945:
3857:
3850:
3815:
3794:
3753:
3746:
3726:
3705:
3669:
3621:
3614:
3605:
3549:
3521:
3505:
3474:
3458:
3432:
3416:
3400:
3319:
3303:
3267:
3206:
3190:
3174:
3158:
3132:
3101:
3080:
3029:
2998:
2982:
2923:
2892:
2866:
2857:
2725:Monbiot, George (2003) .
1793:"Suararpembaruan article"
1309:Global Terrorism Database
465:National Security Advisor
221:
211:
193:
169:
140:
107:
97:
86:
58:
46:
41:
5050:Greenlandic independence
1445:. Un.org. Archived from
1100:Mapenduma hostage crisis
982:West Papua National Army
658:
614:
593:
547:and two OPM commanders,
258:Organisasi Papua Merdeka
50:Organisasi Papua Merdeka
5491:Separatism in Indonesia
2746:Osborne, Robin (1985).
868:pro-Russian separatists
825:government of Indonesia
443:Netherlands New Guinea
378:Netherlands East Indies
349:West New Guinea dispute
250:Free Papua Organization
18:Free Papua Organization
5471:Independence movements
5075:MÄori protest movement
1152:www.thefreelibrary.com
992:
966:
946:
920:
724:
668:
590:
557:Republic of West Papua
490:on 21 September 1962.
447:in January 1961 and a
390:Netherlands New Guinea
384:to supply oil for the
369:
358:Bendera Bintang Kejora
336:
257:
49:
5511:New Order (Indonesia)
5481:West Papua (province)
5105:Scottish independence
5070:Kashubian Association
4792:Indigenous Australian
2850:stateless nationalism
2512:Strangio, Sebastian.
1765:"Antara News article"
1054:, Papua is headed by
927:) (TPNPB-OPM) led by
722:
666:
574:
549:Seth Jafeth Roemkorem
356:
317:national coat of arms
5311:Marathi Abhimaangeet
5110:Siberian regionalism
2806:FAS.org: OPM listing
2189:on 15 September 2019
782:2019 Papuan protests
750:On 26 April 2018, a
622:Non-Aligned Movement
620:United Nations, The
495:Resolution 1514 (XV)
5402:American Indigenous
5035:Free Papua Movement
4445:Balkar and Karachay
4240:Southeastern Europe
3771:Indigenous Canadian
3327:Balkar and Karachay
2386:. 21 September 2024
1819:"Viva News article"
1675:. pp. 609â611.
1379:. History.state.gov
1357:. History.state.gov
947:Tentara Papua Barat
788:2019 Papua protests
713:from West Sumatra.
700:Puncak Jaya Regency
626:South Pacific Forum
386:Japanese war effort
246:Free Papua Movement
108:Active regions
42:Free Papua Movement
5447:ethnic nationalism
5150:Welsh independence
5030:Free Aceh Movement
4262:in North Macedonia
4104:South-eastern Asia
3599:Ethnic nationalism
2959:Southern Mongolian
2617:. 17 November 2018
2360:. 15 February 2023
2133:. 23 December 2018
2107:. 24 December 2018
2081:. 23 November 2005
2004:. 22 December 2018
2002:The Saturday Paper
1975:. The Jakarta Post
1930:. Associated Press
1649:has generic name (
1247:has generic name (
1095:Self-determination
1017:John Otto Ondawame
835:reporter from the
725:
669:
600:Freeport Indonesia
591:
553:Jacob Hendrik Prai
528:Act of Free Choice
507:National Committee
476:New York Agreement
449:New Guinea Council
402:British New Guinea
370:
321:New York Agreement
266:Western New Guinea
147:Papuan nationalism
121:less prominent in
99:Dates of operation
91:Jacob Hendrik Prai
5458:
5457:
5201:Catalan Countries
4805:
4804:
4770:
4769:
4725:
4724:
4589:
4588:
4494:
4493:
4228:
4227:
3846:
3845:
3742:
3741:
3565:
3564:
3124:South Azerbaijani
2579:. 31 January 2022
2547:"OPM information"
2474:. 5 January 2023.
2213:www.aljazeera.com
1825:on 11 April 2012.
1270:on 1 August 2013.
1076:New Guinea portal
831:in the region. A
829:internet blackout
532:one man, one vote
501:In October 1968,
366:Morning Star flag
313:Hai Tanahku Papua
305:Morning Star flag
242:
241:
189:
111:Predominantly in
16:(Redirected from
5543:
5516:Post-Suharto era
5476:Papua (province)
5451:
5336:Republika Srpska
5145:Walloon Movement
5025:Flemish Movement
4598:
4597:
4503:
4502:
4407:
4406:
4237:
4236:
3855:
3854:
3751:
3750:
3619:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3569:
3568:
3542:
3497:Western Armenian
3182:North Kazakhstan
2884:South Turkestani
2835:
2828:
2821:
2812:
2811:
2790:
2761:
2742:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2700:
2671:
2645:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2577:West Papua Daily
2569:
2563:
2562:
2557:. Archived from
2551:Inside Indonesia
2542:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2464:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2434:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2405:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2337:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2105:The Jakarta Post
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1872:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1799:on 1 August 2013
1789:
1783:
1782:
1779:"Berita article"
1775:
1769:
1768:
1767:(in Indonesian).
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1744:The Jakarta Post
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1574:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1528:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1498:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1316:. Archived from
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1165:
1156:
1155:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1118:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1001:Fernando Worobay
794:Indonesian Papua
772:white phosphorus
645:Papua New Guinea
624:of Nations, The
453:Washington, D.C.
425:Alone! [
235:
233:
232:
212:Battles and wars
204:
202:
201:
183:
179:
178:
159:Anti-imperialism
155:Anti-colonialism
100:
76:
65:
54:
52:
39:
38:
21:
5551:
5550:
5546:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5540:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5454:
5436:
5428:
5380:
5316:Northern Epirus
5286:Ketuanan Melayu
5154:
5040:Future of Ă
land
4978:
4914:Native American
4811:Pan-nationalism
4801:
4766:
4730:Northern Europe
4721:
4655:
4614:
4594:Southern Europe
4585:
4544:
4490:
4469:
4433:
4398:
4325:
4224:
4193:
4145:
4099:
4014:
3941:
3842:
3811:
3790:
3781:Native American
3738:
3727:Southern Africa
3722:
3701:
3665:
3607:
3601:
3596:
3566:
3561:
3545:
3536:
3517:
3501:
3470:
3454:
3428:
3412:
3396:
3315:
3299:
3263:
3202:
3186:
3170:
3154:
3128:
3097:
3076:
3025:
2994:
2990:Turkish Cypriot
2978:
2919:
2888:
2862:
2853:
2839:
2797:
2779:10.2307/2642586
2758:
2739:
2715:
2713:
2689:10.2307/2645520
2660:10.2307/2644481
2643:
2635:
2633:Further reading
2630:
2620:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2596:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2561:on 8 July 2007.
2543:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2493:(in Indonesian)
2483:
2479:
2466:
2465:
2458:
2448:
2446:
2445:(in Indonesian)
2435:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2406:
2399:
2389:
2387:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2361:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2331:
2330:
2323:
2321:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2285:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2235:
2234:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2160:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2079:The Independent
2073:
2072:
2068:
2058:
2056:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1969:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1924:
1920:
1909:
1905:
1894:
1890:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1869:978-081224686-5
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1834:
1830:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1746:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1719:. 13 March 2009
1711:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1684:
1680:
1665:
1658:
1646:
1645:
1636:
1635:
1628:
1626:
1625:(in Indonesian)
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1553:
1551:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1449:on 12 July 2014
1441:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1321:
1320:on 23 June 2012
1302:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1260:
1256:
1244:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1226:
1224:
1213:
1207:
1200:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1027:this time, the
1009:
936:West Papua Army
903:
845:
827:implemented an
806:Indonesian flag
790:
784:
776:chemical weapon
692:
661:
617:
596:
569:
541:
478:was drafted by
472:John F. Kennedy
351:
345:
331:Organisation" (
290:Southwest Papua
230:
228:
199:
197:
173:
165:
163:Anti-capitalism
161:
157:
153:
148:
131:Southwest Papua
120:
98:
82:
81:
77:
70:
66:
47:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5549:
5539:
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5536:Papua conflict
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2796:
2795:External links
2793:
2792:
2791:
2773:(8): 691â707.
2762:
2756:
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2722:
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2683:(5): 441â452.
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2472:POS-KUPANG.com
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2254:
2243:. 19 June 2024
2225:
2200:
2170:
2144:
2118:
2092:
2066:
2041:
2029:www.atimes.com
2015:
1986:
1963:
1941:
1918:
1903:
1888:
1868:
1850:
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1673:Wolters Kluwer
1656:
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1097:
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1087:
1080:
1079:
1063:
1060:
1056:Egianus Kogoya
1008:
1005:
995:; abbreviated
985:
984:
969:; abbreviated
959:
958:
949:; abbreviated
939:
938:
929:Goliath Tabuni
923:; abbreviated
913:
912:
902:
899:
887:Egianus Kogoya
858:supported the
856:Terianus Satto
844:
841:
786:Main article:
783:
780:
696:Goliath Tabuni
691:
688:
660:
657:
616:
613:
595:
592:
568:
565:
545:Nicolaas Jouwe
540:
537:
503:Nicolaas Jouwe
486:article 85 in
480:Robert Kennedy
468:McGeorge Bundy
445:held elections
362:Morgenstervlag
344:
341:
309:Papua conflict
278:Highland Papua
240:
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216:Papua conflict
213:
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195:
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152:from Indonesia
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117:Highland Papua
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5443:ethnic groups
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5256:Herzeg-Bosnia
5254:
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4037:
4036:in Bangladesh
4034:
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4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4019:Southern Asia
4017:
4011:
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3816:South America
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3754:North America
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3508:
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3495:
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3488:
3487:Eastern Greek
3485:
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3352:Crimean Tatar
3350:
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2757:9780868615196
2753:
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2738:9781903998274
2734:
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2341:
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2316:
2309:
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2290:
2283:
2268:
2267:Jakarta Globe
2264:
2258:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2159:
2155:
2148:
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2128:
2122:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1974:
1967:
1951:
1945:
1929:
1922:
1914:
1907:
1899:
1892:
1884:
1878:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1839:
1832:
1824:
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1814:
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1571:
1565:
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1497:
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1486:
1470:
1464:
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1416:
1400:
1394:
1378:
1372:
1356:
1350:
1342:
1335:
1319:
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1310:
1305:
1299:
1283:
1277:
1269:
1265:
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1250:
1245:|author=
1238:
1223:
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1203:
1194:
1190:
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1176:
1175:
1170:
1164:
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1123:
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1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1013:Mathias Wenda
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
983:
980:
979:
978:
976:
975:Mathias Wenda
972:
968:
964:
956:
955:
954:
952:
948:
944:
937:
934:
933:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
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908:
907:
906:
898:
896:
892:
888:
883:
880:
876:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
852:
850:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
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803:
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773:
769:
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761:
756:
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748:
746:
742:
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735:
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721:
717:
714:
712:
707:
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701:
697:
687:
685:
681:
676:
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648:
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633:
631:
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623:
612:
610:
606:
601:
588:
587:
582:
578:
573:
564:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
543:In response,
536:
533:
529:
525:
520:
517:
513:
508:
504:
499:
496:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
438:
434:
430:
429:
423:
422:United States
419:
415:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:Central Papua
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
238:
227:
224:
220:
217:
214:
210:
207:
196:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
151:
145:
143:
139:
136:
132:
128:
124:
118:
114:
113:Central Papua
110:
106:
102:
96:
92:
89:
85:
80:
75:
69:
64:
57:
51:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5438:
5437:
5366:Székely Land
5331:Pashtunistan
5181:Balawaristan
5034:
4954:South Slavic
4944:Scandinavian
4474:Volga Region
4088:in Sri Lanka
3946:Eastern Asia
3807:Puerto Rican
3622:North Africa
3606:Nationalisms
3557:South Yemeni
3401:Saudi Arabia
3275:Balawaristan
3092:
2964:Shanghainese
2770:
2767:Asian Survey
2766:
2747:
2727:
2714:. Retrieved
2710:The Guardian
2709:
2680:
2677:Asian Survey
2676:
2651:
2648:Asian Survey
2647:
2619:. Retrieved
2614:
2605:
2593:
2581:. Retrieved
2576:
2567:
2559:the original
2554:
2550:
2521:. Retrieved
2518:The Diplomat
2517:
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2490:
2480:
2471:
2447:. Retrieved
2442:
2417:. Retrieved
2413:
2390:21 September
2388:. Retrieved
2383:
2374:
2362:. Retrieved
2357:
2348:
2322:. Retrieved
2318:
2308:
2296:. Retrieved
2292:
2282:
2270:. Retrieved
2266:
2257:
2245:. Retrieved
2240:
2216:. Retrieved
2212:
2203:
2191:. Retrieved
2187:the original
2182:
2173:
2161:. Retrieved
2157:
2147:
2137:30 September
2135:. Retrieved
2130:
2121:
2111:30 September
2109:. Retrieved
2104:
2095:
2083:. Retrieved
2078:
2069:
2057:. Retrieved
2053:
2044:
2032:. Retrieved
2028:
2018:
2006:. Retrieved
2001:
1977:. Retrieved
1966:
1954:. Retrieved
1944:
1932:. Retrieved
1921:
1906:
1891:
1859:
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1831:
1823:the original
1813:
1801:. Retrieved
1797:the original
1787:
1773:
1759:
1747:. Retrieved
1743:
1733:
1721:. Retrieved
1716:
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1692:Inside Story
1691:
1681:
1668:
1647:|first=
1627:. Retrieved
1622:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1588:
1576:. Retrieved
1564:
1552:. Retrieved
1542:
1530:. Retrieved
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1496:
1485:
1473:. Retrieved
1463:
1451:. Retrieved
1447:the original
1437:
1425:. Retrieved
1415:
1403:. Retrieved
1393:
1381:. Retrieved
1371:
1359:. Retrieved
1349:
1340:
1334:
1322:. Retrieved
1318:the original
1307:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1276:
1268:the original
1257:
1225:. Retrieved
1192:
1183:
1172:
1151:
1142:
1130:. Retrieved
1125:
1045:
1040:Kelly Kwalik
1037:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1010:
996:
986:
970:
960:
950:
940:
924:
914:
904:
884:
872:
863:
853:
846:
843:2020âpresent
822:
791:
757:
749:
738:
730:
726:
715:
711:transmigrant
708:
704:
693:
690:2000 to 2019
677:
673:logging camp
670:
649:
634:
618:
597:
584:
580:
561:
542:
521:
500:
492:
487:
483:
442:
426:
410:
374:World War II
371:
361:
357:
302:
298:
261:
249:
245:
243:
93:(until 2022)
79:Coat of arms
36:
5531:Separatists
5371:Tamil Eelam
5351:Saraikistan
5231:Hatay State
5186:Balochistan
5140:Wallmapuwen
4834:Bangladeshi
4306:Montenegrin
4210:Azerbaijani
4174:Pan-Turkism
3915:Palestinian
3858:Middle East
3766:Greenlandic
3670:East Africa
3537: [
3304:Philippines
3093:West Papuan
2867:Afghanistan
2842:Regionalism
2615:Suara Papua
2364:15 February
2247:8 September
2059:13 December
2034:13 December
2008:23 December
1956:11 February
1934:11 February
768:Joko Widodo
736:operation.
684:Filep Karma
653:Tembagapura
524:Sarwo Edhie
418:Netherlands
406:Pacific War
286:South Papua
127:South Papua
5465:Categories
5417:Indigenous
5361:Sindhudesh
5341:Santa Cruz
5261:Hutu Power
5191:Bangsamoro
4782:Australian
4757:Lithuanian
4672:Andalusian
4450:Circassian
4414:Belarusian
4362:in Austria
4296:Macedonian
4252:in Albania
4141:Vietnamese
3975:Hongkonger
3968:chauvinist
3649:Pharaonism
3534:Montagnard
3513:Karakalpak
3506:Uzbekistan
3347:Circassian
3311:Bangsamoro
3175:Kazakhstan
3150:Turkmeneli
2893:Azerbaijan
2846:separatism
2523:4 December
2497:20 October
2324:8 February
2298:7 February
2272:7 February
2158:KOMPAS.com
1979:7 December
1423:. Wpik.org
1284:. Wpik.org
1227:24 October
1193:Benar News
1106:References
1090:Separatism
989:Indonesian
973:) led by
963:Indonesian
943:Indonesian
917:Indonesian
901:Armed wing
734:false flag
583: [
567:Activities
516:Adam Malik
461:Allen Pope
433:nonviolent
394:Australian
347:See also:
333:Indonesian
329:Separatist
294:West Papua
270:Indonesian
254:Indonesian
186:until 2011
150:Separation
135:West Papua
5321:Occitania
5306:Manchukuo
5296:Lezgistan
5291:Kurdistan
5236:Hazarajat
5221:Circassia
4983:Movements
4934:Pakistani
4909:Mongolian
4849:Congolese
4762:Norwegian
4752:Icelandic
4717:Valencian
4712:Navarrese
4697:Castilian
4677:Aragonese
4641:Sardinian
4424:Ukrainian
4394:Slovenian
4374:Hungarian
4289:in Cyprus
4269:Aromanian
4257:in Kosovo
4162:Mongolian
4078:Sinhalese
4048:Dravidian
4005:Taiwanese
3953:Cantonese
3930:in Cyprus
3900:Jordanian
3823:Argentine
3795:Caribbean
3786:Québécois
3734:Afrikaner
3417:Sri Lanka
3081:Indonesia
3052:Khalistan
3016:Javakheti
3006:Abkhazian
2969:Taiwanese
2944:Hong Kong
2934:Cantonese
2801:INFOPAPUA
2716:3 October
2443:kompas.id
2193:30 August
2085:7 October
1749:3 October
1697:3 October
1602:7 October
1578:7 October
1550:. Gwu.edu
1532:7 October
1222:974913162
1174:Detik.com
999:) led by
873:In 2023,
802:East Java
609:pipelines
607:and fuel
512:Galbraith
414:Australia
325:Terrorist
237:Indonesia
206:Indonesia
194:Opponents
5281:Katarism
5206:Chameria
5159:Projects
4964:Turanian
4959:Tunisian
4929:Oceanian
4919:Nigerian
4869:Hispanic
4864:Germanic
4854:European
4787:Hawaiian
4737:Estonian
4707:Galician
4692:Canarian
4682:Asturian
4651:Venetian
4646:Sicilian
4636:Padanian
4610:Corsican
4571:Scottish
4465:Ossetian
4384:Silesian
4367:Völkisch
4342:Bavarian
4337:Austrian
4316:Romanian
4301:Moldovan
4279:Croatian
4247:Albanian
4215:Georgian
4205:Armenian
4184:Siberian
4111:Filipino
4026:Assamese
3995:Okinawan
3980:Japanese
3910:Lebanese
3888:Diaspora
3870:Assyrian
3838:Peruvian
3747:Americas
3697:Tigrayan
3644:Egyptian
3482:Assyrian
3459:Thailand
3440:Assyrian
3387:Siberian
3377:Ossetian
3362:Karelian
3285:Kashmiri
3268:Pakistan
3249:Rohingya
3191:Malaysia
3140:Assyrian
3109:Assyrian
3057:Manipuri
3047:Kashmiri
3037:Assamese
3021:Ossetian
3011:Adjarian
2712:. London
2621:10 March
2583:10 March
2491:GATRAcom
2384:ABC News
2334:cite web
2163:10 March
2131:ABC News
2054:nasional
1877:citation
1717:BBC News
1639:cite web
1623:nasional
1471:. Un.org
1324:10 April
1237:cite web
1126:GATRAcom
1062:See also
879:Susi Air
864:genocide
818:Jayapura
798:Surabaya
641:refugees
637:Jayapura
628:and The
437:cargoism
416:and the
315:" and a
142:Ideology
5356:Silesia
5326:Ossetia
5301:Luhansk
5276:Karelia
5266:Ilirida
5246:Donetsk
5171:Assyria
4974:Ugandan
4939:Russian
4884:Iranian
4874:Iberian
4844:Chinese
4819:African
4775:Oceania
4747:Finnish
4742:Faroese
4702:Catalan
4667:Spanish
4631:Lombard
4626:Italian
4566:English
4561:Cornish
4556:British
4540:Walloon
4535:Occitan
4520:Flemish
4510:Arpitan
4481:Chuvash
4429:Yiddish
4419:Russian
4352:Frisian
4321:Serbian
4274:Bosniak
4179:Pashtun
4095:Tripuri
4068:Punjabi
4031:Bengali
4010:Tibetan
3958:Chinese
3925:Turkish
3905:Kurdish
3893:Zionism
3884:Jewish
3875:Iranian
3833:Mapuche
3828:Criollo
3802:Haitian
3761:Chicano
3706:Nigeria
3661:Sahrawi
3522:Vietnam
3492:Kurdish
3450:Turkmen
3445:Kurdish
3342:Chuvash
3337:Chechen
3332:Bashkir
3290:Pashtun
3244:Rakhine
3239:Palaung
3207:Myanmar
3198:Sarawak
3145:Kurdish
3119:Kurdish
3072:Tripuri
2999:Georgia
2974:Tibetan
2905:Kurdish
2900:Artsakh
2879:Pashtun
2852:in Asia
2787:2642586
2697:2645520
2668:2644481
2358:Reuters
2319:The Age
2293:The Age
2183:Reuters
1843:18 June
1803:4 April
1629:8 April
1554:28 June
1508:28 June
1475:28 June
1453:28 June
1427:28 June
1405:28 June
1383:28 June
1361:28 June
1288:28 June
1132:9 March
1086:(ULMWP)
1029:Senegal
837:Jakarta
833:Reuters
741:Ukraine
581:FREDHOM
382:Sukarno
372:During
343:History
87:Leaders
5412:German
5397:Racial
5241:Danzig
5226:Crimea
5211:Champa
5176:Azawad
5166:Arakan
4969:Turkic
4949:Slavic
4924:Nordic
4904:Libyan
4894:Korean
4879:Indian
4859:Finnic
4839:Celtic
4687:Basque
4605:Basque
4576:Ulster
4525:French
4515:Breton
4460:Lezgin
4455:Ingush
4389:Slovak
4379:Polish
4357:German
4233:Europe
4189:Uyghur
4157:Baloch
4073:Sindhi
4058:Meitei
4053:Hazara
4000:Ryukyu
3990:Manchu
3985:Korean
3920:Syrian
3776:Lakota
3692:Somali
3682:Amhara
3677:Acholi
3656:Kabyle
3639:Coptic
3634:Berber
3615:Africa
3475:Turkey
3466:Patani
3408:Qatifi
3372:Manchu
3367:Lezgin
3357:Ingush
3320:Russia
3280:Baloch
3229:Kokang
3219:Kachin
3166:Ryukyu
3114:Baloch
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