28:
222:
351:, López Obrador outlined the meaning of the Fourth Transformation. He called for a nation of laws wherein nothing is outside the law and no one is above the law. He said the security services would be reformed so that no one was spied upon and religion, ideas, and the right to dissent would be respected. AMLO called for a true democracy guaranteeing free elections and prison for electoral fraud. He called for an end of corruption and said the law should apply not only to government officials but also to their families. He said he would reform the
1133:
instituting travel restrictions. Mexico entered Phase 2 on March 24, 2020, stepping up restrictions by closing movie theaters, bars, nightclubs, museums, and other entertainment centers. The government banned some large gatherings but allowed others to continue. It encouraged social distancing, but AMLO was widely criticized for not practicing it himself. With 60% of the population in the “informal economy” and not protected by sick leave or unemployment insurance, AMLO refused to take strict efforts to close the economy down. A poll by
1114:(Popular Insurance) provided medical care through grants to the states, but Insabi is centralized; some procedures are more expensive as a result; the system is not free as many people were led to believe. Medicine was formally purchased through drug distributors, but AMLO cut out the middle-man and bought directly from manufacturers. As transportation costs were not included, this often led to higher prices and shortages. Corruption was common with ‘‘Seguro Popular,’’ but many health providers found themselves without work.
229:
969:. Heavily armed men attacked various parts of the city, including an apartment complex housing the relatives of military personnel and the local airport, killing fourteen people before Guzmán López was released by the police. AMLO said he supported the release of Guzmán López, saying "This decision was taken to protect citizens... We do not want deaths. We do not want war." Three weeks after that, three women and six children, members of the
343:"Based on what we have achieved, we will seek to undertake a peaceful and orderly transformation, yes, but no less profound than Independence, the Reformation, and the Revolution; we have not made all this effort for mere cosmetic changes, by far, and much less to stay with more of the same." — Andrés Manuel López Obrador
399:. Given the high poverty levels in the country, the authors suggest that popular democracy may be easily manipulated. They point out that many members of Morena were once members of PRI, which should have a moderating effect on political changes. Finally, they conclude that the future of Mexico depends on everyone.
738:
in the hopes of boosting tourism and boost the economy in one of the most marginalized areas of the country. The US $ 6.2-billion project was approved by 92.3% of the voters who participated in the
December 14–15, 2019 referendum. Critics worry about environmental effects, threats to local indigenous
1132:
had become a pandemic, but that all of the confirmed cases in Mexico were related to people who had traveled overseas, so it was not considered an emergency. Nonetheless, Mexico began preparing for Phase 2, canceling or postponing massive entertainment events and classes in universities but without
564:
called the
Mexican people to arms. In 30 years of rule, Diaz had modernized the country and established a growing economy, but he had done so by granting numerous concessions to British and American investors while denying basic liberties to peasant farmers, miners, and workers. In a bad year, such
791:
to guard pipelines across Mexico. The plan began on
December 21, 2018, and involved closing and monitoring pipelines, particularly in the states of Puebla, Guanajuato, Jalisco, and the State of México. It soon led to fuel shortages in the west and center of the country, despite the dispatch of
616:
President Lopez
Obrador announced an MXN $ 859 billion (US$ 44 billion) investment plan for 147 infrastructure projects in November 2019. The investments are in highways, railways, ports, and airports as well as investments in telecommunications with most of the capital coming from the private
380:
in a
September 2018 article said that the Fourth Transformation presents an opportunity for Mexico to move forward as a true democracy. It could not depend on one political party and must move beyond campaign slogans. The authors, Nicola Morfini and Bernardo Sainz Martínez of the
1105:
President Lopez
Obrador wants to change the emphasis of the health care system for non-insured individuals from curation to prevention. He promises that obesity will be combatted by a nutrition campaign, not through new taxes. AMLO pushed for his new health care program, the
303:
The "privileged abuses" López
Obrador refers to have to do with the high salaries and luxurious lifestyles enjoyed by high government officials. in a country where half the population lives in poverty. López Obrador wants to lower salaries for not only the president but also
1281:
Representatives from Canada, the United States, and six
European countries met in Mexico City in March 2020 to discuss possible negative effects of AMLO's energy policies and his rejection of contracts signed by President Enrique Peña Nieto's government.
1261:
The president won praise when he opened the archives on police political activities in
February 2019, but cutting off public access a year later was not seen in a positive light. The archives were opened in 1998, allowing access to information about the
370:
AMLO also called for increased attention to the needs of rural communities, revitalization of the construction industry, improvements in the energy sector, pensions for elderly
Mexicans, free medicine, and improved education with access for all.
739:
cultures, and economic benefits that will include communities that do not have one of the 18 stops along the route. Another concern is that construction seems to be rushed in the hope of finishing before the end of AMLO's term in 2024. The
751:
points out that there no studies linking the project and development have been published. 93% of the 100,940 people who voted in the referendum supported the project, but they represent only 2.86% of the 3,526,000 registered voters.
652:. An MXN $ 86.161 million investment is expected from telecommunications companies. Thirty-three projects may begin in 2020 with an investment of MXN $ 78 billion—other airport investments, railroads, highways, a new hospital for
2575:
2910:
2211:
2634:
2403:
580:, who after thirteen months of harsh rule and fierce fighting was overthrown and executed. There were numerous small bands led by local warlords; eventually, many of them gave up while others united under
2512:
2885:
1137:
on March 27, 2020, showed that 68.5% of Mexicans felt the government was not prepared for the health crisis. AMLO's overall approval rating fell to 37.4% from 80% at the time of his inauguration.
2154:
773:
from pipelines owned by Pemex, has been a long-term problem in Mexico, with a loss to the government of between MXN $ 15 and $ 20 billion (US$ 80 to $ 106 million) every year. When President
2357:
1191:
985:
to threaten to declare Mexican drug cartels "terrorists" which would give him the authorization to attack them, violating Mexico's sovereignty. Trump backed off after U.S. Attorney General
288:'s (commonly known as "AMLO") 2018 campaign promise to do away with privileged abuses that had plagued Mexico in decades past. López Obrador defined the first three transformations as the
441:. After a few battles, Hidalgo had gathered a ragtag, disorganized army of 80,000. Hidalgo's army was eventually defeated, and Hidalgo was defrocked and beheaded. His chief collaborator,
363:
process after three years to determine whether the president should be recalled. He insisted that luxuries, such as high salaries for government officials, the presidential airplane and
2984:
2471:
713:
won with 69.95% of the votes: 748,335 for Santa Lucia and 311,132 in favor of Texcoco. The NAIM debt ran into MXN $ 105 billion (US$ 5.6 billion) when it was paid off in July 2019.
253:
1578:
2120:
2798:
2179:
565:
as 1908–1909, the peasants were reduced to virtual slavery. Within six months of Madero's call to arms, Diaz had resigned and the moderate, middle-class Madero became president.
1474:
1146:
744:
2102:
2945:
1692:
1036:. Femicides are at an all-time high. 100,000 women marched across Mexico on March 8, 2020, The following day, women went on strike across the country, demanding an end to
325:
2617:
1758:
2105:
1188:
324:(INEGI). In addition to salaries, López Obrador mentions luxury vehicles including airplanes and helicopters; expensive private health insurance in addition to the
1231:
2494:
796:
on January 18 that caused 137 deaths. A memorial for the victims was built in 2020, and each family affected was granted MXN $ 15,000 (US$ 800) in compensation.
415:(1858-1861), and the Mexican Revolution (1910-1917). While all three events involved extreme violence, AMLO insists that the fourth transformation be peaceful.
391:
in the 2018 election makes true change possible while also highlighting the possibility of regression. They warn that if decision-making depends exclusively on
2591:
720:, began on October 18, 2019. It has two runways for civilian use and one for military use and it was inaugurated despite not being complete on March 21, 2022.
2928:
2238:
1714:
382:
3033:
2506:
2301:
246:
168:
2193:
3008:
2783:
701:
Ending the Texcoco project was highly controversial so after winning the election Lopez Obrador decided to submit the proposal to the people of Mexico. A
2711:
109:
2081:
148:
2659:
482:. Iturbide, Guerrero, and Victoria marched on Mexico City; on September 27, 1821, they defeated the Spanish and Mexico consolidated its independence.
608:
violator. He promised to end corruption and admitted that there is still a lot of work to do in questions of the economy, health, and public safety.
2329:"Presidencia de AMLO en México: 5 puntos clave del Plan Nacional de Paz y Seguridad de López Obrador para combatir la violencia y pacificar el país"
1681:
2331:[AMLO Presidency in Mexico: 5 key points of the López Obrador National Peace and Security Plan to combat violence and pacify the country].
882:
239:
861:
61% of the population say that the government of Andrés Manuel López Obrador is acting "well" or "very well" against corruption, according to the
748:
904:("National Plan for Peace and Security"), calling for legalization of some drugs, an eventual disarming of criminal gangs, and the creation of a
705:
was held across the country, from October 25–28, 2018. The option to convert the Santa Lucia airport to civilian use and to improve the existing
2568:
2170:
1732:
1868:
1292:
939:
321:
71:
2841:
2598:
617:
sector. "This is of the highest importance," said Lopez Obrador. "Participation of the private sector in the country’s growth is necessary."
526:; reduce the power of the military; and establish civil registry of births, marriages, and deaths. Conservatives fought back, leading to the
356:
337:
900:
As a candidate, Andrés Manuel López Obrador offered to remove the military from the streets; two weeks before taking office he released his
2489:
Ingrid Escamilla's Feminicide: Indignation in Mexico over the brutal murder of the young woman and the dissemination of photos of her body
2137:
2015:
1372:
2602:
1820:
1586:
830:. He also reminded his audience about the oil refinery that is being built in Dos Bocas, Tabasco, the first new refinery in forty years.
472:
190:
2726:
1777:
213:
2674:
1482:
3068:
1904:
2692:
2212:""Una presión de Cresencio Sandoval": Anabel Hernández investigó que AMLO fue coaccionado para regresar libre al general Cienfuegos"
970:
1243:
1033:
928:
909:
184:
1425:
1059:
576:
in the south. Fighting continued, and full warfare broke out. Madero was overthrown by the army and assassinated in early 1913 by
2561:
2519:
1846:
1317:
1160:
Lopez Obrador said on January 29, 2020, that he would oppose any efforts to bring back defamation laws or other efforts to limit
1124:
were announced on January 9, 2020, but the first three confirmed cases in the country were at the end of February. In March, the
957:
on October 15, 2019. Two days later, on October 17, the police and National Guard botched an attempted arrest and extradition of
94:
3028:
3023:
2342:[Mexico: the controversial "pacification" proposed by López Obrador to end the cruel war of the narco in his country].
1063:
1032:. Several highly publicized murders lead to demonstrations in Mexico City and elsewhere, as well as a four-month strike in the
309:
2417:
740:
2742:
888:
While AMLO has emphasized the fight against corruption, many people worry that that does not include ranking members of the
803:
throughout the 2010s, and he emphasized that point once elected. As president he canceled contracts with private companies.
2435:
1107:
656:, and other energy projects. Fourteen projects worth MXN $ 21.356 billion (US$ 14 million), including the expansion of the
531:
207:
114:
2814:
2500:
1004:
734:
The Maya Train project, first proposed in September 2018, is a 1,525-kilometer (948-mile) railroad that will traverse the
1944:
1795:
1662:
2087:
1804:
815:
629:
1157:
issued a temporary injunction against construction of the railway because was approved in a "simulated consultation."
673:
641:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
2759:
2340:"México: la polémica "pacificación" que propone López Obrador para terminar con la cruel guerra del narco en su país"
1886:
923:. Another strategy is to treat drug use as a health problem and to legalize the cultivation and use of marijuana. An
747:
has criticized the consultation process, saying it fell short of international standards. Giovanna Gasparello of the
706:
396:
27:
1989:
1613:"The Mexican Revolution, which began in 1910, was one of the great revolutionary upheavals of the twentieth century"
1922:
1401:[Mexico: the "abusive" privileges in the government that AMLO wants to eliminate with its austerity plan].
1349:[AMLO president: What is the "Fourth Transformation" proposed by Andrés Manuel López Obrador for Mexico?].
1037:
998:
920:
774:
597:
494:
285:
43:
2360:[An average of 95 people a day are killed in Mexico: 2019 could be the most violent year in its history].
1208:
survey of 20,000 citizens stated that Mexico was the second-most corrupt country among those surveyed. The 2019
793:
644:
is scheduled to receive MXN $ 41 million. MXN $ 14,152 is earmarked for 15 airport improvements, particularly in
2913:[Mexico is designated as the second most corrupt country in the world, despite López Obrador's speech].
2284:
946:
were committed in the first ten months of the year, (average 95 per day) 706 more than in January–October 2019.
833:
On February 28, 2020, Pemex released figures showing an increase in production and a decrease in debt. They say
649:
645:
2067:
1223:
978:
523:
460:
system, and declared Catholicism the state religion. However, Morelos soon was defeated, caught, and executed.
392:
2959:
1258:), and diverse citizens marched in Mexico City against Lopez Obrador's security policies on December 1, 2019.
1255:
954:
348:
159:
154:
143:
139:
2358:"Asesinan a un promedio de 95 personas al día en México: 2019 podría ser el año más violento de su historia"
2042:
1962:
3009:
Mexico's president reaches the people with morning show (By MARÍA VERZA, Associated Press, January 4, 2021)
3003:
2549:
1209:
1187:
Although there have been a number of well-publicized efforts to end corruption, such as the resignation of
710:
317:
1444:
1347:"AMLO presidente: ¿qué es la "Cuarta Transformación" que propone Andrés Manuel López Obrador para México?"
1044:
estimates that the strike cost MXN $ 30 trillion (US$ 13.5 billion), 15% more than the original estimate.
690:. AMLO complained about costs, corruption, and environmental concerns such as unstable soil on the bed of
530:(1858-1861). The liberals won the war, but the war left the country weak, and it was soon followed by the
1322:
1204:
1121:
1100:
1008:
862:
856:
683:
677:
424:
289:
119:
99:
2534:
2045:[Theft and shortage of gasoline in Mexico: keys to a strategy that has alarmed the population].
1637:
588:, which many see as the end of the Mexican Revolution. However, fighting continued well into the 1920s.
328:(ISSSTE); expense accounts for bodyguards, gasoline, cell phones, and food; and a lack of transparency.
2911:"México es señalado como el segundo país más corrupto del mundo, a pesar del discurso de López Obrador"
1552:
1227:
878:
1399:"México: los "abusivos" privilegios en el gobierno que AMLO quiere eliminar con su plan de austeridad"
1024:, and other forms of violence against women becomes a source of contention for the government in late
429:
After nearly 300 years of Spanish colonization, on the morning of September 16, 1810, Catholic priest
1125:
519:
221:
2270:[AMLO: criticisms of the controversial security plan in Mexico presented by López Obrador].
1164:. Several changes in the administration of justice are among AMLO's legislative priorities in 2020.
912:. The National Guard was officially launched in July 2019, despite the opposition of groups such as
682:
During the 2018 campaign for president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador opposed the construction of the
3043:
3038:
1263:
1239:
958:
453:
79:
2196:[Hyperpolitization of the fight against corruption, a global trend that includes Mexico].
2180:
Histórico salto de la confianza ciudadana en la lucha contra la corrupción con el gobierno de AMLO
2103:
We have found oil in shallow waters, neoliberal governments wanted to privatize those fields: AMLO
2799:
López Obrador's popularity falls to its lowest level for his management of the coronavirus crisis
2043:"Robo y desabasto de gasolina en México: claves de una estrategia que ha alarmado a la población"
905:
788:
449:
387:
163:
89:
2194:"Hiperpolitización de la lucha contra la corrupción, una tendencia mundial que incluye a México"
2084:
2844:[Provisional injunction granted against the Mayan Train for "simulated consultation"].
633:
605:
585:
539:
352:
3004:
Why Mexico’s president is buddies with Trump despite years of insults (Politico, July 7, 2020)
2931:[PAN filed a complaint against AMLO before the FGR for the release of Ovidio Guzmán].
2268:"AMLO: las críticas al controvertido plan de seguridad en México presentado por López Obrador"
2488:
2339:
2328:
2267:
1398:
1346:
535:
438:
313:
2946:
La familia LeBarón, Marko Cortés y Margarita Zavala: los tres frentes de la marcha anti-AMLO
866:
687:
2394:
1195:
1161:
1094:
889:
846:
784:
702:
486:
360:
1612:
735:
8:
1271:
1219:
supported the project, but they represent only 2.86% of the 3,526,000 registered voters.
1083:
581:
561:
282:
2587:
2375:
584:. Carranza was able to consolidate his power, and on February 5, 1917, he published the
2140:["We have already rescued Pemex from bankruptcy failure," says López Obrador].
1167:
In July 2020, the government announced 20 actions to repair the damage done during the
974:
935:("The National Union of Parents of Families") insists this would be counterproductive.
913:
551:
464:
297:
2859:
2693:
Mexico’s coronavirus-skeptical president is setting up his country for a health crisis
1251:
600:
stated that he had fulfilled 78 of the 100 promises he had made, including ending the
1267:
1053:
577:
490:
408:
305:
2453:
632:(MXN $ 17 billion), and the Pemex Gas Processing Complex to the Mayakán pipeline in
1247:
601:
468:
271:
2569:
Thousands of women march on CDMX between slogans, graffiti, and claims for justice
2495:
Mexican guilty of sexual abuse of minors will remain in the Legionaries of Christ
2472:"Trump says he will hold off designating Mexican drug cartels as terrorist groups"
1534:
792:
numerous fuel trucks to supply local gas stations. Tragically, it also led to the
557:
515:
2516:
1923:"Maya Train consultations seen as empty gesture that provided little information"
1798:[Government has already paid 105 thousand million pesos to cancel NAIM].
1715:"Exclusive: The 62 Projects in Andrés Manuel López Obrador's Infrastructure Plan"
1168:
1117:
Parents of children with cancer protested the lack of medicine in January 2020.
814:
from bankruptcy. He promised to review the pensions for retired employees of the
807:
661:
625:
573:
542:
of Austria as emperor (1864-1867). Juarez and the liberals retook power in 1867.
463:
For five years, the insurgents were confined mostly to guerrilla warfare, led by
442:
437:
to take up arms against their Spanish overlords. Hidalgo took up a banner of the
2712:
Madres de niños con cáncer reclaman a AMLO que termine con la falta medicamentos
2436:"3 detained in connection to massacre that left 9 family members dead in Mexico"
2929:"PAN presentó denuncia contra AMLO ante la FGR por liberación de Ovidio Guzmán"
2660:
Obesidad se combatirá con campaña de nutrición no con aumento a impuestos: AMLO
1780:[Saint Lucia wins with 748 thousand votes; Texcoco: 311 thousand 132].
1761:[Citizen consultation begins to decide the future of the new airport].
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1275:
1235:
1172:
1029:
1025:
962:
874:
869:
government in 2017. However, Eduardo Bohórquez, director of the watchdog group
745:
Mexico office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (ONU-DH)
621:
479:
434:
430:
1869:"Mexico wants to run a tourist train through its Mayan heartland — should it?"
949:
Among the most notorious cases was the ambush-murder of 13 police officers in
452:
took up the struggle, winning 22 battles in nine months. Morelos convened the
3017:
2886:"El gobierno prevé 20 acciones para reparar el daño por la masacre de Acteal"
2697:
1504:
527:
478:
Events in Spain led to a weakening of the crown, With Guerrero, he wrote the
2842:"Otorgan suspensión provisional contra el Tren Maya por "consulta simulada""
2592:"Today, they did not arrive": This is how Mexico looks for # El9NadieSeMueve
2302:"Las 7 prioridades legislativas de AMLO para el próximo periodo de sesiones"
694:. He said it would be better to convert the military base of Santa Lucia in
657:
2784:
The proximity of phase 2 of coronavirus mobilizes Mexico and its government
2576:
Tlaxcala women unite their voices, march in an organized and orderly manner
1428:[What is the fourth transformation of Mexico that AMLO presumes?].
986:
982:
779:
765:
691:
596:
A year after the election and seven months since he took office, President
569:
568:
Madero's moderate reforms were not satisfactory to peasant leaders such as
2817:[UN criticizes Mayan Train consultation: did not meet standards].
2507:
Body of a 12-year-old girl found in Atizapán; feminicides set her on fire
2418:"'We do not want war': Mexico president defends release of El Chapo's son"
2155:
Pemex: huachicol falls 90%, 100 thousand barrels per day more are produced
2138:""Ya rescatamos a Pemex del fracaso de la bancarrota", dice López Obrador"
1849:[This is how the work at the Santa Lucia airport is progressing].
1805:
The debt for cancellation of the NAIM has already been paid: López Obrador
1759:"Inicia la consulta ciudadana para decidir el futuro del nuevo aeropuerto"
1266:, but historians worry about a new age of secrecy regarding wrongdoing by
950:
407:
President Lopez Obrador cites three previous periods of transformation in
2520:
Lupita denounced her ex-partner for violence; she appears dead in Edomex
2082:
AMLO announces that Morena will go alone against the privatization of oil
1216:
1179:(Agreement of Friendly Solution) was signed on September 3 of that year.
1150:
1147:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in Mexico
924:
873:
warns of "hyperpolitization" of corruption and compares the treatment of
799:
Andrés Manuel López Obrador was a leading voice against privatization of
637:
228:
2121:
Editor's analysis: AMLO put the tombstone to oil privatization in Mexico
966:
556:
After an unsuccessful electoral campaign against President and dictator
2962:[The 4T closes historical archives that before were "opened"].
2550:
Femicide cases have doubled in 4 years; 890 recorded in first 11 months
1693:"Mexico to spend $ 44 billion on infrastructure in first phase of plan"
977:, 70 miles south of the U.S.-Mexico border. All nine victims were dual
770:
506:
385:, argue that Mexico is at a crossroads: the large margin of victory by
293:
653:
1992:[With the theft of fuel, What is the role of the Treasury?].
1442:
1222:
AMLO's security plan has been severely criticized, especially by the
1041:
729:
367:, bodyguards, and presidential pensions should be cut or eliminated.
364:
104:
2173:[10 facts that reveal how serious corruption is in Mexico].
919:
One part of the plan proposes special laws for transitional justice
1907:[EZLN rejects the Mayan Train, AMLO's emblematic project].
1154:
1129:
1062:
recovered billions of back taxes from major corporations including
1013:
943:
695:
1735:[AMLO and the New Airport live a turbulent relationship].
2182:
Secretaria de la Función Pública, Gobierno de México, 23 Sep 2019
2016:"More Than 60 Dead, Dozens Injured In Mexican Pipeline Explosion"
810:
in February 2020, Lopez Obrador said that his policies had saved
124:
16:
Campaign promise of Mexican president Andrés Manuel López Obrador
2304:[AMLO's 7 legislative priorities for the next session].
938:
Ten months into 2019, the results do not look promising. 28,741
667:
2815:"ONU critica consulta del Tren Maya: no cumplió con estándares"
2171:"10 datos que revelan qué tan grave es la corrupción en México"
827:
375:
279:
2635:"IBM de México también se puso a mano con el SAT, revela AMLO"
1682:"Mexico Unveils $ 44 Billion Infrastructure Plan to Boost GDP"
1426:"¿Qué es la cuarta transformación de México que presume AMLO?"
604:. He also said that the state has stopped being the principal
489:
of the new nation, but three years later he was deposed and a
402:
2985:
Canada, U.S., and EU discuss concerns over AMLO energy policy
2860:"Mexican president promises no return of criminal defamation"
2068:
A memorial of explosion victims in Tlahuelilpan will be built
1990:"Ante el robo de combustible, ¿Cuál es el papel de Hacienda?"
1679:
1535:"The Independence movement after the death of Miguel Hidalgo"
1215:
93% of the 100,940 people who voted in the referendum on the
1199:
1067:
852:
826:), and promised to build thermoelectric plants in Merida and
811:
800:
777:
took office in December 2018, he launched a campaign against
761:
457:
1947:[Only 2.86% of the registered voted for Tren Maya].
1373:"This is the luxurious life of AMLO's eldest son in Houston"
927:
for minor drug offenders continues to be a priority for the
2501:
They lament the death of Isabel Cabanillas; summon tribute
1447:[López Obrador towards the fourth transformation].
1149:
condemned the consultation process for construction of the
1021:
383:
Pan American Institute for High Business Management (IPADE)
2727:
The New Coronavirus Does Not Represent a Danger for Mexico
1778:"Santa Lucía gana con 748 mil votos; Texcoco: 311 mil 132"
1733:"AMLO y el Nuevo Aeropuerto viven una relación turbulenta"
471:
in the mountains of Oaxaca. By 1819, the Spanish viceroy,
1665:[AMLO affirms fulfilling 78 of 100 commitments].
1071:
921:
similar to those found in countries that have been at war
636:(MXN $ 1 billion). MXN $ 219 is destined for the port of
475:
was able to report that the situation was under control.
456:, which declared independence, abolished slavery and the
2618:# UnDíaSinNosotras was reflected in 30,000 million pesos
2535:
Strike at five schools and faculties of the UNAM lifted
2106:
AMLO: people without experience were given oil contracts
1443:
Nicola Morfini; Bernardo Sainz Martínez (Sep 19, 2018).
1140:
2957:
2454:"Trump to designate Mexican drug cartels as terrorists"
1866:
395:, the legislature could lose power as it did under the
2191:
2123:
Diario Financiero, 15 Jan 2020, retrieved 15 Feb 2020
743:
promises to resist construction of the train, and the
2732:
Reporte de Indigo, 22 Jan 2020, retrieved 14 Mar 2020
2552:
Mexico News Daily, 27 Dec 2019, Retrieved 14 Feb 2020
2376:"Mexico: Army deployed after police killed in ambush"
1905:"EZLN rechaza el Tren Maya, proyecto emblema de AMLO"
1847:"Así avanzan las obras del aeropuerto de Santa Lucía"
749:
National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH)
2960:"La 4T cierra archivos históricos que antes "abrió""
1821:"Green light to new international airport in Mexico"
1040:, while closing schools, businesses, and banks. The
973:, were massacred en route to a wedding in Le Barón,
716:
Construction of the airport in Zumpango, now called
686:, the principal infrastructure project of President
308:
members and high-level bureaucrats, justices of the
2760:"Van 3 casos confirmados de coronavirus en México"
2603:Bank branches closed in response to women's strike
1153:in December 2019, and in January 2020, a judge in
316:, and members of independent agencies such as the
2839:
2218:(in European Spanish). Infobae. December 16, 2020
1887:"AMLO's 'Maya Train' wins in landslide in Mexico"
1796:"Gobierno ya pagó 105 mil mdp para cancelar NAIM"
3015:
2599:Women's strike paralyzes the Chamber of Deputies
2395:"How the Sinaloa Cartel Bested the Mexican Army"
1712:
1475:"Mexico Independence Day: What You Need to Know"
2743:"Mexico Confirms Its First 2 Coronavirus Cases"
2675:Se suman al Insabi 18 gobiernos estatales: AMLO
2299:
2236:
2088:A big blow and a robbery to privatize oil: AMLO
1942:
1680:Andrea Navarro; Justin Villamil (26 Nov 2019).
1232:Secretariat of Security and Civilian Protection
493:was established with Guadalupe Victoria as its
2295:
2293:
1445:"López Obrador hacia la cuarta transformación"
1212:ranked Mexico as corrupt as Laos and Myanmar.
1171:of 45 people including children in Chiapas in
783:and dispatched close to 5,000 troops from the
418:
2337:
2326:
1955:
1945:"Solo votó el 2.86% del padrón por Tren Maya"
1708:
1706:
1690:
1396:
865:2019, compared to 24% who considered that of
818:, inaugurated construction of gas pipelines (
668:Construction of a new airport for Mexico City
247:
3034:Executive branch of the government of Mexico
2714:Mario Gonzalez, CNN en Español, 24 Jan 2020
2588:Fury fuels historic women's strike in Mexico
2262:
2260:
2135:
2040:
1256:unsuccessful candidate for president in 2018
741:Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN)
2392:
2290:
1775:
1663:"Afirma AMLO cumplir 78 de 100 compromisos"
1610:
1088:
514:(the Reform) was a liberal movement led by
403:Background: the first three transformations
2597:by Gustavo Álvarez, 24 Horas, 9 Mar 2020
2404:Suman 14 muertos por balaceras en Culiacán
2237:Hernandez Lopez, Julio (15 January 2021).
1987:
1703:
254:
240:
2601:by Fernando Damián, Milenio, 9 Mar 2020
2415:
2257:
1963:"Fuel theft increased by 52.6% in Mexico"
1938:
1936:
1579:"The Victorious origins of Cinco de Mayo"
1472:
1293:Presidency of Andrés Manuel López Obrador
992:
591:
518:in 1857 to disestablish the power of the
411:: the Independence Movement (1810-1821),
2406:By Marcos Vizcarra, Reforma, 21 Oct 2019
1867:Gabriel Diaz Montemayor (Aug 13, 2019).
1606:
1604:
1576:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
910:Secretariat of National Defense (SEDENA)
338:Desafuero of Andrés Manuel López Obrador
2958:Arturo Rodriguez Garcia (Feb 1, 2020).
2567:by Caroline Leon, Milenio, 9 Mar 2020
2192:Maria Fernanda Navarro (Nov 19, 2019).
1862:
1860:
1468:
1466:
1390:
1318:2021 in Mexican politics and government
397:Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
393:National Regeneration Movement (Morena)
3016:
2688:
2686:
1933:
1529:
1527:
1525:
933:La Unión Nacional de Padres de Familia
2632:
2590:By Will Grant, BBC News, 9 Mar 2020
2285:A Look At Mexico's New National Guard
1601:
1409:
1341:
1339:
1238:after the October 2019 liberation of
1141:Human rights and freedom of the press
895:
545:
2287:By James Fredrick, NPR, 13 July 2019
1857:
1583:National Geographic History Magazine
1505:"The war for Independence 1810-1821"
1463:
1135:Gabinete de Comunicación Estratégica
1108:Instituto de Salud para el Bienestar
816:Federal Electricity Commission (CFE)
698:, State of Mexico, to civilian use.
628:(MXN $ 40 billion), the refinery in
347:In a speech given at the end of his
2683:
2562:More than 15,000 march in Monterrey
1522:
1226:, which filed a complaint with the
707:Benito Juárez International Airport
13:
1336:
684:Mexico City Texcoco Airport (NAIM)
14:
3080:
2997:
2840:Jose Raul Linares (Feb 1, 2020).
1713:Andrés Wainstein (Nov 15, 2019).
1192:Josefa González-Blanco Ortiz-Mena
1064:Walmart de México y Centroamérica
1005:Female homicides in Ciudad Juárez
620:Priority energy projects are the
611:
2574:Expansion Politica, 8 Mar 2020
2300:Agustín Velasco (Jan 30, 2020).
2245:(in Mexican Spanish). La Jornada
1943:Osvaldo Córdova (Dec 17, 2019).
1228:Attorney General of Mexico (FGR)
1060:Tax Administration Service (SAT)
999:Violence against women in Mexico
902:Plan Nacional de Paz y Seguridad
445:was also captured and beheaded.
359:for corruption. He called for a
326:program for government officials
227:
220:
26:
2978:
2951:
2939:
2921:
2903:
2878:
2852:
2833:
2807:
2792:
2789:Expansión Politica, 13 Mar 2020
2777:
2735:
2720:
2705:
2668:
2653:
2626:
2611:
2581:
2555:
2543:
2528:
2482:
2464:
2446:
2428:
2409:
2386:
2368:
2350:
2320:
2278:
2230:
2204:
2185:
2163:
2148:
2129:
2114:
2096:
2075:
2061:
2034:
2008:
1981:
1915:
1897:
1879:
1839:
1813:
1788:
1769:
1751:
1725:
1673:
1655:
1630:
1570:
1553:"1858-1861 - War of the Reform"
1397:Alberto Nájar (July 25, 2018).
1242:. A few hundred members of the
881:and their alleged roles in the
794:Tlahuelilpan pipeline explosion
674:Mexico City Santa Lucía Airport
534:, and the establishment of the
1691:Sharay Angulo (Nov 26, 2019).
1545:
1497:
1436:
1365:
1230:against López Obrador and the
824:Central Ciclo Combinado Mérida
718:General Felipe Ángeles Airport
524:separation of Church and State
1:
3029:Mexico politics-related lists
3024:2018 establishments in Mexico
2327:Alberto Nájar (15 Nov 2018).
2041:Sonia Corona (Jan 10, 2020).
1807:Forbes Mexico, July 27, 2019
1329:
955:Jalisco New Generation Cartel
840:
723:
711:Toluca International Airports
500:
357:president could be prosecuted
331:
2623:Forbes Mexico, 10 March 2020
2393:Joan Grillo (Oct 18, 2019).
2338:Alberto Nájar (7 Aug 2018).
2160:Regeneracion.mx, 28 Feb 2020
2136:Rosa Santana (Feb 1, 2020).
1776:Tania Rosas (Oct 29, 2018).
1210:Corruption Perceptions Index
1205:U.S. News & World Report
1189:Secretary of the Environment
1182:
1177:Acuerdo de Solución Amistosa
1077:
660:-Huehuehuetoca train in the
7:
3069:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
2935:(in Spanish). Oct 20, 2019.
2917:(in Spanish). Jan 22, 2020.
2804:EFE/20 minutos, 27 Mar 2020
2578:Agenda Tlaxcala, 8 Mar 2020
2274:(in Spanish). Nov 20, 2019.
1853:(in Spanish). Jan 20, 2020.
1765:(in Spanish). Oct 25, 2018.
1739:(in Spanish). April 4, 2018
1669:(in Spanish). July 2, 2019.
1611:Alan Knight (May 5, 1980).
1479:National Geographic Culture
1323:COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
1285:
1224:National Action Party (PAN)
1122:COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
1120:The first alerts about the
1101:COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
1009:Human trafficking in Mexico
981:, prompting U.S. President
863:Global Corruption Barometer
857:Mexico City Texcoco Airport
775:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
678:Mexico City Texcoco Airport
448:Hidalgo's disciple, Father
425:Mexican War of Independence
419:Mexican War of Independence
290:Mexican War of Independence
286:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
120:COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
63:Federal District Government
10:
3085:
2821:(in Spanish). Dec 20, 2019
2416:Jo Tucman (Oct 18, 2019).
2364:(in Spanish). 21 Nov 2019.
2177:(in Spanish). Dec 9, 2019.
1911:(in Spanish). Jan 1, 2020.
1432:(in Spanish). Dec 1, 2018.
1353:(in Spanish). Nov 26, 2018
1250:(wife of former president
1110:(INSABI). The old system,
1098:
1092:
1081:
1051:
1047:
1002:
996:
850:
844:
759:
727:
671:
642:Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán
549:
504:
422:
335:
1126:World Health Organization
979:Mexican-American citizens
908:under the control of the
755:
208:¿Quién es el señor López?
3064:2021 in Mexican politics
3059:2020 in Mexican politics
3054:2019 in Mexican politics
3049:2018 in Mexican politics
2990:El Segundero, 9 Mar 2020
2677:La Jornada, 21 Jan 2020
1194:and arrest warrants for
1089:Health care and medicine
989:spoke to Lopez Obrador,
929:2020 legislative session
664:, are planned for 2021.
560:, on November 20, 1910,
454:Congress of Chilpancingo
35:This article is part of
388:Juntos Haremos Historia
2608:La Jornada, 9 Mar 2020
1642:PBS History Detectives
1038:violence against women
993:Violence against women
871:Transparencia Mexicana
837:has decreased by 90%.
592:Major acts and affairs
349:campaign for president
345:
275:
133:Presidential campaigns
2662:Proceso, Jan 9, 2020
2639:El Diario de Coahuila
2540:Retrieved 14 Feb 2020
2525:Retrieved 14 Feb 2020
2111:retrieved 15 Feb 2020
2093:retrieved 15 Feb 2020
1949:Diario Contra Réplica
1697:Reuters Business News
1264:1968 student movement
940:intentional homicides
879:Carlos Lomelí Bolaños
630:Cadereyta, Nuevo León
536:Second Mexican Empire
433:called the people of
341:
276:Cuarta Transformación
268:Fourth Transformation
214:Statue in Atlacomulco
193:(presidential recall)
85:Fourth Transformation
2641:(in Mexican Spanish)
1638:"Mexican Revolution"
1485:on November 17, 2018
1196:Emilio Lozoya Austin
1162:freedom of the press
1095:Healthcare in Mexico
951:El Aguaje, Michoacán
890:Mexican Armed Forces
867:Enrique Peña Nieto's
847:Corruption in Mexico
703:popular consultation
638:Topolobampo, Sinaloa
586:Constitution of 1917
473:Juan Ruiz de Apodaca
361:popular consultation
318:electoral commission
296:(1858–1861) and the
2948:Infobae, 1 Dec 2019
1557:Global Security.org
1539:Mexican History.com
1509:Mexican History.com
1272:Jorge Carrillo Olea
1240:Ovidio Guzmán López
1084:Education in Mexico
959:Ovidio Guzmán López
582:Venustiano Carranza
562:Francisco I. Madero
532:French intervention
439:Virgin of Guadalupe
95:Santa Lucía Airport
2515:2020-04-25 at the
2362:Univision Noticias
2175:Expansión Política
2022:. January 19, 2019
1909:Política Expansión
1737:Expansión Politica
1719:La Politica Online
975:Galeana, Chihuahua
914:Human Rights Watch
896:Crime and violence
688:Enrique Peña Nieto
634:Macuspana, Tabasco
552:Mexican Revolution
546:Mexican Revolution
465:Guadalupe Victoria
450:José María Morelos
365:official residence
298:Mexican Revolution
187:(corruption trial)
2085:oil privatization
1927:Mexico News Daily
1825:The Limited Times
1617:History Today.com
1377:The Yucatan Times
1268:Miguel Nazar Haro
1202:, a January 2020
1054:Economy of Mexico
736:Yucatán Peninsula
654:Torreón, Coahuila
578:Victoriano Huerta
572:in the north and
409:history of Mexico
355:so that even the
292:(1810–1821), the
264:
263:
55:
54:
3076:
2991:
2989:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2933:Diario de México
2925:
2919:
2918:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2796:
2790:
2788:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2739:
2733:
2731:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2709:
2703:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2615:
2609:
2607:
2596:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2493:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2413:
2407:
2402:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2336:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2297:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2189:
2183:
2178:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1988:Miguel Llovera.
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1873:The Conversation
1864:
1855:
1854:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1802:. July 30, 2019.
1792:
1786:
1785:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1689:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1608:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1589:on March 4, 2020
1585:. Archived from
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1531:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1481:. Archived from
1470:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1422:
1407:
1406:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1343:
1278:, among others.
1248:Margarita Zavala
1198:, former CEO of
640:and the port in
485:Iturbide became
469:Vicente Guerrero
467:near Puebla and
256:
249:
242:
231:
224:
51:
50:
48:
39:
38:
30:
23:
22:
19:
18:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3044:2020s in Mexico
3039:2010s in Mexico
3014:
3013:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2969:
2967:
2956:
2952:
2944:
2940:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2838:
2834:
2824:
2822:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2769:
2767:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2747:CBS Los Angeles
2741:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2691:
2684:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2633:Universal, El.
2631:
2627:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2594:
2586:
2582:
2571:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2548:
2544:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2521:
2517:Wayback Machine
2508:
2502:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2460:. Nov 27, 2019.
2452:
2451:
2447:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2414:
2410:
2391:
2387:
2382:. Oct 16, 2019.
2374:
2373:
2369:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2325:
2321:
2311:
2309:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2219:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2190:
2186:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1941:
1934:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1893:. Dec 16, 2019.
1885:
1884:
1880:
1865:
1858:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1774:
1770:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1742:
1740:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1711:
1704:
1678:
1674:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1621:
1619:
1609:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1575:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1533:
1532:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1473:Heather Brady.
1471:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1441:
1437:
1424:
1423:
1410:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1288:
1252:Felipe Calderón
1185:
1169:Acteal massacre
1143:
1112:Seguro Popular,
1103:
1097:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1056:
1050:
1011:
1001:
995:
898:
885:(Master Scam).
859:
849:
843:
808:Merida, Yucatan
806:In a speech in
768:
758:
732:
726:
680:
670:
662:State of Mexico
614:
594:
574:Emiliano Zapata
554:
548:
520:Catholic Church
509:
503:
495:first president
443:Ignacio Allende
435:Dolores Hidalgo
427:
421:
405:
340:
334:
260:
225:
218:
196:
174:
169:opinion polling
129:
100:Texcoco Airport
67:
46:
44:
42:
41:
40:
36:
34:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3082:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2999:
2998:External links
2996:
2993:
2992:
2977:
2950:
2938:
2920:
2902:
2877:
2866:. Jan 29, 2020
2851:
2832:
2806:
2791:
2776:
2734:
2719:
2704:
2695:By Alex Ward,
2682:
2667:
2652:
2625:
2610:
2580:
2554:
2542:
2527:
2481:
2478:. Dec 6, 2019.
2463:
2445:
2442:. Dec 1, 2019.
2427:
2408:
2385:
2367:
2349:
2344:BBC News Mundo
2333:BBC News Mundo
2319:
2289:
2277:
2272:BBC News Mundo
2256:
2243:jornada.com.mx
2229:
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1298:2018 in Mexico
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1276:Marcial Maciel
1244:LeBaron family
1236:Alfonso Durazo
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2749:. 2020-02-28
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2702:26 Mar 2020
2249:January 15,
2239:"Astillero"
1018:feminicidio
925:Amnesty law
314:legislators
178:Referendums
3018:Categories
2846:La Jornada
2770:2020-02-29
2753:2020-02-28
1430:Nación 321
1382:11 January
1330:References
1217:Maya Train
1151:Maya Train
1099:See also:
1016:(Spanish:
1003:See also:
851:See also:
841:Corruption
771:Fuel theft
760:See also:
724:Maya train
672:See also:
658:Cuautitlán
512:La Reforma
507:Reform War
501:Reform War
413:La Reforma
336:See also:
332:Definition
294:Reform War
105:Maya Train
72:Presidency
1782:Excelsior
1686:Bloomberg
1183:Criticism
1078:Education
1042:CONCANACO
944:femicides
835:huachicol
820:Cuxtal II
730:Tren Maya
283:President
164:coalition
144:coalition
2895:July 23,
2513:Archived
2458:BBC News
2440:CBS News
2380:BBC News
1994:Deloitte
1891:France24
1286:See also
1155:Campeche
1130:COVID-19
1014:Femicide
967:Culiacán
942:and 833
822:and the
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491:republic
312:(SCJN),
2964:Proceso
2870:Jan 31,
2645:May 31,
2476:Reuters
2216:infobae
2142:Proceso
2047:El Pais
1851:Milenio
1831:Jan 25,
1743:Jan 23,
1647:Jan 23,
1622:Jan 23,
1593:Jan 22,
1562:Jan 22,
1514:Jan 22,
1489:Jan 22,
1455:Jan 22,
1357:Jan 22,
1048:Economy
961:of the
953:by the
487:emperor
306:Cabinet
280:Mexican
272:Spanish
200:Related
125:LitioMX
2970:Feb 3,
2825:Feb 2,
2312:Feb 2,
2306:UNO TV
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2026:Feb 2,
2000:Feb 2,
1973:Feb 2,
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650:Merida
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2028:2020
2002:2020
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