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The four-toed hedgehog is an oval bodied animal approximately 210 millimetres (8.3 in) in length and weighing between 250 and 600 grams (8.8 and 21.2 oz). Females are typically larger than males. It has short legs, short tail typically around 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) in length, a long
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lasts thirty to forty days, and the mother gives birth in a well-lined nest cavity, such as an abandoned rodent burrow. The young are covered in a thin membrane to protect the mother from their already present spines, though it takes them some time to gain control over the muscles that move them. At
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during any particular season, and are fertile throughout the year, although mating is most common during the rainy season, when food is most abundant. The female typically gives birth to a single litter each year, which may contain from two to ten hoglets, with four or five being most typical. Males
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sold in the exotic pet trade. It is bred extensively for color and temperament and is even displayed in competitive hedgehog shows. Lifespan is typically 4–6 years. Due to its energetic nature, many owners provide their hedgehog with a large running wheel. Some measure the distances their pets run
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When the four-toed hedgehog is introduced to a new or particularly strong smell, it will sometimes do what is referred to as self-anointing. It creates a large amount of foam by combining the aromatic substance with its saliva, and spreads it onto its spines. The purpose of this behavior is poorly
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appear at about three weeks, with the permanent teeth following at seven to nine weeks. The young are weaned by six weeks and leave the mother not long after. They can become sexually mature at two to three months of age, although in the wild they will not typically breed during the first year of
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It can vary greatly in colouration, but typical wild specimens have brown or grey spines with white or cream colored tips. The fur on the body is speckled grey in color, with brown around the muzzle, and white face, legs, and underparts. The upper body is covered in spines varying from 0.5 to 1.7
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When encountering a predator, its standard defensive reaction is to tense up all the muscles on its back to cause its spines to stand erect, and then roll into a ball protecting its limbs and head. If it is harassed further, it will twitch in an attempt to jab spines into the predator and make
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every night, and some have claimed that their hedgehogs run upwards of 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) a night with speed bursts in excess of 16 kilometres per hour (9.9 mph). When kept in captivity, at more regulated temperatures, this species does not typically display its
330:. It prefers grassy environments or open woodland, and is found at elevations as high as 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), although it is more common in lowland areas. Because it prefers to shelter in dry rocky or grassy areas, it avoids dense forest and swampland.
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nose, and small beady eyes. The ears and whiskers are both relatively large, implying that the animal has good senses. As its common name implies, and unlike related species, the four-toed hedgehog typically only has four toes on each hind foot, lacking the
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birth, the young weigh about 10 grams (0.35 oz), and are blind and helpless, with only soft spines and no other fur. The spines stiffen within a few hours, and further spines emerge over the first few days of life as the skin, initially swollen and
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or cropland habitats, avoiding forested areas. The species common name is derived from the number of toes found on its hind feet. Due to its extensive range and stable wild population, the species is rated as
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The most common sounds made by four-toed hedgehogs are snorts, hisses, and a quiet twittering sound. When attacked, the animal can scream loudly, and males also produce a birdlike call during courtship.
375:. It generally moves along the ground, but is capable of both climbing and swimming when the need arises. It is highly energetic, sometimes covering miles of ground in a single night as it forages for
571:, a highly contagious disease of cloven-hooved animals. Hedgehogs are generally hardy animals when kept properly, though they may be vulnerable to the growth of tumors as they mature.
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This species tends to prefer temperatures between 24 and 30 °C (75 and 86 °F). When it is hotter than that, it tends to find shelter in a burrow and go into a state of
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localities ban ownership of this species, or require special permits for them. These restrictions may have been enacted due to the ability of some hedgehog species to carry
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through the summer, this is not thought to be connected to a rise in temperature, but rather to a lack of available food. Aestivation rarely lasts for more than six weeks.
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centimetres (0.20 to 0.67 in) in length, being longest on the upper surface of the head. The spines are variably colored, but always have a white base and tip.
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behaviour. Due to the large amount of breeding stock available in captive collections, the four-toed hedgehog is rarely imported from the wild any longer. Several
283:. However, in some individuals, a small bony lump may be present in place of the hallux, or there may even be a well-developed toe, especially on the hind feet.
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In the wild, four-toed hedgehogs live for no more than about three years, but they have lived up to ten years in captivity.
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understood, but it is thought to be a defensive action, as hedgehogs have been known to self-anoint with poisonous toads.
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670:"External and Internal Morphometry of the Four-Toed Hedgehog (Atelerix Albiventris Wagner, 1841) in Ibadan, Nigeria"
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snuffling/grunting noises. Its spines are not released into the skin of an attacker, as those of a
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Coker, Oluwakayode
Michael; Olukole, Samuel Gbadebo & Udje, Oghenetejiri Aquila (April 2018).
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Raymond, J.T.; Garner, M.M. (2001). "Spontaneous tumors in captive
African hedgehogs (
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Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern.
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Gregory, M. (1975). "Observations on vocalization in the central
African hedgehog,
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789:"Reproductive characteristics of the African pygmy hedgehog, Atelerix albiventris"
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The eyes open at fifteen days, when the young begin to become more active. The
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The four-toed hedgehog is found across a wide swathe of central Africa, from
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The main predators of four-toed hedgehogs within their natural habitat are
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Bedford, J M; Mock, O B; Nagdas, S K; Winfrey, V P; Olson, G E (2000).
518: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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approach the female and court her with high pitched vocalizations.
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Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
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602:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 212.
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The four-toed hedgehog is one of the most popular species of
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in the east, and also in eastern Africa, as far south as
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951:"Diseases of Hedgehogs - Exotic and Laboratory Animals"
302:. Females may have anything from two to five pairs of
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238:Populations tend to be scattered between suitable
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445:Female four-toed hedgehogs do not go into
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534:Learn how and when to remove this message
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298:are recessed into pouches close to the
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368:The four-toed hedgehog is a solitary,
294:, located in the mid-abdomen, but the
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796:Journal of Reproduction and Fertility
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516:adding citations to reliable sources
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1820:IUCN Red List least concern species
710:Santana, E.M.; et al. (2010).
642:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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1168:Northern white-breasted hedgehog (
1150:Southern white-breasted hedgehog (
827:from the original on 23 May 2024.
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290:Males have an externally visible
916:Journal of Comparative Pathology
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413:Although four-toed hedgehogs do
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1426:Northern short-tailed gymnure (
1252:Small-toothed forest hedgehog (
889:. Barron's Educational Series.
848:, including a courtship call".
503:needs additional citations for
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1399:Bornean short-tailed gymnure (
949:Doss, Grayson A (2021-06-23).
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716:(Erinaceomorpha: Erinaceidae)"
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469:, begins to dry and contract.
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1:
1830:Mammals of Sub-Saharan Africa
674:Animal Research International
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360:in order to conserve energy.
274:Skull of a four-toed hedgehog
1408:Max's short-tailed gymnure (
1390:Javan short-tailed gymnure (
1201:Indian long-eared hedgehog (
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7:
1243:Gaoligong forest hedgehog (
1108:Southern African hedgehog (
914:): a retrospective study".
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1540:Eastern Mindanao gymnure (
883:Vanderlip, Sharon (2010).
1835:Mammals described in 1841
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762:(1): 1–38. Archived from
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70:Scientific classification
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1159:West European hedgehog (
1099:North African hedgehog (
862:10.1515/mamm.1975.39.1.1
809:10.1530/reprod/120.1.143
441:Young four-toed hedgehog
310:Distribution and habitat
1312:Bare-bellied hedgehog (
956:Merck Veterinary Manual
391:matter, and even small
255:and bred in captivity.
928:10.1053/jcpa.2000.0441
596:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
590:"Order Erinaceomorpha"
569:foot and mouth disease
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225:African pygmy hedgehog
1768:Erinaceus albiventris
1192:Long-eared hedgehog (
846:Erinaceus albiventris
631:Hutterer, R. (2008).
588:Hutterer, R. (2005).
548:domesticated hedgehog
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223:), also known as the
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1612:Atelerix albiventris
1582:Atelerix albiventris
1507:Long-eared gymnure (
1090:Four-toed hedgehog (
1012:species by subfamily
912:Atelerix albiventris
747:Allen, J.A. (1922).
714:Atelerix albiventris
635:Atelerix albiventris
512:improve this article
335:Verreaux's eagle-owl
220:Atelerix albiventris
179:Atelerix albiventris
1294:Brandt's hedgehog (
260:A. albiventris
161:A. albiventris
40:Conservation status
24:Four-toed hedgehog
1549:Mindanao gymnure (
1225:Daurian hedgehog (
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1234:Hugh's hedgehog (
1117:Somali hedgehog (
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609:978-0-8018-8221-0
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769:on 2007-07-05
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733:10.1644/857.1
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245:least concern
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170:Binomial name
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55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1767:
1581:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1520:
1509:O. megalotis
1508:
1496:
1484:
1472:
1460:
1448:
1436:
1428:H. peguensis
1427:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1370:
1358:
1346:
1313:
1304:
1296:P. hypomelas
1295:
1286:
1274:
1262:
1253:
1244:
1235:
1227:M. dauuricus
1226:
1214:
1202:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1161:E. europaeus
1160:
1151:
1143:E. amurensis
1142:
1130:
1118:
1110:A. frontalis
1109:
1100:
1091:
1089:
1079:
1053:Eulipotyphla
960:. Retrieved
954:
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919:
915:
911:
905:
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878:
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849:
845:
829:PDF download
828:
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771:. Retrieved
764:the original
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650:. Retrieved
646:
640:
634:
626:
598:
594:Wilson, D.E.
583:
545:
530:
521:
510:Please help
505:verification
502:
484:In captivity
479:
471:
460:
444:
433:Reproduction
427:
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351:
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253:domesticated
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147:
127:Eulipotyphla
18:
1673:iNaturalist
1606:Wikispecies
1522:Podogymnura
1485:N. sinensis
1474:Neotetracus
1419:H. macarong
1401:H. dorsalis
1348:Echinosorex
1330:Galericinae
1305:P. micropus
1276:Paraechinus
1203:H. collaris
1183:Hemiechinus
1152:E. concolor
1119:A. sclateri
1069:(Hedgehogs)
1063:Erinaceinae
1045:Superorder
1039:Infraclass
1010:Erinaceidae
557:hibernation
553:aestivation
393:vertebrates
358:hibernation
266:Description
137:Erinaceidae
1814:Categories
1498:Otohylomys
1450:Neohylomys
1392:H. suillus
1359:E. gymnura
1336:(Gymnures)
1216:Mesechinus
1194:H. auritus
1101:A. algirus
962:2022-04-12
856:(1): 1–8.
773:2010-11-02
575:References
354:estivation
328:Mozambique
1783:Q41083104
1383:H. parvus
1357:Moonrat (
1254:M. miodon
1132:Erinaceus
886:Hedgehogs
652:30 August
467:edematous
462:Gestation
452:Ovulation
423:porcupine
415:aestivate
399:and even
397:scorpions
379:, grubs,
370:nocturnal
364:Behaviour
296:testicles
204:Range of
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1825:Atelerix
1797:10901823
1777:Wikidata
1743:13600005
1691:10771106
1591:Wikidata
1551:P. truei
1437:H. vorax
1245:M. wangi
1236:M. hughi
1081:Atelerix
1041:Eutheria
1035:Mammalia
1029:Chordata
1023:Animalia
1021:Kingdom
936:11222009
870:85768161
850:Mammalia
822:Archived
818:11006156
618:62265494
565:Canadian
524:May 2022
401:venomous
240:savannah
229:hedgehog
148:Atelerix
133:Family:
117:Mammalia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1730:1003804
1665:2437140
1652:1178677
1597:Q836725
1410:H. maxi
1372:Hylomys
1027:Phylum
1008:Extant
456:induced
387:, some
385:spiders
377:insects
339:jackals
324:Somalia
320:Senegal
247:by the
189:, 1841)
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1704:633534
1051:Order
1033:Class
934:
893:
868:
816:
616:
606:
477:life.
447:estrus
404:snakes
381:snails
373:animal
345:, and
343:hyenas
316:Gambia
281:hallux
233:Africa
187:Wagner
1717:40602
1686:IRMNG
1678:43055
866:S2CID
825:(PDF)
792:(PDF)
767:(PDF)
752:(PDF)
592:. In
389:plant
304:teats
292:penis
1792:GBIF
1756:9368
1751:NCBI
1712:IUCN
1699:ITIS
1660:GBIF
1639:J8NM
932:PMID
891:ISBN
814:PMID
654:2009
647:2008
614:OCLC
604:ISBN
563:and
318:and
300:anus
249:IUCN
213:The
1738:MSW
1725:MDD
1647:EoL
1634:CoL
1621:ADW
924:doi
920:124
858:doi
804:doi
800:120
728:doi
555:or
514:by
454:is
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